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HISTORY 



DELAWARE COUNTY, 



I O ^W A.. 



CONTAINING 



A Biographical Directory of its Citizens, War Record of its Vol- 
unteers in the late Rebellion, General and Local Statistics, 
Portraits of Early Settlers and Prominent Men, His- 
tory of the Northwest, History of Iowa, Map 
of Delaware County, Constitution of the 
United States, Miscellaneous 
Matters, &g. 



IXjXjTJSTI?,.A.TEID- 




CHICAGO : 
WESTERN HISTORICAL COMPANY, 

SUCCESSORS TO H. F. KETT & CO. 

1878. 



/> 



IiDt*r<-fi. accordii]^' to Act oi Oonpress. in the year IS?}-, liy 

THE WESTERN HISTORICAL COMPANY. 

In the OflSce (>f the Librariaii of Congreee, at Washington, D. C. 






V".'v\(> 




PREFACE. 



~r ESS than fifty years ago, Delaware County, now so densely populated and replete 
-^-^ with all the elements of an enlightened civilization, was the undisturbed home of 
the Sacs and' Foxes. Less than half a century has rolled into eternity since the Indian 
title to any portion of the soil of Iowa was extinguished, and the Black Hawk Purchase 
permitted the resistless tide of emigration Westward to flow across the Mississippi. 

Only a little more than forty years have elapsed since the roving, restless Bennett 
built the first rude log cabin and the first brave and hardy pioneers settled on the beau- 
tiful prairies of Delaware. But these fleeting years have been full of eventful changes 
— of history. To gather, compile and preserve that history for transmission to posterity 
as one of the almost countless chapters in the annals of this great country, has been the 
purpose of this work. 

The task has been an arduous and responsible one. Several years had passed, after 
the first permanent settlements by Kibbee, the Livingstons, the Nicholsons, 
Bailey, the Keelers, Eads, Penn, Aubrey, Jackson and others, before any writ- 
ten records were made ; indeed, prior to 1850, the records of Delaware were very incom- 
plete and many valuable papers pertaining to that period have been lost. Of those who 
came prior to 1842, only a few remain to greet those who now come to write their history. 
Memories fail with the accumulating burdens of years, and events that were fresh and 
vivid in memory ten or fifteen years ago are now so nearly forgotten that they are recalled 
with diflSculty. 

In the absence of written records, it has often occurred that diff^erent individuals 
have given sincere and honest but nevertheless conflicting accounts of the same events, 
and it has been a task of great delicacy to harmonize these conflicting statements and draw 
therefi'om reasonable and approximately correct conclusions. This part of the work has 
been performed with much care and with the single purpose of ascertaining the truth 
and of recording events as they actually transpired. How well it has been performed 
the reader must judge. It will be strange indeed, if, in the multiplicity of names, dates 
and events, no errors shall be detected. The compilers do not dare hope that in all its 
numerous and varied details, this work is absolutely correct, nor is it expected that it is 
beyond criticism. But the publishers hope and believe that it will be found measurably 
correct and generally accurate and reliable. Unwearied and studious care has been con- 
stantly exercised, in the hope of making it a standard work of reference as well as a 
volume of intere.'^t to the general reader. 

Such as it shall be found, however, our work is done — our ofl'ering completed, and it 
remains for us to tender our grateful acknowledgments to the people of Delaware County 



IV PREFACE. 

for the liberal patronage that has enabled us to present them with this volume, and 
for the courtesy and kindness almost without exception extended to our representatives 
and agents to whom has been entrusted the work of collecting and arranging the histor- 
ical records herein preserved to that posterity who, in the not far distant future, are to 
take the places of the fathers and mothers of to-day, so many of whose names are 
honorably ret-orded in the following pages. 

Particularly do we desire lo express our warmest thanks to those who have so freely 
and generously furnished so much valuable information, without whose aid the history 
•of Delaware County would not have been so complete and accurate as it is hoped it will 
be found to be. 

To the Fathers and Mothers of the Past, and the Sons of the Present, who have 
taken a deep interest in this work, and especially to Hon. Joel Bailey and his amiable 
wife, Mrs. Arabella Coffin Bailey; Hon. Cumminqs Sanborn, Mayor of Man- 
chester; Thomas TooGooD, Esq.; Ray B. GtRiffin, Esq.; Col. S. G. Van Anda ; R. 
M. KwART, Esq., Superintendent of Schools; Dr. Joseph W. Bobbins; Rev. B. M. 
Amsden ; Joseph S. Belknap, Esq.; S. L. Doggett, Esq.; R. W. Tirrill, Esq.; 
Francis Bethell ; William Cattron, Esq.; L. L. Ayers, Esq.; C. C. Peers ; 
Charles C. Lewis; Mark Whitman; Allen Love, of Manchester; Hon. Fred- 
erick B. Doolittle ; Col. John H. Peters ; Charles W. Hobbs, Esq.; J. B. 
Bogqs, Esq., County Auditor; J. B. Satterlee, Ex-Clerk of Courts ; Capt. J. M. HoL- 
BROOK, County Treasurer; H. C. Jackson, Esq., Recorder of Delhi; Leroy Jack- 
son; Henry A. Carter; Mrs. Dr. Finley ; P.H.Warner; Rev. S. Hodge, D. D.; 
Prof Wm. Flude, of Hopkinton ; Lawrence McNamee, Esq.; Jacob B. More- 
land, Col. Samuel G. Knee; John Platt, Esq.; Rev. E L. McNamee, of Coles- 
burg ; Asa C. Bowen, Esq., of Sand Spring ; Roland Aubrey, Escj., of North Fork; 
Hiram D. Wood, Esq., of Forestville; Silas Gilmore, Esq., of Greeley; Christo- 
pher L. Flint, Esq., of Hazel Green ; Henry Baker, Esq., of Coffin's Grove ; C. B. 
Lont, Esq.; W. M. Hefner, of Delaware ; to the Press of the County, to the minis- 
ters and official representatives of the churches, lodges and societies, and the principals 
and teachers of schools, this paragraph of grateful appreciation and thanks is respect- 
fully dedicated. We are also under obligations to Hon. T. S. Wilson and P. J. QuiG- 
LEY, Esq., Clerk of Courts of Dubuque; and to Hon. T. W. BuRDiCK, M. C. from this 
Congressional District, for courtesies extended to our representatives. 

In conclusion, we may be permitted to express the earnest hope that before two score 
more of years have passed, other and abler pens will have gathered and recorded the 
historical events that are to follow the close of this offering to the people of Delaware, 
that the history of the County may be preserved unbroken from generation to gener- 
.ation. 

PUBLISHERS. 

Jdnb, 1878. 



CONTENTS. 



HISTORleAli 



Page. 

History Nurthwest Territory 19 

Gecsrspliical Position 19 | 

Early Explorations 20 

Disco .ery of the Ohio 33 

Englitih Explorations and Set- 

ments 35 

Ameri;an Settlements 60 

Divisiitn of the Northwest Ter- 
ritory 60 

Teciimsoh and the War of 1812 70 
Black Hawk and the Black 

Hawk War 74 

Other Indian Troubles 79 

Present Condition of the North- 
west 86 

Chicaf;0 95 

Illinoa....r. 240 

Indiana 242 

Iowa 243 

Michiijan 244 

Wisccnsin 245 

Minntsota 247 

Nebraska 248 

History of Iowa: 

Geographical Situation 109 

Topography 109 

Draiuage Systena 110 

Kiveri! Ill 

Lake? 118 

Springs 119 

Prairies 120 

Geology 120 

Climatology 137 

Hiscuvery and Occupation 139 

Territory 147 

Indians 147 

Pike's Expedition 161 

Indian Wars 152 

Black Hawk War 157 

Indian Purchase, Keseryes and 

Treaties 159 

Spanish Grants 163 

Half-Breed Tract. 164 

Early Settlements 160 

Territorial History 173 

Boundary Question 177 

State Orginization 181 

Growth and Progress 185 

Agricultural College and Farm.186' 



Pace. 

History of Iowa : 

State University 187 

State Historical Society 193 

Penitentiaries 194 

Insane Hospitals 195 

College for the Blind 197 

Deaf and Dumb Institution 199 

Soldiers' Orphans' Homes 199 

State Normal School 201 

Asylum for Feeble Minded 

Children 201 

Reform School 202 

Fish Hatching Establishment. .203 

Public Lands 204 

Public Schools 218 

Political Record 223 

War Record 229 

Number Volunteers 233 

Number Casualties — Officers. ..234 
Number Casualties — Enlisted 

Men 236 

Population.... 238 

History of Delaware County 331 

First Election 3.37 

First Marriages 341 

Organization of County 342 

First County Election 346 

First Court House 351 

First Tax 353 

First Civil Case 367 

First Criminal Trial 368 

First Divorce Case 368 

Jail and Court H()U8e..379-380- 

386 and 387 

New Townships 380 

County Judge System 381 

Great Flood 382 

Township Boundaries 387 

Land Case 389 

Incorporation of Delhi 390 

Railroad Strangled 391 

Broom Corn 392 

Murder in Delhi 392 

Poor Farm 403 

Poor House 407 

County Seat Contests 408 

Harvest Home 410 

Miscellaneous 411 

Property Statement 414 



Pagk. 

History of Delaware County : 

Tax Statement 414 

Vote 1876 415 

County Officers, 1841 to 1878. ..416 

Township Officers 418 

Old Settlers' Society 422 

Agricultural Society 424 

Farmers' Institute 426- 

Patrons of Husbandry 427 

Sabbath School Association 428 

Post Offices and Postmasters. ..428 
Fire and Lightning Insurance 

Company 431 

. Dairy System 432 

Nurseries 434 

War Record 435 

Educational 459 

Bowen Collegiate Institute 462 

Railroads 468 

Press 471 

Medical Society 475 

Musical Society 476 

Bible Society 477 

History of Towns: 

Manchester 477 

Delhi 514 

Earlville 520 

Delaware 525 

Greeley 530 

C desburg and Colony 533 

Hopkinton 537 

Sand Spring 543 

Forestville 547 

Almoral 549 

Rockville 5.51 

Hartwick 552 

Delaware Township 553 

Masonville 554 

Cotfin's Grove Township 555 

Yankee Settlement 556 

Hazel Green 557 

Delaware Center 558 

Petersburg 559 

Millheim 560 

York 560 

Elk Township .561 

Bremen Township 561 

Too Lates 561 



Page. 

Mouth of the Mississippi 21 

Source nf the Mississippi 21 ' 

Wild Prairie 23 

La Sail ■ Landing on the Shore of 

Green Bay 25 

Buffalo Hunt 27 

Trapiiiii^' 29 \ 

Huntlni; 32 

Iroquois Chief , 34 I 

Pontiac.the Ottawa Chieftain 43 , 

Indians Attacking Frontieremen.. 56 i 
A Prairie StorU! 59 



IL-IillSTRATIONS. 

Pake. 

A Pioneer Dwelling 61 | 

Breaking Prairie , 63 ! 

Tecumseh, the Shawnoe Chieftain.. 69 

Indians Attacking a Stockade 72 I 

Black Hawk, the Sac Chieltaiu 75 

Big Eagle 80 

Captain Jack, the Modoc Chieftain 83 

Kinzie House 85 

A Representative Pioneer 86 

Lincoln Monument 87 

A Pioneer School House 88 

Pioneers' First Winter 94 



Page. 
Great Iron Bridge of C, R. I. & P. 
R. R., Crossing the Mississippi at 

Davenport, Iowa 91 

Chicago in 1833 95 

Old Fort Dearborn, 1830 98 

Present Site Lake Street Bridge, 

Chicago, 1833 98 

Ruins of Chicago 104 

View of the City of Chicago 106 

Hunting Prairie Wolves 249 

Starved Rock 274 

Centennial Medals 562 



CONTENTS. 



I.ITHOORAPHI€ PORTRAITS. 



Page. Page. 

Baily, Joel 329- Drybread, J. S 45.rj Martin, W. H 

Belknap, J. S 56:)^ Emerson, F 49t- 

Bronson, Chas. E 509. Flint, C. L 40k 

Baker, Henry 35- Griffin, R. B 16:V 

Cowles, E. S 419- Gilmore, Silas 19:V 



Carr, E. M 21V- 



Hobbs, Chas. W 36.5- Stewart, John 



99" Jackson, Leroy 617- 



Sullivan, A. 



Coffin, Clement 

Denton, M 674 Klaus, H. H 65:l-j Van Anila, S. G. 

Doolittl'.F. B 51«^ Lo Roy, M. F 295-. Wood, H.D (.. 

Drybread, H.C 5454 McNamee, L 635-1 Wellman, 0.. 



Page. 

527- 

Martindale, John , 227- 

Peters, J. H L 5"^' 

Swinburne, J. B « 

Stone, Andrew 



DEIiAWARE COriWTT WAR RE€ORU. 



Page. 

Infantry 441 

First 441 

Third 441 

Fifth 441 

Ninth 442 

Twelfth 442 

Twenty-first 444 

Twenty-seventh 447 



Page. 

Infantry : 

Forty-fourth ....448 

Forty-sixth 448 

Miscellaneous Infantry 449 

Cavalry 449 

First 449 

Second 450 



Cavalry : 

Fourth ^.. 

Sixth ^.. 

Seventh *. 

Eighth 

MiscellimeouB Cavalr) „., 
Artillery, etc .,.. 



BIOORAPHK'AL, TOWUfSHIP IHRKCTORY. 



Page. 

Adams 684 

Bremen 703 

Colony 008 

Coffin's Grove G60 

Delaware .565 

Delhi .595 



Page. 

Elk 625 

Hazel Green 693 

Honey Creek 649 

Milo 615 

North Fork 689 



I 

Oneida — .- 

Prairie A 

Richltind i 

South Fork „ 

Union 



ABSTRACT or IOWA STATE EAWS. 



Page. 

Adoption of Children 284 

Bills of Exchange and Promissory 

Notes 275 

Commercial Terms 286 

Descent 275 

Damages from Trespass 281 

Exemptions from Execution 280 

Esti-ays 280 

Forms: 

Articles of Agreement 288 

Bills of Sale 289 

Bond for Deed 298 

Bills of Purchase 287 

Chattel Mortgage 297 

Confession of Judgment 288 



Page. 
Forms : 

Lease 294 

Mortgages 292 

Notice to Qviit 290 

Notes 287-294 

Orders 287 

Quit Claim Deed 297 

Receipts 287 

Tenant's Notice of Leaving 290 

Wills and Codicils 290 

Warranty Deed 297 

Fences 282 

Interest 375 

Jurisdiction of Courts 278 



I 

Jurors .^ 

Limitation of Actions _ 

Landlord and Tenant 

Married Women 

Marks and Brands 

Mechanio.>i' Liens 

Koads and Bridges 

Surveyors and Survfys , 

Suggestions to Persons Purt^osinj 

Books by Subscript'ton 

Support of Poor 

Taxes 

Wills and Kstatos 

Weights and Measu e« 



9IISCEI.EANKOFS. 



Page. 

Map of Delaware County Front. 

Constitution of United States 250 

Vote for President and Vice Pres- 
ident 264 

Practical Rules for Every-Day U8e..265 
United States Government Land 
Measure 268 

Errata , 



Page. 

Surveyor's Measure 269 

How to Keep Account8| 269 

Interest Table 270 

Miscellaneous Ta'le 270 

Names of the States of the Union 

and their Significations ....271 

Population of the United States 272 



Pa 

Population of Fifty ,'r.iici|aiCitiesi 
of the United Sta :e8 

Population and Are. i of tho United 
States 273 

Population of the Princijal Coun- 
tries in the World 273 




ii^ 



*^ 



( MAP of DELAWARE COQ 



y T o \ 







The Northwest Territory. 



GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION. 

When the Northwestern Territory was ceded to the United States 
by Virginia in 1784, it embraced only the territory lying between the 
Ohio and the Mississippi Rivers, and north to the northern limits of the 
United States. It coincided with the area now embraced in the States 
of Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, Illinois, Wisconsin, and that portion of 
Minnesota lying on the east side of the Mississippi River. The United 
States itself at that period extended no farther west than the Mississippi 
River; but by the purchase of Louisiana in 1803, the western boundary 
of the United States was extended to the Rocky Mountains and the 
Northern Pacific Ocean. The new territory thus added to the National 
domain, and subsequently opened to settlement, has been called the 
" New Northwest," in contradistinction from the old " Northwestern 
Territory." 

In comparison with the old Northwest this is a territory of vast 
magnitude. It includes an area of 1,887,850 square miles ; being greater 
in extent than the united areas of all the Middle and Southern States, 
including Texas. Out of this magnificent territory have been erected 
eleven sovereign States and eight Territories, with an aggregate popula- 
tion, at the present time, of 13,000,000 inhabitants, or nearly one third of 
the entire population of the United States. 

Its lakes are fresh-water seas, and the larger rivers of the continent 
flow for a thousand miles through its rich alluvial valleys and far- 
stretching prairies, more acres of which are arable and productive of the 
highest percentage of the cereals than of any other area of like extent 
on the globe. 

For the last twenty years the increase of population in the North- 
west has been about as three to one in any other portion of the United 
States. 

(19) 



20 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



EARLY EXPLORATIONS. 

Li the year 1541, DeSoto first saw the Great West in the New 
World. He, however, penetrated no farther north than the 35th parallel 
of latitude. The expedition resulted in his death and that of more than 
half his army, the remainder of whom found their way to Cuba, thence 
to Spain, in a famished and demoralized condition. DeSoto founded no 
settlements, produced no results, and left no traces, unless it were that 
he awakened the hostility of the red man against the white man, and 
disheartened such as might desire to follow up the career of discovery 
for better purposes. The French nation were eager and ready to seize 
upon any news from this extensive domain, and were the first to profit by 
DeSoto's defeat. Yet it was more than a century before any adventurer 
took advantage of these discoveries. 

In 1616, four years before the pilgrims " moored their bark on the 
wild New England shore," Le Caron, a French Franciscan, had pene- 
trated through the Iroquois and Wyandots (Hurons) to the streams which 
run into Lake Huron ; and in 1634, two Jesuit missionaries founded the 
first mission among the lake tribes. It was just one hundred years from 
the discovery of the Mississippi by DeSoto (1541) until the Canadian 
envoys met the savage nations of the Northwest at the Falls of St. Mary, 
below the outlet of Lake Superior. This visit led to no permanent 
result; yet it was not until 1659 that any of the adventurous fur traders 
attempted to spend a Winter in the frozen wilds about the great lakes, 
nor was it until 1660 that a station was established upon their borders by 
Mesnard, who perished in the woods a few months after. In 1665, Claude 
Allouez built the earliest lasting habitation of the white man among the 
Indians of the Northwest. In 1668, Claude Dablon and James Marquette 
founded the mission of Sault Ste. Marie at the Falls of St. Mary, and two 
years afterward, Nicholas Perrot, as agent for M. Talon, Governor Gen- 
eral of Canada, explored Lake Illinois (Michigan) as far south as the 
present City of Chicago, and invited the Indian nations to meet him at a 
grand council at Sault Ste. Marie the following Spring, where they were 
taken under the protection of the king, and formal possession was taken 
of the Northwest. This same year Marquette established a mission at 
Point St. Ignatius, where was founded the old town of Michillimackinac. 

During M. Talon's explorations and Marquette's residence at St. 
Ignatius, they learned of a great river away to the west, and fancied 
— as all others did then — that upon its fertile banks whole tribes of God's 
children resided, to whom the sound of the Gospel had never come. 
Filled with a wish to go and preach to them, and in compliance with a 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



21 





22 THE NORTHWEST TERRITOitY. 

request of M. Talon, who earnestly desired to extend the domain of his 
king, and to ascertain whether the river flowed into the Gulf of Mexico 
or the Pacific Ocean, Marquette with Joliet, as commander of the expe- 
dition, prepared for the undertaking. 

On the loth of May, 1673, the explorers, accompanied by five assist- 
ant French Canadians, set out from Mackinaw on their daring voyage of 
discovery. The Indians, who gathered to witness their departure, were 
astonished at the boldness of the undertaking, and endeavored to dissuade 
them from their purpose by representing the tribes on the Mississippi as 
exceedingly savage and cruel, and the river itself as full of all sorts of 
frightful monsters ready to swallow them and their canoes together. But, 
nothing daunted by these terrific descriptions, Marquette told them he 
was willing not only to encounter all the perils of the unknown region 
they were about to explore, but to lay down his life in a cause in which 
the salvation of souls was involved ; and having prayed together they 
separated. Coasting along the northern shore of Lake Michigan, the 
adventurers entered Green Bay, and passed thence up the Fox River and 
Lake Winnebago to a village of the Miamis and Kickapoos. Here Mar- 
quette was delighted to find a beautiful cross planted in the middle of the 
town ornamented with white skins, red girdles and bows and arrows, 
which these good people had offered to the Great Manitou, or God, to 
thank him for the pity he had bestowed on them during the Winter in 
giving them an abundant " chase." This was the farthest outpost to 
which Dablon and Allouez had extended their missionary labors the 
3'ear previous. Here Marquette drank mineral waters and was instructed 
in the secret of a root which cures the bite of the venomous rattlesnake. 
He assembled the chiefs and old men of the village, and, pointing to 
Joliet, said : " My friend is an envoy of France, to discover new coun- 
tries, and I am an ambassador from God to enlighten them with the truths 
of the Gospel." Two Miami guides were here furnished to conduct 
them to the Wisconsin River, and they set out from the Indian village on 
the 10th of June, amidst a great crowd of natives who had assembled to 
witness their departure into a region where no white man had ever yet 
ventured. The guides, having conducted them across the portage, 
returned. The explorers launched their canoes upon the Wisconsin, 
which they descended to the Mississippi and proceeded down its unknown 
waters. What emotions must have swelled their breasts as they struck 
out into the broadening current and became conscious that they were 
now upon the bosom of tliB Father of Waters. The mystery was about 
to be lifted from the long-sought river. The scenery in that locality is 
beautiful, and on that delightful seventeenth of June must have been 
clad in all its primeval loveliness as it had been adorned by the hand of 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



Nature. Drifting rapidly, it is said that the bold bluffs on either hand 
" reminded them of the castled shores of their own beautiful rivers of 
France." By-and-by, as they drifted along, great herds of buffalo appeared 
on the banks. On going to the heads of the valley they could see a 
country of the greatest beauty and fertility, apparently destitute of inhab- 
itants yet presenting the appearance of extensive manors, under the fas- 
tidious cultivation of lordly proprietors. 




On June 25, they went ashore and found some fresh traces of men upon 
the sand, and a path which led to the prairie. The men remained in the 
boat, and Marquette and Joliet followed the path till they discovered a 
village on the banks of a river, and two other villages on a hill, within a 
half league of the first, inhabited by Indians. They were received most 
hospitably by these natives, who had never before seen a white person. 
After remaining a few days they re-embarked and descended the river to 
about latitude 33°, where they found a village of the Arkansas, and being 
satisfied that the river flowed into the Gulf of Mexico, turned their course 



24 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

up the river, and ascending the stream to the mouth of the Illinois, 
rowed up that stream to its source, and procured guides from that point 
to the lakes. " Nowhere on this journe}'," says Marquette, ''did we see 
such grounds, meadows, woods, stags, buffaloes, deer, wildcats, bustards, 
swans, ducks, parroquets, and even beavers, as on the Illinois River." 
The part}-, without loss or injury, reached Green Bay in September, and 
reported their discovery — one of the most imjDortant of the age, but of 
which no record was preserved save Marquette's, Joliet losing his by 
the upsetting of his canoe on his way to Quebec. Afterward Marquette 
returned to the Illinois Indians by their request, and ministered to them 
until 1675. On the 18th of May, in that year, as he was passing the 
mouth of a stream — going with his boatmen up Lake Michigan — he asked 
to land at its mouth and celebrate Mass. Leaving his men with the canoe, 
he retired a short distance and began his devotions. As much time 
passed and he did not return, his men went in search of him, and found 
him upon his knees, dead. He had peacefuU}^ passed awa}' while at 
prayer. He was buried at this spot. Charlevoix, who visited the place 
fifty years after, found the waters had retreated from the grave, leaving 
the beloved missionary to repose in peace. The river has since been 
called Marquette. 

While Marquette and his companions were pursuing their labors in 
the West, two men, differing widely from him and each other, were pre- 
paring to follow in his footsteps and perfect the discoveries so well begun 
by him. These were Robert de La Salle and Louis Hennepin. 

After La Salle's return from the discovery of the Ohio River (see 
the narrative elsewhere), he established himself again among the French 
trading posts in Canada. Here he mused long upon the pet project of 
those ages — a short way to China and the East, and was busily planning an 
expedition up the great lakes, and so across the continent to the Pacific, 
when Marquette returned from the Mississippi. At once the vigorous mind 
of LaSalle received from his and his companions' stories the idea that by fol- 
lowing the Great River northward, or by turning up some of the numerous 
western tributaries, the object could easily be gained. He applied to 
Frontenac, Governor General cf Canada, and laid before him the plan, 
dim but gigantic. Frontenac entered warmly into his plans, and saw that 
LaSalle's idea to connect the great lakes by a chain of forts with the Gulf 
of Mexico would bind the country so wonderfully together, give un- 
measured power to France, and glory to himself, under whose adminis- 
cration he earnestly hoped all would be realized. 

LaSalle now repaired to France, laid his plans before the King, who 
warmly approved of them, and made him a Chevalier. He also receivad 
from all the noblemen the warmest wishes for his success. The Chev* 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



25 



alier returned to Canada, and busily entered upon his work. He at 
once rebuilt Fort Frontenac and constructed the first ship to sail on 
these fresh-water seas. On the 7th of August, 1679, having been joined 
by Hennepin, he began his voyage in the Griffin up Lake Erie. He 
passed over this lake, through the straits beyond, up Lake St. Clair and 
into Huron. In this lake they encountered heavy storms. They were 
some time at Michillimackinac, where LaSalle founded s fort, and passed 
on to Green Bay, the " Baie des Puans " of the French, where he found 
a huL^'e quantity of furs collected for him. He loaded the Griffin with 
these, and placing her under the care of a, pilot and fourteen sailors. 




LA SALLE LANDING ON THE SHORE OF GREEN BAY. 

started her on her return voyage. The vessel was never afterward heard 
of. He remained about these parts until early in the Winter, when, hear- 
ing nothing from the Griffin, he collected all the men — thirty working 
men and three monks — and started again upon his great undertaking. 

By a short portage they passed to the Illinois or Kankakee, called by 
the Indians, "Theakeke," tvolf, because of the tribes of Indians called 
by that name, commonly known as the Mahingans, dwelling there. The 
French pronounced it Kiakiki, which became corrupted to Kankakee. 
"Falling down the said river by easy journeys, the better to observe the 
country," about the last of December they reached a village of the Illi- 
nois Indians, containing some five hundred cabins, but at that moment 



26 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

no inhabitants. The Seur de LaSalle being in want of some breadstuffs, 
took advantage of the absence of the Indians to help himself to a suffi- 
ciency of maize, large quantities of which he found concealed in holes 
under the wigwams. This village was situated near the present village 
of Utica in LaSalle County, Illinois. The corn being securely stored, 
the voyagers again betook themselves to the stream, and toward evening, 
on the 4th day of January, 1680, they came into a lake which must have 
been the lake of Peoria. This was called by the Indians Firn-i-te-tvi, that 
is, a place where there are many fat beasts. Here the natives were met 
with in large numbers, but they were gentle and kind, and having spent 
some time with them, LaSalle determined to erect another fort in that 
place, for he had heard rumors that some of the adjoining tribes were 
trying to disturb the good feeling which existed, and some of his men 
were disposed to complain, owing to the hardships and perils of the travel. 
He called this fort " Crevecoeur'' (broken-heart), a name expressive of the 
very natural sorrow and anxiety which the pretty certain loss of his ship, 
Griffin, and his consequent impoverishment, the danger of hostility on the 
part of the Indians, and of mutiny among his own men, might well cause 
him. His fears were not entirely groundless. At one time poison was 
placed in his food, but fortunately was discovered. 

While building this fort, the Winter wore away, the prairies began to 
look green, and LaSalle, despairing of any reinforcements, concluded to 
return to Canada, raise new means and new men, and embark anew in 
the enterprise. For this purpose he made Hennepin the leader of a party 
to explore the head waters of the Mississippi, and he set out on his jour- 
ney. This journey was accomplished with the aid of a few persons, and 
was successfully made, though over an almost unknown route, and in a 
bad season of the year. He safely reached Canada, and set out again for 
the object of his search. 

Hennepin and his party left Fort Crevecoeur on the last of February, 
1680. When LaSalle reached this place on his return expedition, he 
found the fort entirely deserted, and he was obliged to return again to 
Canada. He embarked the third time, and succeeded. Seven days after 
leaving the fort, Hennepin reached the Mississippi, and paddling up the 
icy stream as best he could, reached no higher than the Wisconsin River 
by the 11th of April. Here he and his followers were taken prisoners by a 
band of Northern Indians, who treated them with great kindness. Hen- 
nepin's comrades were Anthony Auguel and Michael Ako. On this voy- 
age they found several beautiful lakes, and ''saw some charming prairies." 
Their captors were the Isaute or Sauteurs, Chippewas, a tribe of the Sioux 
nation, who took them up the river until about the first of May, when 
they reached some falls, which Hennepin christened Falls of St. Anthony 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



27 



in honor of his patron saint. Here they took the land, and traveling 
nearly two hundred miles to the northwest, brought them to their villages. 
Here they were kept about three months, were treated kindly by their 
captors, and at the end of that time, were met by a band of Frenchmen 




BUFFALO HUNT. 

headed by one Seur de Luth, who, in pursuit of trade and game, had pene- 
trated thus far by the route of Lake Superior; and with these fellow- 
countrymen Hennepin and his companions were allowed to return to the 
borders of civilized life in November, 1680, just after LaSalle had 
returned to the wilderness on his second trip. Hennepin soon after went 
to France, where he published an account of his adventures. 



28 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

The Mississippi was first discovered by De Soto in April, 1541, in his 
vain endeavor to find gold and precioas gems. In the following Spring, 
De Soto, wear}^ ^yith hope long deferred, and worn out with his wander- 
ings, he fell a victim to disease, and on the 21st of May died. His followers, 
reduced by fatigue and disease to less than three hundred men, wandered 
about the country nearly a year, in the vain endeavor to rescue them- 
selves by land, and finally constructed seven small vessels, called brigan- 
tines, in which they embarked, and descending the river, supposing it 
would lead them to the sea, in July they came to the sea (Gulf of 
Mexico), and by September reached the Island of Cuba. 

They were the first to see the great outlet of the Mississippi ; but, 
being so weary and discouraged, made no attemj)t to claim the country, 
and hardly had an intelligent idea of what they had passed through. 

To La Salle, the intrepid explorer, belongs the honor of giving the 
first account of the mouths of the river. His great desire was to possess 
this entire country for his king, and in January, 1682, he and his band of 
explorers left the shores of Lake Michigan on their third attempt, crossed 
the portage, passed down the Illinois River, and on the 6th of February, 
reached the banks of the Mississippi. 

On the 13th they commenced their downward course, which they 
pursued with but one interruption, until upon the 6th of March they dis- 
covered the three great passages by which the river discharges its waters 
into the gulf. La Salle thus narrates the event : 

" We landed on the bank of the most western channel, about three 
leagues (nine miles) from its mouth. On the seventh, M. de LaSalle 
went to reconnoiter the shores of the neighboring sea, and M. de Tonti 
meanwhile examined the great middle channel. They found the main 
outlets beautiful, large and deep. On the 8th we reascended the river, a 
little above its confluence with the sea, to find a dry place beyond t-he 
reach of inundations. The elevation of the North Pole was here about 
twenty-seven degrees. Here we prepared a column and a cross, and to 
the column were affixed the arms of France with this inscription : 

Louis Le Grand, Roi De France et de Navarre, regne ; Le neuvieme Avril, 16S2. 

The whole party, under arms, chanted the Te Dcum, and then, after 
a salute and cries of " Vive le Roi," the column was erected by M. de 
La Salle, who, standing near it, proclaimed in a loud voice the authority of 
the King of France. LaSalle returned and laid the foundations of the Mis- 
sissippi settlements in Illinois, thence he proceeded to France, where 
another expedition was fitted out, of which he was commander, and in two 
succeeding voyages failed to find the outlet of the river by sailing along 
the shore of the gulf. On his third voyage he was killed, through the 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



29 



treachery of his followers, and the object of his expeditions was not 
accomplished until IGOO, when D"Il)erville, nnder the authority of the 
crown, discovered, on tlie second of March, by way of the sea, the mouth 
of the " Hidden River." This majestic stream Avas called by the natives 
*' Malbouchia,'' and by the Spaniards, ''la Palissade;' from the great 



'Y ^ f 
A- ^' \\y 




TRAPPING. 

number of trees about its mouth. After traversing the several outlets, 
and satisfying himself as to its certainty, he erected a fort near its western 
outlet, and returned to France. 

An^ avenue of trade was now opened out which was fully improved. 
In 1718, New Orleans was laid out and settled by some European colo- 
nists. In 1762, the colony was made over to Spain, to be regained by 
France under the consulate of Napoleon. In 1803, it was purchased by 



30 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

the United States for the sum of fifteen million dollars, and the territory 
of Louisiana and commerce of the Mississippi River came under the 
charge of the United States. Although LaSalle's labors ended in defeat 
and death, he had not worked and suffered in vain. He had thrown 
open to France and the world an immense and most valuable country ; 
had established several ports, and laid the foundations of more than one 
settlement there. " Peoria, Kaskaskia and Cahokia, are to this day monu- 
ments of LaSalle's labors ; for, though he had founded neither of them 
(unless Peoria, which was built nearly upon the site of Fort Crevecoeur,) 
it was by those whom he led into the West that these places were 
peopled and civilized. He was, if not the discoverer, the first settler of 
the Mississippi Valley, and as such deserves to be known and honored." 

The French early improved the opening made for them. Before the 
year 1698, the Rev. Father Gravier began a mission among the Illinois, 
and founded Kaskaskia. For some time this was merely a missionary 
station, where none but natives resided, it being one of three such vil- 
lages, the other two being Cahokia and Peoria. Wliat is known of 
these missions is learned from a letter written by Father Gabriel Marest, 
dated " Aux Cascaskias, autrement dit de I'lmmaculate Conception de 
la Sainte Vierge, le 9 Novembre, 1712." Soon after the founding of 
Kaskaskia, the missionary, Pinet, gathered a flock at Cahokia, while 
Peoria arose near the ruins of Fort Crevecoeur. This must have been 
about the year 1700. The post at Vincennes on the Oubache river, 
(pronounced Wa-ba, meaning summer cloud movlm/ swiftly) was estab- 
lished in 1702, according to the best authorities.* It is altogether prob- 
able that on LaSalle's last trip he established the stations at Kaskaskia 
and Cahokia. In July, 1701, the foundations of Fort Ponchartrain 
were laid by De la Motte Cadillac on the Detroit River. These sta- 
tions, with those established further north, were the earliest attempts to 
occupy the Northwest Territory. At the same time efforts were being 
made to occupy the Southwest, which finally culminated in the settle- 
ment and founding of the City of New Orleans by a colony from England 
in 1718. This was mainly accomplished through the efforts of the 
famous Mississippi Company, established by the notorious John Law, 
who so quickly arose into prominence in France, and Avho witli his 
scheme so quickly and so ignominiously passed away. 

From the time of the founding of these stations for fifty years the 
French nation were engrossed with the settlement of the lower Missis- 
sippi, and the war with the Chicasaws, who had, in revenge for repeated 

* There is consideralfle dispute about this date, some asserting it was founded as late as 1742. Wlieu 
the new cnurt Iiouse at Vincennes was erected, all autliorities o:i tlie subject were carefully examined, and 
• ('0:^ fixed upon as the correct date. It was accordingly engraved on the corner-stone of the court house. 



THE NORTHWEST TEERITORY. 31 

injuries, cut off the entire colony at Natchez. Although the company 
did little for Louisiana, as the entire West was then called, yet it opened 
the trade through the Mississippi River, and started the raising of grains 
indigenous to that climate. Until the year 1750, but little is known of 
the settlements in the Northwest, as it was not until tliis time that the 
attention of the English Avas called to the occupation of this portion of the 
New "World, which they then supposed they owned. Vivier, a missionary 
among the Illinois, writing from " Aux Illinois," six leagues from Fort 
Chartres, June 8, 1750, says: "We have here whites, negroes and 
Indians, to say nothing of cross-breeds. There are five French villages, 
and three villages of the natives, within a space of twenty-one leagues 
situated between the Mississippi and another river called the Karkadaid 
(Kaskaskias). In the five French villages are, perhaps, eleven hundred 
whites, three hundred blacks and some sixty red slaves or savages. The 
three Illinois towns do not contain more than eight hundred souls all 
told. Most of the French till the soil; they raise wheat, cattle, pigs and 
horses, and live like princes. Three times as much is produced as can 
be consumed; and great quantities of grain and flour are sent to New 
Orleans." This city was now the seaport town of the Northwest, and 
save in the extreme northern part, where only furs and copper ore were 
found, almost all the products of the country found their way to France 
by the mouth of the Father of Waters. In another letter, dated Novem- 
ber 7, 1750, this same priest says : " For fifteen leagues above the 
mouth of the Mississippi one sees no dwellings, the ground being too low 
to be habitable. Thence to New Orleans, the lands are only partially 
occupied. New Orleans contains black, white and red, not more, I 
think, than twelve hundred persons. To this point come all lumber, 
bricks, salt-beef, tallow, tar, skins and bear's grease ; and above all, pork 
and flour from the Illinois. These things create some commerce, as forty 
vessels and more have come hither this year. Above New Orleans, 
plantations are again met with ; the most considerable is a colony of 
Germans, some ten leagues up the river. At Point Coupee, thirty-five 
leagues above the German settlement, is a fort. Along here, within five 
or six leagues, are not less than sixty habitations. Fifty leagues farther 
up is the Natchez post, where we have a garrison, who are kept prisoners 
through fear of tlie Chickasaws. Here and at Point Coupee, they raise 
excellent tobacco. Another hundred leagues brings us to the Arkansas, 
where we have also a fort and a garrison for the benefit of the river 
traders. * * * From the Arkansas to the Illinois, nearly five hundred 
leagues, there is not a settlement. There should be, however, a fort at 
the Oubache (Ohio), the only path by which the English can reach the 
Mississippi. In the Illinois country are numberless mines, but no one to 



32 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



work them as they deserve."" Father Marest, writing from the post at 
Vincennes in 181 2, makes the same observation. Yivier also says : " Some 
individuals dig lead near the surface and supply the Indians and Canada. 
Two Spaniards now here, who claim to be adepts, say that our mines are 
like those of Mexico, and that if we would dig deeper, we should find 
silver under the lead ; and at any rate the lead is excellent. There is also 
in this country, beyond doubt, copper ore, as from time to time large 
pieces are found in the streams." 







/r/CKCK' 



HUNTING. 



At the close of the year IToO, the French occupied, in addition lo the 
lower Mississippi posts and those in Illinois, one at Du Quesne, one at 
the Maumee in the country of the Miamis, and one at Sandusky in v.hat 
may be termed the Ohio Valley. In the northern part of the Nortliwest 
they had stations at St. Jose])h's on the St. Joseph's of Lake INIichigan, 
at Fort Ponchartrain (Detroit), at Michillimackanac or Massillimacanac, 
Fox River of Green Bay, and at Sault Ste. Marie. The fondest dreams of 
LaSalle were now fully realized. The French alone were possessors of 
this vast realm, basing their claim on discovery and settlement. Another 
nation, however, was now turning its attention to this extensive country. 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 33 

and hearing of its wealth, began to lay plans for occupying it and for 
securing the great profits arising therefrom. 

The French, however, had another claim to this country, namely, the 



DISCOVERY OF THE OHIO. 

This " Beautiful " river was discovered by Robert Cavalier de La- 
Salle in 1669, four years before the discovery of the Mississippi by Joliet 
and Marquette. 

While LaSalle was at his trading post on the St. Lawrence, he found 
leisure to study nine Indian dialects, the chief of which was the Iroquois. 
He not only desired to facilitate his intercourse in trade, but he longed 
to travel and explore the unknown regions of the West. An incident 
soon occurred which decided him to fit out an exploring expedition. 

While conversing with some Senecas, he learned of a river called the- 
Ohio, which rose in their country and flowed to the sea, but at such a. 
distance that it required eight months to reach its mouth. In this state- 
ment the Mississippi and its tributaries were considered as one stream. 
LaSalle believing, as most of the French at that period did, that the great 
rivers flowing west emptied into the Sea of California, was anxious to 
embark in the enterprise of discovering a route across the continent to 
the commerce of China and Japan. 

He repaired at once to Quebec to obtain the approval of the Gov- 
ernor. His eloquent appeal prevailed. The Governor and the Intendant, 
Talon, issued letters patent authorizing the enterprise, but made no pro- 
vision to defray the expenses. At this juncture the seminary of St. Sid- 
pice decided to send out missionaries in connection with the expedition, 
and LaSalle offering to sell his improvements at LaChine to raise money, 
the offer was accepted by the Superior, and two thousand eight hundred 
dollars were raised, with which LaSalle purchased four canoes and the 
necessary supplies for the outfit. 

On the 6th of Jal3% 1669, the party, numbering twenty-four persons, 
embarked in seven canoes on the St. Lawrence ; two additional canoes 
carried the Indian guides. In three days they were gliding over the 
bosom of Lake Ontario. Their guides conducted them directly to the 
Seneca village on the bank of the Genesee, in the vicinity of the present 
City of Rochester, New York. Here they expected to procure guides to 
conduct them to the Ohio, but in this they were disappointed. 

The Indians seemed unfriendl}- to the enterprise. LaSalle suspected 
that the Jesuits had prejudiced their minds against his plans. After 
waiting a month in the hope of gaining their object, they met an Indian 



84 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



from the Iroquois colony at the head of Lake Ontario, who assured them 
that they could there find guides, and offered to conduct them thence. 

On their way they passed the mouth of the Niagara River, when they 
heard for the first time the distant thunder of the cataract. Arriving 




among the Iroquois, they met with a friendly reception, and learned 
from a Shawanee prisoner that they could reach the Ohio in six weeks. 
Delighted with the unexpected good fortune, they made ready to resume 
their journey ; but just as they were about to start they heard of the 
arrival of two Frenchmen in a neighboring village. One of them proved 
to be Louis Joliet, afterwards famous as an explorer in the West. He 







W^*"'^i'i«, 




IV. 



V^^^ 




COFFmg'GROVE TP 



A 




THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 35 

had been sent by the Canadian Government to explore the copper mhies 
on Lake Superior, but had failed, and was on his way back to Quebec. 
He gave the missionaries a map of the country lie had explored in the 
lake region, together with an account of the condition of the Indians in 
that quarter. This induced the priests to determine on leaving the 
expedition and going to Lake Superior. LaSalle warned them that the 
Jesuits were probably occupying that field, and that they would meet 
with a cold reception. Nevertheless they persisted in their purpose, and 
after worship on the lake shore, parted from LaSalle. On arriving at 
Lake Superior, they found, as LaSalle had predicted, the Jesuit Fathers, 
Marquette and Dablon, occupying the field. 

These zealous disciples of Loyola informed them that they wanted 
no assistance from St. Sulpice, nor from those who made him their patron 
saint ; and thus repulsed, they returned to Montreal the following June 
without having made a single discovery or converted a single Indian. 

After parting with the priests, LaSalle went to the chief Iroquois 
village at Onondaga, where he obtained guides, and passing thence to a 
tributary of the Ohio south of Lake Erie, he descended the latter as far 
as the falls at Louisville. Thus was the Ohio discovered by LaSalle, the 
persevering and successful French explorer of the West, in 1669. 

The account of the latter part of his journey is found in an anony- 
mous paper, which purports to have been taken from the Yips of LaSalle 
himself during a subsequent visit to Paris. In a letter written to Count 
Frontenac in 1667, shortly after the discovery, he himself says that he 
discovered the Ohio and descended it to the falls. This was regarded as 
an indisputable fact by the French authorities, who claimed the Ohio 
Valley upon another ground. When Washington was sent by the colony 
of Virginia in 1753, to demand of Gordeur de St. Pierre why the French 
had built a fort on the Monongahela, the haughty commandant at Quebec 
replied : " We claim the country on the Ohio by virtue of the discoveries 
of LaSalle, and will not give it up to the English. Our orders are to 
make prisoners of every Englishman found trading in the Ohio Valley." 



ENGLISH EXPLORATIONS AND SETTLEMENTS. 

When the new year of 1750 broke in upon the Father of Waters 
and the Great Northwest, all was still wild save at the French posts 
already described. In 1749, when the English first began to think seri- 
ously about sending men into the West, the greater portion of the States 
of Indiana, Ohio, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota were yet 
under the dominion of the red men. The English knew, however, pretty 



36 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

conclusively of the nature of the wealth of these wilds. As early as 
1710, Governor Spotswood, of Virginia, had commenced movements to 
secure the country west of the AUeghenies to the English crown. In 
Pennsylvania, Governor Keith and James Logan, secretary of the prov- 
ince, from 1719 to 1731, represented to the powers of England the neces- 
sity of securing the Western lands. Nothing was done, however, b}^ that 
power save to take some diplomatic steps to secure the claims of Britain 
to this unexplored wilderness. 

England had from the outset claimed from the Atlantic to the Pacific, 
on the ground that the discovery of the seacoast and its possession was a 
discovery and possession of the country, and, as is well known, her grants 
to the colonies extended " from sea to sea." This was not all her claim. 
She had purchased from the Indian tribes large tracts of land. This lat- 
ter was also a strong argument. As early as 1684, Lord Howard, Gov- 
ernor of Virginia, held a treaty with the six nations. These were the 
great Northern Confederacy, and comprised at first the Mohawks, Onei- 
das, Onondagas, Cayugas, and Senecas. Afterward the Tuscaroras were 
taken into the confederacy, and it became known as the Six Nations. 
They came under the protection of the mother country, and again in 
1701, they repeated the agreement, and in September, 1726, a formal deed 
was drawn up and signed by the chiefs. The validity of this claim has 
often been disputed, but never successfully. In 1744, a purchase was 
made at Lancaster, Pennsylvania, of certain lands within the " Colony of 
Virginia," for which the Indians received <£200 in gold and a like sum in 
goods, with a promise that, as settlements increased, more should be paid. 
The Commissioners from Virginia were Colonel Thomas Lee and Colonel 
William Beverly. As settlements extended, the promise of more pay was 
called to mind, and Mr. Conrad Weiser was sent across the mountains with 
presents to appease the savages. Col. Lee, and some Virginians accompa- 
nied him with the intention of sounding the Indians upon their feelings 
regarding the English. They were not satisfied with their treatment, 
and plainly told the Commissioners why. The English did not desire the 
cultivation of the country, but the monopoly of the Indian trade. In 
1748, the Ohio Company was formed, and petitioned the king for a grant 
of land beyond the AUeghenies. This was granted, and the government 
of Virginia was ordered to grant to them a half million acres, two hun- 
dred thousand of which were to be located at once. Upon the 12th of 
June, 1749, 800,000 acres from the line of Canada north and west was 
made to the Loyal Company, and on the 29th of October, 1751, 100,000 
acres were given to the Greenbriar Company. All this time the French 
were not idle. They saw that, should the British gain a foothold in the 
West, especially upon the Ohio, they might not only prevent the French 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 37 

settling upon it, but in time would come to the lower posts and so gain 
possession of the whole country. Upon the 10th of May, 1774, Vaud- 
reuil, Governor of Canada and the French possessions, well knowing the 
consequences that must arise from allowing the English to build trading- 
posts in the Northwest, seized some of their frontier posts, and to further 
secure the claim of the French to the West, he, in 1749, sent Louis Cel- 
eron with a party of soldiers to plant along the Ohio River, in the mounds 
and at the mouths of its principal tributaries, plates of lead, on which 
were inscribed the claims of France. These were heard of in 1752, and 
within the memory of residents now living along the " Oyo," as the 
beautiful river was called by the French. One of these plates was found 
with the inscription partly defaced. It bears date August 16, 1749, and 
a copy of the inscription with particular account of the discovery of the 
plate, was sent by DeWitt Clinton to the American Antiquarian Society, 
among whose journals it may now be found.* These measures did not, 
however, deter the English from going on with their explorations, and 
though neither party resorted to arms, yet the conflict was gathering, and 
it was only a question of time when the storm would burst upon the 
frontier settlements. In 1750, Christopher Gist was sent by the Ohio 
Company to examine its lands. He went to a village of the Twigtwees, 
on the Miami, about one hundred and fifty miles above its mouth. He 
afterward spoke of it as very populous. From there he went down 
the Ohio River nearly to the falls at the present City of Louisville, 
and in November he commenced a survey of the Company's lands. Dur- 
ing the Winter, General Andrew Lewis performed a similar work for the 
Greenbriar Company. Meanwhile the French were busy in preparing 
their forts for defense, and in opening roads, and also sent a small party 
of soldiers to keep the Ohio clear. This party, having heard of the Eng- 
lish post on the Miami River, early in 1652, assisted by the Ottawas and 
Chippewas, attacked it, and, after a severe battle, in which fourteen of 
the natives were killed and others wounded, captured the garrison. 
(They were probably garrisoned in a block house). The traders were 
carried away to Canada, and one account says several were burned. This 
fort or post was called by the English Pickawillany. A memorial of the 
king's ministers refers to it as " Pickawillanes, in the center of the terri- 
tory between the Ohio and the Wabash. The name is probably some 
variation of Pickaway or Picqua in 1773, written by Rev. David Jones 
Pickaweke." 

* The following is a translation of the inscription on the plate: "In the year 1749, reign of Lonis XV., 
King of France, we, Celeron, commandant of a detachment by Monsieur the Marquis of Gallisoniere, com- 
mander-in-chief of New France, to establish tranquility in certain Indian villages of these cantons, have 
buried this plate at the confluence of the Toradakoin, this twenty- ninth of July, near the river Ohio, otherwise 
Beautiful River, as a monument of renewal of possession which we have taken of the said river, and all its 
tributaries; inasmuch as the preceding Kings of France have enjoyed it, and maintained it by their arms and 
treaties; especially by those of Ryswick, Utrecht, and Aix La Chapelle." 



88 THE NORTHWEST TERRITOEZ. 

This was the first blood shed between the French and English, and 
occurred near the present City of Piqua, Ohio, or at least at a point about 
fortv-seven miles north of Dayton. Each nation became now more inter- 
ested in the progress of events in the Northwest. The English deter- 
mined to purchase from the Indians a title to the lands they wished to 
occupy, and Messrs. Fry (afterward Commander-in-chief over Washing- 
ton at the commencement of the French War of 1775-1763), Lomax and 
Patton were sent in the Spring of 1752 to hold a conference with the 
natives at Logstown to learn what they objected to in the treaty of Lan- 
caster already noticed, and to settle all difficulties. On the 9th of June, 
these Commissioners met the red men at Logstown, a little village on the 
north bank of the Ohio, about seventeen miles below the site of Pitts- 
burgh. Here had been a trading point for many years, but it was aban- 
doned by the Indians in 1750. At first the Indians declined to recognize 
the treaty of Lancaster, but, the Commissioners taking aside Montour, 
the interpreter, who was a son of the famous Catharine Montour, and a 
chief among the six nations, induced him to use his influence in their 
favor. This he did, and upon the loth of June they all united in signing 
a deed, confirming the Lancaster treaty in its full extent, consenting to a 
settlement of the southeast of the Ohio, and guaranteeing tliat it should 
not be disturbed by them. These were the means used to obtain the first 
treaty with the Indians in the Ohio Valley. 

Meanwhile the powers beyond the sea were trj^ing to out-manoeuvre 
each other, and were professing to be at peace. The English generally 
outwitted the Indians, and failed in many instances to fulfill their con- 
tracts. They thereby gained the ill-will of the red men, and further 
increased the feeling by failing to provide them with arms and ammuni- 
tion. Said an old chief, at Easton, in 1758 : " The Indians on the Ohio 
left you because of your own fault. When we heard the French were 
coming, we asked you for help and arms, but we did not get them. The 
French came, they treated us kindly, and gained our affections. The 
Governor of Virginia settled on our lands for his own benefit, and, when 
we wanted help, forsook us." 

At the beginning of 1653, the English thought they had secured by 
title the lands in the West, but the French had quietly gathered cannon 
and military stores to be in readiness for the expected blow. The Eng- 
lish made other attempts to ratify these existing treaties, but not until 
the Summer could the Indians be gathered together to discuss the plans 
of the French. They had sent messages to the French, warning them 
away ; but they replied that they intended to complete the chain of forts 
already begun, and would not abandon the field. 

Soon after this, no satisfaction being obtained from tlie Ohio regard- 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 39' 

ing the positions and purposes of the French, Governor Dinwiddie of 
Virginia determined to send to them another messenger and learn from 
them, if possible, their intentions. For this purpose he selected a young 
man, a surveyor, who, at the early age of nineteen, had received the rank 
of major, and who was thoroughly posted regarding frontier life. This 
personage was no other than tlie illustrious George Washington, who then 
held considerable interest in Western lands. He was at this time just 
twenty-two years of age. Taking Gist as his guide, the two, accompanied 
by four servitors, set out on their perilous march. Tliey left Will's 
Creek on the 10th of November, 1753, and on the 2"2d reached the Monon- 
gahela, about ten miles above the fork. From there thej^ went to 
Logstown, where Washington had a long conference with the chiefs of 
the Six Nations. From them he learned the condition of the French, and 
also heard of their determination not to come down tlie river till the fol- 
lowing Spring. The Indians were non-committal, as they were afraid to 
turn either way, and, as far as they could, desired to remain neutral. 
Washington, finding nothing could be done with them, went on to 
Venango, an old Indian town at the mouth of French Creek. Here the 
Frencli had a fort, called Fort Machault. Through the rum and flattery 
of the French, he nearly lost all his Indian followers. Finding nothing 
of importance here, he pursued his way amid great privations, and on the 
11th of December reached the fort at the head of French Creek. Here 
he delivered Governor Dinwiddie's letter, received his answer, took his 
observations, and on the 16tli set out upon his return .journey with no one 
but Gist, his guide, and a few Indians who still remained true to him, 
notwithstanding the endeavors of the French to retain them. Their 
homeward journey was one of great peril and suffering from the cold, yet 
they reached home in sa,fety on the 6th of January, 1754. 

From the letter of St. Pierre, commander of the French fort, sent by 
Washington to Governor Dinwiddie, it was learned that the French would 
not give up without a struggle. Active preparations were at once made 
in all the Englisli colonies for the coming conflict, while the French 
finished the fort at Venango and strengthened their lines of fortifications, 
and gathered their forces to be in readiness. 

The Old Dominion was all alive. Virginia was the center of great 
activities ; volunteers were called for, and from all the neighboring 
colonies men rallied to the conflict, and everywhere along tlie Potomac 
men were enlisting under the Governor's proclamation — which promised 
two hundred thousand acres on the Ohio. Along this river they were 
gathering as far as Will's Creek, and far beyond this point, whither Trent 
had come for assistance for his little band of forty-one men, who were 



40 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

working away in hunger and want, to fortify that point at the fork of 
the Ohio, to which both parties were looking with deep interest. 

" The first birds of Spring filled the air with their song ; the swift 
river rolled by the Allegheny hillsides, swollen by the melting snows of 
Spring and the April showers. The leaves were appearing ; a few Indian 
scouts were seen, but no enemy seemed near at hand ; and all was so quiet, 
that Frazier, an old Indian scout and trader, who had been left by Trent 
in command, ventured to his home at the mouth of Turtle Creek, ten 
miles up the Monongahela. Bat, though all was so quiet in that wilder- 
ness, keen eyes had seen the low intrenchment rising at the fork, and 
swift feet had borne the news of it up the river ; and upon the morning 
of the 17th of April, Ensign Ward, who then had charge of it, saw 
upon the Allegheny a sight that made his heart sink — sixty batteaux and 
three hundred canoes filled with men, and laden deep with cannon and 
stores. * * * That evening he supped with his captor, Contrecoeur, 
and the next day he was bowed off by the Frenchman, and with his men 
and tools, marched up the Monongahela." 

The French and Indian war had begun. The treaty of Aix la 
Chapelle, in 1748, had left the boundaries between the French and 
English possessions unsettled, and the events already narrated show the 
French were determined to hold the country watered by the Mississippi 
and its tributaries ; while the English laid claims to the country by virtue 
of the discoveries of the Cabots, and claimed all the country from New- 
foundland to Florida, extending from the Atlantic to the Pacific. The 
first decisive blow had now been struck, and the first attempt of the 
English, through the Ohio Company, to occupy these lands, had resulted 
disastrously to them. The French and Indians immediately completed 
the fortifications begun at the Fork, which they had so easily captured, 
and when completed gave to the fort the name of DuQuesne. Washing- 
ton was at Will's Creek when the news of the capture of the fort arrived. 
He at once departed to recapture it. On his way he entrenched him- 
self at a place called the " Meadows," where he erected a fort called 
by him Fort Necessity. From there he surprised and captured a force of 
French and Indians marching against him, but was soon after attacked 
in his fort by a much superior force, and was obliged to yield on the 
morning of July 4th. He was allowed to return to Virginia. 

The English Government immediately planned four campaigns ; one 
against Fort DuQuesne ; one against Nova Scotia ; one against Fort 
Niagara, and one against Crown Point. These occurred during 1755-6, 
and were not successful in driving the French from their possessions. 
The expedition against Fort DuQuesne was led by the famous General 
Braddock, who, refusing to listen to the advice of Washington and those 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 41 

acquainted with Indian warfare, suffered such an inglorious defeat. This 
occurred on the morning of July 9th, and is generally known as the battle 
of Monongahela, or " Braddock's Defeat." The war continued with 
various vicissitudes through the years 1756-7 ; when, at the commence- 
ment of 1758, in accordance with the plans of William Pitt, then Secre- 
tary of State, afterwards Lord Chatham, active preparations were made to 
carry on the war. Three expeditions were planned for this year : one, 
under General Amherst, against Louisburg ; another, under Abercrombie, 
against Fort Ticonderoga ; and a third, under General Forbes, against 
Fort DuQuesne. On the 26th of July, Louisburg surrendered after a 
desperate resistance of more than forty days, and the eastern part of the 
Canadian possessions fell into the hands of the British. Abercrombie 
captured Fort Frontenac, and when the expedition against Fort DuQuesne, 
of which Washington had the active command, arrived there, it was 
found in flames and deserted. The English at once took possession, 
rebuilt the fort, and in honor of their illustrious statesman, changed the 
name to Fort Pitt. 

The great object of the campaign of 1759, was the reduction of 
Canada. General Wolfe was to lay siege to Quebec ; Amherst was to 
reduce Ticonderoga and Crown Point, and General Prideaux was to 
capture Niagara. This latter place was taken in July, but the gallant 
Prideaux lost his life in the attempt. Amherst captured Ticonderoga 
and Crown Point without a blow ; and Wolfe, after making the memor- 
able ascent to the Plains of Abraham, on September 13th, defeated 
Montcalm, and on the 18th, the city capitulated. In this engagement 
Montcolm and Wolfe both lost their lives. De Levi, Montcalm's successor, 
marched to Sillery, three miles above the city, with the purpose of 
defeating the English, and there, on the 28th of the following April, was 
fought one of the bloodiest battles of the French and Indian War. It 
resulted in the defeat of the French, and the fall of the City of Montreal. 
The Governor signed a capitulation by which the whole of Canada was 
surrendered to the English. This practically concluded the war, but it 
was not until 1763 that the treaties of peace between France and England 
were signed. This was done on the 10th of February of that year, and 
under its provisions all the country east of the Mississippi and north of 
the Iberville River, in Louisiana, were ceded to England. At the same 
time Spain ceded Florida to Great Britain. 

On the loth of September, 1760, Major Robert Rogers was sent 
from Montreal to take charge of Detroit, the only remaining French post 
in the territory. He arrived there on the 19th of November, and sum- 
moned the place to surrender. At first the commander of the post, 
Beletre refused, but on the 29th, hearing of the continued defeat of the 



42 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

French arms, surrendered. Rogers remained there until December 23d 
under the personal protection of the celebrated chief, Pontiac, to whom, 
no doubt, he owed his safety. Pontiac had come here to inquire the 
purposes of the English in taking possession of the country. He was 
assured that they came simply to trade with the natives, and did not 
desire their country. Tliis answer conciliated the savages, and did much 
to insure the safety of Rogers and his party during their stay, and while 
on their journey home. 

Rogers set out for Fort Pitt on December 23, and was just one 
month on the way. His route was from Detroit to Maumee, thence 
across the present State of Ohio directly to the fort. This was the com- 
mon trail of the Indians in their journeys from Sandusky to the fork of 
the Ohio. It went from Fort Sandusky, where Sandusky City now is, 
crossed the Huron river, then called Bald Eagle Creek, to " Mohickon 
John's Town" on Mohickon Creek, the northern branch of White 
Woman's River, and thence crossed to Beaver's Town, a Delaware town 
on what is now Sandy Creek. At Beaver's Town were probably one 
hundred and fifty warriors, and not less than three thousand acres of 
cleared land. From there the track went up Sandy Creek to and across 
Big Beaver, and up the Ohio to Logstown, thence on to the fork. 

The Northwest Territory was now entirely under the English rule. 
New settlements began to be rapidly made, and the promise of a large 
trade was speedily manifested. Had the British carried out their promises 
with the natives none of those savage butcheries would have been perpe- 
trated, and the country would have been spared their recital. 

The renowned chief, Pontiac, was one of the leading spirits in these 
atrocities. We will now pause in our narrative, and notice the leading 
events in his life. The earliest authentic information regarding this 
noted Indian chief is learned from an account of an Indian trader named 
Alexander Henry, who, in the Spring of 1761, penetrated his domains as 
far as Missillimacnac. Pontiac was then a great friend of the French, 
but a bitter foe of the English, whom he considered as encroaching on his 
hunting grounds. Henry was obliged to disguise himself as a Canadian 
to insure safety, but was discovered by Pontiac, who bitterly reproached 
him and the English for their attempted subjugation of the West. He 
declared that no treaty had been made with them; no presents sent 
them, and that he would resent any possession of the West by that nation. 
He was at the time about fifty years of age, tall and dignified, and was 
civil and military ruler of the Ottawas, Ojibwas and Pottawatamies. 

The Indians, from Lake Michigan to the borders of North Carolina, 
were united in this feeling, and at the time of the treaty of Paris, ratified 
February 10, 1763, a general conspiracy was formed to fall suddenly 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



43 




PONTIAC, THE OTTAWA CHIEFTAIN. 



44 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

upon the frontier British posts, and Avith one blow strike every man dead. 
Pontiac was the marked leader in all this, and was the commander 
of the Chippewas, Ottawas, Wyandots, Miamis, Shawanese, Delawares 
and INIingoes, whohad, for the time, laid aside their local quarrels to unite 
in this enterprise. 

The blow came, as near as can now be ascertained, on May 7, 176:-. 
Nine British posts fell, and the Indians drank, "• scooped up in the hollow 
of joined hands," the blood of many a Briton. 

Pontiac's immediate field of action was the garrison at Detroit. 
Here, however, the plans were frustrated by an Indian woman disclosing 
the plot the evening previous to his arrival^ Everything was carried out, 
however, according to Pontiac's plans until the moment of action, when 
Major Gladwyn, the commander of the post, stepping to one of the Indian 
chiefs, suddenly drew aside his blanket and disclosed the concealed 
musket. Pontiac, though a brave man, turned pale and trembled. He 
saw his plan was known, and that the garrison were prepared. He 
endeavored to exculpate himself from any such intentions ; but the guilt 
was evident, and he and his followers were dismissed with a severe 
reprimand, and warned never to again enter the walls of the post. 

Pontiac at once laid siege to the fort, and until the treaty of peace 
between the British and the Western Indians, concluded in August, 1764, 
continued to harass and besiege the fortress. He organized a regular 
commissariat department, issued bills of credit written out on bark, 
which, to his credit, it may be stated, were punctually redeemed. At 
the conclusion of the treaty, in which it seems he took no part, he went 
further south, living many years among the Illinois. 

He had given up all hope of saving his country and race. After a 
time he endeavored to unite the Illinois tribe and those about St. Louis 
in a war with the whites. His efforts were fruitless, and only ended in a 
quarrel between himself and some Kaskaskia Indians, one of whom soon 
afterwards killed him. His death was, however, avenged by the northern 
Indians, who nearly exterminated the Illinois in the wars which followed. 

Had it not been for the treachery of a few of his followers, his plan 
for the extermination of the whites, a masterly one, would undoubtedly 
have been carried out. 

It was in the Spring of the year following Rogers' visit that Alex- 
ander. Henry went to Missillimacnac, and everywhere found the strongest 
feelings against the English, who had not carried out their promises, and 
were doing nothing to conciliate the natives. Here he met the chief, 
Pontiac, who, after conveying to him in a speech the idea that their 
French father would awake soon and utterly destroy his enemies, said : 
*' Englishman, although you have conquered the French, you have not 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 45 

yet conquered us ! We are not your slaves! These lakes, these woods, 
these mountains, were left us by our ancestors. They are our inheritance, 
and we will part with tliem to none. Your nation supposes that we, like 
the white people, can not live without bread and pork and beef. But you 
ought to know that He, the Great Spirit and Master of Life, has provided 
food for lis upon these broad lakes and in these mountains." 

He then spoke of the fact that no treaty had been made with them, 
no presents sent them, and that he and his people were j^et for war. 
Such were the feelings of the Northwestern Indians immediately after 
the English took possession of their country. These feelings were no 
doubt encouraged by the Canadians and French, who hoped that yet the 
French arms might prevail. The treaty of Paris, however, gave to the 
English the right to this vast domain, and active preparations were going 
on to occupy it and enjoy its trade and emoluments. 

In 1762, France, by a secret treaty, ceded Louisiana to Spain, to pre- 
vent it falling into the hands of the English, who were becoming masters 
of the entire West. The next year the treaty of Paris, signed at Fon- 
tainbleau, gave to the English the domain of the country in question. 
Twenty years after, by the treaty of peace between the United States 
and England, that part of Canada lying south and west of the Great 
Lakes, comprehending a large territory which is the subject of these 
sketches, was acknowledged to be a portion of the United States ; and 
twenty years still later, in 1803, Louisiana was ceded by Spain b'ack to 
France, and by France sold to the United States. 

In the half century, from the building of the Fort of Crevecoeur by 
LaSalle, in 1680, up to the erection of Fort Chartres, many French set- 
tlements had been made in that quarter. These have already been 
noticed, being those at St. Vincent (Vincennes), Kohokia or Cahokia, 
Kaskaskia and Prairie du Rocher, on the American Bottom, a large tract 
of rich alluvial soil in Illinois, on the Mississippi, opposite the site of St. 
Louis. 

By the treaty of Paris, the regions east of the Mississippi, including 
all these and other towns of the Northwest, were given over to England ; 
but they do not appear to have been taken possession of until 1765, when 
Captain Stirling, in the name of the Majesty of England, established him- 
self at Fort Chartres bearing with him the proclamation of General Gage, 
dated December 30, 1764, which promised religious freedom to all Cath- 
olics who worshiped here, and a right to leave the country with their 
effects if they wished, or to remain with the privileges of Englishmen. 
It was shortly after the occupancy of the West by the British that the 
war with Pontiac opened. It is already noticed in the sketch of that 
chieftain. By it many a Briton lost his life, and many a frontier settle- 



46 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

ment in its infancy ceased to exist. This was not ended until the year 
1764, when, failing to capture Detroit, Niagara and Fort Pitt, his confed- 
eracy became disheartened, and, receiving no aid from the French, Pon- 
tiac abandoned the enterprise and departed to the Illinois, among whom 
he afterward lost his life. 

As soon as these difficulties were definitely settled, settlers began 
rapidly to survey the country and prepare for occupation. During the 
year 1770, a number of persons from Virginia and other British provinces 
explored and marked out nearly all the valuable lands on the Mononga- 
hela and along the banks of the Ohio as far as the Little Kanawha. This 
was followed by another exploring expedition, in which George Washing- 
ton was a party. The latter, accompanied by Dr. Craik, Capt. Crawford 
and others, on the 20th of October, 1770, descended the Ohio from Pitts- 
burgh to the mouth of the Kanawha ; ascended that stream about fourteen. 
miles, marked out several large tracts of land, shot several buffalo, which 
were then abundant in the Ohio Valley, and returned to the fort. 

Pittsburgh was at this time a trading post, about which was clus- 
tered a village of some twenty houses, inhabited by Indian traders. This 
same year, Capt. Pittman visited Kaskaskia arid its neighboring villages. 
He found there about sixty-five resident families, and at Cahokia only 
forty-five dwellings. At Fort Chartres was another small settlement, and 
at Detroit the garrison were quite prosperous and strong. For a year 
or two settlers continued to locate near some of these posts, generally 
Fort Pitt or Detroit, owing to the fears of the Indians, who still main- 
tained some feelings of hatred to the English. The trade from the posts 
was quite good, and from those in Illinois large quantities of pork and 
flour found their way to the New Orleans market. At this time the 
poHcy of the British Government was strongly opposed to the extension 
of the colonies west. In 1763, the King of England forbade, by royal 
proclamation, his colonial subjects from making a settlement beyond the 
sources of the rivers which fall into the Atlantic Ocean. At the instance 
of the Board of Trade, measures were taken to prevent the settlement 
without the limits prescribed, and to retain the commerce within easy 
reach of Great Britain. 

The commander-in-chief of the king's forces wrote in 1769 : " In liie 
course of a few years necessity will compel the colonists, should they 
extend their settlements west, to provide manufactures of some kind for 
themselves, and when all connection upheld by commerce with the mother 
country ceases, an independency in their government will soon follow." 

In accordance with this policy, Gov. Gage issued a proclamation 
in 1772, commanding the inhabitants of Vincennes to abandon their set- 
tlements and join some of the Eastern English colonies. To tliis they 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 47 

Strenuously objected, giving good reasons therefor, and were allowed to 
remain. The strong opposition to this policy of Great Britain led to its 
change, and to such a course as to gain the attachment of the French 
population. In December, 1773, influential citizens of Quebec petitioned 
the king for an extension of the boundary lines of that province, which 
was granted, and Parliament passed an act on June 2, 1774, extend- 
ing the boundary so as to include the territory lying within the present 
States of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois and Michigan. 

In consequence of the liberal policy pursued by the British Govern- 
ment toward the French settlers in the West, they were disposed to favor 
that nation in the war which soon followed with the colonies ; but the 
early alliance between France and America soon brought them to the side 
of the war for independence. 

In 1774, Gov. Dunmore, of Virginia, began to encourage emigration 
to the Western lands. He appointed magistrates at Fort Pitt under the 
pretense that the fort was under the government of that commonwealth. 
One of these justices, John Connelly, who possessed a tract of land in the 
Ohio Valley, gathered a force of men and garrisoned the fort, calling it 
Fort Dunmore. This and other parties were formed to select sites for 
settlements, and often came in conflict with the Indians, who yet claimed 
portions of the valley, and several battles followed. These ended in the 
famous battle of Kanawha in July, where the Indians were defeated and 
di iven across the Ohio. 

During the years 1775 and 1776, by the operations of land companies 
and the perseverance of individuals, several settlements were firmly estab- 
lished between the Alleghanies and the Ohio River, and western land 
speculators were busy in Illinois and on the Wabash. At a council held 
in Kaskaskia on July 5, 1773, an association of English traders, calling 
themselves the "• Illinois Land Company," obtained from ten chiefs of the 
Kaskaskia, Cahokia and Peoria tribes two large tracts of land lying on 
the east side of the Mississippi River south of the Illinois. In 1775, a mer- 
chant from the Illinois Country, named Viviat, came to Post Vincennes 
as the agent of the association called the " Wabash Land Company." On 
the 8th of October he obtained from eleven Piankeshaw chiefs, a deed for 
37,497,600 acres of land. This deed was signed by the grantors, attested 
by a number of the inhabitants of Vincennes, and afterward recorded in 
the office of a notary public at Kaskaskia. This and other land com- 
panies had extensive schemes for the colonization of the West ; but all 
were frustrated by the breaking out of the Revolution. On the 20th of 
April, 1780, the two companies named consolidated under the name of the 
" United Illinois and Wabash Land Company." They afterward made 



48 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

strenuous efforts to have these grants sanctioned by Congress, but all 
signally failed. 

When the War of the Revolution commenced, Kentucky was an unor- 
ganized country, though there were several settlements within her borders. 

In Hutchins' Topography of Virginia, it is stated that at that time 
" Kaskaskia contained 80 houses, and nearly 1,000 white and black in- 
habitants — the whites being a little the more numerous. Cahokia con- 
tains 50 houses and 300 white inhabitants, and 80 negroes. There were 
east of the Mississippi River, about the year 1771 " — when these observa- 
tions were made — " 300 white men capable of bearing arms, and 230 
negroes." 

From 1775 until the expedition of Clark, nothing is recorded and 
nothing known of these settlements, save what is contained in a report 
made by a committee to Congress in June, 1778. From it the following 
extract is made : 

"Near the mouth of the River Kaskaskia, there is a village which 
appears to have contained nearly eighty families from the beginning of 
the late revolution. There are twelve families in a small village at la. 
Prairie du Rochers, and near fifty families at the Kahokia Village. There 
are also four or five families at Fort Chartres and St. Philips, which is five 
miles further up the river." 

St. Louis had been settled in February, 1764, and at this time con- 
tained, including its neighboring towns, over six hundred whites and one 
hundred and fifty negroes. It must be remembered that all the country 
west of the Mississippi was now under French rule, and remained so until 
ceded again to Spain, its original owner, who afterwards sold it and the 
country including New Orleans to the United States. At Detroit there 
were, according to Capt. Carver, who was in the Northwest from 1766 ta 
1768, more than one hundred houses, and the river was settled for more 
than twenty miles, although poorly cultivated— the people being engaged 
in the Indian trade. This old town has a history, which we will here 
relate. 

It is the oldest town in the Northwest, having been founded by 
Antoine de Lamotte Cadillac, in 1701. It was laid out in the form of an 
oblong square, of two acres in length, and an acre and a half in width. 
As described by A. D. Frazer, who first visited it and became a permanent 
resident of the place, in 1778, it comprised within its limits that space 
between Mr. Palmer's store (Conant Block) and Capt. Perkins' house 
(near the Arsenal building), and extended back as far as the public barn, 
and was bordered in front by the Detroit River. It was surrounded by 
oak and cedar pickets, about fifteen feet long, set in the ground, and had 
four gates — east, west, north and south. Over the first thi-ee of these 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 49 

gates were block houses provided with four guns apiece, each a six- 
pounder. Two six-gun batteries were planted fronting the river and in a 
parallel direction with the block houses. There were four streets running 
east and west, the main street beitig twenty feet wide and the rest fifteen 
feet, while the four streets crossing these at right angles were from ten 
to fifteen feet in width. 

At the date spoken of by Mr. Frazer, there was no fort within the 
enclosure, but a citadel on the ground corresponding to the present 
northwest corner of Jefferson Avenue and Wayne Street. The citadel was 
inclosed by pickets, and within it were erected barracks of wood, two 
stories high, sufficient to contain ten officers, and also barracks sufficient 
to contain four hundred men, and a provision store built of brick. The 
citadel also contained a hospital and guard-house. The old town of 
Detroit, in 1778, contained about sixty houses, most of them one story, 
with a few a story and a half in height. They were all of logs, some 
hewn and some round. There was one building of splendid appearance, 
called the " King's Palace," two stories high, which stood near the east 
gate. It was built for Governor Hamilton, the first governor commissioned 
by the British. There were two guard-houses, one near the west gate and 
the other near the Government House. Each of the guards consisted of 
twenty-four men and a subaltern, who mounted regularly every morning 
between nine and ten o'clock. Each furnished four sentinels, who were 
relieved every two hours. There was also an officer of the day, who p^r- 
formed strict duty. Each of the gates was shut regularly at sunset ; 
even wicket gates were shut at nine o'clock, and all the keys were 
delivered into the hands of the commanding officer. They were opened 
in the morning at sunrise. No Indian or squaw was permitted to enter 
town with any weapon, such as a tomahawk or a knife. It was a stand- 
ing order that the Indians should deliver their arms and instruments of 
every kind before they were permitted to pass the sentinel, and they were 
restored to them on their return. No more than twenty-five Indians were 
allowed to enter the town at any one time, and they were admitted only 
at the east and west gates. At sundown the drums beat, and all the 
Indians were required to leave town instantly. There was a council house 
near the water side for the purpose of holding council with the Indians. 
The population of the town was about sixty families, in all about two 
hundred males and one hundred females. This town was destroyed by 
fire, all except one dwelling, in 1805. After which the present '' new " 
town was laid out. 

On the breaking out of the Revolution, the British held every post of 
importance in the West. Kentucky was formed as a component part of 
Virginia, and the sturdy pioneers of the West, alive to their interests, 



60 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

and recognizing the great benefits of obtaining the control of the trade in 
this part of the New World, held steadily to their purposes, and those 
within the commonwealth of Kentucky proceeded to exercise their 
civil privileges, by electing John Todd and Richard Gallaway^ 
burgesses to represent them in the Assembly of the parent state. 
Early in September of that year (1777) the first court was held 
in Harrodsburg, and Col. Bowman, afterwards major, who had arrived 
in August, was made the commander of a militia organization which 
had been commenced the March previous. Thus the tree of loyalty 
was growing. The chief spirit in this far-out colony, who had represented 
her the jesir previous east of the mountains, was now meditating a move 
unequaled in its boldness. He had been watching the movements of the 
British throughout the Northwest, and understood their whole plan. Ht 
saw it was through their possession of the posts at Detroit, Vincennes, 
Kaskaskia, and other places, which would give them constant and easy 
access to the various Indian tribes in the Northwest, that the British 
intended to penetrate the country from the north and south, and annihi- 
late the frontier fortresses. This moving, energetic man was Colonel, 
afterwards General, George Rogers Clark. He knew the Indians were not 
unanimously in accord with the English, and he was convinced that, could 
the British be defeated and expelled from the Northwest, the natives 
might be easily awed into neutrality ; and by spies sent for the purpose, 
he satisfied himself that the enterprise against the Illinois settlements 
might easily succeed. Having convinced himself of the certainty of the 
project, he repaired to the Capital of Virginia, which place he reached on 
November 5th. While he was on his way, fortunately, on October 17th, 
Burgoyne had been defeated, and the spirits of the colonists greatly 
encouraged thereby. Patrick Henry was Governor of Virginia, and at 
once entered heartily into Clark's plans. The same plan had before been 
agitated in the Colonial Assemblies, but there was no one until Clark 
came who was sufficiently acquainted with the condition of affairs at the 
scene of action to be able to guide them. 

Clark, having satisfied the Virginia leaders of the feasibility of his 
plan, received, on the 2d of January, two sets of instructions — one secret, 
the other open — the latter authorized him to proceed to enlist seven 
companies to go to Kentucky, subject to his orders, and to serve three 
months from their arrival in the West. The secret order authorized him 
to arm these troops, to procure his powder and lead of General Hand 
at Pittsburgh, and to proceed at once to subjugate the country. 

With these instructions Clark repaired to Pittsburgh, choosing rather 
to raise his men west of the mountains, as he well knew all were needed 
in the colonies in the conflict there. He sent Col. W. B. Smith to Hoi- 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 51 

ston for the same purpose, but neither succeeded in raising the required 
number of men. The settlers in these parts were afraid to leave their 
own firesides exposed to a vigilant foe, and but few could be induced to 
join the proposed expedition. With three companies and several private 
volunteers, Clark at length commenced his descent of the Ohio, which he 
navigated as far as the Falls, where he took possession of and fortified 
Corn Island, a small island between the present Cities of Louisville, 
Kentucky, and New Albany, Indiana. Remains of this fortification may 
yet be found. At this place he appointed Col. Bowman to meet him 
with such recruits as had reached Kentucky by the southern route, and 
as many as could be spared from the station. Here he announced to 
the men their real destination. Having completed his arrangements, 
and chosen his party, he left a small garrison upon the island, and on the 
24th of June, during a total eclipse of the sun, which to them augured 
no good, and which fixes beyond dispute the date of starting, he with 
his chosen band, fell down the river. His plan was to go by water as 
far as Fort Massac or Massacre, and thence march direct to Kaskaskia. 
Here he intended to surprise the garrison, and after its capture go to 
Cahokia, then to Vincennes, and lastly to Detroit. Should he fail, he 
intended to march directly to the Mississippi River and cross it into the 
Spanish country. Before his start he received two good items of infor- 
mation : one that the alliance had been formed between France and the 
United States ; and the other that the Indians throughout the Illinois 
country and the inhabitants, at the various frontier posts, had been led to 
believe by the British that the " Long Knives" or Virginians, were the 
most fierce, bloodthirsty and cruel savages that ever scalped a foe. With 
this impression on their minds, Clark saw that proper management would 
cause them to submit at once from fear, if surprised, and then from grati- 
tude would become friendly if treated with unexpected leniency. 

The march to Kaskaskia was accomplished through a hot July sun, 
and the town reached on the evening of July 4. He captured the fort 
near the village, and soon after the village itself by surprise, and without 
the loss of a single man or b}'' killing any of the enemy. After sufficiently 
working upon the fears of the natives, Clark told them they were at per- 
fect liberty to worship as they pleased, and to take whichever side of the 
great conflict they would, also he would protect them from any barbarity 
from British or Indian foe. This had the desired effect, and the inhab- 
itants, so unexpectedly and so gratefully surprised by the unlooked 
for turn of affairs, at once swore allegiance to the American arms, and 
when Clark desired to go to Cahokia on the 6tli of July, they accom- 
panied him, and through their influence the inhabitants of the place 
surrendered, and gladly placed themselves under his protection. Thus 



52 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

the two important posts in Illinois passed from the hands of the English 
into the possession of Virginia. 

In the person of the priest at Kaskaskia, M. Gibault, Clark found a 
powerful ally and generous friend. Clark saw that, to retain possession 
of the Northwest and treat successfully with the Indians within its boun- 
daries, he must establish a government for the colonies he had taken. 
St. Vincent, the next important post to Detroit, remained yet to be taken 
before the Mississippi Valley was conquered. M. Gibault told him that 
he would alone, by persuasion, lead Vincennes to throw off its connection 
with England. Clark gladly accepted his offer, and on the 14th of July, 
in company with a fellow-townsman, M. Gibault started on his mission of 
peace, and on the 1st of August returned with the cheerful intelligence 
that the post on the " Oubache " had taken the oath of allegiance to 
the Old Dominion. During this interval, Clark established his courts, 
placed garrisons at Kaskaskia and Cahokia, successfully re-enlisted his 
men, sent word to have a fort, which proved the germ of Louisville, 
erected at the Falls of the Ohio, and dispatched Mr. Rocheblave, who 
had been commander at Kaskaskia, as a prisoner of war to Richmond. 
In October the County of Illinois was established by the Legislature 
of Virginia, John Todd appointed Lieutenant Colonel and Civil Governor, 
and in November General Clark and his men received the thanks of 
the Old Dominion through their Legislature. 

In a speech a few days afterward, Clark made known fully to the 
natives his plans, and at its close all came forward and swore alle- 
giance to the Long Knives. While he was doing this Governor Hamilton, 
having made his various arrangements, had left Detroit and moved down 
the Wabash to Vincennes intending to operate from that point in reducing 
the Illinois posts, and then proceed on down to Kentucky and drive the 
rebels from the West. Gen. Clark had, on the return of M. Gibault, 
dispatched Captain Helm, of Fauquier County, Virginia, with an attend- 
ant named Henry, across the Illinois prairies to command the fort. 
Hamilton knew nothing of the capitulation of the post, and was greatly 
surprised on his arrival to be confronted by Capt. Helm, who, standing at 
the entrance of the fort by a loaded cannon ready to fire upon his assail- 
ants, demanded upon what terms Hamilton demanded possession of tha 
fort. Being granted the rights of a prisoner of war, he surrendered to 
the British General, who could scarcely believe his eyes when he saw the 
force in the garrison. 

Hamilton, not realizing the character of the men with whom he was 
contending, gave up his intended campaign for the Winter, sent his four 
hundred Indian warriors to prevent troops from coming down the Ohio, 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 53 

and to annoy the Americans in all ways, and sat quietly down to pass the 
Winter. Information of all these proceedings having reached Clark, he 
saw that immediate and decisive action was necessary, and that unless 
he captured Hamilton, Hamilton would capture him. Clark received the 
news on the 29th of January, 1779, and on February 4th, having suffi- 
ciently garrisoned Kaskaskia and Cahokia, he sent down the Mississippi 
a " battoe," as Major Bowman writes it, in order to ascend the Ohio and 
Wabash, and operate with the land forces gathering for the fray. 

On the next day, Clark, with his little force of one hundred and 
twenty men, set out for the post, and after incredible hard marching 
through much mud, the ground being thawed by the incessant spring 
rains, on the 22d reached the fort, and being joined by his " battoe," at 
once commenced the attack on the post. The aim of the American back- 
woodsman was unerring, and on the 24th the garrison surrendered to the 
intrepid boldness of Clark. The French were treated with great kind- 
ness, and gladly renewed their allegiance to Virginia. Hamilton was 
sent as a prisoner to Virginia, where he was kept in close confinement. 
During his command of the British frontier posts, he had offered prizes 
to the Indians for all the scalps of Americans they would bring to him, 
and had earned in consequence thereof the title "■ Hair-buyer General," 
by which he was ever afterward known. 

Detroit was now without doubt within easy reach of the enterprising 
Virginian, could he but raise the necessary force. Governor Henry being 
apprised of this, promised him the needed reinforcement, and Clark con- 
cluded to wait until he could capture and sufficiently garrison the posts. 
Had Clark failed in this bold undertaking, and Hamilton succeeded in 
uniting the western Indians for the next Spring's campaign, the West 
would indeed have been swept from the Mississippi to the Allegheny 
Mountains, and the great blow struck, which had been contemplated from 
the commencement, by the British. 

" But for this small army of dripping, but fearless Virginians, the 
union of all the tribes from Georgia to Maine against the colonies might 
have been effected, and the whole current of our history changed." 

At this time some fears were entertained by the Colonial Govern- 
ments that the Indians in the North and Northwest were inclining to the 
British, and under the instructions of Washington, now Commander-in- 
Chief of the Colonial army, and so bravely fighting for American inde- 
pendence, armed forces were sent against the Six Nations, and upon the 
Ohio frontier, Col. Bowman, acting under the same general's orders, 
marched against Indians within the present limits of that State. These 
expeditions were in the main successful, and the Indians were compelled 
to sue for peace. 



64 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

During this same year (1779) the famous " Land Laws" of Virginia 
were passed. The passage of these hiws was of more consequence to the 
pioneers of Kentucky and the Northwest than the gaining of a few Indian 
conflicts. These laws confirmed in main all grants made, and guaranteed 
to all actual settlers their rights and privileges. After providing for the 
settlers, the laws provided for selling the balance of the public lands at 
forty cents per acre. To carry the Land Laws into effect, the Legislature 
sent four Virginians westward to attend to the various claims, over many 
of which great confusion prevailed concerning their validity. These 
gentlemen opened their court on October 13, 1779, at St. Asaphs, and 
continued until April 26, 1780, when they adjourned, having decided 
three thousand claims. They were succeeded by the surveyor, who 
came in the person of Mr. George May, and assumed his duties on the 
10th day of the month whose name he bore. With the opening of the 
next year (1780) the troubles concerning the navigation of the Missis- 
sippi commenced. The Spanish Government exacted such measures in 
relation to its trade as to cause the overtures made to the United States 
to be rejected. The American Government considered they had a righc 
to navigate its channel. To enforce their claims, a fort was erected below 
the mouth of the Ohio on the Kentucky side of the river. The settle- 
ments in Kentucky were being rapidly filled by emigrants. It was dur- 
ing this 3'ear that the first seminary of learning was established in the 
West in this young and enterprising Commonwealth. 

The settlers here did not look upon the building of this fort in a 
friendly manner, as it aroused the hostility of the Indians. Spain had 
been friendly to the Colonies during their straggle for independence, 
and though for a wliile this friendship appeared in danger from the 
refusal of the free navigation of the river, yet it was finally settled to the 
satisfaction of both nations. 

The Winter of 1779-80 was one of the most unusually severe ones 
ever experienced in the West. The Indians always referred to it as the 
"Great Cold." Numbers of wild animals perished, and not a few 
pioneers lost their lives. The following Summer a party of Canadians 
and Indians attacked St. Louis, and attempted to take possession of it 
in consequence of the friendly disposition of Spain to the revolting 
colonies. They met with such a determined resistance on the part of the 
inhabitants, even the women taking part in the battle, that they were 
compelled to abandon the contest. They also made an attack on the 
settlements in Kentucky, but, becoming alarmed in some unaccountable 
manner, they fled the country in great haste. 

About this time arose the question in the Colonial Congress con- 
cerning the western lands claimed by Virginia, New York, Massachusetts 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 55 

and Connecticut. The agitation concerning this subject finally led New 
York, on the 19th of February, 1780, to pass a law giving to the dele- 
gates of that State in Congress the power to cede her western lands for 
the benefit of the United States. This law was laid before Congress 
during the next month, but no steps were taken concerning it until Sep- 
tember 6th, when a resolution passed that body calling upon the States 
claiming western lands to release their claims in favor of the whole body. 
This basis formed the union, and was the first after all of those legislative 
measures which resulted in the creation of the States of Ohio, Indiana, 
Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin and Minnesota. In December of the same 
year, the plan of conquering Detroit again arose. The conquest might 
have easily been effected by Clark had the necessary aid been furnished 
him. Nothing decisive was done, yet the heads of the Government knew 
that the safety of the Northwest from British invasion lay in the capture 
and retention of that important post, the only unconquered one in the 
territory. 

Before the close of the year, Kentucky was divided into the Coun- 
ties of Lincoln, Fayette and Jefferson, and the act establishing the Town 
of Louisville was passed. This same 3^ear is also noted in the annals of 
American history as the year in which occurred Arnold's treason to the 
United States. 

Virginia, in accordance with the resolution of Congress, on the 2d 
day of January, 1781, agreed to yield her western lands to the United 
States upon certain conditions, which Congress would not accede to, and 
the Act of Cession, on the part of the Old Dominion, failed, nor was 
anything farther done until 1783. During all that time the Colonies 
were busily engaged in the struggle with the mother country, and in 
consequence thereof but little heed was given to the western settlements. 
Upon the 16th of April, 1781, the first birth north of the Ohio River of 
American parentage occurred, being that of Mary Heckewelder, daughter 
of the widely known Moravian missionary, whose band of Christian 
Indians suffered in after years a horrible massacre by the hands of the 
frontier settlers, who had been exasperated by the murder of several of 
their neighbors, and in their rage committed, without regard to humanity, 
a deed which forever afterwards cast a shade of shame upon their lives. 
For this and kindred outrages on the part of the whites, the Indians 
committed many deeds of cruelty which darken the years of 1771 and 
1772 in the history of the Northwest. 

During the year 1782 a number of battles among the Indians and 
frontiersmen occurred, and between the Moravian Indians and the Wyan- 
dots. In these, horrible acts of cruelty were practised on the captives, 
many of such dark deeds transpiring under the leadership of the notorious 



56 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



frontier outlaw, Simon Girty, whose name, as well as those of his brothers, 
was a terror to women and children. These occurred chiefly in the Ohio 
valleys. Coteraporary Avith them were several engagements in Kentucky, 
in which the famous Daniel Boone engaged, and who, often by his skill 
and knowledge. of Indian warfare, saved the outposts from cruel destruc- 







INDIANS ATTACKING FKONTIEKS.MKN. 

tion. By the close of the year victory had perched upon the American 
banner, and on the 30th of November, provisional articles of peace had 
been arranged between the Commissioners of England and her uncon- 
querable colonies. Cornwallis had been defeated on the 19th of October 
preceding, and the liberty of America was assured. On the 19th of 
April following, the anniversary of the battle of Lexington, peace was 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 57 

proclaimed to the army of the United States, and on the 8d of the next 
September, the definite treaty which ended our revolutionary struggle 
was concluded. By the terms of that treaty, the boundaries of the West 
were as follows : On the north the line was to extend along the center of 
the Great Lakes ; from the western point of Lake Superior to Long Lake ; 
thence to the Lake of the Woods ; thence to the head of the Mississippi 
River ; down its center to the 31st parallel of latitude, then on that line 
east to the head of the Appalachicola River ; down its center to its junc- 
tion with the Flint ; thence straight to the head of St. Mary's River, and 
thence down along its center to the Atlantic Ocean. 

Following the cessation of hostilities with England, several posts 
were still occupied by the British in the North and West. Among these 
was Detroit, still in the hands of the enemy. Numerous engagements 
with the Indians throughout Ohio and Indiana occurred, upon whose 
lands adventurous whites would settle ere the title had been acquired by 
the proper treaty. 

To remedy this latter evil, Congress appointed commissioners to 
treat with the natives and purchase their lands, and prohibited the set- 
tlement of the territory until this could be done. Before the close of the 
year another attempt was made to capture Detroit, which was, however, 
not pushed, and Virginia, no longer feeling the interest in the Northwest 
she had formerly done, withdrew her troops, having on the 20th of 
December preceding authorized the whole of her possessions to be deeded 
to the United States. This was done on the 1st of March following, and 
the Northwest Territory passed from the control of the Old Dominion. 
To Gen. Clark and his soldiers, however, she gave a tract of one hundred 
and fifty thousand acres of land, to be situated any where north of the 
Ohio wherever they chose to locate them. They selected the region 
opposite the falls of the Ohio, where is now the dilapidated village of 
Clarksville, about midway between the Cities of New Albany and Jeffer- 
sonville, Indiana. 

While the frontier remained thus, and Gen. Haldimand at Detroit 
refused to evacuate alleging that he had no orders from his King to do 
so, settlers were rapidly gathering about the inland forts. In the Spring 
of 1784, Pittsburgh was regularly laid out, and from the journal of Arthur 
Lee, who passed through the town soon after on his way to the Indian 
council at Fort Mcintosh, we suppose it was not very prepossessing in 
appearance. He says : 

" Pittsburgh is inhabited almost entirely by Scots and Irish, who 
live in paltry log houses, and are as dirty as if in the north of Ireland or 
even Scotland. There is a great deal of trade carried on, the goods being 
bought at the vast expense of forty-five shillings per pound from Phila- 



58 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

delphia and Baltimore. They take in the shops flour, wheat, skins and 
money. There are in the ^town four attorneys, two doctors, and not a 
priest of any persuasion, nor church nor chapel." 

Kentucky at this time contained thirty thousand inhabitants, and 
was beginning to discuss measures for a separation from Virginia. A 
land office was opened at Louisville, and measures were adopted to take 
defensive precaution against the Indians who were yet, in some instances, 
incited to deeds of violence by the British. Before the close of this year, 
1784, the military claimants of land began to occupy them, although no 
entries were recorded until 1787. 

The Indian title to the Northwest was not yet extinguished. They 
held large tracts of lands, and in order to prevent bloodshed Congress 
adopted means for treaties with the original owners and provided for the 
surveys of the lands gained thereby, as well as for those north of the 
Ohio, now in its possession. On January 31, 1786, a treaty was made 
with the Wabash Indians. The treaty of Fort Stanwix had been made 
in 1784. That at Fort Mcintosh in 1785, and through these much land 
was gained. The Wabash Indians, however, afterward refused to ci imply 
with the provisions of the treaty made with them, and in order to compel 
their adherence to its provisions, force was used. During the year 1786» 
the free navigation of the Mississippi came up in Congress, and caused 
various discussions, which resulted in no definite action, only serving to 
excite speculation in regard to the western lands. Congress had promised 
bounties of land to the soldiers of the Revolution, but owing to the 
unsettled condition of affairs along the Mississippi respecting its naviga- 
tion, and the trade of the Northwest, that body had, in 1783, declared 
its inability to fulfill these promises until a treaty could be concluded 
between the two Governments. Before the close of the year 1786, how- 
ever, it was able, through the treaties with the Indians, to allow some 
grants and the settlement thereon, and on the 14th of September Con- 
necticut ceded to the General Government the tract of land known as 
the " Connecticut Reserve," and before the close of the following year a 
large tract of land north of the Ohio was sold to a company, who at once 
took measures to settle it. By the provisions of this grant, the company 
were to pay the United States one dollar per acre, subject to a deduction 
of one-third for bad lands and other contingencies. They received 
750,000 acres, bounded on the south by the Ohio, on the east by the 
seventh range of townships, on the west by the sixteenth range, and on 
the north by a line so drawn as to make the grant complete without 
the reservations. In addition to this. Congress afterward granted 100,000 
acres to actual settlers, and 214,285 acres as army bounties under the 
resolutions of 1789 and 1790. 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



59 



While Dr. Cutler, one of the agents of the company, was pressing 
its claims before Congress, that body was bringing into form an ordinance 
for the political and social organization of this Territory. When the 
cession was made by Virginia, in 1784, a plan was offered, but rejected. 
A motion had been made to strike from the proposed plan the prohibition 
of slavery, which prevailed. The plan was then discussed and altered, 
and finally passed unanimously, with the exception of South Carolina. 
By this proposition, the Territory was to have been divided into states 



-=554 




v-.'^'^s.-'^^ 



A PRAIRIE STORM. 



by parallels and meridian lines. This, it was thought, would make ten 
states, which were to have been named as follows — beginning at the 
northwest corner and going southwardly : Sylvania, Michigania, Cher- 
sonesus, Assenisipia, Metropotamia, Illenoia, Saratoga, Washington, Poly- 
potamia and Pelisipia. 

There was a more serious objection to this plan than its category of 
names, — the boundaries. The root of the difficulty was in the resolu- 
tion of Congress passed in October, 1780, which fixed the boundaries, 
of the ceded lands to be from one hundred to one hundred and fiftv miles 



60 THE KORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

square. These resolutions being presented to the Legislatures of Vir- 
ginia and Massachusetts, they desired a change, and in July, 1786, the 
subject was taken up in Congress, and changed to favor a division into 
not more than five states, and not less than three. This was approved by 
the State Legislature of Virginia. The subject of tlie Government was 
again taken up by Congress in 1786, and discussed throughout that year 
and until July, 1787, when the famous "Compact of 1787" was passed, 
and the foundation of the government of the Northwest laid. This com- 
pact is fully discussed and explained in the history of Illinois in this book, 
and to it the reader is referred. 

The passage of this act and the grant to the New England Company 
was soon followed by an application to the Government by John Cleves 
Symmes, of New Jersey, for a grant of the land between the Miamis. 
This gentleman had visited these lands soon after the treaty of 1786, and, 
being greatly pleased with them, offered similar terms to those given to the 
New England Company. The petition was referred to the Treasury 
Board with power to act, and a contract was concluded the following 
year. During the Autumn the directors of the New England Company 
were preparing to occupy their grant the following Spring, and ujjon the. 
23d of November made arrangements for a party of forty-seven men, 
under the superintendency of Gen. Rufus Putnam, to set forward. Six 
boat-builders were to leave at once, and on the first of January the sur- 
veyors and their assistants, twenty-six in number, were to meet at Hart- 
ford and proceed on their journey westward ; the remainder to follow as 
soon as possible. Congress, in the meantime, upon the 8d of October, 
had ordered seven hundred troops for defense of the western settlers, and 
to prevent unauthorized intrusions ; and two days later appointed Arthur 
St. Clair Governor of the Territory of the Northwest. 

AMERICAN SETTLEMENTS. 

The civil organization of the Northwest Territory was now com- 
plete, and notwithstanding the uncertainty of Indian affairs, settlers from 
the East began to come into the country rapidly. The New England 
Company sent their men during the Winter of 1787-8 pressing on over 
the Alleghenies by tlie old Indian path wliich had been opened into 
Braddock's road, and which has since been made a national turnpike 
from Cumberland westward. Through the weary winter days they toiled 
on, and by April were all gathered on the Yohiogany, where boats had 
been built, and at once started for the Muskingum. Here they arrived 
on the 7th of that month, and unless the Moravian missionaries be regarded 
as the pioneers of Ohio, this little band can justly claim that honor. 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



61 



Gen. St. Clair, the appointed Governor of the Northwest, not having 
yet arrived, a set of laws were passed, written out, and published by 
being nailed to a tree in the embryo town, and Jonathan Meigs appointed 
to administer them. 

Washington in writing of this, the first America,n settlement in the 
Northwest, said : " No colony in America was ever settled under 
such favorable auspices as that which has just commenced at Muskingum. 
Information, property and strength will be its characteristics. I know 
many of its settlers personally, and there never were men better calcu- 
lated to promote the welfare of such a community." 




A PIONEER DAVELLING. 

On the 2d of July a meeting of the directors and agents was held 
on the banks of the Muskingum, " for the purpose of naming the new- 
born city and its squares."' As yet the settlement was known as the 
*'Muskingum,"' but that was now changed to the name Marietta, in honor 
of Marie Antoinette. The square upon which the block -houses stood 
was called '-'Campus Martius ;'' square number 19, '' Capitoh'um ;" square 
number 61, "■Cecilia;'' and the great road through the covert way, " Sacra 
Via.'" Two days after, an oration was delivered by James M. Varnum, 
who with S. H. Parsons and John Armstrong had been appointed to the 
judicial bench of the territory on the 16th of October, 1787. On July 9, 
Gov. St. Clair arrived, and the colony began to assume form. The act 
of 1787 provided two district grades of government for the Northwest, 



02 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

under the first of which the whole power was invested in the hands of a 
governor and three district judges. This was immediately formed upon 
the Governor's arrival, and the first laws of the colony passed on the 25th 
of July. These provided for the organization of the inilitia, and on the 
next day appeared the Governor's proclamation, erecting all that country 
that had been ceded by the Indians east of the Scioto River into the 
County of Washington. From that time forward, notwithstanding the 
doubts yet existing as to the Indians, all Marietta prospered, and on the 
2d of September the first court of the territory was held with imposing 
ceremonies. 

The emigration westward at this time was very great. The com- 
mander at Fort Harmer, at the mouth of the Muskingum, reported four 
thousand five hundred persons as having passed that post between Feb- 
ruary and June, 1788 — many of whom would have purchased of the 
"Associates," as the New England Company was called, had they been 
ready to receive them. 

On the 26th of November, 1787, Symmes issued a pamphlet stating 
the terms of his contract and the plan of sale he intended to adopt. In 
January, 1788, Matthias Denman, of New Jersey, took an active interest 
in Symmes' purchase, and located among other tracts the sections upon 
which Cincinnati has been built. Retaining one-third of this locality, he 
sold the other two-thirds to Robert Patterson and John Filson, and the 
three, about August, commenced to lay out a town on the spot, which 
was designated as being opposite Licking River, to the mouth of which 
they proposed to have a road cut from Lexington. The naming of the 
town is thus narrated in the "Western Annals " : — " Mr. Filson, who had 
been a schoolmaster, was appointed to name the town, and, in respect to 
its situation, and as if with a prophetic perception of the mixed race that 
were to inhabit it in after days, he named it Losantiville, which, being 
interpreted, means : ville, the town ; anti, against or opposite to ; os, the 
mouth ; L. of Licking." 

Meanwhile, in July, Symmes got thirty persons and eight four-horse 
teams under way for the West. These reached Limestone (now Mays- 
ville) in September, where were several persons from Redstone. Here 
Mr. Symmes tried to found a settlement, but the great freshet of 1789 
caused the " Point," as it was and is yet called, to be fifteen feet under 
water, and the settlement to be abandoned. The little band of settlers 
removed to the mouth of the Miami. Before Symmes and his colony left 
the " Point," two settlements had been made on his purchase. The first 
was by Mr. Stiltes, the original projector of the Avhole plan, who, with a 
colony of Redstone people, had located at the mouth of the Miami, 
whither Symmes went with his Maysville colony. Here a clearing had 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



63 



been made by the Indians owing to the great fertility of the soil. Mr. 
Stiltes with his colony came to this place on the 18th of November, 1788, 
with twenty-six persons, and, building a block-house, prepared to remain 
through the Winter. They named the settlement Columbia. Here they 
were kindly treated by the Indians, but suffered greatly from the flood 
of 1789. 

On the 4th of March, 1789, the Constitution of the United States 
went into operation, and on April 30, George Washington was inaug- 
urated President of the American people, and during the next Summer, 
an Indian war was commenced by the tribes north of the Ohio. The 
President at first used pacific means ; but these failing, he sent General 
Harmer against the hostile tribes. He destroyed several villages, but 




BREAKING PRAIKIE. 



was defeated in two battles, near the present City of Fort Wayne, 
Indiana. From this time till the close of 1795, the principal events were 
the wars with the various Indian tribes. In 1796, General St. Clair 
was appointed in command, and marched against the Indians ; but while 
he was encamped on a stream, the St. Mary, a branch of the Maumee, 
he was attacked and defeated with the loss of six hundred men. 

General Wayne was now sent against the savages. In August, 1794, 
he met them near the rapids of the Maumee, and gained a complete 
victory. This success, followed by vigorous measures, compelled the 
Indians to sue for peace, and on the 30th of July, the following year, the 
treaty of Greenville was signed by the principal chiefs, by which a large 
tract of country was ceded to the United States. 

Before proceeding in our narrative, we will pause to notice Fort 
Washington, erected in the early part of this war on the site of Cincinnati. 
Nearly all of the great cities of the Northwest, and indeed of the 



64 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

whole country, have had their nuclei in those rude pioneer struct ures» 
known as forts or stockades. Thus Forts Dearborn, Washington, Pon- 
chartrain, mark the original sites of the now proud Cities of Chicago, 
Cincinnati and Detroit. So of most of the flourishing cities east and west 
of the Mississippi. Fort Washington, erected by Doughty in 1790, was a 
rude but highly interesting structure. It was composed of a number of 
strongly-built hewed log cabins. Those designed for soldiers' barracks 
were a story and a half high, while those composing the officers quarters 
were more imposing and more conveniently arranged and furnished. 
The whole were so placed as to form a hollow square, enclosing about an 
acre of ground, with a block house at each of the four angles. 

The logs for the construction of this fort were cut from the ground 
upon which it was erected. It stood between Third and Fourth Streets 
of the present city (Cincinnati) extending east of Eastern Row, now 
Broadway, which was then a narrow alley, and the eastern boundary of 
of the town as it was originally laid out. On the bank of the river, 
immediately in front of the fort, was an appendage of the fort, called the 
Artificer's Yard. It contained about two acres of ground, enclosed by 
small contiguous buildings, occupied by workshops and quarters of 
laborers. Within this enclosure there was a large two-story frame house, 
familiarly called the " Yellow House," built for the accommodation of 
the Quartermaster General. For many years this was the best finished 
and most commodious edifice in the Queen City. Fort Washington was 
for some time the headquarters of both the civil and military governments 
of the Northwestern Territory. 

Following the consummation of the treaty various gigantic land spec- 
ulations were entered into by different persons, who hoped to obtain 
from the Indians in Michigan and northern Indiana, large tracts of lands. 
These were generally discovered in time to prevent the outrageous, 
schemes from being carried out, and from involving the settlers in war. 
On October 27, 1795, the treaty between the United States and Spain 
was signed, whereby the free navigation of the Mississippi was secured. 

No sooner had the treat}^ of 1795 been ratified than settlements began 
to pour rapidly into the West. The great event of the year 1796 was the 
occupation of that part of the Northwest including Michigan, which was 
this year, under the provisions of the treaty, evacuated by the British 
forces. The United States, owing to certain conditions, did not feel 
justified in addressing the authorities in Canada in relation to Detroit 
and other frontier posts. When at last the British authorities were 
called to give them up, they at once complied, and General Wayne, who 
had done so much to preserve the frontier settlements, and who, before 
the year's close, sickened and died near Erie, transferred his head- 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 65 

quarters to the neighborhood of the lakes, where a county named after 
him was formed, which included the northwest of Ohio, all of Michigan, 
and the northeast of Indiana. During this same year settlements were 
formed at the present City of Chillicothe, along the Miami from Middle- 
town to Piqua, while in the more distant West, settlers and speculators 
began to appear in great numbers. In September, the City of Cleveland 
was laid out, and during the Summer and Autumn, Samuel Jackson and 
Jonathan Sharpless erected the first manufactory of paper — the " Red- 
stone Paper Mill" — in the West. St. Louis contained some seventy 
houses, and Detroit over three hundred, and along the river, contiguous 
to it, were more than three thousand inhabitants, mostly French Canadians, 
Indians and half-breeds, scarcely any Americans venturing yet into that 
part of the Northwest. 

The election of representatives for the territory had taken place, 
and on the 4th of February, 1799, they convened at Losantiville — now 
known as Cincinnati, having been named so by Gov. St. Clair, and 
considered the capital of the Territory — to nominate persons from whom 
the members of the Legislature were to be chosen in accordance with 
a previous ordinance. This nomination being made, the Assembly 
adjourned until the 16th of the following September. From those named 
the President selected as members of the council, Henr}^ Vandenburg, 
of Vincennes, Robert Oliver, of Marietta, James Findlay and Jacob 
Burnett, of Cincinnati, and David Vance, of Vanceville. On the 16th 
of September the Territorial Legislature met, and on the 24th the two 
houses were duly organized, Henry Vandenburg being elected President 
of the Council. 

The message of Gov. St. Clair was addressed to the Legislature 
September 20th, and on October 13th that body elected as a delegate to 
Congress Gen. Wm. Henry Harrison, who received eleven of the votes 
cast, being a majority of one over his opponent, Arthur St. Clair, son of 
Gen. St. Clair. 

The whole number of acts passed at this session, and approved by 
the Governor, were thirty-seven — eleven others were passed, but received 
his veto. The most important of those passed related to the militia, to 
the administration, and to taxation. On the 19th of December this pro- 
tracted session of the first Legislature in the West was closed, and on the 
30th of December the President nominated Charles Willing Bryd to the 
office of Secretary of the Territory vice Wm. Henry Harrison, elected to 
Congress. The Senate confirmed his nomination the next day. 



6G THE NOETHWEST TERRITORY. 



DIVISION OF THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

The increased emigration to the Northwest, the extent of the domain, 
and tlie inconvenient modes of travel, made it very difficult to conduct 
the ordinary operations of government, and rendered the efficient action 
of courts almost impossible. To remedy this, it was deemed advisable to 
divide the territory for civil purposes. Congress, in 1800, appointed a 
committee to examine the question and report some means for its solution. 
This committee, on the 3d of March, reported that : 

"In the three western countries there has been but one court having 
cognizance of crimes, in five years, and the immunity which offenders 
experience attracts, as to an asylum, the most vile and abandoned crim- 
inals, and at the same time deters useful citizens from making settlements 
in such society. The extreme necessity of judiciary attention and assist- 
ance is experienced in civil as well as in criminal cases. * * * * Xo 
minister a remedy to these and other evils, it occurs to this committee 
that it is expedient that a division of said territory into two distinct and 
separate governments should be made ; and that such division be made 
by a line beginning at the mouth of the Great Miami River, running 
directly north until it intersects the boundary between the United States 
and Canada." 

The report was accepted by Congress, and, in accordance with its 
suggestions, that body passed an Act extinguishing the Northwest Terri- 
tory, which Act was approved May 7. Among its provisions were these : 

" That from and after July 4 next, all that part of the Territory of 
the United States northwest of the Ohio River, which lies to the westward 
of a line beginning at a point on the Ohio, opposite to the mouth of the 
Kentucky River, and running thence to Fort Recovery, and thonce north 
until it shall intersect the territorial line between the United States and 
Canada, shall, for the purpose of temporary government, constitute a 
separate territory, and be called the Indiana Territory." 

After providing for the exercise of the civil and criminal powers of 
the territories, and other provisions, the Act further provides : 

'' That until it shall otherwise be ordered by the Legislatures of the 
said Territories, respectively, Chillicothe on the Scioto River shall be the 
seat of government of tlie Territory of the United States northwest of the 
Oliii) River; and that St. Vincennes on the Wabash River shall be the 
seat of government for the Indiana Territory." 

Gen. Wm. Henry Harrison was appointed Governor of the Indiana 
Territory, and entered upon his duties about a year later, Connecticut 
also about this time released her claims to the reserve, and in March a law 




I /• 




(deceased) 
MANCHESTER 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 67 

was passed accepting this cession. Settlements had been made upon 
thirty-five of the townships in the reserve, mills had been built, and seven 
hundred miles of road cut in various directions. On the 3d of November 
the General Assembly met at Chillicothe. Near the close of the year, 
the first missionary of the Connecticut Reserve came, who found no 
township containing more than eleven families. It was upon the first of 
October that the secret treaty had been made between Napoleon and the 
King of Spain, whereby the latter agreed to cede to France the province 
of Louisiana. 

In January, 1802, the Assembly of the Northwestern Territory char- 
tered the college at Athens. From the earliest dawn of the western 
colonies, education was promptly provided for, and as early as 1787, 
newspapers were issued from Pittsburgh and Kentucky, and largely read 
throughout the frontier settlements. Before the close of this year, the 
Congress of the United States granted to the citizens of the Northwestern 
territory the formation of a State government. One of the provisions of 
the "compact of 1787" provided that whenever the number of inhabit- 
ants within prescribed limits exceeded 45,000, they should be entitled to 
a separate government. The prescribed limits of Ohio contained, from a 
census taken to ascertain the legality of the act, more than that number, 
and on the 30th of April, 1802, Congress passed the act defining its limits, 
and on the 29th of November the Constitution of the new State of Ohio, 
so named from the beautifid river forming its southern boundary, came 
into existence. The exact limits of Lake Michigan were not then known, 
but the territory now included within the State of Michigan was wholly 
within the territory of Indiana. 

Gen. Harrison, while residing at Vincennes, made several treaties 
with the Indians, thereby gaining large tracts of lands. The next year is 
memorable in the history of the West for the purchase of Louisiana from 
France by the United States for $15,000,000. Thus by a peaceful mode, 
the domain of the United States was extended over a large tract of 
country west of the Mississippi, and was for a time under the jurisdiction 
of the Northwest government, and, as has been mentioned in the early 
part of this narrative, was called the "New Northwest." The limits 
of this history will not allow a description of its territory. The same year 
large grants of land were obtained from the Indians, and the House of 
Representatives of the new State of Ohio signed a bill respecting the 
College Township in the district of Cincinnati. 

Before the close of the year. Gen. Harrison obtained additional 
grants of lands from the various Indian nations in Indiana and the present 
limits of Illinois, and on the 18th of August, 1804, completed a treaty at 
St. Louis, whereby over 51,000,000 acres of lands were obtained from the 



68 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

aborigines. Measures were also taken to learn the condition of affairs in 
and about Detroit. 

C. Jouett, the Indian agent in Michigan, still a part of Indiana Terri- 
tory, reported as follows upon the condition of matters at that post : 

" The Town of Detroit. — The charter, which is for fifteen miles, 
square, was granted in the time of Louis XIV. of France, and is now, 
from the best information I have been able to get, at Quebec. Of those 
two hundred and twenty-five acres, only four are occupied by the town 
and Fort Lenault. The remainder is a common, except twenty-four 
acres, which were added twenty years ago to a farm belonging to Wm. 
Macomb. * * * A stockade incloses the town, fort and citadel. The 
pickets, as well as the public houses, are in a state of gradual decay. The 
streets are narrow, straight and regular, and intersect each other at right 
angles. The houses are, for the most part, low and inelegant." 

During this year. Congress granted a township of land for the sup- 
port of a college, and began to offer inducements for settlers in these 
wilds, and the country now comprising the State of Michigan began to 
fill rapidly with settlers along its southern borders. This same year, also, 
a law was passed organizing the Southwest Territory, dividing it into two 
portions, the Territory of New Orleans, which city was made the seat of 
srovernment, and the District of Louisiana, which was annexed to the 
domain of Gen. Harrison. 

On the 11th of January, 1805, the Territory of Michigan was formed, 
Wm. Hull was appointed governor, with headquarters at Detroit, the 
change to take effect on June 30. On the 11th of that month, a fire 
occurred at Detroit, which destroyed almost every building in the place. 
When the officers of the new territory reached the post, they found it in 
ruins, and the inhabitants scattered throughout the country. Rebuild- 
ing, however, soon commenced, and ere long the town contained more 
houses than before the fire, and many of them much better built. 

While this was being done, Indiana had passed to the second grade 
of government, and through her General Assembly had obtained large 
tracts of land from the Indian tribes. To all this the celebrated Indian, 
Tecumthe or Tecumseh, vigorously protested, and it was the main cause 
of his attempts to unite the various Indian tribes in a conflict with the 
settlers. To obtain a full account of these attempts, the workings of the 
British, and the signal failure, culminating in the death of Tecumseh at 
the battle of the Thames, and the close of the war of 1812 in the Northwest,. 
we will step aside in our story, and relate the principal events of his life,, 
and his connection with this conflict. 



THE NOKTHWEST TERRITORY. 



6y 




TECUMSEH, THE SHAWANOE CHIEFTAIN. 



70 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



TECUMSEH, AND THE WAR OF 1812. 

This famous Indian cliief was born about the year 1768, not far from 
the site of the present City of Piqua, Ohio. His father, Puckeshinwa, 
was a member of the Kisopok tribe of the Swanoese nation, and his 
mother, Methontaske, was a member of the Turtle tribe of the same 
people. They removed from Florida about the middle of the last century 
to the birthplace of Tecumseh. In 1774, his father, who had risen to be 
chief, was slain at the battle of Point Pleasant, and not long after Tecum- 
seh, by his bravery, became the leader of his tribe. In 1795 he was 
declared chief, and then lived at Deer Creek, near the site of tke 
present City of Urbana. He remained here about one year, when he 
returned to Piqua, and in 1798, he went to White River, Indiana. In 
1805, he and his brother, Laulewasikan (Open Door), who had announced 
himself as a prophet, went to a tract of land on the Wabash River, given 
them by the Pottawatomies and Kickapoos. From this date the chief 
comes into prominence. He was now about thirty-seven years of age, 
was five feet and ten inches in height, was stoutly built, and possessed of 
enormous powers of endurance. His countenance was naturally pleas- 
ing, and he was, in general, devoid of those savage attributes possessed 
by most Indians. It is stated he could read and write, and had a confi- 
dential secretary and adviser, named Billy Caldwell, a half-breed, who 
afterward became chief of the Pottawatomies. He occupied the first 
house built on the site of Chicago. At this time, Tecumseh entered 
upon the great work of his life. He had long objected to the grants of 
land made by tlie Indians to the whites, and determined to unite all the 
Indian tribes into a league, in order that no treaties or grants of land 
could be made save l)y the consent of this confederation. 

He traveled constantly, going from north to south ; from the south 
to the north, everywhere urging the Indians to this step. He was a 
matchless orator, and his burning words had their effect. 

Gen. Harrison, then Governor of Indiana, by watching the move- 
ments of the Indians, became convinced that a grand conspiracy was 
forming, and made preparations to defend the settlements. Tecumseh's 
plan was similar to Pontiac's, elsewhere described, and to the cunning 
artifice of that chieftain was added his own sagacity. 

During the year 1809, Tecumseh and the prophet were actively pre- 
paring for the work. In that year. Gen, Harrison entered into a treaty 
with the Delawares, Kickapoos, Pottawatomies, Miamis, Eel River Indians 
and Weas, in which these tribes ceded to the whites certain lands upon 
the Wabash, to all of which Tecumseh entered a bitter protest, averring 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 71 

as one principal reason that he did not want the Indians to give up any 
lands north and west of the Ohio River. 

Tecumseh, in August, 1810, visited the General at Vincennes and 
held a council relating to the grievances of the Indians. Becoming unduly 
angry at this conference he was dismissed from the village, and soon after 
departed to incite the southern Indian tribes to the conflict. 

Gen. Harrison determined to move upon the chief's headquarters at 
Tippecanoe, and for this purpose went about sixty-five miles up the 
Wabash, where he built Fort Harrison. From this place he went to the 
prophet's town, where he informed the Indians he had no hostile inten- 
tions, provided they were true to the existing treaties. He" encamped 
near the village early in October, and on the morning of November 7, he 
was attacked by a large force of the Indians, and the famous battle of 
Tippecanoe occurred. The Indians were routed and their town broken 
up. Tecumseh returning not long after, was greatly exasperated at his 
brother, the prophet, even threatening to kill him for rashly precipitating 
the war, and foiling his (Tecumseh's) plans. 

Tecumseh sent word to Gen. Harrison that he was now returned 
from the South, and was ready to visit the President as had at one time 
previously been proposed. Gen. Harrison informed him he could not go 
as a chief, which method Tecumseh desired, and the visit was never 
made. 

In June of the following year, he visited the Indian agent at 
Fort Wayne. Here he disavowed any intention to make a war against 
the United States, and reproached Gen. Harrison for marching against his 
people. The agent replied to this ; Tecumseh listened Avith a cold indif- 
ference, and after making a few general remarks, with a haughty air drew 
his blanket about him, left the council house, and departed for Fort Mai- 
den, in Upper Canada, where he joined the British standard. 

He remained under this Government, doing effective work for the 
Crown while engaged in the war of 1812 which now opened. He was, 
however, always humane in his treatment of the prisoners, never allow- 
ing his warriors to ruthlessly mutilate the bodies of those slain, or wan- 
tonly murder the captive. 

In the Summer of 1813, Perry's victory on Lake Erie occurred, and 
shortly after active preparations were made to capture Maiden. On the 
27th of September, the American army, under Gen. Harrison, set sail for 
the shores of Canada, and in a few hours stood around the ruins of Mai- 
den, from which the British army, under Proctor, had retreated to Sand- 
wich, intending to make its way to the heart of Canada by the Valley of 
the Thames. On the 29th Gen. Harrison was at Sandwich, and Gen. 
McArthur took possession of Detroit and the territory of Michigan. 



72 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



On the 2d of October, tlie Americans began their pursuit of Proctor, 
whom they overtook on the 5th, and the battle of tlie Thames followed. 
Early in tlie engagement, Tecumseh who was at the head of the column 
of Indians was slain, and they, no longer hearing the voice of their chief- 
tain, fled. The victory was decisive, and practically closed the war in 
the Northwest, 




INDIANS ATTACKING A STOCKADS. 



Just who killed the great chief has been a matter of much dispute ; 
but the weight of opinion awards the act to Col. Richard M. Johnson, 
who fired at him with a pistol, tlie shot proving fatal. 

In 1805 occurred Burr's Insurrection. He took possession of a 
beautiful island in the Ohio, after the killing of Hamilton, and is charo-ed 
by many with attempting to set up an independent government. His 
plans were frustrated by the general government, his property confiscated 
and he was compelled to flee the country for safety. 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 73 

In January, 1807, Governor Hull, of Michigan TeiTitor3% made a 
treaty with the Indians, whereby all that peninsula was ceded to the 
United States. Before the close of the year, a stockade was built about 
Detroit. It was also daring this year that Indiana and Illinois endeavored 
to obtain the repeal of that section of the compact of 1787, whereby 
slavery was excluded from the Northwest Territory. These attempts, 
however, all signally failed. 

In 1809 it was deemed advisable to divide the Indiana Territory. 
This was done, and the Territory of Illinois was formed from the western 
part, the seat of government being fixed at Kaskaskia. The next year, 
the intentions of Tecumseh manifested themselves in open hostilities, and 
then began the events already narrated. 

While this war was in progress, emigration to the West went on with 
.surprising rapidity. In 1811, under Mr. Roosevelt of New York, the 
first steamboat trip was made on the Ohio, much to the astonishment of 
the natives, many of whom fled in terror at the appearance of the 
" monster." It arrived at Louisville on the 10th day of October. At the 
close of the first week of January, 1812, it arrived at Natchez, after being 
nearly overwhelmed in the great earthquake which occurred while on its 
downward trip. 

The battle of the Thames was fought on October 6, 1813. It 
effectually closed hostilities in the Northwest, although peace was not 
fully restored until July 22, 1814, when a treaty was formed at Green- 
ville, under the direction of General Harrison, between the United States 
and the Indian tribes, in which it was stipulated that the Indians should 
cease hostilities against the Americans if the war were continued. Such, 
happily, was not the case, and on the 24th of December the treaty 
of Ghent was signed by the representatives of England and the United 
States. This treaty was followed the next year by treaties with various 
Indian tribes throughout the West and Northwest, and quiet was again 
restored in this part of the new world. 

On the 18th of March, 1816, Pittsburgh was incorporated as a city. 
It then had a population of 8,000 people, and was already noted for its 
manufacturing interests. On April 19, Indiana Territory was allowed 
to form a state government. At that time there were thirteen counties 
organized, containing about sixty-three thousand inhabitants. The first 
election of state officers was held in August, when Jonathan Jennings 
was chosen Governor. The officers were sworn in on November 7, sad 
on December 11, the State was formally admitted into the Union. For 
some time the. seat of government was at Corydon, but a more central 
location being desirable, the present capital, Indianapolis (City of Indiana), 
was laid out January 1, 1825. 



74 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

On the 28th of December the Bank of Illinois, at Shawneetown, was 
chartered, with a capital of $300,000. At this period all banks were 
under the control of the States, and were allowed to establish bran-ihes 
at different convenient points. 

Until this time Chillicothe and Cincinnati had in turn enjoyed the 
privileges of being the capital of Ohio. But the rapid settlement of the 
northern and eastern portions of the State demanded, as in Indiana, a 
more central location, and before the close of the year, the site of Col- 
umbus was selected and surveyed as the future capital of the State. 
Banking had begun in Ohio as early as 1808, when the first bank was 
chartered at Marietta, but here as elsewhere it did not bring to the state 
the hoped-for assistance. It and other banks were subsequently unable 
to redeem their currency, and were obliged to suspend. 

In 1818, Illinois was made a state, and all the territory north of her 
northern limits was erected into a separate territory and joined to Mich- 
igan for judicial purposes. By the following year, navigation of the lakes 
was increasing with great rapidity and affording an immense source of 
revenue to the dwellers in the Northwest, but it was not until 1826 that 
the trade was extended to Lake Michigan, or that steamships began to 
navigate the bosom of that inland sea. 

Until the year 1832, the commencement of the Black Hawk War, 
but few hostilities were experienced with the Indians. Roads were 
opened, canals were dug, cities were built, common schools were estab- 
lished, universities were founded, many of which, especially the Michigan 
University, have achieved a world wide-reputation. The people were 
becoming wealthy. The domains of the United States had been extended, 
and had the sons of the forest been treated with honesty and justice, the 
record of many years would have been that of peace and continuous pros- 
perity. 

BLACK HAWK AND THE BLACK HAWK WAR. 

This conflict, though confined to Illinois, is an important epoch in 
the Northwestern history, being the last war with the Indians in this part 
of the United States. 

Ma-ka-tai-me-she-kia-kiah, or Black Hawk, was born in the principal 
Sac village, about three miles from the junction of Rock River with the 
Mississippi, in the year 1767. His father's name was Py-e-sa or Pahaes ; 
his grandfather's, Na-na-ma-kee, or the Thunderer. Black Hawk early 
distinguished himself as a warrior, and at the age of fifteen was permitted 
to paint and was ranked among the braves. About the year 1783, he 
Went on an expedition against the enemies of his nation, the Osages, one 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



76 




BLACK HAWK, THE SAC CHIEFTAIN. 



76 THE NORTHWEST TERHTTORY. 

of whom he killed and scalped, and for this deed of Indian bravery he was 
permitted to join in the scalp dance. Three or four years after he, at the 
head of two hundred braves, went on another expedition against the 
Osages, to avenge the murder of some women and children belonging to 
his own tribe. Meeting an equal number of Osage warriors, a fierce 
battle ensued, in which the latter tribe lost one-half their number. The 
Sacs lost only about nineteen warriors. He next attacked the Cherokees 
for a similar cause. In a severe battle with them, near the present City 
of St. Louis, his father was slain, and Black Hawk, taking possession of 
the " Medicine Bag,'' at once announced himself chief of the Sac nation. 
He had now conquered the Cherokees, and about the year 1800, at the 
head of five hundred Sacs and Foxes, and a hundred lowas, he waged 
war against the Osage nation and subdued it. For two years he battled 
successfully with other Indian tribes, all of whom he conquered. 

Black Hawk does not at any time seem to have been friendly to 
the Americans. When on a visit to St. Louis to see his " Spanish 
Father," he declined to see any of the Americans, alleging, as a reason, 
he did not want two fathers. 

The treaty at St. Louis was consummated in 1804. The next year the 
United States Government erected a fort near the head of the Des Moines 
Rapids, called Fort Edwards. This seemed to enrage Black Hawk, who 
at once determined to capture Fort Madison, standing on the west side of 
the Mississippi above the mouth of the Des Moines River. The fort was 
garrisoned by about fifty men. Here he was defeated. The difl&culties 
with the British Government arose about this time, and the War of 1812 
followed. That government, extending aid to the Western Indians, by 
giving them arms and ammunition, induced them to remain hostile to the 
Americans. In August, 1812, Black Hawk, at the head of about five 
hundred braves, started to join the British forces at Detroit, passing on 
his way the site of Chicago, where the famous Fort dearborn Massacre 
had a few da3^s before occurred. Of his connection with the British 
Government but little is known. In 1813 he with his little band descended 
the Mississippi, and attacking some United States troops at Fort Howard 
was defeated. 

In the early part of 1815, the Indian tribes west of the Mississijipi 
were notified that peace had been declared between tire United States 
and England, and nearly all hostilities had ceased. Black Hawk did not 
sign any treat}*, however, until May of the following year. He then recog- 
nized the validity of the treaty at St. Louis in 1804. From the time of 
signing this treaty in 1816, until the breaking out of the war in 1832, he 
and his band passed their time in the common pursuits of Indian life. 

Ten years before the commencement of this war, the Sac and Fox 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 77 

Indians were urged to join the lowas on the west bank of the Father of 
"Waters. All were agreed, save the band known as the British Band, of 
which Black Hawk was leader. He strenuously objected to the removal, 
and was induced to comply only after being threatened with the power of 
the Government. This and various actions on the part of the white set- 
tlers provoked Black Hawk and his band to attempt the capture of his 
native village now occupied by the whites. The war followed. He and 
his actions were undoubtedly misunderstood, and had his wishes been 
acquiesced in at the beginning of the struggle, much bloodshed would 
have been prevented. 

Black Hawk was chief now of the Sac and Fox nations, and a noted 
warrior. He and his tribe inhabited a village on Rock River, nearly three 
miles above its' confluence with the Mississippi, where the tribe had lived 
many generations. When that portion of Illinois was reserved to them, 
they remained in peaceable possession of their reservation, spending their 
time in the enjoyment of Indian life. The fine situation of their village 
and the quality of their lands incited the more lawless white settlers, who 
from time to time began to encroach upon the red men's domain. From 
one pretext to another, and from one step to another, the crafty white 
men gained a foothold, until through whisky and artifice they obtained 
deeds from many of the Indians for their possessions. The Indians were 
finally induced to cross over the Father of Waters and locate among the 
lowas. Black Hawk was strenuously opposed to all this, Init as the 
authorities of Illinois and the United States thought this the best move, he 
was forced to comply. Moreover other tribes joined the whites and urged 
the removal. Black Hawk would not agree to the terms of the treaty 
made with his nation for their lands, and as soon as the military, called to 
enforce his removal, had retired, he returned to the Illinois side of the 
river. A large force was at once raised and marched against him. On 
the evening of May 14, 1832, the first engagement occurred between a 
band from this army and Black Hawk's band, in which the former were 
defeated. 

This attack and its result aroused the whites. A large force of men 
was raised, and Gen. Scott hastened from the seaboard, by way of the 
lakes, with United States troops and artillery to aid in the subjugation of 
the Indians. On the 24th of June, Black Hawk, with 200 warriors, was 
repulsed by Major Demont between Rock River and Galena. The Ameri- 
can army continued to move up Rock River toward the main body of 
the Indians, and on the 21st of July came upon Black Hawk and his band, 
and defeated them near the Blue Mounds. 

Before this action, Gen. Henry, in command, sent word to the main 
army by whom he was immediately rejoined, and the whole crossed the 

XoTE.— The above is the generally accepted version of the cause of the Black Hawk War, but in our History of 
Jo L)av e^s County. 111., we had occasion lo ?'• In il.e buttum of this mutter, and have, we think, found the actual 
cause of the war, which will be found on page 137. 



78 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

Wisconsin in pursuit of Black Hawk and his band who were fleeing to the 
Mississippi. They were overtaken on the 2d of August, and in the battle 
which followed the power of the Indian chief was completely broken. He 
fled, but was seized by the Winnebagoes and delivered to the whites. 

On the 21st of September, 1832, Gen. Scott and Gov. Reynolds con- 
cluded a treaty with the Winnebagoes, Sacs and Foxes by which they 
ceded to the United States a vast tract of country, and agreed to remain 
peaceable with the whites. For the faithful performance of the provi- 
sions of this treaty on the part of the Indians, it was stipulated that 
Black Hawk, his two sons, the prophet Wabokieshiek, and six other chiefs 
of the hostile bands should be retained as hostages during the pleasure 
of the President. They were confined at Fort Barracks and put in irons. 

The next Spring, by order of the Secretary of War, they were taken 
to Washington. From there they were removed to Fortress Monroe, 
"there to remain until tlie conduct of their nation was such as to justify 
their being set at libert3^" They were retained here until the 4th of 
June, when the authorities directed them to be taken to the principal 
cities so that they might see the folly of contending against the white 
people. Everywhere they were observed b}^ thousands, the name of the 
old chief being extensively known. By the middle of August they 
reached Fort Armstrong on Rock Island, where Black Hawk was soon 
after released to go to his countrymen. As he passed the site of his birth- 
place, now the home of the white man, he was deeply moved. His village 
where he was born, where he had so happily lived, and where he had 
hoped to die, was now another's dwelling place, and he was a wanderer. 

On the next day after his release, he went at once to his tribe and 
his lodge. His wife was yet living, and with her he passed the remainder 
of his days. To his credit it may be said that Black Hawk always re- 
mained true to his wife, and served her with a devotion uncommon among 
the Indians, living with her upward of forty years. 

Black Hawk now passed his time hunting and fishing. A deep mel- 
ancholy had settled over him from which he could not be freed. At all 
times when he visited the whites he was received with marked atten- 
tion. He was an honored guest at the old settlers' reunion in Lee County, 
Illinois, at some of their meetings, and received many tokens of esteem. 
In September, 1838, while on his way to Rock Island to receive his 
annuity from the Government, he contracted a severe cold which resulted 
in a fatal attack of bilious fever which terminated his life on October 8. 
His faithful wife, who was devotedly attached to him, mourned deeply 
during his sickness. After his death he was dressed in the uniform pre- 
sented to him by the President while in Washington. He was buried in 
a grave six feet in depth, situated upon a beautiful eminence. " The 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 79 

body was placed in the middle of the grave, in a sitting posture, upon a 
seat constructed for the purpose. On his left side, the cane, given him 
by Henry Clay, was placed upright, with his right hand resting upon it. 
Many of the old warrior's trophies were placed in the grave, and some 
Indian garments, together with his favorite weapons." 

No sooner was the Black Hawk war concluded than settlers began 
rapidly to pour into the northern parts of Illinois, and into Wisconsin, 
now free from Indian depredations. Chicago, from a trading post, had 
grown to a commercial center, and was rapidly coming into prominence. 
In 1835, the formation of a State Government in Michigan was discussed, 
but did not take active form until two years later, when the State became 
a part of the Federal Union. 

The main attraction to that portion of the Northwest lying west of 
Lake Michigan, now included in the State of Wisconsin, was its alluvial 
wealth. Copper ore was found about Lake Superior. For some time this 
region was attached to Michigan for judiciary purposes, but in 1830 was 
made a territory, then including Minnesota and Iowa. The latter State 
was detached two years later. In 1848, Wisconsin was admitted as a 
State, Madison being made the capital. We have now traced the various 
divisions of the Northwest Territory (save a little in Minnesota) from 
the time it was a unit comprising this vast territory, until circumstances 
compelled its present division. 

OTHER INDIAN TROUBLES. 

Before leaving this part of the narrative, we will narrate briefly the 
Indian troubles in Minnesota and elsewhere by the Sioux Indians. 

In August, 1862, the Sioux Indians living on the western borders of 
Minnesota fell upon the unsuspecting settlers, and in a few hours mas- 
sacred ten or twelve hundred persons. A distressful panic was the 
immediate result, fully thirty thousand persons fleeing from their homes 
to districts supposed to be better protected. The military authorities 
at once took active measures to punish the savages, and a large number 
were killed and captured. About a year after, Little Crow, the chief, 
was killed by a Mr. Lampson near Scattered Lake. Of those captured, 
thirty were hung at Mankato, and the remainder, through fears of mob 
violence, were removed to Camp McClellan, on the outskirts of the City 
of Davenport. It was here that Big Eagle came into prominence and 
secured his release by the following order : 



80 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 




BIG EAGLE. 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 81 

"Special Ordei-s No. 430. "War Department, 

" Adjutant General's Office, Washington, Dec. 3, 1864. 

"• Big Eagle, an Indian now in confinement at Davenport, Iowa, 
will, upon the receipt of this order, be immediately released from confine- 
ment and set at liberty. 

" By order of the President of the United States. 
" Official : " E. D. Townsend, AssH Adft Gen. 

" Capt. James Vanderventer, Com'?/ Sub. Vols. 

" Through Cora'g Gen'l, Washington, D. C." 

Another Indian who figures more prominently than Big Eagle, and 
who was more cowardly in his nature, with his band of Modoc Indians,, 
is noted in the annals of the New Northwest: we refer to Captain Jack. 
This distinguished Indian, noted for his cowardly murder of Gen. Canby» 
was a chief of a Modoc tril^e of Indians inhabiting the border lands, 
between California and Oregon. This region of country comprises what 
is known as the " Lava Beds," a tract of land described as utterly impene- 
trable, save by those savages who had made it their home. 

The Modocs are known as an exceedingly fierce and treacherous 
race. They had, according to their own traditions, resided here for many 
generations, and at one time were exceedingly numerous and powerful. 
A famine carried off nearly half their numbers, and disease, indolence 
and the vices of the white man have reduced them to a poor, weak and 
insignificant tribe. 

Soon after the settlement of California and Oregon, complaints began 
to be heard of massacres of emigrant trains passing through the Modoo 
country. In 1847, an emigrant train, comprising eighteen souls, was en- 
tirely destroyed at a place since known as " Bloody Point." These occur- 
rences caused the United States Government to appoint a peace commission,. 
who, after repeated attempts, in 1864, made a treaty with the Modocs, 
Snakes and Klamaths, in which it was agreed on their part to remove to. 
a reservation set apart for them in the southern part of Oregon. 

With the exception of Captain Jack and a band of his followers, who 
remained at Clear Lake, about six miles from Klamath, all the Indians 
complied. The Modocs who went to the reservation were under chief 
Schonchin. Captain Jack remained at the lake without disturbance 
until 1869, when he was also induced to remove to the reservation. The 
Modocs and the Klamaths soon became involved in a quarrel, and Captain 
Jack and his band returned to the Lava Beds. 

Several attempts were made by the Indian Commissioners to induce- 
them to return to the reservation, and finally becoming involvecl in a 



82 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

difficulty with the commissioner and his military escort, a fight ensued, 
in which the chief and his Land were routed. They were greatly enraged, 
and on their retreat, before the day closed, killed eleven inoffensive whites. 

The nation was aroused and immediate action demanded. A com- 
mission was at once appointed by the Government to see what could be 
done. It comprised the following persons : Gen. E. R. S. Canby, Rev. 
Dr. E. Thomas, a leading Methodist divine of California; Mr. A. B. 
Meacham, Judge Rosborough, of California, and a Mr. Dyer, of Oregon. 
After several interviews, in which the savages were always aggressive, 
often appearing with scalps in their belts, Bogus Charley came to the 
commission on the evening of April 10, 1873, and informed them that 
Capt. Jack and his band would have a " talk '" to-morrow at a place near 
Clear Lake, about three miles distant. Here the Commissioners, accom- 
panied by Charley, Riddle, the interpreter, and Boston Charley repaired. 
After the usual greeting the council proceedings commenced. On behalf 
of the Indians there were present : Capt. Jack, Black Jim, Schnac Nasty 
Jim, Ellen's Man, and Hooker Jim. They had no guns, but carried pis- 
tols. After short speeches by Mr. Meacham, Gen. Canby and Dr. Thomas, 
Chief Schonchin arose to speak. He had scarcely proceeded when, 
as if by a preconcerted arrangement, Capt. Jack drew his pistol and shot 
Gen. Canby dead. In less than a minute a dozen shots were fired b}^ the 
savages, and the massacre completed. Mr. Meacham was shot by Schon- 
chin, and Dr. Thomas by Boston Charley. Mr. Dyer barely escaped, being 
fired at twice. Riddle, the interpreter, and his squaw escaped. The 
troops rushed to the spot where they found Gen. Canby and Dr. Thomas 
dead, and Mr. Meacham badly wounded. The savages had escaped to 
their impenetrable fastnesses and could not be pursued. 

The whole country was aroused by this brutal massacre ; but it was 
not until the following May that the murderers were brought to justice. 
At that time Boston Charley gave himself up, and offered to guide the 
troops to Capt. Jack's stronghold. This led to the capture of his entire 
gang, a number of whom were murdered by Oregon volunteers while on 
their way to trial. The remaining Indians were held as prisoners until 
Jul}^ when their trial occurred, which led to the conviction of Capt. 
Jack, Schonchin, Boston Charley, Hooker Jim, Broncho, alias One-Eyed 
Jim, and Slutuck, who were sentenced to be hanged. These sentences 
were approved by the President, save in the case of Slotuck and Broncho 
whose sentences were commuted to imprisonment for life. The others 
were executed at Fort Klamath, October 3, 1873. 

These closed the Indian troubles for a time in the Northwest, and for 
several years the borders of civilization remained in peace. They were 
again involved in a conflict with the savages about the country of the 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



S3 




CAPTAIN JACK, THE MODOC CHIEFTAIN. 



jJ4 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

Black Hills, in which war the gallant Gen. Custer lost his life. Just 
now the borders of Oregon and California are again in fear of hostilities ; 
but as the Government has learned how to deal with the Indians, they 
will be of short duration. The red man is fast passing away before the 
march of the white man, and a few more generations will read of the 
Indians as one of the nations of the past. 

The Northwest abounds in memorable places. We have generally 
noticed them in the narrative, but our space forbids their description in 
detail, save of the most important places. Detroit, Cincinnati, Vincennes, 
Kaskaskia and their kindred towns have all been described. But ere we 
leave the narrative we will present our readers with an account of the 
Kinzie house, the old landmark of Chicago, and the discovery of the 
source of the Mississippi River, each of which may well find a place in 
the annals of the Northwest. 

Mr. John Kinzie, of the Kinzie house, represented in the illustra- 
tion, established a trading house at Fort Dearborn in 1804. The stockade 
had been erected the year previous, and named Fort Dearborn in honor 
of the Secretary of ¥/ar. It had a block house at each of the two angles, 
on the southern side a sallyport, a covered way on the north side, that led 
down to the river, for the double purpose of providing means of escape, 
and of procuring water in the event of a siege. 

Fort Dearborn stood on the south bank of the Chicago River, about 
half a mile from its mouth. When Major Whistler built it, his soldiers 
hauled all the timber, for he had no oxen, and so economically did he 
work that the fort cost the Government only fifty dollars. For a while 
the garrison could get no grain, and W histler and his men subsisted on 
acorns. Now Chicago is the greatest grain center in the world. 

Mr. Kinzie bought the hut of the first settler, Jean Baptiste Point au 
Sable, on the site of which he erected his mansion. Within an inclosure 
in front he planted some Lombardy poplars, seen in the engraving, and in 
the rear he soon had a fine garden and growing orchard. 

In 1812 the Kinzie house and its surroundings became the theater 
of stirring events. The garrison of Fort Dearborn consisted of fifty-four 
men, under the charge of Capt. Nathan Heald, assisted by Lieutenant 
Lenai T. Helm (son-in-law to Mrs. Kinzie), and Ensign Ronan. The 
surgeon was Dr. Voorhees. The only residents at the i)Ost at that time 
were the wives of Capt. Heald and Lieutenant Helm and a few of the 
soldiers, Mr. Kinzie and his family, and a few Canadian voyagers with their 
wives and children. The soldiers and Mr. Kinzie were on the most 
friendly terms with the Pottawatomies and tlie Winnebagoes, the prin- 
cipal tribes around them, but they could not win them from their attach- 
ment to the Biitish. 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



85 



After the battle of Tippecanoe it was observed that some of the lead- 
ing chiefs became sullen, for some of their people had perished in that 
conflict with American troops. 

One evening- in April, 1812, Mr. Kinzie sat playing his violin and his 
children were dancing to the music, when Mrs. Kinzie came rushing into 
the house pale with terror, and exclaiming, " The Indians ! the Indians ! " 
" What? Where? " eagerly inquired Mr. Kinzie. " Up at Lee's, killing 
and scaljiing," answered the frightened mother, Avho, when the alarm was 
given, was attending Mrs. Burns, a newly-made motlier, living not fur off. 




KTNZIE HOUSE. 



Mr. Kinzie and his family crossed the river in boats, and took refuge in 
the fort, to which place Mrs. Burns and her infant, not a day old, were 
conveyed in safety to the shelter of the guns of Fort Dearborn, and the 
rest of the white inhabitants fled. The Indians were a scalping party of 
Winnebagoes, Avho hovered around the fort some days, when they dis- 
appeared, and for several weeks the inhabitants were not disturbed by 
alarms. 

Chicago was then so deep in the wilderness, that the news of the 
declaration of war against Great Britain, made on the 19th of June, 1812, 
did not reach the commander of the garrison at Fort Dearborn till the 7th 
of August. Now the fast mail train will carry a man from New York to 
Chicago in twenty-seven hours, and such a declaration might be sent, 
every word, by the telegraph in less than the same number of minutes. 



86 



THE IS^OETHWEST TERRITORY. 



PRESENT CONDITION OF THE NORTHWEST. 

Preceding chapters have brought us to the close of the Black Hawk 
war, and we now turn to the contemplation of the growth and prosperity 
of the Northwest under the smile of peace and the blessings of our civili- 
zation. The pioneers of this region date events back to the deep snow 




A REPRESENTATIVE PIONEER. 



of 1831, no one arriving here since that date taking first honors. The 
inciting cause of the immigration which overflowed the prairies early in 
the '30s was the reports of the marvelous beauty and fertility of the 
region distributed through the East by those who had participated in the 
Black Hawk campaign with Gen. Scott. Chicago and Milwaukee then 
had a few hundred inhabitants, and Gurdon S. Hubbard's trail from the 
former city to Kaskaskia led almost through a wilderness. Veo-etables 
and clothing were largely distributed through the regions adjoinino- the 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



87 



lakes by steamers from the Ohio towns. There are men now living in 
Illinois who came to the state when barely an acre was in cultivation, 
and a man now prominent in the business circles of Chicago looked over 
the swampy, cheerless site of that metropolis in 1818 and went south 
ward into civilization. Emigrants from Pennsylvania in 1830 left behind 




LINCOLN MONUMENT, SPKINGFIELD, ILLINOIS. 

them but one small railway in the coal regions, thirty miles in length, 
and made their way to the Northwest mostly with ox teams, finding in 
Northern Illinois petty settlements scores of miles apart, although the 
southern portion of the state was fairly dotted with farms. The 
water courses of the lakes and rivers furnished transportation to the 
second great army of immigrants, and about 1850 railroads were 
pushed to that extent that the crisis of 1837 was precipitated upon us, 



88 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



from the effects of which the Western country had not fully recovered 
at the outbreak of the war. Hostilities found the colonists of the prairies 
fully alive to the demands of the occasion, and the honor of recruiting 



i>\(lW^i^V'iI'U!in 




the vast armies of the Union fell largely to the Governors of the "Western 
States. The struggle, on the "whole, had a marked effect for the better on the 
new Northwest, giving it an impetus which twenty years of peace would not have 
produced. In a large degree, this prosperity was an inflated one; and, with 
the rest of the Union, we have since been compelled to atone therefor by four 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 89 

years of depression of values, of scarcity of employment, and loss of 
fortune. To a less degree, however, than the manufacturing or mining 
regions has the West suffered during the prolonged panic now so near its 
end. Agriculture, still the leading feature in our industries, has been 
quite prosperous through all these dark years, and the farmers have 
cleared away many incumbrances resting over them from the period of 
fictitious values. The population has steadily increased, the arts and 
sciences are gaining a stronger foothold, the trade area of the region is 
becoming daily more extended, and v\^e have been largely exempt from 
the financial calamities which have nearly wrecked communities on the 
seaboard dependent wholly on foreign commerce or domestic manufacture. 

At the present period there are no great schemes broached for the 
Northwest, no propositions for government subsidies or national works 
of improvement, but the capital of the world is attracted hither for the 
purchase of our products or the expansion of our capacity for serving ths 
nation at large. A new era is dawning as to transportation, and we bid 
fair to deal almost exclusively with the increasing and expanding lines 
of steel rail running through every few miles of territory on the prairies. 
The lake marine will no doubt continue to be useful in the warmer 
season, and to serve as a regulator of freight rates ; but experienced 
navigators forecast the decay of the system in moving to the seaboard 
the enormous crops of the West. Within the past five years it has 
become quite common to see direct shipments to Europe and the West 
Indies going through from the second-class towns along the Mississippi 
and Missouri. 

As to popular education, the standard has of late risen very greatly, 
and our schools would be creditable to any section of the Union. 

More and more as the events of the war pass into obscurity will the 
fate of the Northwest be linked with that of the Southwest, and the 
next Congressional apportionment will give the valley of the Mississippi 
absolute control of the legislation of the nation, and do much toward 
securing the removal of the Federal capitol to some more central location. 

Our public men continue to wield the full share of influence pertain- 
ing to their rank in the national autonomy, and seem not to forget that 
for the past sixteen years they and their constituents have dictated the 
principles which should govern the country. 

In a work like this, destined to lie on the shelves of the library for 
generations, and not doomed to daily destruction like a newspaper, one 
can not indulge in the same glowing predictions, the sanguine statements 
of actualities that fill the columns of ephemeral publications. Time may 
bring grief to the pet projects of a writer, and explode castles erected on 
a pedestal of facts. Yet there are unmistakable indications before us of 



90 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

the same radical change in our great Northwest which characterizes its 
history for the past thirty years. Our domain has a sort of natural 
geographical border, save where it melts away to the southward in the 
cattle raising districts of the southwest. 

Our prime interest will for some years doubtless be the growth of 
the food of the world, in which branch it has already outstripped all 
competitors, and our great rival in this duty will naturally be the fertile 
plains of Kansas, Nebraska and Colorado, to say nothing of the new- 
empire so rapidly growing up in Texas. Over these regions there is a 
continued progress in agriculture and in railway building, and we must 
look to our laurels. Intelligent observers of events are fully aware of 
the strides made in the way of shipments of fresh meats to Europe, 
many of these ocean cargoes being actually slaughtered in the West and 
transported on ice to the wharves of the seaboard cities. That this new 
enterprise will continue there is no reason to doubt. There are in. 
Chicago several factories for the canning of prepared meats for European 
consumption, and the orders for this class of goods are already immense. 
English capital is becoming daily more and more dissatisfied with railway 
loans and investments, and is gradually seeking mammoth outlays in 
lands and live stock. The stock yards in Chicago, Indianapolis and East 
St. Louis are yearly increasing their facilities, and their plant steadily 
grows more valuable. Importations of blooded animals from the pro- 
gressive countries of Europe are destined to greatly improve the quality 
of our beef and mutton. Nowhere is there to be seen a more enticing 
display in this line than at our state and county fairs, and the interest 
in the matter is on the increase. 

To attempt to give statistics of our grain production for 1877 would 
be useless, so far have we surpassed ourselves in the quantity and 
quality of our product. We are too liable to forget that we are giving 
the world its first article of necessity — its food supply. An opportunity 
to learn this fact so it never can be forgotten was afforded at Chicago at 
the outbreak of the great panic of 1878, when Canadian purchasers, 
fearing the prostration of business mightbring about an anarchical condition 
of affairs, went to that city with coin in bulk and foreign drafts to secure 
their supplies in their own currency at first hands. It may be justly 
claimed by the agricultural community that their combined efforts gave 
the nation its first impetus toward a restoration of its crippled industries, 
and their labor brought the gold premium to a lower depth than the 
government was able to reach by its most intense efforts of legislation 
and compulsion. The hundreds of millions about to be disbursed for 
farm products have akeady, by the anticipation common to all commercial 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



91 



nations, set the wheels in motion, and will relieve us from the perils so 
long shadowing our efforts to return to a healthy tone. 

Manufacturing has attained in the chief cities a foothold which bida 
fair to render the Northwest independent of the outside world. Nearly 




our whole region has a distribution of coal measures which will in time 
support the manufactures necessary to our comfort and prosperity. As 
to transportation, the chief factor in the production of all articles except 
food, no section is so magnificently endowed, and our facilities are yearly 
increasing beyond those of any other region. 



92 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

The period from a central point of the war to the outbreak of the 
panic was marked by a tremendous growth in our railway lines, but the 
depression of the times caused almost a total suspension of operations. 
Now tliat prosperity is returning to our stricken country we witness its 
anticipation by the railroad interest in a series of projects, extensions, 
and leases which bid fair to largely increase our transportation facilities. 
The process of foreclosure and sale of incumbered lines is another matter 
to be considered. In the case of the Illinois Central road, which formerly 
transferred to other lines at Cairo the vast burden of freight destined for 
the Gulf region, we now see the incorporation of the tracks connecting 
through to New Orleans, every mile co-operating in turning toward the 
northwestern metropolis the weight of the inter-state commerce of a 
thousand miles or more of fertile plantations. Three competing routes 
to Texas have established in Chicago their general freight and passenger 
agencies. Four or five lines compete for all Pacific freights to a point as 
as far as the interior of Nebraska. Half a dozen or more splendid bridge 
structures have been thrown across the Missouri and Mississippi Rivers by 
the railways. The Chicago and Northwestern line has become an aggre- 
gation of over two thousand miles of rail, and the Chicago, Milwaukee 
and St. Paul is its close rival in extent and importance. The three lines 
running to Cairo via Vincennes form a through route for all traffic with 
the states to the southward. The chief projects now under discussion 
are the Chicago and Atlantic, which is to unite with lines now built to 
Charleston, and the Chicago and Canada Southern, which line will con- 
nect with all the various branches of that Canadian enterprise. Our 
latest new road is the Chicago and Lake Huron, formed of three lines, 
and entering the city from Valparaiso on the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne 
and Chicago track. The trunk lines being mainly in operation, the 
progress made in the way of shortening tracks, making air-line branches, 
and running extensions does not show to the advantage it deserves, as 
this process is constantly adding new facilities to the established order 
of things. The panic reduced the price of steel to a point where the 
railways could hardly afford to use iron rails, and all our northwestern 
lines report large relays of Bessemer track. The immense crops now 
being moved have given a great rise to the value of railway stocks, and 
their transportation must result in heavy pecuniary advantages. 

Few are aware of the importance of the wholesale and jobbing trade 
of Chicago. One leading firm has since the panic sold -$24,000,000 of 
dry goods in one year, and they now expect most confidently to add 
seventy per cent, to the figures of their last year's business. In boots 
and shoes and in clothing, twenty or more great firms from the east have 
placed here their distributing agents or their factories j and in groceries 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



93 



Chicago supplies the entire Northwest at rates presenting advantages 
over New York. 

Chicago has stepped in between New York and the rural banks as a 
financial center, and scarcely a banking institution in the grain or cattle 
regions but keeps its reserve funds in the vaults of our commercial insti- 
tutions. Accumulating here throughout the spring and summer months? 
they are summoned home at pleasure to move the products of the 
prairies. This process greatly strengthens the northwest in its financial 
operations, leaving home capital to supplement local operations on 
behalf of home interests. 

It is impossible to forecast tho destiny of this grand and growing 
section of the Union. Figures and predictions made at this date might 
seem ten years hence so ludicrously small as to excite only derision. 







HISTORY OF THE NORTHWEST. 



95 



CHICAGO. 

It is impossible in our brief space to give more than a meager sketch 
of such a city as Chicago, which is in itself the greatest marvel of the 
Prairie State. This mysterious, majestic, mighty city, born first of water, 
and next of fire ; sown in weakness, and raised in power ; planted among 
the willows of the marsh, and crowned with the glory of the mountains ; 
sleeping on the bosom of the prairie, and rocked on the bosom of the sea , 




CHICAGO IN ISo'S. 



the youngest city of the -world, and still the eye of the prairie, as Damas- 
cus, the oldest city of the world, is the eye of the desert. With a com- 
merce far exceeding that of Corinth on her isthmus, in the highway to 
the East; with the defenses of a continent piled around her by the thou- 
sand miles, making her far safer than Rome on the banks of the Tiber ; 



96 HISTORY OF THE NORTHWEST. 

with schools eclipsing Alexandria and Athens : with liberties more con- 
spicuous than those of the old republics ; with a heroism equal to the first 
Cartha"-e, and with a sanctity scarcely second to that of Jerusalem — set 
your thoughts on all this, lifted into the eyes of all men by the miracle of 
its growth, illuminated by the flame of its fall, and transfigured by the 
divinity of its resurrection, and you wall feel, as I do, the utter impossi- 
bility of compassing this subject as it deserves. Some impression of her 
importance is received from the shock her burning gave to the civilized 
world. 

When the doubt of her calamity was removed, and the horrid fact 
was accepted, there went a shudder over all cities, and a quiver over all 
lands. There was scarcely a town in the civilized world that did not 
shake on the brink of this opening chasm. The flames of our homes red- 
dened all skies. The city was set upon a hill, and could not be hid. All 
eyes were turned upon it. To have struggled and suffered amid the 
scenes of its fall is as distinguishing as to have fought at Thermopylae, or 
Salamis, or Hastings, or Waterloo, or Bunker Hill. 

Its calamity amazed the world, because it was felt to be the common 
property of mankind. 

The early history of the city is full of interest, just as the early his- 
tory of such a man as Washington or Lincoln becomes public property, 
and is cherished by every patriot. 

Starting with 560 acres in 1833, it embraced and occupied 23,000 
acres in 1869, and, having now a population of more than 500,000, it com- 
mands general attention. 

The first settler — Jean Baptiste Pointe au Sable, a mulatto from the 
West Indies — came and began trade with the Indians in 1796. John 
Kinzie became his successor in 1804, in which 3^ear Fort Dearborn was 
erected. 

A mere trading-post was kept here from that time till about the time 
of the Blackhawk war, in 1832. It was not the city. It was merely a 
cock crowing at midnight. The morning was not yet. In 1833 the set- 
tlement about the fort was incorporated as a town. The voters were 
divided on the propriety of such corporation, twelve voting for it and one 
against it. Four years later it was incorporated as a city, and embraced 
660 acres. 

The produce handled in this city is an indication of its power. Grain 
and flour were imported from the East till as late as 1837. The first 
exportation by way of experiment was in 1839. Exports exceeded imports 
first in 1842. The Board of Trade was organized in 1848, but it was so 
weak that it needed nursing till 1855. Grain was purchased by the 
wagon-load in the street. 

I remember sitting with my father on a load of wheat, in the long 



HISTORY OF THE NORTHWEST. 97 

line of wagons along Lake street, while the buyers came and untied the 
bags, and examined the grain, and made their bids. That manner of 
business had to cease with the day of small things. Now our elevators 
will hold 15,000,000 bushels of grain. The cash value of the produce 
handled in a year is $215,000,000, and the produce weighs 7,000,000 
tons or 700,000 car loads. This handles thirteen and a half ton each 
minute, all the year round. One tenth of all the wheat in the United 
States is handled in Chicago. Even as long ago as 1853 the receipts of 
grain in Chicago exceeded those of the goodly city of St. Louis, and in 
1854 the exports of grain from Chicago exceeded those of New York and 
doubled those of St. Petersburg, Archangel, or Odessa, the largest grain 
markets in Europe. 

The manufacturing interests of the city are not contemptible. In 
1873 manufactories employed 45,000 operatives ; in 1876, 60,000. The 
manufactured product in 1875 was worth $177,000,000. 

No estimate of the size and power of Chicago would be adequate 
that did not put large emphasis on the railroads. Before they came 
thundering along our streets canals were the hope of our country. But 
who ever thinks now of traveling by canal packets ? In June, 1852, 
there were only forty miles of railroad connected with the city. The 
old Galena division of the Northwestern ran out to Elgin. But now, 
who can count the trains and measure the roads that seek a terminus or 
connection in this city ? The lake stretches away to the north, gathering 
in to this center all the harvests that might otherwise pass to the north 
of us. If you will take a map and look at the adjustment of railroads, 
you will see, first, that Chicago is the great railroad center of the world, 
as New York is the commercial city of this continent ; and, second, that 
the railroad lines form the iron spokes of a great wheel whose hub is 
this city. The lake furnishes the only break in the spokes, and this 
seems simply to have pushed a few spokes together on each shore. See 
the eighteen trunk lines, exclusive of eastern connections. 

Pass round the circle, and view their numbers and extent. There 
is the great Northwestern, with all its branches, one branch creeping 
along the lake shore, and so reaching to the north, into the Lake Superior 
regions, away to the right, and on to the Northern Pacific on the left, 
swinging around Green Bay for iron and copper and silver, twelve months 
in the year, and reaching out for the wealth of the great agricultural 
belt and isothermal line traversed by the Northern Pacific. Another 
branch, not so far north, feeling for the heart of the Badger State. 
Another pushing lower down the Mississippi — all these make many con- 
nections, and tapping all the vast wheat regions of Minnesota, Wisconsin, 
Iowa, and all the regions this side of sunset. There is that elegant road, 
the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy, running out a goodly number of 



98 



HISTORY OF THE NORTHWEST. 




OLD FOKT DEARBORN, 1830. 




PRESENT SITE OF LAKE STREET BRIDGE, CHICAGO, IN 1833. 






(deceased) 
coffins grove tp. 



HISTORY OF THE NORTHWEST. 99 

branches, and reaping the great fields this side of the Missouri River. 
I can only mention the Chicago, Alton & St. Louis, our Illinois Central, 
described elsewhere, and the Chicago & Rock Island. Further around 
we come to the lines connecting us with all the eastern cities. The 
Chicago, Indianapolis & St. Louis, the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne & 
Chicago, the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern, and the Michigan Cen- 
tral and Great Western, give us many highways to the seaboard. Thus we 
reach the Mississippi at five points, from St. Paul to Cairo and the Gulf 
itself by two routes. We also reach Cincinnati and Baltimore, and Pitts- 
burgh and Philadelphia, and New York. North and south run the water 
courses of the lakes and the rivers, broken just enough at this point to 
make a pass. Through this, from east to west, run the long lines that 
stretch from ocean to ocean. 

This is the neck of the glass, and the golden sands of commerce 
must pass into our hands. Altogether we have more than 10,000 miles 
of railroad, directly tributary to this city, seeking to unload their wealth 
in our coffers. All these roads have come themselves by the infallible 
instinct of capital. Not a dollar was ever given by the city to secure 
one of them, and only a small per cent, of stock taken originally by her 
citizens, and that taken simply as an investment. Coming in the natural 
order of events, they will not be easily diverted. 

There is still another showing to all this. The connection between 
New York and San Francisco is by the middle route. This passes inevit- 
ably through Chicago. St. Louis wants the Southern Pacific or Kansas 
Pacific, and pushes it out through Denver, and so on up to Cheyenne. 
But before the road is fairly under way, the Chicago roads shove out to 
Kansas City, making even the Kansas Pacific a feeder, and actually leav- 
ing St. Louis out in the cold. It is not too much to expect that Dakota, 
Montana, and Washington Territory will find their great market in Chi- 
cago. 

But these are not all. Perhaps I had better notice here the ten or 
fifteen new roads that have just entered, or are just entering, our city. 
Their names are all that is necessary to give. Chicago & St. Paul, look- 
ing up the Red River country to the British possessions ; the Chicago, 
Atlantic & Pacific ; the Chicago, Decatur & State Line ; the Baltimore & 
Ohio; the Chicago, Danville & Vincennes; the Chicago & LaSalle Rail- 
road ; the Chicago, Pittsburgh & Cincinnati ; the Chicago and Canada 
Southern ; the Chicago and Illinois River Railroad. These, with their 
connections, and with the new connections of the old roads, already in 
process of erection, give to Chicago not less than 10,000 miles of new 
tributaries from the richest land on the continent. Thus there will be 
added to the reserve power, to the capital within reach of this city, not 
less than $1,000,000,000. 



100 HISTORY OF THE NORTHWEST. 

Add to all this transporting power the ships that sail one every nine 
minutes of the business hours of the season of navigation ; add, also, the 
canal boats that leave one every five minutes during the same time — and 
you will see something of the business of the city. 

THE COMMERCE OP THIS CITY 

has been leaping along to keep pace with the growth of the country 
around us. In 1852, our commerce reached the hopeful sum of 
$20,000,000. In 1870 it reached $400,000,000. In 1871 it was pushed 
up above $450,000,000. And in 1875 it touched nearly double that. 

One-half of our imported goods come directly to Chicago. Grain 
enough is exported directly from our docks to the old world to employ a 
semi-weekly line of steamers of 3,000 tons capacity. This branch is 
not likely to be greatly developed. Even after the great Welland Canal 
is completed we shall have only fourteen feet of water. The great ocean 
vessels will continue to control the trade. 

The banking capital of Chicago is $24,431,000. Total exchange in 
1875, $659,000,000. Her wholesale business in 1875 was $294,000,000. 
The rate of taxes is less than in an}'^ other great city. 

The schools of Chicago are unsurpassed in America. Out of a popu- 
lation of 300,000 there were only 186 persons between the ages of six 
and twenty-one unable to read. This is the best known record. 

In 1831 the mail system was condensed into a half-breed, who went 
on foot to Niles, Mich,, once in two weeks, and brought back what papers 
and news he could find. As late as 1846 there was often only one mail 
a week. A post-office was established in Chicago in 1833, and the post- 
master nailed up old boot-legs on one side of his shop to serve as boxes 
for the nabobs and literary men. 

It is an interesting fact in the growth of the young city that in the 
active life of the business men of that day the mail matter has gi'own to 
a daily average of over 6,500 pounds. It speaks equally well for the 
intelligence of the people and the commercial importance of the place, 
that the mail matter distributed to the territory immediately tributary to 
Chicago is seven times greater than that distributed to the territory 
immediately trilmtary to St. Louis. 

The improvements that have characterized the city are as startling 
as the city itself. In 1831, Mark Beaubien established a ferry over the 
river, and put himself vmder bonds to carry all the citizens free for the 
privilege of charging strangers. Now there are twenty-four large brido-es 
and two tunnels. 

In 1833 the government expended $30,000 on the harbor. Then 
commenced that series of manoeuvers with the river that has made it one 



' HISTORY OF THE NORTHWEST. 101 

of the ■world's curiosities. It used to "wind around in tlie lower end of 
the town, and make its way rippling over the sand into the lake at the 
foot of Madison street. They took it up and put it down where it now 
is. It was a narrow stream, so narrow that even moderately small crafts 
had to go up through the willows and cat's tails to the point near Lake 
street bridge, and back up one of the branches to get room enough in 
which to turn around. 

In 1844 the quagmires in the streets were first pontooned by plank 
roads, which acted in wet weather as public squirt-guns. Keeping you 
out of the mud, they compromised by squirting the mud over you. The 
wooden-block pavements came to Chicago in 1857. In 1840 water was 
delivered by peddlers in carts or by hand. Then a twenty -five horse- 
power engine pushed it through hollow or bored logs along the streets 
till 1854, when it was introduced into the houses by new works. The 
first fire-engine was used in 1835, and the first steam fire-engine in 1859. 
Gas was utilized for lighting the city in 1850. The Young Men's Chris- 
tian Association was organized in 1858, and horse railroads carried them 
to their work in 1859. The museum was opened in 1863. The alarm 
telegraph adopted in 1864. The opera-house built in 1865. The city 
grew from 560 acres in 1833 to 23,000 in 1869. In 1834, the taxes 
amounted to $48.90, and the trustees of the town borrowed $60 more for 
opening and improving streets. In 1835, the legislature authorized a loan 
of $2,000, and the treasurer and street commissioners resigned rather than 
plunge the town into such a gulf. 

Now the city embraces 36 square miles of territory, and has 30 miles 
of water front, besides the outside harbor of refuge, of 400 acres, inclosed 
by a crib sea-wall. One-third of the city has been raised up an average 
of eight feet, giving good pitch to the 263 miles of sewerage. The water 
of the city is above all competition. It is received through two tunnels 
extending to a crib in the lake two miles from shore. The closest analy- 
sis fails to detect any impurities, and, received 35 feet below the surface, 
it is always clear and cold. The first tunnel is five feet two inches in 
diameter and two miles long, and can deliver 50,000,000 of gallons per 
day. The second tunnel is seven feet in diameter and six miles long, 
running four miles under the city, and can deliver 100,000,000 of gal- 
lons per day. This water is distributed through 410 miles of water- 
mains. 

The three grand engineering exploits of the city are : First, lifting 
the city up on jack-screws, whole squares at a time, without interrupting 
the business, thus giving us good drainage ; second, running the tunnels 
under the lake, giving us the best water in the world ; and third, the 
turning the current of the river in its own channel, delivering us from the 
old abominations, and making decency possible. They redound about 



102 HISTORY OF THE NORTHWEST. 

equally to the credit of the engineering, to the energy of the people, and 
to the health of the city. 

That which really constitutes the city, its indescribable spirit, its soul, 
the way it lights up in every feature in the hour of action, has not been 
touched. In meeting strangers, one is often surprised how some homely 
women marry so well. Their forms are bad, their gait uneven and awk- 
ward, their complexion is dull, their features are misshapen and mismatch- 
ed, and when we see them there is no beauty that we should desire them. 
But when once they are aroused on some subject, they put on new pro- 
portions. They light up into great power. The real person comes out 
from its unseemly ambush, and captures us at will. They have power. 
They have ability to cause things to come to pass. We no longer wonder 
why they are in such high demand. So it is with our city. 

There is no grand scenery except the two seas, one of water, the 
other of prairie. Nevertheless, there is a spirit a^bout it, a push, a breadth, 
a power, that soon makes it a place never to be forsaken. One soon 
ceases to believe in impossibilities. Balaams are the only prophets that are 
disappointed. The bottom that has been on the point of falling out has 
been there so long that it has grown fast. It can not fall out. It has all 
the capital of the world itching to get inside the corporation. 

The two great laws that govern the growth and size of cities are, 
first, the amount of territory for which they are the distributing and 
receiving points ; second, the number of medium or moderate dealers that 
do this distributing. Monopolists build up themselves, not the cities. 
They neither eat, wear, nor live in proportion to their business. Both 
these laws help Chicago. 

The tide of trade is eastward — not up or down the map, but across 
the map. The lake runs up a wingdam for 500 miles to gather in the 
Inisiness. Commerce can not ferry up there for seven months in the year, 
and the facilities for seven months can do the work for twelve. Then the 
great region west of us is nearly all good, productive land. Dropping 
south into the trail of St. Louis, you fall into vast deserts and rocky dis- 
tricts, useful in holding the world together. St. Louis and Cincinnati, 
instead of rivaling and hurting Chicago, are her greatest sureties of 
dominion. They are far enough away to give sea-room, — ^^farther off than 
Paris is from London, — and yet they are near enough to prevent the 
springing up of any other great city between them. 

St. Louis will be helped by the opening of the Mississippi, but also 
hurt. That will put New Orleans on her feet, and with a railroad running 
over into Texas and so West, she will tap the streams that now crawl up 
the Texas and Missouri road. The current is East, not North, and a sea- 
port at New Orleans can not permanently help St. Louis. 

Chicago is in the field almost alone, to handle the wealth of one- 



HISTORY OF THE NORTHWEST. 103 

fourth of the territory of this great republic. This strip of seacoast 
divides its margins between Portland, Boston, New York, Philadelphia, 
Baltimore and Savannah, or some other great port to be created for the 
South in the next decade. But Chicago has a dozen empires casting their 
treasures into her lap. On a bed of coal that can run all the machinery 
of the world for 500 centuries ; in a garden that can feed the race by the 
thousand years ; at the head of the lakes that give her a temperature as a 
summer resort equaled by no great city in the land ; with a climate that 
insures the health of her citizens ; surrounded by all the great deposits 
of natural wealth in mines and forests and herds, Chicago is the wonder 
of to-day, and will be the city of the future. 

MASSACRE AT FORT DEARBORN. 

During the war of 1812, Fort Dearborn became the theater of stirring 
events. The garrison consisted of fifty-four men under command of 
Captain Nathan Heald, assisted by Lieutenant Helm (son-in-law of Mrs. 
Kinzie) and Ensign Ronan. Dr. Voorhees was surgeon. The only resi- 
dents at the post at that time were the wives of Captain Heald and Lieu- 
tenant Helm, and a few of the soldiers, Mr. Kinzie and his family, and 
a few Canadian voyageurs, with their wives and children. The soldiers 
and Mr. Kinzie were on most friendly terms with the Pottawattamies 
and Winnebagos, the principal tribes around them, but they could not 
win them from their attachment to the British. 

One evening in April, 1812, Mr. Kinzie sat playing on his violin and 
his children were dancing to the music, when Mrs. Kinzie came rushing 
into the house, pale with terror, and exclaiming: "The Indians! the 
Indians!" "What? Where?" eagerly inquired Mr. Kinzie. "Up 
at Lee's, killing and scalping," answered the frightened mother, who, 
when the alarm was given, was attending Mrs. Barnes (just confined) 
living not far off. Mr. Kinzie and his family crossed the river and took 
refuge in the fort, to which place Mrs. Barnes and her infant not a day 
old were safely conveyed. The rest of the inhabitants took shelter in the 
fort. This alarm was caused by a scalping party of Winnebagos, who 
hovered about the fort several days, when they disappeared, and for several 
weeks the inhabitants were undisturbed. 

On the Tth of August, 1812, General Hull, at Detroit, sent orders to 
Captain Heald to evacuate Fort Dearborn, and to distribute all the United 
States property to the Indians in the neighborhood — a most insane order. 
The Pottawattamie chief, who brought the dispatch, had more wisdom 
than the commanding general. He advised Captain Heald not to make 
the distribution. Said he : " Leave the fort and stores as they are, and 
let the Indians make distribution for themselves ; and while they are 
engaged in the business, the white people may escape to Fort Wayne." 







^j^m <^^ (fe ■'''1 )!' 



HISTORY OF THE NORTHWEST. 105 

Captain Heald held a council with the Indians on the afternoon of 
the 12th, in which his officers refused to join, for they had been informed 
that treachery was designed — that the Indians intended to murder the 
white people in the council, and then destroy those in the fort. Captain 
Heald, however, took the precaution to open a port-hole displaying a 
cannon pointing directly upon the council, and by that means saved 
his life. 

Mr. Kinzie, who knew the Indians well, begged Captain Heald not 
to confide in their promises, nor distribute the arms and munitions amono- 
them, for it would only put power into their hands to destroy the whites. 
Acting upon this advice, Heald resolved to withhold the munitions of 
war ; and on the night of the 13th, after the distribution of the other 
property had been made, the powder, ball and liquors were thrown into 
the river, the muskets broken up and destroyed. 

Black Partridge, a friendly chief, came to Captain Heald, and said : 
*' Linden birds have been singing in my ears to-day: be careful on the 
march you are going to take." On that dark night vigilant Indians had 
crept near the fort and discovered the destruction of their promised booty 
going on within. The next morning the powder was seen floating on the 
surface of the river. The savages were exasperated and made loud com- 
plaints and threats. 

On the following day when preparations were making to leave the 
fort, and all the inmates were deeply impressed with a sense of impend- 
ing danger, Capt. Wells, an uncle of Mrs. Heald, was discovered upon 
the Indian trail among the sand-hills on the borders of the lake, not far 
distant, with a band of mounted Miamis, of whose tribe he was chief, 
having been adopted by the famous Miami warrior, Little Turtle. When 
news of Hull's surrender reached Fort Wayne, he had started with this 
force to assist Heald in defending Fort Dearborn. He was too late. 
Every means for its defense had been destroyed the night before, and 
arrangements were made for leaving the fort on the morning of the 15th. 

It was a warm bright morning in the middle of August. Indications 
were positive that the savages intended to murder the white people; and 
when they moved out of the southern gate of the fort, the march was 
like a funeral procession. The band, feeling the solemnity of the occa- 
sion, struck up the Dead March in Saul. 

Capt. Wells, who had blackened his face with gun-powder in token 
of his fate, took the lead with his band of Miamis, followed by Capt. 
Heald, with his wife by his side on horseback. Mr. Kinzie hoped by his 
personal influence to avert the impending blow, and therefore accompanied 
them, leaving his family in a boat in charge of a friendly Indian, to be 
taken to his trading station at the site of Niles, Michigan, in the event of 
his death. 



106 



HISTORY OF THE NORTHWEST. 




HISTORY OF THE NORTHWEST. 107 

The procession moved slowly along the lake shore till they reached 
the sand-hills between the prairie and the beach, when the Pottawattamie 
escort, under the leadership of Blackbird, filed to the right, placing those 
hills between them and the white people. Wells, with his Miamis, had 
kept in the advance. They suddenly came rushing back, Wells exclaim- 
ing, " They are about to attack us ; form instantly." These words were 
quickly followed by a storm of bullets, which came whistling over the 
little hills wliich the treacherous savages had made the covert for their 
murderous attack. The white troops charged upon the Indians, drove 
them back to the prairie, and then the battle was waged between fifty- 
four soldiers, twelve civilians and three or four women (the cowardly 
Miamis having fled at the outset) against five hundred Indian warriors. 
The white people, hopeless, resolved to sell their lives as dearly as possible. 
Ensign Ronan wielded his weapon vigorously, even after falling upon his 
knees weak from the loss of blood. Capt. Wells, who was by the side of 
his niece, Mrs. Heald, when the conflict began, behaved with the greatest 
coolness and courage. He said to her, "We have not the slightest chance 
for life. We must part to meet no more in this world. God bless you." 
And then he dashed forward. Seeing a young warrior, painted like a 
demon, climb into a wagon in which were twelve children, and tomahawk 
them all, he cried out, unmindful of his personal danger, " If that is your 
game, butchering women and children, I will kill too." He spurred his 
horse towards the Indian camp, where they had left their squaws and 
papooses, hotly pursued by swift-footed young warriors, who sent bullets 
whistling after him. One of these killed his horse and wounded him 
severely in the leg. With a yell the young braves rushed to make him 
their prisoner and reserve him for torture. He resolved not to be made 
a captive, and by the use of the most provoking epithets tried to induce 
them to kill him instantly. He called a fiery young chief a squaw, when 
the enraged warrior killed Wells instantly with his tomahawk, jumped 
upon his body, cut out his heart, and ate a portion of the warm morsel 
with savage delight ! 

In this fearful combat women bore a conspicuous part. Mrs. Heald 
was an excellent equestrian and an expert in the use of the rifle. She 
fought the savages bravely, receiving several severe wounds. Though 
faint from the loss of blood, she managed to keep her saddle. A savage 
raised his tomahawk to kill her, when she looked him full in the face, 
and with a sweet smile and in a gentle voice said, in his own language, 
" Surely you will not kill a squaw ! " The arm of the savage fell, and 
the life of the heroic woman was saved. 

Mrs. Helm, the step-daughter of Mr. Kinzie, had an encounter with 
a stout Indian, who attempted to tomahawk her. Springing to one side, 
she received the glancing blow on her shoulder, and at the same instant 



108 HISTORY OF THE NORTHWEST, 

seized the savage round the neck with her arms and endeavored to get 
hold of his scalping knife, which hung in a sheath at his breast. While 
she was thus struggling she Avas dragged from iier antagonist by anc ':hei 
powerful Indian, who bore her, in spite of her struggles, to the margin 
of the lake and plunged her in. To her astonishment she was held by 
him so that she would not drown, and she soon perceived that she was 
in the hands of the friendly Black Partridge, who had saved her life. 

The wife of Sergeant Holt, a large and powerful woman, behaved as 
bravely as an Amazon. She rode a fine, high-spirited horse, which the 
Indians coveted, and several of them attacked her with the butts of their 
guns, for the purpose of dismounting her ; but she used the sword which 
she had snatclied from her disabled husband so skillfully that she foiled 
them ; and, suddenly wheeling her horse, she dashed over the prairie, 
followed by the savages shouting, " The brave woman ! the brave woman ! 
Don't hurt her I " They finally overtook her, and while she was fighting 
them in front, a powerful savage came up behind her, seized her by the 
neck and dragged her to the ground. Horse and woman were made 
captives. Mrs. Holt was a long time a captive among the Indians, but 
was afterwards ransomed. 

In this sharp conflict two-thirds of the white people were slain and 
wounded, and all their horses, baggage and provision were lost. Only 
twenty-eight straggling men now remained to fight five hundred Indians 
rendered furious by the sight of blood. They succeeded in breaking 
through the ranks of the murderers and gaining a slight eminence on the 
prairie near the Oak Woods. The Indians did not pursue, but gathered 
on their flanks, while the chiefs held a consultation on the sand-hills, and 
showed signs of willingness to parley. It would have been madness on 
the part of the whites to renew the fight ; and so Capt. Heald went for- 
ward and met Blackbird on the open prairie, where terms of surrender 
were soon agreed upon. It was arranged that the white people should 
give up their arms to Blackbird, and that the survivors should become 
prisoners of war, to be exchanged for ransoms as soon as practicable. 
With this understanding captives and captors started for the Indian 
camp near the fort, to which Mrs. Helm had been taken bleeding and 
suffering by Black Partridge, and had met her step-father and learned 
that her husband was safe. 

A new scene of horror was now opened at the Indian camp. The 
wounded, not being included in the terms of surrender, as it was inter- 
preted by the Indians, and the British general. Proctor, having offered a 
liberal bounty for American scalps, delivered at Maiden, nearly all the 
wounded men were killed and scalped, and the price of the trophies was 
afterwards paid by the British government. 



THE STATE OF IOWA. 



GEOGRAPHICAL SITUATION. 

The State of Iowa has an outline figure nearly approaching that of a rec- 
tangular parallelogram, the northern and southern boundaries being nearly due 
east and west lines, and its eastern and western boundaries determined by 
southerly flowing rivers — the Mississippi on the east, and the Missouri, together 
with its tributary, the Big Sioux, on the west. The northern boundary is upon 
the parallel of forty-three degrees thirty minutes, and the southern is approxi- 
mately upon that of forty degrees and thirty-six minutes. The distance from 
the northern to the southern boundary, excluding the small prominent angle at 
the southeast corner, is a little more than two hundred miles. Owing to the 
irregularity of the river boundaries, however, the number of square miles does 
not reach that of the multiple of these numbers ; but according to a report of 
the Secretary of the Treasury to the United States Senate, March 12, 1863, 
the State of Iowa contains 35,228,200 acres, or 55,044 square miles. When it 
is understood that all this vast extent of surface, except that which is occupied 
by our rivers, lakes and peat beds of the northern counties, is susceptible of the 
highest cultivation, some idea may be formed of the immense agricultural 
resources of the State. Iowa is nearly as large as England, and twice as large 
as Scotland ; but when we consider the relative area of surface which may be 
made to yield to the wants of man, those countries of the Old World will bear 
no comparison with Iowa. 

TOPOGRAPHY. 

No complete topographical survey of the State of Iowa has yet been made. 
Therefore all the knowledge we have yet upon the subject has been obtained 
from incidental observations of geological corps, from barometrical observations 
by authority of the General Government, and levelings done by railroad en- 
gineer corps within the State. 

Taking into view the facts that the highest point in the State is but a little 
more than twelve hundred feet above the lowest point, that these two points are 
nearly three hundred miles apart, and that the whole State is traversed by 

109 



110 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

(rently flowing rivers, it will be seen that in reality the State of Iowa rests 
wholly within, and comprises a part of, a vast plain, with no mountain or hill 
ranees within its borders. 

A clearer idea of the great uniformity of the surface of the State may be 
obtained from a statement of the general slopes in feet per mile, from point to 
point, in straight lines across it : 

From the N. E. corner to the S. E. corner of the State 1 foot 1 inch per mile. 

From the N. E. corner to Spirit Lake 5 feet 5 inches per mile. 

From the N. W. corner to Spirit Lake 5 feetO inches per mile. 

From the N. W. corner to the S. W. corner of the State 2 feet inches per mile. 

From the S. W. corner to the highest ridge between the two 

great rivers (in Ringgold County)... 4 feet 1 inch per mile 

From the dividing ridge in the S. E. corner of the State 5 feet 7 inches per mile. 

From the highest point in the State (near Spirit Lake) to the 
lowest point in the State (at the mouth of Des Moines 
River) 4 feet inches per mile. 

It will be seen, therefore, that there is a good degree of propriety in regard- 
ing the whole State as a part of a great plain, the lowest point of which within 
its borders, the southeast corner of the State, is only 444 feet above the level of 
the sea. The average height of the whole State above the level of the sea is 
not far from eight hundred feet, although it is more than a thousand miles 
inland from the nearest sea coast. These remarks are, of course, to be under- 
stood as applying to the surface of the State as a whole. When we come to 
consider its surface feature in detail, we find a great diversity of surface by the 
formation of valleys out of the general level, which have been evolved by the 
action of streams during the unnumbered years of the terrace epoch. 

It is in the northeastern part of the State that the river valleys are deepest ; 
consequently the country there has the greatest diversity of surface, and its 
physical features are most strongly marked. 

DRAINAGE SYSTEM. , 

The Mississippi and Missouri Rivers form the eastern and western bounda- 
ries of the State, and receive the eastern and western drainage of it. 

The eastern drainage system comprises not far from two- thirds of the en- 
tire surface of the State. The great watershed which divides these two systems 
is formed by the highest land between those rivers along the whole length of a 
line running southward from a point on the northern boundary line of the State 
near Spirit Lake, in Dickinson County, to a nearly central point in the northern 
part of Adair County. 

From the last named point, this highest ridge of land, between the two great 
rivers, continues southward, without change of character, through Ringgold 
County into the State of Missouri ; but southward from that point, in Adair 
County, it is no longer the great watershed. From that point, another and 
lower ridge bears off more nearly southeastward, through the counties of Madi- 
son, Clarke, Lucas and Appanoose, and becomes itself the great watershed. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. Ill 

RIVERS. 

All streams that rise in Iowa rise upon the incoherent surface deposits, 
occupying at first only slight depressions in the surface, and scarcely percept- 
ible. These successively coalesce to form the streams. 

The drift and bluff deposits are both so thick in Iowa that its streams not 
only rise upon their surface, but they also reach considerable depth into these 
deposits alone, in some cases to a depth of nearly two hundred feet from the 
general prairie level. 

The majority of streams that constitute the western system of Iowa drainage 
run, either along the whole or a part of their course, upon that peculir deposit 
known as bluff deposit. Their banks are often, even of the small streams, 
from five to ten feet in height, quite perpendicular, so that they make the 
streams almost everywhere unfordable, and a great impediment to travel across 
the open country where there are no bridges. 

The material of this deposit is of a slightly yellowish ash color, except 
where darkened by decaying vegetation, very fine and silicious, but not sandy, 
not very cohesive, and not at all plastic. It forms excellent soil, and does not 
bake or crack in drying, except limy concretions, which are generally dis- 
tributed throughout the mass, in shape and size resembling pebbles ; not a 
stone or pebble can be found in the whole deposit. It was called " silicious 
marl" by Dr. Owen, in his geological report to the General Government, and 
its origin referred to an accumulation of sediment in an ancient lake, which 
was afterward drained, when its sediment became dry land. Prof Swallaw 
gives it the name of " bluff," which is here adopted ; the term Lacustral would 
have been better. The peculiar properties of this deposit are that it will stand 
securely with a precipitous front two hundred feet high, and yet is easily 
excavated with a spade. Wells dug in it require only to be walled to a point just 
above the water line. Yet, compact as it is, it is very porous, so that water 
which falls on its surface does not remain, but percolates through it; neither 
does it accumulate within its mass, as it does upon the surface of and within 
the drift and the stratified formations. 

The bluff deposit is known to occupy a region through which the Missouri 
runs almost centrally, and measures, as far as is known, more than two hun- 
dred miles in length and nearly one hundred miles in width. The thickest 
part yet known in Iowa is in Fremont County, where it reaches two hundred 
feet. The boundaries of this deposit in Iowa are nearly as follows : Com- 
mencing at the southeast corner of Fremont County, follow up the watershed 
between the East Nishnabotany and the West Tarkio Rivers to the southern 
boundary of Cass County ; thence to the center of Audubon County ; thence 
to Tip Top Station, on the Chicago & Northwestern Railway ; thence by a 
broad curve westward to the northwest corner of Plymouth County. 

This deposit is composed of fine sedimentary particles, similar to that 
which the Missouri River now deposits from its waters, and is the same which 



112 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

that river did deposit in a broad depression in the surface of the drift that 
formed a hike-like expansion of that river in the earliest period of the history 
of its valley. That lake, as shown by its deposit, which now remains, was 
about one hundred miles wide and more than twice as long. The water of the 
river was muddy then, as now, and the broad lake became filled with the sedi- 
ment Avliich the river brought down, before its valley had enough in the lower 
portion of its course to drain it. After the lake became filled with the sedi- 
ment, the valley below became deepened by the constant erosive action of the 
waters, to a depth of more than sufficient to have drained the lake of its first 
waters ; but the only effect then was to cause it to cut its valley out of the de- 
posits its own muddy waters had formed. Thus along the valley of that river, 
so far as it forms the western boundary of Iowa, the bluffs which border it are 
composed of that sediment known as bluff deposit, forming a distinct border 
alonw the broad, level flood plain, the width of which varies from five to fifteen 
miles, while the original sedimentary deposit stretches far inland. 

All the rivers of the western system of drainage, except the Missouri itself, 
are quite incomplete as rivers, in consequence of their being really only 
branches of other larger tributaries of that great river, or, if they empty into 
the Missouri direct, they have yet all the usual characteristics of Iowa rivers, 
from their sources to their mouths. 

Chariton and Grrand Rivers both rise and run for the first twenty-five miles 
of their courses upon the drift deposit alone. The first strata that are exposed 
by the deepening valleys of both these streams belong to the upper coal meas- 
ures, and they both continue upon the same formation until they make their 
exit from the State (the former in Appanoose County, the latter in Ringgold 
County), near the boundary of which they have passed nearly or quite through 
the whole of that formation to the middle coal measures. Their valleys gradu- 
ally deepen from their upper portions downward, so that within fifteen or twenty- 
miles they have reached a depth of near a hundred and fifty feet below the gen- 
eral level of the adjacent high land. When the rivers have cut their valleys 
down through the series of limestone strata, they reach those of a clayey com- 
position. Upon these they widen their valleys and make broad flood plains 
(commonly termed "bottoms"), the soil of which is stiff' and clayey, except 
where modified by sandy washings. 

A considerable breadth of woodland occupies the bottoms and valley sides 
along a great part of their length ; but their upper branches and tributaries are 
mostly prairie streams. 

Platte River. — This river belongs mainly to ^lissouri. Its upper branches 
pass through Ringgold County, and, with the west fork of the Grand River, 
drain a large region of country. 

Here the drift deposit reaches its maximum thickness on an east and west 
line across the State, and the valleys are eroded in some instances to a depth of 
two hundred feet, apparently, through this deposit alone. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 113 

The term '' drift deposit " applies to the soil and sub-soil of the greater part 
of the State, and in it alone many of our wells are dug and our forests take 
root. It rests upon the stratified rocks. It is composed of clay, sand, gravel 
aud boulders, promiscuously intermixed, without stratification, varying in char- 
acter in different parts of the State. 

The proportion of lime in the drift of Iowa is so great that the water of all 
our wells and springs is too ''hard" for washing purposes; and the same sub- 
stance is so prevalent in the drift clays that they are always found to have suffi- 
cient flux Avhen used for the manufacture of brick. 

One Hundred and Two Rivei' is represented in Taylor County, the valleys 
of which have the same general character of those j ust described. The country 
around and between the east and west forks of this stream is almost entirely 
prairie. 

Nodaway River. — This stream is represented by east, middle and west 
branches. The two former rise in Adair County, the latter in Cass County. 
These rivers and valleys are fine examples of the small rivers and valleys of 
Southern Iowa. They have the general character of drift valleys, and with 
beautiful undulating and sloping sides. The Nodaways drain one of the finest 
agricultural regions in the State, the soil of which is tillable almost to their very 
banks. The banks and the adjacent narrow flood plains are almost everywhere 
composed of a rich, deep, dark loam. 

Nishnahotany River. — This river is represented by east and west branches, 
the former having its source in Anderson County, the latter in Shelby County, 
Both these branches, from their source to their confluence — and also the main 
stream, from thence to the point where it enters the great flood plain of the 
Missouri — run through a region the surface of which is occupied by the blujQf 
deposit. The West Nishnahotany is probably without any valuable mill sites. 
In the western part of Cass County, the East Nishnahotany loses its identity 
by becoming abruptly divided up into five or six different creeks. A few 
good mill sites occur here on this stream. None, however, that are thought 
reliable exist on either of these rivers, or on the main stream below the 
confluence, except, perhaps, one or two in Montgomery County. The 
valleys of the two branches, and the intervening upland, possess remarkable 
fertility. 

Boyer River. — Until it enters the flood plain of the Missouri, the Boyer 
runs almost, if not quite, its entire course through the region occupied bv the 
bluff" deposit, and has cut its valley entirely through it along most of its pas- 
sage. The only rocks exposed are the upper coal measures, near Reed's mill, in 
Harrison County. The exposures are slight, and are the most northerly now 
known in Iowa. The valley of this river has usually gently sloping sides, and an 
ndistinctly defined flood plain. Along the lower half of its course the adjacent 
upland presents a surface of the billowy character, peculiar to the bluff" deposit,. 
The source of this river is in Sac County. 



114 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

Soldier River. — The east and middle branches of this stream have their 
source in Crawford County, and the west branch in Ida County. The whole 
course of this river is through the bluff deposit. It has no exposure of strata 
along its course. 

Little Sioux River. — Under this head are included both the main and west 
branches of that stream, together with the Maple, which is one of its branches. 
The west branch and the Maple are so similar to the Soldier River that they 
need no separate description. The main stream has its boundary near the 
northern boundary of the State, and runs most of its course upon drift deposit 
alone, entering the region of the bluff deposit in the southern part of Cherokee 
County. The two principal upper branches, near their source in Dickinson 
and Osceola .Counties, are small prairie creeks, with indistinct valleys. On 
enterino- Clay County, the valley deepens, and at their confluence has a depth 
of one hundred feet, which still further increases until along the boundary line 
between Clay and Buena Vista Counties, it reaches a depth of two hundred 
feet. Just as the valley enters Cherokee County, it turns to the southward and 
becomes much widened, with its sides gently sloping to the uplands. When the 
valley enters the region of the bluff deposit, it assumes ihe billowy appearance. 
No exposures of strata of any kind have been found in the valley of the Little 
Sioux or any of its branches. 

Floyd River. — This river rises upon the drift in O'Brien County, and flow- 
ing southward enters the region of the bluff deposit a little north of the center 
of Plymouth County. Almost from its source to its mouth it is a prairie stream, 
with slightly sloping valley sides, which blend gradually with the uplands. A 
single slight exposure of sandstone of cretaceous age occurs in the valley near 
Sioux City, and which is the only known exposure of rock of any kind along 
its whole length. Near this exposure is a mill site, but farther up the stream 
it is not valuable for such purposes. 

Rock River. — This stream passes through Lyon and Sioux Counties. It 
was evidently so named from the fact that considerable exposures of the red 
Sioux quartzite occur along the main branches of the stream in Minnesota, a 
few miles north of our State boundary. Within this State tlie main stream and 
its branches are drift streams, and strata are exposed. The beds and banks of 
the streams are usually sandy and gravelly, with occasional boulders intermixed. 
Big Sioux River. — The valley of this river, from the northwest corner of 
the State to its mouth, possesses much the same character as all the streams of 
the surface deposits. At Sioux Falls, a few miles above the northwest corner 
of the State, the stream meets with remarkable obstructions from the presence 
of Sioux quartzite, which outcrops directly across the stream, and causes a fall 
of about sixty feet within a distance of half a mile, producing a series of cas- 
cades. For the first twenty-five miles above its mouth, the valley is very broad, 
with a broad, flat flood plain, with gentle slopes occasionally showing indistinctly 
defined terraces. These terraces and valley bottoms constitute some of the finest 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 115 

agricultural land of the region. On the Iowa side of the valley the upland 
presents abrupt bluffs, steep as the materials of which they are composed will 
stand, and from one hundred to nearly two hundred feet high above the stream. 
At rare intervals, about fifteen miles from its mouth, the cretaceous strata are 
found exposed in the face of the bluffs of the Iowa side. No other strata are 
exposed along that part of the valley which borders our State, with the single 
exception of Sioux quartzite at its extreme northwestern corner. Some good mill 
sites may be secured along that portion of this river which borders Lyon County, 
but below this the fall will probably be found insufficient and the location for 
dams insecure. 

Missouri River. — This is one of the muddiest streams on the globe, and its 
waters are known to be very turbid far toward its source. The chief pecul- 
iarity of this river is its broad flood plains, and its adjacent bluff deposits. 
Much the greater part of the flood plain of this river is upon the Iowa side, and 
continuous from the south boundary line of the State to Sioux City, a distance 
of more than one hundred miles in length, varying from three to five miles in 
width. This alluvial plain is estimated to contain more than half a million acres 
of land within the State, upward of four hundred thousand of which are now 
tillable. 

The rivers of the eastern system of drainage have quite a different character 
from those of the western, system. They are larger, longer and have their val- 
leys modified to a much greater extent by the underlying strata. For the lat- 
ter reason, water-power is much more abundant upon them than upon the 
streams of the western system. 

Des Moines River. — This river has its source in Minnesota, but it enters 
Iowa before it has attained any size, and flows almost centrally through it from 
northwest to southeast, emptying into the Mississippi at the extreme southeast- 
ern corner of the State. It drains a greater area than any river within the 
State. The upper portion of it is divided into two branches known as the east 
and west forks. These unite in Humboldt County. The valleys of these 
branches above their confluence are drift-valleys, except a few small exposures 
of subcarboniferous limestone about five miles above their confluence. These 
exposures produce several small mill-sites. The valleys vary from a few hun- 
dred yards to half a mile in width, and are the finest agricultural lands. In the 
northern part of Webster County, the character of the main valley is modified 
by the presence of ledges and low cliffs of the subcarboniferous limestone and 
gypsum. From a point a little below Fort Dodge to near Amsterdam, in Ma- 
rion County, the river runs all the way through and upon the lower coal-meas- 
ure strata. Along this part of its course the flood-plain varies from an eighth 
to half a mile or more in width. From Amsterdam to Ottumwa the subcarbon- 
iferous limestone appears at intervals in the valley sides. Near Ottumwa, the sub- 
carboniferous rocks pass beneath the river again, bringing down the coal-measure 
strata into its bed ; but they rise again from it in the extreme northwestern part 



116 _ HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

of Van Buren County, and subcarboniferous strata resume and keep their place 
along the valley to the north of the river. From Fort Dodge to the northern 
part of Lee County, the strata of the lower coal measures are present in the 
valley. Its flood plain is frequently sandy, from the debris of the sandstone 
and sandy shales of the coal measures produced by their removal in the process 
of the formation of the valley. 

The principal tributaries of the Des Moines are upon the western side. 
These are the Raccoon and the three rivers, viz.: South, Middle and North Riv- 
ers. The three latter have their source in the region occupied by the upper 
coal-measure limestone formation, flow eastward over the middle coal measures, 
and enter the valley of the Des Moines upon the lower coal measures. These 
streams, especially South and Middle Rivers, are frequently bordered by high, 
rocky clifis. Raccoon River has its source upon the heavy surface deposits of 
the middle region of Western Iowa, and along the greater part of its course it 
has excavated its valley out those deposits and the middle coal measures alone. 
The valley of the Des Moines and its branches are destined to become the seat 
of extensive manufactures in consequence of the numerous mill sites of immense 
power, and the fact that the main valley traverses the entire length of the Iowa 
coal fields. 

Skunk River. — This river has its source in Hamilton County, and runs 
almost its entire course upon the border of the outcrop of the lower coal meas- 
ures, or, more properly speaking, upon the subcarboniferous limestone, just where 
it begins to pass beneath the coal measures by its southerly and westerly dip. 
Its general course is southeast. From the western part of Henry County, up 
as far as Story County, the broad, flat flood plain is covered with a rich deep 
clay soil, which, in time of long-continued rains and overflows of the river, has 
made the valley of Skunk River a terror to travelers from the earliest settle- 
ment of the country. There are some excellent mill sites on the lower half of 
this river, but they are not so numerous or valuable as on other rivers of the 
eastern system. 

loiva River. — This river rises in Hancock County, in the midst of a broad, 
slightly undulating drift region. The first rock exposure is that of subcarbon- 
iferous limestone, in the southwestern corner of Franklin County. It enters 
the region of the Devonian strata near the southwestern corner of Benton 
County, and in this it continues to its confluence with the Cedar in Louisa 
County. Below the junction with the Cedar, and for some miles above that 
point, its valley is broad, and especially on the northern side, with a well 
marked flood plain. Its borders gradually blend with the uplands as they slope 
away in the distance from the river. The Iowa furnishes numerous and valua- 
ble mill sites. 

Cedar River. — This stream is usually understood to be a branch of the 
Iowa, but it ought, really, to be regarded as the main stream. It rises by 
numerous branches in the northern part of the State, and flows the entire length 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 117 

of the State, through the region occupied by the Devonian strata and along the 
trend occupied by that formation. 

The valley of this river, in the upper part of its course, is narrow, and the 
sides slope so gently as to scarcely show where the lowlands end and the up- 
lands begin. Below the confluence with the Shell Rock, the flood plain is more 
distinctly marked and the valley broad and shallow. The valley of the Cedar 
is one of the finest regions in the State, and both the main stream and its 
branches afford abundant and reliable mill sites. 

Wapsipinnicon River. — This river has its source near the source of the 
Cedar, and runs parallel and near it almost its entire course, the upper half 
upon the same formation — the Devonian. In the northeastern part of Linn 
County, it enters the region of the Niagara limestone, upon which it continues 
to the Mississippi. It is one hundred miles long, and yet the area of its drain- 
age is only from twelve to twenty miles in width. Hence, its numerous mill 
sites are unusually secure. 

Turkey River. — This river and the Upper Iowa are, in many respects, un- 
like other Iowa rivers. The difference is due to the great depth they have 
eroded their valleys and the different character of the material through which 
they have eroded. Turkey River rises in Howard County, and in Winnesheik 
County, a few miles from its source, its valley has attained a depth of more than 
two hundred feet, and in Fayette and Clayton Counties its depth is increased to 
three and four hundred feet. The summit of the uplands, bordering nearly the 
whole length of the valley, is capped by the Maquoketa shales. These shales 
are underlaid by the Galena limestone, between two and three hundred feet 
thick. The valley has been eroded through these, and runs upon the Trenton 
limestone. Thus, all the formations along and within this valley are Lower 
Silurian. The valley is usually narrow, and without a well-marked flood plain. 
Water power is abundant, but in most places inaccessible. 

Upper Iowa River. — This river rises in Minnesota, just beyond the north- 
ern boundary line, and enters our State in Howard County before it has attained 
any considerable size. Its course is nearly eastward until it reaches the Mis- 
sissippi. It rises in the region of the Devonian rocks, and flows across the out- 
crops, respectively, of the Niagara, Galena and Trenton limestone, the lower 
magnesian limestone and Potsdam sandstone, into and through all of which, 
except the last, it has cut its valley, which is the deepest of any in Iowa. The 
valley sides are, almost everywhere, high and steep, and cliffs of lower magne- 
sian and Trenton limestone give them a wild and rugged aspect. In the lower 
part of the valley, the flood plain reaches a width sufiicient for the location of 
small farms, but usually it is too narrow for such purposes. On the higher 
surface, however, as soon as you leave the valley you come immediately upon a 
cultivated country. This stream has the greatest slope per mile of any in Iowa, 
consequently it furnishes immense water power. In some places, where creeks 
come into it, the valley widens and affords good locations for farms. The town 



118 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

of Decorah, in Winnesheik County, is located in one of these spots, which 
makes it a lovely location ; and the power of the river and the small spring 
streams around it offer fine facilities for manufacturing. This river and its 
tributaries are the only trout streams in Iowa. 

Mississippi River. — This river may be described, in general terms, as a broad 
canal cut out of the general level of the country through which the river flows. 
It is bordered by abrupt hills or bluffs. The bottom of the valley ranges from 
one to eight miles in width. The whole space between the bluffs is occupied by 
the river and its bottom, or flood plain only, if we except the occasional terraces 
or remains of ancient flood plains, which are not now reached by the highest 
floods of the river. The river itself is from half a mile to nearly a mile in 
width. There are but four points along the whole length of the State where the 
bluffs approach the stream on both sides. The Lower Silurian formations com- 
pose the bluffs in the northern part of the State, but they gradually disappear 
by a southerly dip, and the bluffs are continued successively by the Upper 
Silurian, Devonian, and subcarboniferous rocks, which are reached near the 
southeastern corner of the State. 

Considered in their relation to the present general surface of the state, the 
relative ages of the river valley of Iowa date back only to the close of the 
glacial epoch ; but that the Mississippi, and all the rivers of Northeastern Iowa, 
if no others, had at least a large part of the rocky portions of their valleys 
eroded by pre-glacial, or perhaps even by palaeozoic rivers, can scarcely be 
doubted. 

LAKES. 

The lakes of Iowa may be properly divided into two distinct classes. The 
first may be called drift lakes, having had their origin in the depressions left 
in the surface of the drift at the close of the glacial epoch, and have rested upon 
the undisturbed surface of the drift deposit ever since the glaciers disappeared. 
The others may be properly termed fluvatile or alluvial lakes, because they have 
had their origin by the action of rivers while cutting their own valleys out from 
the surface of the drift as it existed at the close of the glacial epoch, and are now 
found resting upon the alluvium, as the others rest upon the drift. By the term 
alluvium is meant the deposit which has accumulated in the valleys of rivers by 
the action of their own currents. It is largely composed of sand and other 
coarse material, and upon that deposit are some of the best and most productive 
soils in the State. It is this deposit which form the flood plains and deltas of 
our rivers, as well as the terraces of their valleys. 

The regions to which the drift lakes are principally confined are near the 
head waters of the principal streams of the State. We consequently find them 
in those regions which lie between the Cedar and Des Moines Rivers, and the 
Des Moines and Little Sioux. No drift lakes are found in Southern Iowa. 
The largest of the lakes to be found in the State are Spirit and Okoboji, in 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 119 

Dickinson County ; Clear Lake, in Cerro Gordo County ; and Storm Lake, in 
Bunea Vista County. 

Spirit Lake. — The width and length of this lake are about equal , and it 
contains about twelve square miles of surface, its northern border resting directly 
on the boundary of the State. It lies almost directly upon the great watershed. 
Its shores are mostly gravelly, and the country about it fertile. 

Okohoji Lake. — This body of water lies directly south of Spirit Lake, and 
has somewhat the shape of a horse-shoe, with its eastern projection within a few 
rods of Spirit Lake, where it receives the outlet of the latter. Okoboji Lake 
extends about five miles southward from Spirit Lake, thence about the same 
distance westward, and then bends northward about as far as the eastern projec- 
tion. The eastern portion is narrow, but the western is larger, and in some 
places a hundred feet deep. The surroundings of this and Spirit Lake are very 
pleasant. Fish are abundant in them, and they are the resort of myriads of 
water fowl. 

Clear Lake. — This lake is situated in Cerro Gordo County, upon the 
watershed betAveen the Iowa and Cedar Rivers. It is about five miles long, 
and two or three miles wide, and has a maximum depth of only fifteen 
feet. Its shores and the country around it are like that of Spirit Lake. 

Storm Lake. — This body of water rests upon the great water shed in Buena 
Vista County. It is a clear, beautiful sheet of water, containing a surface area 
of between four and five square miles. 

The outlets of all these drift-lakes are dry during a portion of the year, ex- 
cept Okoboji. 

Walled Lakes. — Along the water sheds of Northern Iowa great numbers of 
small lakes exist, varying from half a mile to a mile in diameter. One of the lakes 
in Wright County, and another in Sac, have each received the name of " Walled 
Lake," on account of the existence of embankments on their borders, which are 
supposed to be the work of ancient inhabitants. These embankments are from 
two to ten feet in height, and from five to thirty feet across. They are the 
result of natural causes alone, being referable to the periodic action of ice, aided, 
to some extent, by the force of the waves. These lakes are very shallow, and 
in winter freeze to the bottom, so that but little unfrozen water remains in the 
middle. The ice freezes fast to everything upon the bottom, and the expansive 
power of the water in freezing acts in all directions from the center to the cir- 
cumference, and whatever was on the bottom of the lake has been thus carried 
to the shore, and this has been going on from year to year, from century to 
century, forming the embankments which have caused so much wonder. 

SPRINGS. 

Springs issue from all formations, and from the sides of almost every valley, 
but they are more numerous, and assume proportions which give rise to the 
name of sink-holes, along the upland borders of the Upper Iowa River, owing 



120 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

to the peculiar fissured and laminated character and great thickness of the strata 
of the a<re of the Trenton limestone which underlies the whole region of the 
valley of that stream. 

No mineral springs, properly so called, have yet been discovered in Iowa, 
though the water of several artesian wells is frequently found charged with 
soluble mineral substances. 

ORIGIN OF THE PRAIRIES. 

It is estimated that seven-eighths of the surface of the State was prairie 
when first settled. They are not confined to level surfaces, nor to any partic- 
ular variety of soil, for within the State they rest upon all formations, from 
those of the Azoic to those of the Cretaceous age, inclusive. Whatever may 
have been their origin, their present existence in Iowa is not due to the influ- 
ence of climate, nor the soil, nor any of the underlying formations. The real 
cause is the prevalence of the annual fires. If these had been prevented fifty 
years ago, Iowa would now be a timbered country. The encroachment of forest 
trees upon prairie farms as soon as the bordering woodland is protected from 
the annual prairie fires, is well known to farmers throughout the State. 

The soil of Iowa is justly fixmous for its fertility, and there is probably no 
equal area of the earth's surface that contains so little untillable land, or whose 
soil has so high an average of fertility. Ninety-five per cent, of its surface is 
tillable land. 

GEOLOGY. 

The soil of Iowa may be separated into three general divisions, which not 
only possess difierent physical characters, but also differ in the mode of their 
origin. These are drift, bluff and alluvial, and belong respectively to the 
deposits bearing the same names. The drift occupies a much larger part of the 
surface of the State than both the others. The bluff has the next greatest area 
of surface, and the alluvial least. 

All soil is disintegrated rock. The drift deposit of Iowa was derived, to "a 
considerable extent, from the rocks of Minnesota ; but the greater part of Iowa 
drift was derived from its own rocks, much of which has been transported but a 
short distance. In general terms the constant component element of the drift 
soil is that portion which was transported from the north, while the incoyutant 
elements are those porti(jns Avhicli were derived from the adjacent or underlying 
strata. For example, in Western Iowa, wherever that cretaceous formation 
known as tlie Nishnabotany sandstone exists, the soil contains more sand than 
elsewhere. Tlie same may be said of the soil of some parts of the State occu- 
pied by the lower coal measures, the sandstones and sandy shales of that forma- 
tion furnishing the sand. 

In Northern and Northwestern Iowa, the drift contains more sand and 
gravel than elsewhere. This sand and gravel was, doubtless, derived from the 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA 



121 



cretaceous rocks that now do, or formerly did, exist there, and also in part 
from the conglomerate and pudding-stone beds of the Sioux quartzite. 

In Southern Iowa, the soil is frequently stiff and clayey. This preponder- 
ating clay is doubtless derived from the clayey and shaly beds which alternate 
with the limestones of that region. 

The bluff soil is that which rests upon, and constitutes a part of, the bluff" 
deposit. It is found only in the western part of the State, and adjacent to the 
Missouri River. Although it contains less than one per cent, of clay in its 
composition, it is in no respect inferior to the best drift soil. 

The alluvial soil is that of the flood plains of the river valleys, oi" bottom 
lands. That which is periodically flooded by the rivers is of little value for 
agricultural purposes ; but a large part of it is entirely above the reach of the 
highest floods, and is very productive. 

The stratified rocks of Iowa range from the Azoic to the Mesozoic, inclu- 
sive ; but the greater portion of the surface of the State is occupied by those 
of the Palaeozoic age. The table below will show each of these formations in 
their order : 



SYSTEMS. 

AGES. 



GROUPS. 

PERIODS. 



Cretaceous 

Carboniferous.. 

Devonian 

Upper Silurian 

Lower Silurian 
Azoic 



Post Tertiary 

Lower Cretaceous. 

Coal Measures. 
Subcarboniferous. 



Hamilton 

Niagara 

Cincinnati . 



Trenton. 

Primordial. 
Huronian 



FORMATIONS. 

EPOCHS. 

Drift 

Inoceramous bed 

Woodbunj Sandstone and Shales. 

Nishnabotany Sandstone , 

Upper Coal Measures 

Middle Coal Measures 

Lower Coal Measures , 

St. Louis Limestone 

Keokuk Limestone 

Burl ington Limestone 

Kinderhook beds 

Hamilton Limestone and Shales 

Niagara Limestone 

Maquoketa Shales 

Galena Limestone 

Trenton Limestone 

St. Peter's Sandstone 

Lower Magnesian Limestone.... 

Potsdam Sandstone 

Sioux Quartzite 



THICKNESS. 

IN FEET. 



10 



to 200 

50 
130 
100 
200 
200 
200 

75 

90 
196 
175 
200 
350 

80 
250 
200 

80 
250 
300 

50 



THE AZOIC SYSTEM. 

The Sioux quartzite is found exposed in natural ledges only upon a few 
acres in the extreme northwest corner of the State, upon the banks of the Big 
Sioux River, for which reason the specific name of Sioux Quartzite has been 
given them. .It is an intensely hard rock, breaks in splintery fracture, and a 
color varying, in different localities, from a light to deep red. The process of 
metamorphism has been so complete throughout the whole formation that the 
rock is almost everywhere of uniform texture. The dip is four or five degrees 
to the northward, and the trend of the outcrop is eastward and westward. This 



122 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

rock may be quarried in a few rare cases, but usually it cannot be secured in 
dry forms except that into which it naturally cracks, and the tendency is to 
angular pieces. It is absolutely indestructible. 

LOWER SILURIAN SYSTEM. 

PRIMORDIAL GROUP. 

Potsdam Sandstone. — This formation is exposed only in a small portion of 
the northeastern portion of the State. It is only to be seen in the bases of the 
blufls and steep valley sides which border the river there. It may be seen 
underlying the lower magnesian limestone, St. Peter s sandstone and Trenton 
limestone, in their regular order, along the bluffs of the Mississippi from the 
northern boundary of the State as far south as Guttenburg, along the Upper 
Iowa for a distance of about twenty miles from its mouth, and along a few of 
the streams which empty into the Mississippi in Allamakee County. 

It is nearly valueless for economic purposes. 

No fossils have been discovered in this formation in Iowa. 

Lower Magnesium Limestone. — This formation has but little greater geo- 
graphical extent in Iowa than the Potsdam sandstone. It lacks a uniformity 
of texture and stratification, owing to which it is not generally valuable for 
building purposes. 

The only fossils found in this formation in Iowa are a few traces of crinoids, 
near McGregor. 

St. Peter s Sandstone. — This formation is remarkably uniform in thickness 
throughout its known geographical extent ; and it is evident it occupies a large 
portion of the northern half of Allamakee County, immediately beneath the 
drift. 

TRENTON GROUP. 

Trenton Limestone. — With the exception of this, all the limestones of both 
L pper and Lower Silurian age in Iowa are magnesian limestones — nearly pure 
dolomites. This formation occupies large portions of Winnesheik and Alla- 
makee Counties and a portion of Clayton. The greater part of it is useless for 
economic purposes, yet there are in some places compact and evenly bedded 
layers, which afford fine material for window caps and sills. 

In this formation, fossils are abundant, so much so that, in some places, the 
rock is made up of a mass of shells, corals and fragments of tribolites, cemented 
by calcareous material into a solid rock. Some of these fossils are new to 
science and peculiar to Iowa. 

The Galena Limestone. — This is the upper formation of the Trenton group. 
It seldom exceeds twelve miles in width, although it is fully one hundred and 
fifty miles long. The outcrop traverses portions of the counties of Howard, 
Winnesheik, Allamakee, Fayette, Clayton, Dubuque and Jackson. It exhibits 
its greatest development in Dubuque County. It is nearly a pure dolomite, 
with a slight adinixtui-e of silicious matter. It is usually unfit for dressing, 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 123 

though sometimes near the top of the bed good blocks for dressing are found. 
This formation is the source of the lead ore of the Dubuque lead mines. The 
lead region proper is confined to an area of about fifteen miles square in the 
vicinity of Dubuque. The ore occurs in vertical fissures, which traverse the 
rock at regular intervals from east to west ; some is found in those which have 
a north and south direction. The ore is mostly that known as Galena, or sul- 
phuret of lead, very small quantities only of the carbonate being found with it. 

CINCINNATI GROUP. 

Maquoheta Shales. — The surface occupied by this formation is singularly 
long and narrow, seldom reaching more than a mile or two in width, but more 
than a hundred miles in length. Its most southerly exposure is in the bluffs of 
the Mississippi near Bellevue, in Jackson County, and the most northerly yet 
recognized is in the western part of Winnesheik County. The whole formation 
is largely composed of bluish and brownish shales, sometimes slightly arena- 
ceous, sometimes calcareous, which weather into a tenacious clay upon the sur- 
face, and the soil derived from it is usually stiflf and clayey. Its economic 
value is very slight. 

Several species of fossils which characterize the Cincinnati group are found 
in the Maquoketa shales ; but they contain a larger number that have been 
found anywhere else than in these shales in Iowa, and their distinct faunal char- 
acteristics seem to warrant the separation of the Maquoketa shales as a distinct 
formation from any others of the group. 

UPPER SILURIAN SYSTEM. 

NIAGARA G^OUP. 

Niagara Limestone. — The area occupied by the Niagara limestone is nearly 
one hundred and sixty miles long from north to south, and forty and fifty miles 
wide. 

This formation is entirely a magnesian limestone, with in some places a con- 
siderable proportion of silicious matter in the form of chert or coarse flint. A 
large part of it is evenly bedded, and probably affords the best and greatest 
amount of quarry rock in the State. The quarries at Anamosa, LeClaire and 
Farley are all opened in this formation. 

DEVONIAN SYSTEM. 

HABIILTON GROUP. 

Samilton Limestone. — The area of surface occupied by the Hamilton lime- 
stone and shales is fully as great as those by all the formations of both Upper 
and Lower Silurian age in the State. It is nearly two hundred miles long and 
from forty to fifty miles broad. The general trend is northwestward and south- 
eastward. 

Although a large part of the material of this formation is practically quite 
worthless, yet other portions are valuable for economic purposes ; and having a 



124 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

large geographical extent in the State, is one of the most important formations, 
in a practical point of view. At Waverly, Bremer County, its value for the 
production of hydraulic lime has been practically demonstrated. The heavier 
and more uniform magnesian beds furnish material for bridge piers and other 
material requirinir strength and durability. 

All the Devonian strata of Iowa evidently belong to a single epoch, and re- 
ferable to the Hamilton, as recognized by New York geologists. 

The most conspicuous and characteristic fossils of this formation are bra- 
chiopod, mollusks and corals. The coral Acervularia Davidsoni occurs near 
Iowa City, and is known as " Iowa City Marble," and " bird's-eye marble." 

CARBONIFEROUS SYSTEM. 

Of the three groups of formations that constitute the carboniferous system, 
viz., the subcarboniferous, coal measures and permian, only the first two are 
found in Iowa. 

SUBCARBONIFEROUS GROUP. 

The area of the surface occupied by this group is very large. Its eastern 
border passes from the northeastern part of Winnebago County, with consider- 
able directness in a southeasterly direction to the northern part of Washington 
County. Here it makes a broad and direct bend nearly eastward, striking 
the Mississippi River at Muscatine. The southern and western boundary is to 
a considerable extent the same as that Avhich separates it from the coal field. 
From the southern part of Pocahontas County it passes southeast to Fort Dodge, 
thence to Webster City, thence to a point three or four miles northeast of El- 
dora, in Hardin County, thence southward to the middle of the north line of 
Jasper County, thence southeastward to Sigourney, in Keokuk County, thence 
to the northeastern corner of Jefferson County, thence sweeping a few miles 
eastward to the southeast corner of Van Buren County. Its area is nearly two 
hundred and fifty miles long, and from twenty to fifty miles wide. 

The Kinder Jiook Beds. — The most southerly exposure of these beds is near 
the mouth of Skunk River, in Des Moines County. The most northerly now 
known is in the eastern part of Pocahontas County, more than two hundred 
miles distant. The principal exposures of this formation are along the bluffs 
which border the Mississippi and Skunk Rivers, where they form the eastern 
and northern boundary of Des Moines County, along English River, in Wash- 
ington County ; along the Iowa River, in Tama, Marshall, Hamlin and Frank- 
lin Counties ; and along the Des Moines River, in Humboldt County. 

The economic value of this formation is very considerable, particularly in 
the northern portion of the region it occupies. In Pocahontas and Humboldt 
Counties it is almost invaluable, as no other stone except a few boulders are 
found here. At Iowa Falls the lower division is very good for building pur- 
poses. In Marshall County all the limestone to be obtained comes from this 
formation, and the quarries near LeGrand are very valuable. At this point 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 125 

some of the layers are finely veined with peroxide of iron, and are wrought into 
ornamental and useful objects. 

In Tama County, the oolitic member is well exposed, where it is manufac- 
tured into lime. It is not valuable for building, as upon exposure to atmosphere 
and frost, it crumbles to pieces. 

The remains of fishes are the only fossils yet discovered in this formation 
that can be referred to the sub-kingdom VERTEBRATA ; and so far as yet recog- 
nized, they all belong to the order selachians. 

Of ARTICULATES, only two species have been recognized, both of which 
belong to the genus phillipsia. 

The sub-kingdom mollusca is largely represented. 

The RADIATA are represented by a few crinoids, usually found in a very im- 
perfect condition. The sub-kingdom is also represented by corals. 

The prominent feature in the life of this epoch was molluscan ; so much so 
in fact as to overshadow all other branches of the animal kingdom. The pre- 
vailing classes are : lamellihranchiates, in the more arenaceous portions ; and 
brachiopods, in the more calcareous portions. 

No remains of vegetation have been detected in any of the strata of this 
formation. 

The Burlington Limestone. — This formation consists of two distinct calca- 
reous divisions, which are separated by a series of silicious beds. Both divi- 
sions are eminently crinoidal. 

The southerly dip of the Iowa rocks carries the Burlington limestone down, 
so that it is seen for the last time in this State in the valley of Skunk River, 
near the southern boundary of Des Moines County. The most northerly point 
at which it has been recognized is in the northern part of Washington County. 
It probably exists as far north as Marshall County. 

This formation affords much valuable material for economic purposes. The 
upper division furnishes excellent common quarry rock. 

The great abundance and variety of its fossils — crinoids — now known to be 
more than three hundred, have justly attracted the attention of geologists in all 
parts of the world. 

The only remains of vertebrates discovered in this formation are those of 
fishes, and consist of teeth and spines ; bone of bony fishes, like those most 
common at the present day, are found in these rocks. On BuflEington Creek, in 
Louisa County, is a stratum in an exposure so fully charged with these remains 
that it might with propriety be called bone breccia. 

Remains of articulates are rare in this formation. So far as yet discovered, 
they are confined to two species of tribolites of the genus j^hiUipsia. 

Fossil shells are very common. 
' The two lowest classes of the sub-kingdom radiata are represented m the 
genera zaphrentis, amplexus and syringapora, while the highest class — echino- 
derms — are found in most extraordinary profusion. 



126 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

The Keokuk Limestone. — It is only in the four counties of Lee, Van 
Buren, Henry and Des Moines that this formation is to be seen. 

In some localities the upper silicious portion of this formation is known as 
the Geode bed. It is not recognizable in the northern portion of the formation, 
nor in connection with it where it is exposed, about eighty miles below Keokuk. 

The geodes of the Geode bed are more or less spherical masses of silex, 
usually hollow and lined with crystals of quartz. The outer crust is rough and 
unsightly, but the crystals which stud the interior are often very beautiful. 
They vary in size from the size of a walnut to a foot in diameter. 

The economic value of this formation is very great. Large quantities of its 
stone have been used in the finest structures in the State, among which are the 
post oflSces at Dubuque and Des Moines. The principal quarries are along the 
banks of the Mississippi, from Keokuk to Nauvoo. 

The only vertebrate fossils found in the formation are fishes, all belonging 
to the order selachians, some of which, indicate that their owners reached a 
length of twenty-five or thirty feet. 

Of the articulates, only two species of the genus phillipsia have been found 
in this formation. 

Of the mollusks, no cephalopods have yet been recognized in this formation in 
this State ; gasteropods are rare ; brachiopods and polyzoans are quite abundant. 

Of radiates, corals of genera zaphrentes, amplexus and aulopera are found, 
but crinoids are most abundant. 

Of the low forms of animal life, the protozoans, a small fossil related to the 
sponges, is found in this formation in small numbers. 

The St. Louis Limestone. — This is the uppermost of the subcarboniferous 
group in Iowa. The superficial area it occupies is comparatively small, because 
it consists of long, narrow strips, yet its exten*" is very great. It is first seen 
resting on the geode division of the Keokuk limestone, near Keokuk. Pro- 
ceeding northward, it forms a narrow border along the edge of the coal fields 
in Lee, Des Moines, Henry, Jefferson, Washington, Keokuk and Mahaska 
Counties. It is then lost sight of until it appears again in the banks of Boone 
River, where it again passes out of view under the coal measures until it is 
next seen in the banks of the Des Moines, near Fort Dodge. As it exists in 
Iowa, it consists of three tolerably distinct subdivisions — the magnesian, arena- 
ceous and calcareous. 

The upper division furnishes excellent material for quicklime, and when 
quarries are well opened, as in the northwestern part of Van Buren County, 
large blocks are obtained. The sandstone, or middle division, is of little 
economic value. The lower or magnesian division furnishes a valuable 
and durable stone, exposures of which are found on Lick Creek, in Van Buren 
County, and on Long Creek, seven miles west of Burlington. 

Of the fossils of this formation, the vertebrates are re;)resented only by the 
remains of fish, belonging to the two orders, selachian's and o;anoids. The 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 127 

articulates are represented by one species of the trilobite, genus pMlUpsia, and 
two ostracoid, genera, cythre and heyricia. The mollusks distinguish this 
formation more than any other branch of the animal kingdom. Radiates are 
exceedingly rare, showing a marked contrast between this formation and the 
two preceding it. 

The rocks of the subcarboniferous period have in other countries, and in 
other parts of our own country, furnished valuable minerals, and even coal, but 
in Iowa the economic value is confined to its stone alone. 

The Lower Silurian, Upper Silurian and Devonian rocks of Iowa are largely 
composed of limestone. Magnesia also enters largely into the subcarbon- 
iferous group. With the completion of the St. Louis limestone, the 
production of the magnesian limestone seems to have ceased among the rocks of 
Iowa. 

Although the Devonian age has been called the age of fishes, yet so far as 
Iowa is concerned, the rocks of no period can compare with the subcarbon- 
iferous in the abundance and variety of the fish remains, and, for this reason, 
the Burlington and Keokuk limestones will in the future become more 
famous among geologists, perhaps, than any other formations in North 
America. 

It will be seen that the Chester limestone is omitted from the subcarbon- 
iferous group, and which completes the full geological series. It is probable 
the whole surface of Iowa was above the sea during the time of the 
formation of the Chester limestone to the southward about one hundred 
miles. 

At the close of the epoch of the Chester limestone, the shallow seas in 
which the lower coal measures were formed again occupied the land, extending 
almost as far north as that sea had done in which the Kinderhook beds were 
formed, and to the northeastward its deposits extended beyond the subcarbon- 
iferous groups, outlines of which are found upon the next, or Devonian rock. 

THE COAL-MEASURE GROUP. 

The coal-measure group of Iowa is properly divided into three formations, 
viz., the lower, middle and upper coal measures, each having a vertical thick- 
ness of about two hundred feet. 

A line drawn upon the map of Iowa as follows, will represent the eastern 
and northern boundaries of the coal fields of the State : Commencing at the 
southeast corner of Van Buren County, carry the line to the northeast corner 
of Jeiferson County by a slight easterly curve through the western portions of 
Lee and Henry Counties. Produce this line until it reaches a point six or 
eight miles northward from the one last named, and then carry it northwest- 
ward, keeping it at about the same distance to the northward of Skunk River 
and its north branch that it had at first, until it reaches the southern boundary 
of Marshall County, a little west of its center. Then carry it to a point 



128 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

three or four miles northeast from Eldora, in Hardin County ; thence west- 
ward to a point a little north of Webster City, in Hamilton County; and 
thence further westward to a point a little north of Fort Dodge, in Webster 

County. 

Lower Coal Measures. — In consequence of the recedence to the southward 
of the borders of the middle and upper coal measures, the lower coal measures 
alone exist to the eastward and northward of Des Moines River. They also 
occupy a large area westward and southward of that river, but their southerly 
dip passes them below the middle coal measures at no great distance from the 
river. 

No other formation in the whole State possesses the economic value of the 
lower coal measures. The clay that underlies almost every bed of coal furnishes 
a large amount of material for potters' use. The sandstone of these measures 
is usually soft and unfit, but in some places, as near Red Rock, in Marion 
County, blocks of large dimensions are obtained which make good building 
material, samples of which can be seen in the State Arsenal, at Des Moines. 
On the whole, that portion of the State occupied by the tower coal measures, 
is not well supplied with stone. 

But few fossils have been found in any of the strata of the lower coal meas- 
ures, but such animal remains as have been found are without exception of 
marine origin. 

Of fossil plants found in these measures, all probably belong to the class 
acrogens. Specimens of calamiteSy and several species of ferns, are found in 
all of the coal measures, but the genus lepidodendron seems not to have existed 
later than the epoch of the middle coal measures. 

Middle Coal Measures. — This formation within the State of Iowa occupies 
a narrow belt of territory in the southern central portion of the State, embrac- 
ing a superficial area of about fourteen hundred square miles. The counties 
more or less underlaid by this formation are Guthrie, Dallas, Polk, Madison, 
Warren, Clarke, Lucas, Monroe, Wayne and Appanoose. 

This formation is composed of alternating beds of clay, sandstone and lime- 
stone, the clays or shales constituting the bulk of the formation, the limestone 
occurring in their bands, the lithological peculiarities of which offer many con- 
trasts to the limestones of the upper and lower coal measures. The formation 
is also characterized by regular wave-like undulations, with a parallelism which 
indicates a widespread disturbance, though no dislocation of the strata have 
been discovered. 

Generally speaking, few species of fossils occur in these beds. Some of the 
shales and sandstone have afforded a few imperfectly preserved land plants — 
three or four species of ferns, belonging to the genera. Some of the carbonif- 
erous shales afford beautiful specimens of what appear to have been sea-weeds. 
Radiates are represented by corals. The mollusks are most numerously repre- 
sented. Trilobites and ostracoids are the only remains known of articulates. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 129 

Vertebrates are only known by the remains of salachians, or sharks, and 
ganoids. 

Upper Coal Measures. — The area occupied by this formation in Iowa is 
very great, comprising thirteen whole counties, in the southwestern part of the 
State. It adjoins by its northern and eastern boundaries the area occupied by 
the middle coal measures. 

The prominent lithological features of this formation are its limestones, yet 
it contains a considerable proportion of shales and sandstones. Although it is 
known by the name of upper coal measures, it contains but a single bed of coal, 
and that only about twenty inches in maximum thickness. 

The limestone exposed in this formation furnishes good material for building 
as in Madison and Fremont Counties. The sandstones are quite worthless. No 
beds of clay for potter's use are found in the whole formation. 

The fossils in this formation are much more numerous than in either the 
middle or lower coal measures. The vertebrates are represented by the fishes 
of the orders selachians and ganoids. The articulates are represented by the 
trilobites and ostracoids. Mollusks are represented by the classes cephalapoda, 
gasteropoda, lamelU, branchiata, hrachiapoda and polyzoa. Radiates are more 
numerous than in the lower and middle coal measures. Protogoans are repre- 
sented in the greatest abundance, some layers of limestone being almost entirely 
composed of their small fusiform shells. 

CRETACEOUS SYSTEM. 

There being no rocks, in Iowa, of permian, triassic or Jurassic age, the 
next strata in the geological series are of the cretaceous age. They are found 
in the western half of the State, and do not dip, as do all the other formations 
upon which they rest, to the southward and westward, but have a general dip 
of their own to the north of westward, which, however, is very slight. 
Although the actual exposures of cretaceous rocks are few in Iowa, there is 
reason to believe that nearly all the western half of the State was originally 
occupied by them ; but being very friable, they have been removed by denuda- 
tion, Avhich has taken place at two separate periods. The first period was 
during its elevation from the cretaceous sea, and during the long tertiary age 
that passed between the time of that elevation and the commencement of the 
glacial epoch. The second period was during the glacial epoch, when the ice 
produced their entire removal over considerable areas. 

It is difficult to indicate the exact boundaries of these rocks ; the following 
will approximate the outlines of the area : 

From the northeast corner to the southwest corner of Kossuth County ; 
thence to the southeast corner of Guthrie County; thence to the southeast 
corner of Cass County ; thence to the middle of the south boundary of Mont- 
gomery County ; thence to the middle of the north boundary of Pottawattamie 
County ; thence to the middle of the south boundary of Woodbury County ; 



130 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

thence to Sergeant's bluffs; up the Missouri and Big Sioux Rivers to the 
northwest corner of the State ; eastward along the State line to the place of 
beginning. 

All the cretaceous rocks in Iowa are a part of the same deposits farther up 
the Missouri River, and in reality form their eastern boundary. 

Nishnahotany Sandstone. — This rock has the most easterly and southerly 
extent of the cretaceous deposits of Iowa, reaching the southeastern part of 
Guthrie County and the southern part of Montgomery County. To the north- 
ward, it passes beneath the Woodbury sandstones and shales, the latter passing 
beneath the inoceramus, or chalky, beds. This sandstone is, with few excep- 
tions, almost valueless for economic purposes. 

The only fossils found in this formation are a few fragments of angiosper- 
mous leaves. 

Woodbury Sandstones and Shales. — These strata rest upon the Nishna- 
hotany sandstone, and have not been observed outside of Woodbury County, 
hence their name. Their principal exposure is at Sergeant's Bluffs, seven 
miles below Sioux City. 

This rock has no value except for purposes of common masonry. 

Fossil remains are rare. Detached scales of a lepidoginoid species have 
been detected, but no other vertebrate remains. Of remains of vegetation, 
leaves of salix meekii and sassafras cretaceum have been occasionally found. 

Inoceramus Beds. — These beds rest upon the Woodbury sandstones and 
shales. They have not been observed in Iowa, except in the bluffs which 
border the Big Sioux River in Woodbury and Plymouth Counties. They are 
composed almost entirely of calcareous material, the upper portion of which is 
extensively used for lime. No building material is to be obtained from these 
beds ; and the only value they possess, except lime, are the marls, which at 
some time may be useful on the soil of the adjacent region. 

The only vertebrate remains found in the cretaceous rocks are the fishes. 
Those in the inoceramus beds of Iowa are two species of squoloid selachians, 
or cestratront, and three genera of teliosts. Molluscan remains are rare. 

PEAT. 

Extensive beds of peat exist in Northern Middle Iowa, which, it is esti- 
mated, contain the following areas : 

Counties. Acres. 

Cerro Gordo 1,500 

Worth 2,000 

Winnebago 2,000 

Hancock 1,500 

Wright 500 

Kossuth 700 

Dickinson 80 

Several other counties contain peat beds, but the character of the peat is 
inferior to that in the northern part of the State. The character of the peat 





RICHLAND TR 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 131 

named is equal to that of Ireland. The beds are of an average depth of four 
feet. It is estimated that each acre of these beds will furnish two hundred and 
fifty tons of dry fuel for each foot in depth. At present, owing to the sparse- 
ness of the population, this peat is not utilized ; but, owing to its great distance 
from the coal fields and the absence of timber, the time is coming when their 
value will be realized, and the fact demonstrated that Nature has abundantly 
compensated the deficiency of other fuel. 

GYPSUM. 

The only deposits of the sulphates of the alkaline earths of any economic 
value in Iowa are those of gypsum at and in the vicinity of Fort Dodge, in 
Webster County. All others are small and unimportant. The deposit occupies 
a nearly central position in Webster County, the Des Moines River running 
nearly centrally through it, along the valley sides of which the gypsum is seen 
in the form of ordinary rock clifi" and ledges, and also occurring abundantly in 
similar positions along both sides of the valleys of the smaller streams and of 
the numerous ravines coming into the river valley. 

The most northerly known limit of the deposit is at a point near the mouth 
of Lizard Creek, a tributary of the Des Moines River, and almost adjoining 
the town of Fort Dodge. The most southerly point at which it has been 
found exposed is about six miles, by way of the river, from this northerly point 
before mentioned. Our knowledge of the width of the area occupied by it is 
limited by the exposures seen in the valleys of the small streams and in the 
ravines which come into the valley within the distance mentioned. As one goes 
up these ravines and minor valleys, the gypsum becomes lost beneath the over- 
lying drift. There can be no doubt that the different parts of this deposit, now 
disconnected by the valleys and ravines having been cut through it, were orig- 
inally connected as a continuous deposit, and there seems to be as little reason 
to doubt that the gypsum still extends to considerable distance on each side of 
the valley of the river beneath the drift which covers the region to a depth of 
from twenty to sixty feet. 

The country round about this region has the prairie surface approximating 
a general level which is so characteristic of the greater part of the State, and 
which exists irrespective of the character or geological age of the strata beneath, 
mainly because the drift is so deep and uniformly distributed that it frequently 
almost alone gives character to the surface. The valley sides of the Des Moines 
River, in the vicinity of Fort Dodge, are somewhat abrupt, having a depth there 
from the general level of the upland of about one hundred and seventy feet, 
and consequently presents somewhat bold and interesting features in the land- 
scape. 

As one walks up and down the creeks and ravines which come into the 
valley of the Des Moines River there, he sees the gypsum exposed on 
either side of them, jutting out from beneath the drift in the form of 



132 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

ledges and bold quarry fronts, having almost the exact appearance of 
ordinary limestone exposures, so horizontal and regular are its lines of 
stratification, and so similar in color is it to some varieties of that rock. The 
principal quarries now opened are on Two Mile Creek, a couple of miles below 
Fort Dodge. 

The reader will please bear in mind that the gypsum of this remarkable 
deposit does not occur in "heaps " or " nests," as it does in most deposits of 
gypsum in the States farther eastward, but that it exists here in the form of a 
regularly stratified, continuous formation, as uniform in texture, color and 
quality throughout the whole region, and from top to bottom of the deposit 
as the granite of the Quincy quarries is. Its color is a uniform gray, result- 
ing from alternating fine horizontal lines of nearly white, with similar lines 
of darker shade. The gypsum of the white lines is almost entirely pure, the 
darker lines containing the impurity. This is at intervals barely sufiicient in 
amount to cause the separation of the mass upon those lines into beds or layers, 
thus facilitating the quarrying of it into desired shapes. These bedding sur- 
faces have occasionally a clayey feeling to the touch, but there is nowhere any 
intercalation of clay or other foreign substance in a separate form. The deposit 
is known to reach a thickness of thirty feet at the quarries referred to, but 
although it will probably be found to exceed this thickness at some other points, 
at the natural exposures, it is seldom seen to be more than from ten to twenty 
feet thick. 

Since the drift is usually seen to rest directly upon the gypsum, with noth- 
ing intervening, except at a few points where traces appear of an overlying bed 
of clayey material without doubt of the same age as the gypsum, the latter 
j)robably lost something of its thickness by mechanical- erosion during the 
glacial epoch; and it has, doubtless, also suffered some diminution of thickness 
since then by solution in the waters which constantly percolate through the 
drift from the surface. The drift of this region being somewhat clayey, partic- 
ulary in its lower part, it has doubtless served in some degree as a protection 
against the diminution of the gypsum by solution in consequence of its partial 
imperviousness to water. If the gypsum had been covered by a deposit of sand 
instead of the drift clays, it would have no doubt long since disappeared by 
being dissolved in the water that would have constantly reached it from the sur- 
face. Water merely resting upon it would not dissolve it away to any extent, 
but it rapidly disappears under the action of running water. Where little rills 
of water at the time of every rain run over the face of an unused quarry, from 
the surface above it, deep grooves are thereby cut into it, giving it somewhat the 
appearance of melting ice around a waterfall. The fact that gypsum is now 
suffering a constant, but, of course, very slight, diminution, is apparent in the 
fact the springs of the region contain more or less of it in solution in their 
waters. An analysis of water from one of these springs will be found in Prof. 
Emery's report. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 133 

Besides the clayey beds that are sometimes seen to rest upon the gypsum, 
there are occasionally others seen beneath them that are also of the same 
age, and not of the age of the coal-measure strata upon which they rest. 

Age of the Gypsum Deposit. — In neither the gypsum nor the associated 
clays has any trace of any fossil remains been found, nor has any other indica- 
tion of its geological age been observed, except that which is afforded by its 
stratigraphical relations ; and the most that can be said with certainty is that it 
is newer than the coal measures, and older than the drift. The indications 
afforded by the stratigraphical relations of the gypsum deposit of Fort Dodge 
are, however, of considerable value. 

As already shown, it rests in that region directly and unconformably upon 
the lower coal measures ; but going southward from there, the whole series of 
coal-measure strata from the top of the subcarboniferous group to the upper 
coal measures, inclusive, can be traced without break or unconformability. 
The strata of the latter also may be traced in the same manner up into the 
Permian rocks of Kansas ; and through this long series, there is no place or 
horizon which suggests that the gypsum deposit might belong there. 

Again, no Tertiary deposits are known to exist within or near the borders 
of Iowa to suggest that the gypsum might be of that age ; nor are any of the 
palaeozoic strata newer than the subcarboniferous unconformable upon each 
other as the other gypsum is unconformable upon the strata beneath it. It 
therefore seems, in a measure, conclusive, that the gypsum is of Mesozoic age, 
perhaps older than the Cretaceous. 

Lithological Origin. — As little can be said with certainty concerning the 
lithological origin of this deposit as can be said concerning its geological age, 
for it seems to present itself in this relation, as in the former one, as an isolated 
fact. None of the associated strata show any traces of a double decomposition 
of pre-existing materials, such as some have supposed all deposits of gypsum to 
have resulted from. No considerable quantities of oxide of iron nor any trace 
of native sulphur have been found in connection with it ; nor has any salt been 
found in the waters of the region. These substances are common in association 
with other gypsum deposits, and are regarded by some persons as indicative of 
the method of or resulting from their origin as such. Throughout the whole 
region, the Fort Dodge gypsum has the exact appearance of a sedimentary 
deposit. It is arranged in layers like the regular layers of limestone, and the 
whole mass, from top to bottom, is traced with fine horizontal laminae of alter- 
nating white and gray gypsum, parallel with the bedding surfaces of the layers, 
but the whole so intimately blended as to form a solid mass. The darker lines 
contain almost all the impurity there is in the gypsum, and that impurity is 
evidently sedimentary in its character. From these facts, and also from the 
further one that no trace of fossil remains has been detected in the gypsum, it 
seems not unreasonable to entertain the opinion that the gypsum of Fort Dodge 
originated as a chemical precipitation in comparatively still waters which were 



134 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

saturated with sulphate of lime and destitute of life ; its stratification and 
impurities being deposited at the same time as clayey impurities which had been 
held suspended in the same waters. 

Physical Properties. — Much has already been said of the physical proper- 
ties or character of this gypsum, but as it is so diflFerent in some respects from 
that of other deposits, there are yet other matters worthy of mention in connec- 
tion with those. According to the results of a complete and exhaustive anal- 
ysis by Prof. Emery, the ordinary gray gypsum contains only about eight per 
cent, of impurity ; and it is possible that the average impurity for the whole 
deposit Avill not exceed that proportion, so uniform in quality is it from to top 
to bottom and from one end of the region to the other. 

When it is remembered that plaster for agricultural purposes is sometimes 
prepared from gypsum that contains as much as thirty per cent, of impurity, it 
will be seen that ours is a very superior article for such purposes. The impu- 
rities are also of such a character that they do not in any way interfere with its 
value for use in the arts. Although the gypsum rock has a gray color, it 
becomes quite white by grinding, and still whiter by the calcining process nec- 
essary in the preparation of plaster of Paris. These tests have all been practi- 
cally made in the rooms of the Geological Survey, and the quality of the plaster 
of Paris still further tested by actual use and experiment. No hesitation, 
therefore, is felt in stating that the Fort Dodge gypsum is of as good a quality 
as any in the country, even for the finest uses. 

In view of the bounteousness of the primitive fertility of our Iowa soils, 
many persons forget that a time may come when Nature will refuse to respond 
so generously to our demand as she does now, without an adequate return. 
Such are apt to say that this vast deposit of gypsum is valueless to our com- 
monwealth, except to the small extent that it may be used in the arts. This 
is undoubtedly a short-sighted view of the subject, for the time is even now 
rapidly passing away Avhen a man may purchase a new farm for less money 
than he can re-fertilize and restore the partially wasted primitive fertility of the 
one he now occupies. There are farms even now in a large part of the older 
settled portions of the State that would be greatly benefited by the proper 
application of plaster, and such areas will continue to increase until it will be 
difficult to estimate the value of the deposit of gypsum at Fort Dodge. It 
should be remembered, also, that the inhabitants of an extent of country 
adjoining our State more than three times as great as its own area will find it 
more convenient to obtain their supplies from Fort Dodge than from any other 
source. 

For want of direct railroad communication between this region and other 
parts of the State, the only use yet made of the gypsum by the inhabitants is 
lor the purposes of ordinary building stone. It is so compact that it is found 
to be comparatively unaffected by the frost, and its ordinary situation in walls 
of houses is such that it is protected from the dissolving action of water, which 



HlSiURY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 135 

can at most reach it only from occasional rains, and the effect of these is too 
slight to be perceived after the lapse of several years. 

One of the citizens of Fort Dodge, Hon. John F. Duncombe, built a large, 
fine residence of it, in 1861, the walls of which appear as unaffected by 
exposure and as beautiful as they were when first erected. It has been so long 
and successfully used for building stone by the inhabitants that they now prefer 
it to the limestone of good quality, which also exists in the immediate vicinity. 
This preference is due to the cheapness of the gypsum, as compared with the 
stone. The cheapness of the former is largely due to the facility with which it 
is quarried and wrought. Several other houses have been constructed of it in 
Fort Dodge, including the depot building of the Dubuque & Sioux City Rail- 
road. The company have also constructed a large culvert of the same material 
to span a creek near the town, limestone only being used for the lower courses, 
which come in contact with the water. It is a fine arch, each stone of gypsum 
being nicely hewn, and it will doubtless prove a very durable one. Many of 
the sidewalks in the town are made of the slabs or flags of gypsum which occur 
in some of the quarries in the form of thin layers. They are more durable 
than their softness would lead one to suppose. They also possess an advantage 
over stone in not becoming slippery when worn. 

The method adopted in quarrying and dressing the blocks of gypsum is 
peculiar, and quite unlike that adopted in similar treatment of ordinary stone. 
Taking a stout auger-bit of an ordinary brace, such as is used by carpenters, 
and filing the cutting parts of it into a peculiar form, the quarry man bores his 
holes into the gypsum quarry for blasting, in the same manner and with as 
great facility as a carpenter would bore hard wood. The pieces being loosened 
by blasting, they are broken up with sledges into convenient sizes, or hewn 
into the desired shapes by means of hatchets or ordinary chopping axes, or cut 
by means of ordinary wood-saws. So little grit does the gypsum contain that 
these tools, made for working wood, are found to be better adapted for working 
the former substance than those tools are which are universally used for work- 
ing stone. 

MINOR DEPOSITS OF SULPHATE OF LIME. 

Besides the great gypsum deposit of Fort Dodge, sulphate of lime in the 
various forms of fibrous gypsum, selenite, and small, amorphous masses, has 
also been discovered in various formations in different parts of the State, includ- 
ing the coal -measure shales near Fort Dodge, where it exists in small quanti- 
ties, quite independently of the great gypsum deposit there. The quantity of 
gypsum in these minor deposits is always too small to be of any practical value, 
and frequently minute. They usually occur in shales and shaly clays, asso- 
ciated with strata that contain more or less sulphuret of iron (iron pyrites). 
Gypsum has thus been detected in the coal measures, the St. Louis limestone, 
the cretaceous strata, and also in the lead caves of Dubuque. In most of these 
cases it is evidently the result of double decomposition of iron pyrites and car- 



130 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

bonate of lime, previously existing there ; in which cases the gypsum is of course 
not an original deposit as the great one at Fort Dodge is supposed to be. 

The existence of these comparatively minute quantities of gypsum in the 
shales of the coal measures and the subcarboniferous limestone which are exposed 
within the ref^ion of and occupy a stratigraphical position beneath the great 
gypsum dej)osits, suggests the possibility that the former may have originated as 
a precipitate from percolating waters, holding gypsum in solution which they 
had derived from that deposit in passing over or through it. Since, however, 
the same substance is found in similar sm-ill quantities and under similar con- 
ditions in regions where they could have had no possible connection with that 
deposit, it is believed that none of those mentioned have necessarily originated 
from it, not even those that are found in close proximity to it. 

The gypsum found in the lead caves is usually in the form of efflorescent 
fibers, and is always in small quantity. In the lower coal-measure shale near 
Fort Dodge, a small mass was found in the form of an intercalated layer, which 
hid a distinct fibrous structure, the fibers being perpendicular to the plane of 
the layer. The same mass had also distinct, horizontal planes of cleavage at 
right angles with the perpendicular fibers. Thus, being more or less transpa- 
rent, the mass combined the characters of both fibrous gypsum and selenite. 
No anhydrous sulphate of lime {cinh/drite) has been found in connection with 
the great gypsum deposit, nor elsewhere in loAva, so far as yet known. 

SULPHATE OF STRONTIA. 
{^Celes ine.) 
The only locality at which this interesting mineral has yet been found in 
Iowa, or, so far as is known, in the great valley of the Mississippi, is at Fort 
Dodge. It occurs there in very small quantity in both the shales of the lower 
coal measures and in the clays that overlie the gypsum deposit, and which are 
regarded as of the same age with it. The first is just below the city, near Rees' 
coal bank, and occurs as a layer intercalated among the coal measure shales, 
amounting in quantity to only a few hundred pounds' weight. The mineral is 
fibrous and crystalline, the fibers being perpendicular to the plane of the layer. 
Breaking also with more or less distinct horizontal planes of cleavage, it resem- 
bles, in physical character, the layer of fibro-crystalline gypsum before men- 
tioned. Its color is light blue, is transparent and shows crystaline facets upon 
both the upper and under sur{\ices of the layer ; those of the upper surface 
being smallest and most numerous. It breaks up readily into small masses 
along the lines of the perpendicular fibers or columns. The layer is probably 
not more than a rod in extent in any direction and about three inches in maxi- 
mum thickness. Apparent lines of stratification occur in it, corresponding with 
those of the shales which imbed it. 

The other deposit was still smaller in amount, and occurred as a mass of 
crystals imbedded in the clays that overlie the gypsum at Cummins' quarry in 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. lo7 

the valley of Soldier Creek, upon the north side of the town. The mineral is 
in this case nearly colorless, and but for the form of the separate crystals would 
closely resemble masses of impure salt. The crystals are so closely aggregated 
that they enclose but little impurity in the mass, but in almost all cases their 
fundamental forms are obscured. This mineral has almost no real practical 
value, and its occurrence, as described, is interesting only as a mineralogical 
fact. 

SULPHATE OF BARYTA. 

{^Barytcs, Heavy Spar.) 

This mineral has been found only in minute quantities in Iowa. It has 
been detected in the coal-measure shales of Decatur, Madison and Marion 
Counties, the Devonian limestone of Johnson and Bremer Counties and in the 
lead caves of Dubuque. In all these cases, it is in the form of crystals or small 
crystalline masses. 

SULPHATE OF MAGNESIA. 

[Epsormte.) 

Epsomite, or native epsom salts, having been discovered near Burlington, 
we have thus recognized in Iowa all the sulphates of the alkaline earths of 
natural origin ; all of them, except the sulphate of lime, being in very small 
quantity. Even if the sulphate of magnesia were produced in nature, in large 
f]|uantities, it is so very soluble that it can accumulate only in such positions as 
afford it complete shelter from the rains or running water The epsomite 
mentioned was found beneath the overhanging cliff of Burlington limestone, 
near Starr's mill, which are represented in the sketch upon another page, illus- 
trating the subcarboniferous rocks. It occurs in the form of efflorescent encrus- 
tations upon the surface of stones and in similar small fragile masses among the 
fine debris that has fallen down beneath the overhanging cliff. The projection 
of the cliff over the perpendicular face of the strata beneath amounts to near 
twenty feet at the point where epsomite was found. Consequently the rains 
never reach far beneath it from any quarter. The rock upon which the epsom- 
ite accumulates is an impure limestone, containing also some carbonate of mag- 
nesia, together with a small proportion of iron pyrites in a finely divided con- 
dition. It is doubtless by doujble decomposition of these that the epsomite re- 
sults. By experiments with this native salt in the office of the Survey, a fine 
article of epsom salts "was produced, but the quantity that might be annually 
obtained there would amount to only a few pounds, and of course is of no prac- 
tical value whatever, on account of its cheapness in the market. 

CLIMATOLOGY. 

No extended record of the climatology of Iowa has been made, yet much of 
great value may be learned from observations made at a single point. Prof. T. 
S. Parvin, of the State University, has recorded observations made from 1839 
to the present time. Previous to 1860, these observations were made at Mus- 



138 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

catine. Since that date, they were made in Iowa City. The result is that the 
atmospheric conditions of the climate of Iowa are in the highest degree favor- 
able to health. 

The highest temperature here occurs in August, while July is the hottest 
month in the year by two degrees, and January the coldest by three degrees. 

The mean temperature of April and October most nearly corresponds to the 
mean temperature of the year, as well as their seasons of Spring and Fall, 
while that of Summer and "Winter is best represented in that of August and 
December. 

The period of greatest heat ranges from June 22d to August 31st ; the next 
mean time being July 27th. The lowest temperature extends from December 
16th to February 15th, the average being January 20th — the range in each 
case being two full months. 

The climate of Iowa embraces the range of that of New York, Pennsyl- 
vania, Ohio, Indiana and Illinois. The seasons are not characterized by the 
frequent and sudden changes so common in the latitudes further south. The 
temperature of the Winters is somewhat lower than States eastward, but of other 
seasons it is higher. The atmosphere is dry and invigorating. The surface of 
the State being free at all seasons of the year from stagnant water, with good 
breezes at nearly all seasons, the miasmatic and pulmonary diseases are 
unknown. Mortuary statistics show this to be one of the* most healthful States 
in the Union, being one death to every ninety-four persons. The Spring, 
Summer and Fall months are delightful ; indeed, the glory of Iowa is her 
Autumn, and nothing can transcend the splendor of her Indian Summer, which 
lasts for weeks, and finally blends, almost imperceptibly, into Winter. 




HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 



DISCOVERY AND OCCUPATION. 

Iowa, in tlie symbolical and expressive language of the aboriginal inhab- 
itants, is said to signify " The Beautiful Land," and was applied to this 
magnificent and fruitful region by its ancient owners, to express their apprecia- 
tion of its superiority of climate, soil and location. Prior to 1803, the Mississippi 
River was the extreme western boundary of the United States. All the great 
empire lying west of the " Father of Waters," from the Gulf of Mexico on the 
south to British America on the north, and westward to the Pacific Ocean was 
a Spanish province. A brief historical sketch of the discovery and occupation 
of this grand empire by the Spanish and French governments will be a fitting 
introduction to the history of the young and thriving State of Iowa, which, 
until the commencement of the present century, was a part of the Spanish 
possessions in America. 

Early in the Spring of 1542, fifty years after Columbus discovered the New 
World, and one hundred and thirty years before the French missionaries discov- 
ered its upper waters, Ferdinand De Soto discovered the mouth of the Mississippi 
River at the mouth of the Washita. After the sudden death of De Soto, in 
May of the same year, his followers built a small vessel, and in July, 1543, 
descended the great river to the Gulf of Mexico. 

In accordance with the usage of nations, under which title to the soil was 
claimed by right of discovery, Spain, having conquered Florida and discovered 
the Mississippi, claimed all the territory bordering on tliat river and the Gulf of 
Mexico. But it was also held by the European nations that, while discovery 
gave title, that title must be perfected by actual possession and occupation. 
Although Spain claimed the territory by right of first discovery, she made no 
effort to occupy it ; by no permanent settlement had she perfected and held her 
title, and therefore had forfeited it when, at a later period, the Lower Mississippi 
Valley was re-discovered and occupied by France. 

The unparalleled labors of the zealous French Jesuits of Canada in penetrating 
the unknown region of the West, commencing in 1611, form a history of no ordi- 
nary interest, but have no particular connection with the scope of the present 
work, until in the Fall of 1665. Pierre Claude Allouez, who had entered Lake 
Superior in September, and sailed along the southern coast in search of copper, 
had arrived at the great village of the Chippewas at Chegoincegon. Here a 
grand council of some ten or twelve of the principal Indian nations was held. 
The Pottawatomies of Lake Michigan, the Sacs and Foxes of the West, the 
Hurons from the North, the Illinois from the South, and the Sioux from the 
land of the prairie and wild rice, were all assembled there. The Illinois told 



140 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

the storv of their ancient glory and about the noble river on the banks of which 
they dwelt. The Sioux also told their white brother of the same great river, 
and Allouez promised to the assembled tribes the protection of the French 
nation against all their enemies, native or foreign. 

The '"purpose of discovering the great river about which the Indian na- 
tions had given such glowing accounts appears to have originated with Mar- 
quette, in 1G69. In the year previous, he and Claude Dablon had established 
the Mission of St. Mary's, the oldest white settlement within the present limits 
of the State of Michigan. Marquette was delayed in the execution of his great 
undertaking, and spent the interval in studying the language and habits of the 
Illinois Indians, among whom he expected to travel. 

About this time, the French Government had determined to extend the do- 
minion of France to the extreme western borders of Canada. Nicholas Perrot 
was sent as the agent of the government, to propose a grand council of the 
Indian nations, at St. Mary's. 

When Perrot reached Green Bay, he extended the invitation far and near ; 
and, escorted by Pottawatomies, repaired on a mission of peace and friend- 
ship to the Miamis, who occupied the region about the present location of 
Chicago. 

In May, 1671, a great council of Indians gathered at the Falls of St. 
Mary, from all parts of the Northwest, from the head waters of the St. Law- 
rence, from the valley of the Mississippi and from the Red River of the North. 
Perrot met with them, and after grave consultation, formally announced to the 
assembled nations that their good French Father felt an abiding interest in their 
welfare, and had placed them all under the powerful protection of the French 
Government. 

Marquette, during that same year, had gathered at Point St. Ignace the 
remn ants of one branch of the Hurons. This station, for a long series of 
years, was considered the key to the unknown West. 

The time was now auspicious for the consummation of Marquette's grand 
project. The successful termination of Perrot's mission, and the general friend- 
liness of the native tribes, rendered the contemplated expedition much less per- 
ilous. But it Avas not until 1673 that the intrepid and enthusiastic priest was 
finally ready to depart on his daring and perilous journey to lands never trod by 
white men. 

The Indians, who had gathered in large numbers to witness his departure, 
were astounded at the boldness of the proposed undertaking, and tried to dis- 
courage him, representing that the Indians of the Mississippi Valley Avere cruel 
and l»loodthirsty, and would resent the intrusion of strangers upon their domain. 
The great river itself, they said, was the abode of terrible monsters, who could 
swallow both canoes and men. 

But Mar(|uette was not to be diverted from his purpose by these fearful re- 
ports. He assured his dusky friends that he was ready to make any sacrifice, 
even to lay down his life for the sacred cause in which he was engaged. He 
prayed with them ; and having implored the blessing of God upon his undertak- 
ing, on the l;3th day of May, 1673, with Jolict and five Canadian-French voy- 
ageurs, or boatmen, he left the mission on his daring journey. Ascending 
(rreen Bay and Fox River, these bold and enthusiastic pioneers of religion and 
discovery proceeded until they reached a Miami and Kickapoo village, where 
Maniuette was delighted to find " a beautiful cross planted in the middle of the 
town, ornamented with white skins, red girdles and bows and arrows, which 
these good people had oftered to the Great Manitou, or God, to thank Him for 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 1-41 

the pity He had bestowed on them during the Winter, in having given them 
abundant chase." 

This was the extreme point beyond which the explorations of the French 
missionaries had not then extended. Here Marquette was instructed by his 
Indian hosts in the secret of a root that cures the bite of the venomous rattle- 
snake, drank mineral water with them and was entertained with generous hos- 
pitality. He called together the principal men of the village, and informed 
them that his companion, Joliet, had been sent by the French Governor of Can- 
ada to discover new countries, to be added to the dominion of France ; but that 
he, himself, had been sent by the Most High God, to carry the glorious religion 
of the Cross ; and assured his wondering hearers that on this mission he had 
no fear of death, to which he knew he would be exposed on his perilous journeys. 

Obtaining the services of two Miami guides, to conduct his little band to the 
Wisconsin River, he left the hospitable Indians on the 10th of June. Conduct- 
ing them across the })ortage, their Indian guides returned to their village, and 
the little party descended the Wisconsin, to the great river which had so long 
been so anxiously looked for, and boldly floated down its unknown waters. 

On the 25th of June, the explorers discovered indications of Indians on the 
west bank of the river and land jd a little above the mouth of the river now 
known as Des Moines, and for the first time Europeans trod the soil of Iowa. 
Leaving tlie Canadians to guard the canoes, Marquette and Joliet boldly fol- 
lowed the trail into the interior for fourteen miles (some authorities say six), to 
an Indian village situate on the banks of a river, and discovered two other vil- 
lages, on the rising ground about half a league distant. Their visit, while it 
created much astonishment, did not seem to be entirely unexpected, for there 
was a tradition or prophecy among the Indians that white visitors were to come 
to them. They were, therefore, received with great respect and hospitality, and 
were cordially tendered the calumet or pipe of peace. They were informed that 
this band was a part of the Illini nation and that their village was called Mon- 
in-gou-ma or Moingona, which was the name of the river on which it stood. 
This, from its similarity of sound, Marquette corrupted into Des Moines 
(Monk's River), its present name. 

Here the voyagers remained six days, learning much of the manners and 
customs of their new friends. The new religion they boldly preached and the 
authority of the King of France they proclaimed were received without hos- 
tility or remonstrance by their savage entertainers. On their departure, they 
were accompanied to their canoes by the chiefs and hundreds of warriors. 
Marquette received from them the sacred calumet, the emblem of peace and 
safeguard among the nations, and re-embarked for the rest of his journev. 

It is needless to follow him further, as his explorations beyond his discovery 
of Iowa more properly belong to the history of another State. 

In 1682, La Salle descended the- Mississippi to the Gulf of Mexico, and in 
the iianie of the King of France, took formal possession of all the immense 
region Avatered by tlie great river and its tributaries from its source to its mouth, 
and named it Louisiana, in honor of his master, Louis XIV. The river he 
called " Colbert," after the French Minister, and at its mouth erected a column 
and a cross bearing the inscription, in the French language, 

"Louis the Great, King of France and Navarre, 
Reigning April 9th, 1682." 

At the close of the seventeenth century, France claimed, by right of dis- 
covery and occupancy, the whole valley of the Mississippi and its tributaries, 
including Texas, as far as the Rio del Norte. 



142 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA 

The province of Louisiana stretched from the Gulf of Mexico to the sources 
of the Tennessee, the Kanawha, the Allegheny and the Monongahela on the 
east, and the Missouri and the other great tributaries of the Father of Waters 
on the west. Says Bancroft, " France had obtained, under Providence, the 
guardianship of this immense district of country, not, as it proved, for her own 
benefit, but rather as a trustee for the infant nation by which it was one day to 
be inherited." 

By the treaty of Utrecht, France ceded to England her possessions 
in Hudson's Bay, Newfoundland and Nova Scotia. France still retained 
Louisiana ; but the province had so far failed to meet the expectations of the 
crown and tlie people that a change in the government and policy of the country 
was deemed indispensable. Accordingly, in 1711, the province was placed in 
the hands of a Governor General, with headquarters at Mobile. This govern- 
ment was of brief duration, and in 1712 a charter was granted to Anthony 
Crozat, a wealthy merchant of Paris, giving him the entire control and mo- 
nopoly of all the trade and resources of Louisiana. But this scheme also failed. 
Crozat met with no success in his commercial operations ; every Spanish harbor 
on the Gulf was closed against his vessels; the occupation of Louisiana was 
deemed an encroachment on Spanish territory ; Spain was jealous of the am- 
bition of France. 

Failing in his efforts to open the ports of the district, Crozat "sought to 
develop the internal resources of Louisiana, by causing trading posts to be 
opened, and explorations to be made to its remotest borders. But he 
actually accomplished nothing for the advancement of the colony. The only 
prosperity which it ever possessed groAV out of the enterprise of humble indi- 
viduals, Avho had succeeded in instituting a little barter between themselves 
and the natives, and a petty trade with neighboring European settlements. 
After a persevering effort of nearly five years, he surrendered his charter in 
August, 1717." 

Immediately following the surrender of his charter by Crozat, another and 
more magnificent scheme was inaugurated. The national government of France 
was deeply involved in debt; the colonies were nearly bankrupt, and John Law 
appeared on the scone with his famous Mississippi Company, as the Louisiana 
branch of the Bank of France. The charter granted to this company gave it a 
legal existence of twenty-five years, and conferred upon it more extensive powers 
and privileges than had been granted to Crozat. It invested the new company 
with the exclusive privilege of the entire commerce of Louisiana, and of New 
France, and with authority to enforce tlicir rights. The Company was author- 
ized to mono])olize all the trade in the country ; to make treaties Avith the 
Indians ; to declare and prosecute war ; to grant lands, erect forts, open mines 
of precious metals, levy taxes, nominate civil officers, commission those of the 
army, and to appoint and remove judges, to cast cannon, and build and equip 
ships of war. All this was to be done with the pai)er currency of John Law's 
Bank of France. He had succeeded in getting His Majesty the French King 
to adopt and sanction his scheme of financial operations both in France and in 
the colonies, and probably there never was such a huge financial bubble ever 
blown by a visionary theorist. Still, such was the condition of France that it 
was accepted as a national deliverance, and Law became the most powerful man 
in France. He became a Catholic, and was appointed Comptroller General of 
Finance. 

Among the first operations of tlie Company was to send eight hundred 
emigrants to Louisiana, who arrived at Dauphine Island in 1718. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 143 

In 1719, Philipe Francis Renault arrived in Illinois with two hundred 
miners and artisans. The war between France and Spain at this time rendered 
it extremely probable that tlie Mississippi Valley might become the theater of 
Spanish hostilities against the French settlements ; to prevent this, as well as to 
extend French claims, a chain of forts was begun, to keep open the connection 
between the mouth and the sources of the Mississippi. Fort Orleans, high up 
the Mississippi River, was erected as an outpost in 1720. 

The Mississippi scheme was at the zenith of its power and glory in January, 
1720, but the gigantic bubble collapsed more suddenly than it had been inflated, 
and the Company was declared hopelessly bankrupt in May following. France 
was impoverished by it, both private and public credit were overthrown, capi- 
talists suddenly found themselves paupers, and labor was left without employ- 
ment. The effect on the colony of Louisiana was disastrous. 

While this was going on in Lower Louisiana, the region about the lakes was 
the theater of Indian hostilities, rendering the passage from Canada to Louisiana 
extremely dangerous for many years. The English had not only extended their 
Indian trade into the vicinity of the French settlements, but through their 
friends, the Iroquois, had gained a marked ascendancy over the Foxes, a fierce 
and powerful tribe, of Iroquois descent, whom they incited to hostilities against 
the French. The Foxes began their hostilities with the siege of Detroit in 
1712, a siege which they continued for nineteen consecutive days, and although 
the expedition resulted in diminishing their numbers and humbling their pride, 
yet it was not until after several successive campaigns, embodying the best 
military resources of New France, had been directed against them, that were 
finally defeated at the great battles of Butte des Morts, and on the Wisconsin 
River, and driven Avest in 1746. 

The Company, having found that the cost of defending Louisiana exceeded 
the returns from its commerce, solicited leave to surrender the Mississippi 
wilderness to the home government. Accordingly, on the 10th of April, 1732, 
the jurisdiction and control over the commerce reverted to the crown of France. 
The Company had held possession of Louisiana fourteen years. In 1735, Bien- 
ville returned to assume command for the King. 

A glance at a few of the old French settlements will show the progress made 
in portions of Louisiana during the early part of the eighteenth century. As 
early as 1705, traders and hunters had penetrated the fertile regions of the 
Wabash, and from this region, at that early date, fifteen thousand hides and 
skins had been collected and sent to Mobile for the European market. 

In the year 1716, the French population on the Wabash kept up a lucrative 
commerce with Mobile by means of traders and voyageurs. The Ohio River 
was comparatively unknown. 

In 1746, agriculture on the Wabash had attained to greater prosperity than 
in any of the French settlements besides, and in that year six hundred barrels 
of flour were manufactured and shipped to New Orleans, together with consider- 
able quantities of hides, peltry, tallow and beeswax. 

In the Illinois country, also, considerable settlements had been made, so that, 
in 1730, they embraced one hundred and forty French families, about six 
hundred " converted Indians," and many traders and voyageurs. 

In 1753, the first actual conflict arose between Louisiana and the Atlantic 
colonies. From the earliest advent of the Jesuit fathers, up to the period of 
which we speak, the great ambition of the French had been, not alone to preserve 
their possessions in the West, but by every possible means to prevent the 
slightest attempt of the English, east of the mountains, to extend their settle- 



144 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

mcnts toward the Mississippi. France was resolved on retaining possession of 
the o-reat territory wliich her missionaries had discovered and revealed to the 
world. French commandants had avowed their purpose of seizing every 
Englishman within the Ohio Valley. 

The colonies of Pennsylvania, New York and Virginia were most affected by 
the encroachments of France in the extension of her dominion, and particularly 
in the great scheme of uniting Canada with Louisiana. To carry out this 
purpose, the French had taken possession of a tract of country claimed by Vir- 
criiiia, and had commenced a line of forts extending from the lakes to the Ohio 
River. Virginia was not only alive to her own interests, but attentive to the 
vast importance of an immediate and effectual resistance on the part of all 
the Encrlish colonies to the actual and contemplated encroachments of the 
French. 

In 17o3, Governor Dinwiddie, of Virginia, sent George Washington, then a 
young man just twenty-one, to demand of the French commandant " a reason 
for invading British dominions while a solid peace subsisted." Washington met 
the French commandant, Gardeur de St. Pierre, on the head waters of the 
Alleghany, and having communicated to him the object of his journey, received 
the insolent answer that the French would not discuss the matter of right, but 
would make prisoners of every Englishman found trading on the Ohio and its 
waters. The country, he said, belonged to the French, by virtue of the dis- 
coveries of La Salle, and they would not withdraw from it. 

In January, 1754, Washington returned to Virginia, and made his report to 
the Governor and Council. Forces were at once raised, and Washington, as 
Lieutenant Colonel, was dispatched at the head of a hundred and fifty men, to 
the forks of the Ohio, with orders to "finish the fort already begun there by the 
Ohio Company, and to make prisoners, kill or destroy all who interrupted the 
English settlements." 

On his march through the forests of Western Pennsylvania, Washington, 
through the aid of friendly Indians, discovered the French concealed among the 
rocks, and as they ran to seize their ai'ms, ordered his men to fire upon them, at 
the same time, with his own musket, setting the example. An action lasting 
about a quarter of an hour ensued ; ten of the Frenchmen were killed, among 
them Jumonville, the commander of the party, and twenty-one were made pris- 
oners. The dead were scalped by the Indians, and the chief, bearing a toma- 
liawk and a scalp, visited all the tribes of the Miamis, urging them to join the 
Six Nations and the English against the French. The French, howevei*, were 
soon re-enforced, and Col. Washington was compelled to return to Fort 
Necessity. Here, on the 3d day of July, De Villiers invested the fort with 
600 French troops and 100 Indians. On the 4th, Washington accepted 
terms of capitulation, and the English garrison withdrew from the valley of 
the Ohio. 

This attack of Washington upon Jumonville aroused the indignation of 
France, and war was formally declared in May, 1756, and the "French and 
Indian War" devastated the colonies for several years. Montreal, Detroit 
ami all Canada were surrendered to the English, and on the 10th of February, 
1763, by the treaty of Paris — which had been signed, though not formally ratified 
by therespective governments, on the 3dof November, 1762 — France relinquished 
to (ireat Britian all that portion of the province of Louisiana lying on the east 
side of the Mississippi, except the island and town of New Orleans. On the 
same day that the treaty of Paris was signed, France, by a secret treaty, ceded 
to Spain all her possessions on the west side of the Mississippi, including the 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 145 

whole country to the head waters of the Great River, and west to the Rocky 
Mountains, and the jurisdiction of France in America, which had lasted nearly 
a century, was ended. 

At the close of the Revolutionary war, by the treaty of peace between Great 
Britain and the United States, the English Government ceded to the latter 
all the territory on the east side of the Mississippi River and north of the thirty- 
first parallel of north latitude. At the same time. Great Britain ceded to 
Spain all the Floridas, comprising all the territory east of the Mississippi and 
south of the southern limits of the United States. 

At this time, therefore, the present State of Iowa was a part of the Spanish 
possessions in North America, as all the territory west of the Mississippi River 
was under the dominion of Spain. That government also possessed all the 
territory of the Floridas east of the great river and south of the thirty-first 
parallel of north latitude. The Mississippi, therefore, so essential to the pros- 
perity of the western portion of the United States, for the last three hundred 
miles of its course flowed Avholly within the Spanish dominions, and that govern- 
ment claimed the exclusive right to use and control it below the southern boun- 
dary of the United States. 

The free navigation of the Mississippi was a very important question during 
all the time that Louisiana remained a dependency of the Spanish Crown, and 
as the final settlement intimately affected the status of the then future State 
of Iowa, it will be interesting to trace its progress. 

The people of the United States occupied and exercised jurisdiction over 
the entire eastern valley of the Mississippi, embracing all the country drained 
by its eastern tributaries ; they had a natural right, according to the accepted in- 
ternational law, to follow these rivers to the sea, and to the use of the Missis- 
sippi River accordingly, as the great natural channel of commerce. The river 
was not only necessary but absolutely indispensable to the prosperity and growth 
of the western settlements then rapidly rising into commercial and political 
importance. They were situated in the heart of the great valley, and with 
wonderfully expansive energies and accumulating resources, it was very evident 
that no power on earth could deprive them of the free use of the river below 
them, only while their numbers were insufficient to enable them to maintain 
their right by force. Inevitably, therefore, immediately after the ratification of 
the treaty of 1783, the Western people began to demand the free navigation 
of the Mississippi — not as a favor, but as a right. In 1786, both banks of 
the river, below the mouth of the Ohio, were occupied by Spain, and military 
posts on the east bank enforced her power to exact heavy duties on all im- 
ports by way of the river for the Ohio region. Every boat descending the 
river was forced to land and submit to the arbitrary revenue exactions of the 
Spanish authorities. Under the administration of Governor Miro, these rigor- 
ous exactions were somewhat relaxed from 1787 to 1790 ; but Spain held it as 
her right to make them. Taking advantage of the claim of the American people, 
that the Mississippi should be opened to them, in 1791, the Spanish Govern- 
ment concocted a scheme for the dismembership of the Union. The plan was 
to induce the Western people to separate from the Eastern States by liberal land 
grants and extraordinary commercial privileges. 

Spanish emissaries, among the people of Ohio and Kentucky, informed them 
that the Spanish Government would grant them favorable commercial privileges, 
provided they would secede from the Federal Government east of the mountains. 
The Spanish Minister to the United States plainly declared to his confidential 
correspondent that, unless the Western people would declare their independence 



14() HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

and refuse to remain in the Union, Spain was determined never to grant the 
free navigation of the Mississippi. 

By the treaty of Madrid, October 20, 1795, however, Spain formally stip- 
ulated that the Mississippi River, from its source to the Gulf, for its entire width, 
should be free to American trade and commerce, and that the people of the 
United States should be permitted, for three years, to use the port of New 
Orleans as a port of deposit for their merchandise and produce, duty free. 

In November, 1801, the United States Government received, through Rufus 
Kinf, its Minister at the Court of St. James, a copy of the treaty between Spain 
and France, signed at Madrid March 21, 1801, by which the cession of Loui- 
siana to France, made the previous Autumn, was confirmed. 

The change offered a favorable opportunity to secure the just rights of the 
United States, in relation to the free navigation of the Mississippi, and ended 
the attempt to dismember the Union by an effort to secure an independent 
government west of the Alleghany Mountains. On the 7th of January, 1803, 
the American House of Representatives adopted a resolution declaring their 
" unalterable determination to maintain the boundaries and the rights of navi- 
gation and commerce through the River Mississippi, as established by existing 
treaties." 

In the same month. President Jefferson nominated and the Senate confirmed 
Robert R. Livingston and James Monroe as Envoys Plenipotentiary to the 
Court of France, and Charles Pinckney and James Monroe to the Court of 
Spain, with plenary powers to negotiate ti'eaties to effect the object enunciated 
by the popular branch of the National Legislature. These envoys were in- 
structed to secure, if possible, the cession of Florida and New Orleans, but it 
does not appear that Mr. Jefferson and his Cabinet had any idea of purchasing 
that part of Louisiana lying on the tvest side of the Mississippi. In fact, on 
the 2d of March following, the instructions were sent to our Ministers, contain- 
ing a plan which expressly left to France " all her territory on the west side of 
the Mississippi." Had these instructions been followed, it might have been that 
there would not have been any State of Iowa or any other member of the glori- 
ous Union of States west of the "Father of Waters." 

In obedience to his instructions, however, Mr. Livingston broached this 
plan to M. Talleyrand, Napoleon's Prime Minister, when that courtly diplo- 
matist quietly suggested to the American Minister that France might be walling 
to cede the whole French domain in North America to the United States, and 
asked how much the Federal Government would be willing to give for it. Liv- 
ingston intimated that twenty millions of francs might be a fair price. Talley- 
rand thought tliat not enough, but asked the Americans to "think of it." A 
few days later. Napoleon, in an interview with Mr. Livingston, in effect informed 
the American Envoy that he had secured Louisiana in a contract with Spain 
for the purpose of turning it over to the United States for a mere nominal sum. 
He had been compelled to provide for the safety of that province by the treaty, 
and he was " anxious to give the United States a magnificent bargain for a 
mere trifle." The price proposed was one hundred and twenty -five million 
francs. This was subsequently modified to fifteen million dollars, and on this 
basis a treaty was negotiated, and was signed on the 30th day of April, 1803. 

This treaty was ratified by the Federal Government, and by act of Congress, 
approved October 31, 1803, tlie President of the United States was authorized 
to take possession of the territory and provide for it a temporary government. 
Accordingly, on tlic 20th day of December foil .wing, on behalf of the Presi- 
dent, Gov. Clairborne and Gen. Wilkinson took possession of the Louisiana 



lilSToUV OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 147 

purchase, and raised the American flag over the newly acquired domain, at New 
Orleans. Spain, although it had by treaty ceded the province to France in 
1801, still held quasi possession, and at first objected to the transfer, but with- 
drew her opposition early in 1804. 

By this treaty, thus successfully consummated, and the peaceable withdrawal 
of Spain, the then infant nation of the New World extended its dominion west 
of the Mississippi to the Pacific Ocean, and north from the Gulf of Mexico to 
British America. 

If the original design of Jefferson's administration had been accomplished, 
the United States would have acquired only that portion of the French territory 
lying east of the Mississippi River, and while the American people would thus 
have acquired the free navigation of that great river, all of the vast and fertile 
empire on the west, so rich in its agricultural and inexhaustible mineral 
resources, would have remained under the dominion of a foreign power. To 
Napoleon's desire to sell the whole of his North American possessions, and Liv- 
ingston's act transcending his instructions, which was acquiesced in after it was 
done, does Iowa owe her position as a part of the United States by the 
Louisiana purchase. 

By authority of an act of Congress, approved March 26, 1804, the newly 
acquired territory was, on the 1st day of October following, divided : that part 
lying south of the Sod parallel of north latitude was called the Territory of 
Orleans, and all north of that parallel the District of Louisiana, which was placed 
under the authority of the officers of Indiana Territory, until July 4, 1805, when 
it was organized, with territorial government of its ow^n, and so remained until 
1812, when the Territory of Orleans became the State of Louisiana, and the 
name of the Territory of Louisiana was changed to Missouri. On the 4th of 
July, 1814, that part of Missouri Territory comprising the present State of 
Arkansas, and the country to the westward, was organized into the Arkansas 
Territory. 

On the 2d of March, 1821, the State of Missouri, being a part of the Terri- 
tory of that name, was admitted to the Union. June 28, 1834, the territory 
west of the Mississippi Biver and north of Missouri was made a part of the 
Territory of Michigan ; but two years later, on the 4th of July, 1836, Wiscon- 
sin Territory was erected, embracing within its limits the present States of 
Iowa, Wisconsin and Minnesota. 

By act of Congress, approved June 12, 1838, the 

TERRITORY OF IOWA 

was erected, comprising, in addition to the present State, much the larger part 
of Minnesota, and extending north to the boundary of the British Possessions. 

THE ORIGINAL OWNERS. 

Having traced the early history of the great empire lymg w^est of the Mis- 
sissippi, of which the State of Iowa constitutes a part, from the earliest dis- 
covery to the organization of the Territory of Iowa, it becomes necessary to 
give some history of 

THE INDIANS OF IOWA. 

According to the policy of the European nations, possession perfected title 
to any territory. We have seen that the country west of the Mississippi was first 
discovered by the Spaniards, but afterward, was visited and occupied by the 
French. It was ceded by France to Spain, and by Spain back to France again, 



148 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

and then was purchased and occupied by the United States. During all that 
time, it does not appear to have entered into the heads or hearts of the high 
contracting parties that the country they bought, sold and gave away was in 
the possession of a race of men who, although savage, owned the vast domain 
before Columbus first crossed the Atlantic. Having purchased the territory, 
the United States found it still in the possession of its original owners, who had 
never been dispossessed; and it became necessary to purchase again what had 
already been bought before, or forcibly eject the occupants; therefore, the his- 
tory ot" the Indian nations who occupied Iowa prior to and during its early set- 
tlement by the whites, becomes an important chapter in the history of the State, 
that cannot be omitted. 

For more than one hundred years after Marquette and Joliet trod the virgin 
soil of Iowa, not a single settlement had been made or attempted ; not even a 
trading post had been established. The whole country remained in the undis- 
puted possession of the native tribes, who roamed at will over her beautiful and 
fertile prairies, hunted in her woods, fished in her streams, and often poured out 
their life-blood in obstinately contested contests for supremacy. That this State 
so aptly styled "The Beautiful Land," had been the theater of numerous, 
fierce and bh)ody struggles between rival nations, for possession of the favored 
region, long before its settlement by civilized man, there is no room for doubt. 
In these savage wars, the weaker party, whether aggressive or defensive, was 
either exterminated or driven from their ancient hunting grounds. 

In 1673, when Marquette discovered Iowa, the Illini were a very powerful 
people, occupying a large portion of the State ; but when the country was again 
visited by the whites, not a remnant of that once powerful tribe remained on 
the west side of the Mississippi, and Iowa was principally in tlie possession of 
the Sacs and Foxes, a warlike tribe which, originally two distinct nations, 
residing in New York and on the waters of the St. Lawrence, had gradually 
fought their way westward, and united, probably, after the Foxes had been driven 
out of the Fox River country, in 1846, and crossed the Mississippi. The death 
of Pontiac, a famous Sac chieftain, was made the pretext for war against the 
Illini, and a fierce and bloody struggle ensued, which continued until the Illinois 
were nearly destroyed and their hunting grounds possessed by their victorious 
foes. The lowas also occupied a portion of the State for a time, in common 
with the Sscs, but they, too, were nearly destroyed by the Sacs and Foxes, and. 
in "The Beautiful Land," these natives met their equally Avarlike foes, the 
I»Jortliern Sioux, with whom they maintained a constant warfare for the posses- 
sion of the country for many years. 

When tlie United States came in possession of the great valley of the Mis- 
sissippi, by the Louisiana purchase, the Sacs and Foxes and lowas possessed 
the entire territory now comprising the State of Iowa. The Sacs and Foxes, 
also, occupied the most of the State of Illinois. 

The Sacs had four principal villages, where most of them resided, viz. : 
Their largest and most important town — if an Indian village may be called 
such — and from which emanated most of the obstacles and difficulties encoun- 
tered by the Government in the extinguishment of Indian titles to land in this 
region, was on Rock River, near Rock Island; another was on the east bank of 
the Mississippi, near the mouth of Henderson River; the third was at the 
head of the Des Moines Rapids, near the present site of Montrose, and the fourth 
was near the mouth of the Upper Iowa. 

The Foxes had three principal villages, viz. : One on the west side of the 
Mississippi, six miles above the rapids of Rock River ; another about twelve 



HISTORY OF T:TE STATE OF IOWA. 149 

miles from the river, in the rear of the Dubuque lead mines, and the third on 
Turkey River, 

The lowas, at one time identified with the Sacs, of Rock River, had with- 
drawn from them and become a separate tribe. Their principal village was on 
the Des Moines River, in Van Buren County, on the site where lowaville now 
stands. Here the last great battle between the Sacs and Foxes and the lowas 
was fought, in which Black Hawk, then a young man, commanded one division 
of the attacking forces. The following account of the battle has been given : 

" Contrary to long established custom of Indian attack, this battle was commenced in the day- 
time, the attending circumstances justifying this departure from the well settled usages of Indian 
warfare. The battle field was a level river bottom, about four miles in lecgth, and two miles 
wide near the middle, narrowing to a point at either end. The main area of this bottom rises 
perhaps twenty feet above the river, leaving a narrow strip of low bottom along the shore, covered 
with trees that belted the prairie on the river side with a thick forest, and the immediate bank of 
the river was fringed with a dense growth of willows. Near the lower end of this prairie, near 
the river bank, was situated the Iowa village. About two miles above it and near the middle of 
the prairie is a mound, covered at the time with a tuft of small trees and underbrush growing on 
its summit. In the rear of this little elevation or mound lay a belt of wet prairie, covered, at that 
time, with a dense growth of rank, coarse grass. Bordering this wet prairie on the north, the 
country rises abruptly into elevated broken river bluffs, covered with a heavy forest for many 
miles in extent, and in places thickly clustered with undergrowth, affording a convenient shelter 
for the stealthy approach of the foe. 

" Through this forest the Sac and Fox war party made their way in the night and secreted 
themselves in the tall grass spoken of above, intending to remain in ambush during the day and 
make such observations as this near proximity to their intended victim might afford, to aid them 
in their contemplated attack on the town during the following night. From this situation their 
spies could take a full survey of the village, and watch every movement of the inhabitants, by 
which means they were soon convinced that the lowas had no suspicion of their presence. 

" At the foot of the mound above mentioned, the lowas had their race course, where they diverted 
themselves with the excitement of horse racing, and schooled their young warriors in cavalry 
evolutions. In these exercises mock battles were fought, and the Indian tactics of attack and 
defense carefully inculcated, by which means a skill in horsemanship was acquired rarely excel led. 
Unfortunately for them this day was selected for their equestrian sports, and wholly uncon- 
scious of the proximity of their foes, the warriors repaired to the race ground, leaving most of 
their arms in the village and their old men and women and children unprotected. 

" Pash-a-po-po, who was chief in command of the Sacs and Foxes, perceived at once the 
advantage this state of things afforded for a complete surprise of his now doomed victims, and 
ordered Black Hawk to file off with his young warriors thruugh the tall grass and gain the cover 
of the timber along the river bank, and with the utmost speed reach the village and commence 
the battle, while he remained with his division in the ambush to make a simultaneous assault on 
the unarmed men whose attention was engrossed with the excitement of the races. The plan 
was skillfully laid and most dexterously executed. Black Hawk with his forces reached the 
village undiscovered, and made a furious onslaught upon the defenseless inhabitants, by firing 
one general volley into their midst, and completing the slaughter with the tomahavk and scalp- 
ing knife, aided by the devouring flames with which they enveloped the village as sooa as the 
fire brand could be spread from lodge to lodge. 

" On the instant ot the report of fire arms at the village the tbrces under Pash-a-po-po 
leaped from their couchant position in the grass and sprang tiger-like upon the astonisheil and 
unarmed lowas in the midst of their racing sports. The fir^t impulse of the latter naturally led 
them to make the utmost speed toward their arms in the village, and protect if possible their 
wives and chd Iren from the attack of their merciless assailants. The distance from the place of 
attack on the prairie was two miles, and a great number fell in their flight by the bullets and 
tomahawks of their enemies, who pressed them closely with a running fire the whole way, and 
the survivors only reached their town in time to witness the horrors of its destruction. Their 
whole village was in flames, and the dearest objects of their lives lay in slaughtered heaps 
amidst the devouring element, and the agonizing groans of the dying, mingled with fhj exulting 
shouts of the victorious foe, filleil their hearts with maddening despair. Their wives ami children 
who had been spared the general massacre were prisoners, and together with their arms were in 
the hands of the victors ; and all that could now be done was to draw off their shattered and 
defenseless forces, and save as many lives as possible by a retreat across the Des Moines River, 
which they effected in the best possible manner, and took a position among the Soap Creek 
Hills." 

The Sacs and Foxes, prior to the settlement of their village on Rock River, 
h?d a fierce conflict with the Winnebagoes, subdued tbera and took nossession 



150 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

of their lands. Their village on Rock River, at one time, contained upward of 
sixty lod'^es, and was among the largest Indian villages on the continent. In 
lH2o, the Secretary of War estimated the entire number of the Sacs and Foxes 
at 4,600 souls. Tiieir village was situated in the immediate vicinity of the 
upi>er rapids of the Mississippi, Avliere the beautiful and flourishing towns of 
Kock Island and Davenport are now situated. The beautiful scenery of the 
island, the extensive prairies, dotted over with groves ; the picturesque bluffs 
along the river banks, the rich and fertile soil, producing large crops of corn, 
S(iuash and other vegetables, with little iabor; the abundance of wild fruit, 
came, fish, and almost everything calculated to make it a delightful spot for an 
Indian village, which was found there, had made this place a favorite home of 
the Sacs, and secured for it the strong attachment and veneration of the whole 
nation. 

North of the hunting grounds of the Sacs and Foxes, were those of the 
Sioux, a fierce and warlike nation, who often disputed possession with their 
rivals in savage and bloody warfare. The possessions of these tribes were 
mostly located in Minnesota, but extended over a portion of Northern and 
Western Iowa to the Missouri River. Their descent from the north upon the 
hunting grounds of Iowa frequently brought them into collision with the Sacs 
and Foxes ; and after many a conflict and bloody struggle, a boundary line was 
established between them by the Government of the United States, in a treaty 
held at Prairie du Chien, in 1825. But this, instead of settling the difficulties, 
caused them to fjuarrel all the more, in consequence of alleged trespasses upon 
each other's side of the line. These contests were kept up and became so unre- 
lenting that, in 1830, Government bought of the respective tribes of the Sacs 
and Foxes, and the Sioux, a strip of land twenty miles in width, on both sides 
of the lino, and thus throwing them forty miles apart by creating between them 
a "neutral ground," commanded them to cease their hostilities. Both the 
Sacs and Foxes and the Sioux, however, were allowed to fish and hunt on this 
ground unmolested, provided they did not interfere with each other on United 
States territory. The Sacs and Foxes and the Sioux were deadly enemies, and 
neither let an opportunity to punish the otlier pass unimproved. 

In April, 18;32, a figlit occurred between the Musquaka band of Sacs and 
Foxes and a band of Sioux, about six miles above Algona, in Kossuth County, 
on the west side of the Des Moines River. The Sacs and Foxes were under 
the leadership of Ko-ko-wah, a subordinate chief, and had gone up from their 
home in Tama County, by way of Clear Lake, to what was then the "neutral 
ground." At Clear Lake, Ko-ko-wah Avas informed that a party of Sioux were 
encamped on the west side of the East Fork of the Des Moines, and he deter- 
mined to attack them. With sixty of his warriors, he started and arrived at a 
point on the east side of the river, about a mile above the Sioux encampment, 
in the night, and concealed themselves in a grove, where they were able to dis- 
cover the position and strength of their hereditary foes. The next morning, 
after many of the Sioux braves had left their camp on hunting tours, the vin- 
dictive Sacs and Foxes crossed the river and suddenly attacked the camp. The 
conflict was desperate for a short time, but the advantage was with the assail- 
ants, and the Sioux were routed. Sixteen of them, including some of their 
women and children, were killed, and a boy 14 years old was captured. One 
of the Musquakas was shot in the breast by a S((uaw as they were rushing into 
the Sioux's camp. lie started to run away, when the same brave squaw shot 
him through the body, at a distance of twenty rods, and he fell dead. Three 
other Sac braves were killed. But few of the Sioux escaped. The victorious 



HISTJRl' OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 151 

party hurriedly buried their own dead, leaving the dead Sioux above ground, 
and made their way home, with their captive, with all possible expedition, 

pike's expedition. 

Very soon after the acquisition of Louisiana, the United States Government 
adopted measures for the exploration of the new territory, having in view the 
conciliation of the numerous tribes of Indians by whom it was possessed, and, 
also, the selection of proper sites for the establishment of military posts and 
trading stations. The Army of the West, Gen. James Wilkinson commanding, 
liad its headquarters at St. Louis. From this post, Captains Lewis and Clark, 
with a sufficient force, were detailed to explore the unknown sources of the 
Missouri, and Lieut. Zebulon M. Pike to ascend to the head waters of the Mis- 
sissippi. Lieut. Pike, with one Sergeant, two Corporals and seventeen privates, 
left the military camp, near St. Louis, in a keel-boat, with four months' rations, 
on the 9th day of August, 1805. On the 20th of the same month, the expe- 
dition arrived within the present limits of Iowa, at the foot of the Des Moines 
Rapids, where Pike met William Ewing, who had just been appointed Indian 
Agent at this point, a French interpreter and four chiefs and fifteen Sac and 
Fox warriors. 

At the head of the Rapids, Avhere Montrose is now situated, Pike held a 
council with the Indians, in which ho addressed them substantially as follows : 
" Your great Father, the President of the United States, wished to be more 
intimately acquainted with the situation and Avants of the different nations of 
red people in our newlv acquired territory of Louisiana, and has ordered the 
General to send a number of his warriors in different directions to take them by 
the hand and make such inquiries as might afford the satisfaction required." 
At the close of the council he presented the red men with some knives, whisky 
and tobacco. 

Pursuing his way up the river, he arrived, on the 23d of August, at what is 
supposed, from his description, to be the site of the present city of Burlington, 
which he selected as the location of a military post. He describes the place as 
being " on a hill, about forty miles above the River de Moyne Rapids, on the 
west side of the river, in latitude about 41° 21' north. The channel of the 
river runs on that shore; the hill in front is about sixty feet perpendicular; 
nearly level on top; four hundred yards in the rear is a small prairie fit for 
gardening, and immediately under the hill is a limestone spring, sufficient for 
the consumption of a whole regiment." In addition to this description, which 
corresponds to Burlington, the spot is laid down on his map at a bend in the 
river, a short distance below the mouth of the Henderson, which pours its waters 
into the Mississippi from Illinois. The fort was built at Fort Madison, but from 
the distance, latitude, description and map furnished by Pike, it could not have 
been the place selected by him, while all the circumstances corroborate the 
opinion that the place he selected was the spot where Burlington is now located, 
called by the early voyagers on the Mississippi, "Flint Hills." 

On the 24th, with one of his men, he went on shore on a hunting expedition, 
and following a stream which they supposed to be a part of the Mississippi, they 
were led away from their course. Owing to the intense heat and tall grass, his 
two favorite dogs, which he had taken with him, became exhausted and he left 
them on the prairie, supposing that they would follow him as soon as they 
should get rested, and went on to overtake his boat. Reaching the river, he 
waited sometime for his canine friends, but they did not come, and as he deemed 
it inexpedient to detam the boat longer, two of his men volunteered to go in pur- 



152 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

suit of them, and he continued on his way up the river, expecting that the two 
men wouhl soon overtake him. They lost their way, however, and for six days 
were without food, except a few morsels gathered from the stream, and might 
have perished, had they not accidentally met a trader from St. Louis, who in- 
duced two Indians to take them up the river, and they overtook the boat at 
Dubuque. 

At Dubu(jue, Pike was cordially received by Julien Dubuque, a Frenchman, 
who held a mining claim under a grant from Spain. Dubuque had an old fiehl 
piece and firetl a salute in honor of the advent of the first Americans who had 
visited that part of the Territory. Dubuque, however, was not disposed to pub- 
lish the wealth of his mines, and the young and evidently inquisitive officer 
obtained but little information from him. 

After leaving this place, Pike pursued his way up the river, but as he passed 
beyond the limits of the present State of Iowa, a detailed history of his explo- 
rations on the upper waters of the Mississippi more properly belongs to the his- 
tory of another State. 

It is sufficient to say that on the site of Fort Snelling, Minnesota, at the 
mouth of the Minnesota River, Pike held a council with the Sioux, September 
23, and obtained from them a grant of one hundred thousand acres of land. 
On the 8th of January, 1806, Pike arrived at a trading post belonging to the 
Northwest Company, on Lake De Sable, in latitude 47°. At this time the 
then [)owerful Northwest Company carried on their immense operations from 
Hudson's Bay to the St. Lawrence; up that river on both sides, along the great 
lakes to the head of Lake Superior, thence to the sources of the Red River of 
the north and west, to the Rocky Mountains, embracing within the scope of 
their operations the entire Territory of Iowa. After successfully accomplishing 
his mission, and performing a valuable service to Iowa and the whole Northwest, 
Pike returned to St. Louis, arriving there on the 80th of April, 1806. 

INDIAN WARS. 

The Territory of Iowa, although it had been purchased by the United States, 
and was ostensibly in the possession of the Government, was still occupied by 
the Indians, who claimed title to the soil by right of ownership and possession. 
Before it could be open to settlement by the whites, it was indispensable that 
the Indian title should be extinguished and the original owners removed. The 
accomplishment of this purpose required the expenditure of large sums of 
money and blood, and for a long series of years the frontier was disturbed by 
Induin wars, terminated repeatedly by treaty, only to be renewed by some act 
of oppression on the part of the whites or some violation of treaty stipulation. 

As previously shown, at the time when the United States assumed the con- 
trol of the country by virtue of the Louisiana purchase, nearly the whole State 
was in possession of the Sacs and Foxes, a powerful and warlike nation, who 
were not disposed to submit without a struggle to what they considered the 
encroachments of the pale faces. 

Among the most noted chiefs, and one whose restlessness and hatred of the 
Americans occasioned more trouble to the Government than any other of his 
tribe, was Black Hawk, who was born at the Sac villaire, on Rock River, in 
1767. He was simj)ly the chief of his own band of Sac warriors, but by his 
energy and ambition he became the leading spirit of the united nation of Sacs 
and Foxes, and one of the prominent figures in the history of the country from 
1S04 until his death. In early manhood he attained some distinction as a 
tghting chi(.-f, having led campaigns against the Osages, and other neighboring 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 153 

tribes. About the beginning of the present century he began to appear prom- 
inent in affairs on the Mississippi. Some historians have added to the statement 
that " it does not appear that he was ever a great general, or possessed any of 
the qualifications of a successful leader." If this was so, his life was a marvel. 
HoAV any man who had none of the qualifications of a leader became so prom- 
inent as sucli, as he did, indicates either that he had some ability, or that his 
cotemporaries, both Indian and Anglo-Saxon, had less than he. He is said 
to have been the " victim of a narrow prejudice and bitter ill-will against the 
Americans," but the impartial historian must admit that if he was the enemy 
of theAmericans, it was certainly not Avithout some reason. 

It will be remembered that Spain did not give up possession of the country 
to France on its cession to the latter power, in 1801, but retained possession of 
it, and, by the authority of France, transferred it to the United States, in 1804. 
Black Hawk and his band wei'e in St. Louis at the time, and were invited to be 
present and witness the ceremonies of the transfer, but he refused the invitation, 
and it is but just to say that this refusal was caused probably more from 
regret that the Indians were to be transferred from the jurisdiction of the 
Spanish authorities than from any special hatred toward the Americans. In 
his life he says : "I found many sad and gloomy faces because the United 
States were about to take possession of the town and country. Soon after the 
Americans came, I took my band and went to take leave of our Spanish father. 
The Americans came to see him also. Seeing them ap[)roach, we passed out 
of one door as they entered another, and immediately started in our canoes for 
our village, oli Rock River, not liking the change any more than our friends 
appeared to at St. Louis. On arriving at our village, we gave the news that 
strange people had arrived at St. Louis, and that we should never see our 
Spanish father again. The information made all our people sorry." 

On the 3d day of November, 1804, a treaty Avas concluded between William 
Henry Harrison, then Governor of Indiana Territory, on behalf of the United 
States, and five chiefs of the Sac and Fox nation, by whicli the latter, in con- 
sideration of two thousand two hundred and thirty-four dollars' worth of goods 
then delivered, and a yearly annuity of one thousand dollars to be paid in 
goods at just cost, ceded to the U^nited States all that land on the east side of 
the Mississppi, extending from a point opposite the Jefferson, in Missouri, to 
the Wisconsin River, embracing an area of over fifty-one millions of acres. 

To this treaty Black Hawk always objected and always refused to consider 
it binding upon his people. He asserted that the chiefs or braves who made it 
had no authority to relinquish the title of the nation to any of the lands they 
held or occupied ; and, moreover, that they had been sent to St. Louis on quite 
a different errand, namely, to get one of their people released, who had been 
imprisoned at St. Louis for killing a white man. 

The year following this treaty (1805), Lieutenant Zebulon M. Pike came up 
the river for the purpose of holding friendly councils Avith the Indians and select- 
ing sites for forts within the territory recently acquired from France by the 
United States. Lieutenant Pike seems to have been the first American Avhom 
Black Hawk ever met or had a personal interview Avitli ; and he was very much 
prepossessed in Pike's favor. He gives the following account of his visit to 
Rock Island : 

" A boat came up the river with a young American chief and a small party 
of soldiers. We heard of them soon after they passed Salt River. Some of our 
young braves Avatched them every day, to see Avhat sort of people he had on 
board. The boat at length arrived at Rock River, and the young chief came on 



154 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

shore with his interpreter, and made a speech and gave us some presents. We 
in turn presented them Avith meat and such other provisions as we had to spare. 
We were well ] (leased Avith tlie young chief. He gave us good advice, and said 
our American father Avould treat us well." 

The events which soon followed Pike's expedition were the erection of Fort 
Edwards, at what is now Warsaw, Illinois, and Fort Madison, on the site of the 
present town of that name, the latter being the first fort erected in Iowa. These 
movements occasioned great uneasiness among the Indians. When work was 
commenced on Fort Edwards, a delegation from their nation, headed by some of 
their chiefs, went down to see what the Americans were doing, and had an in- 
terview with the commander; after which they returned home apparently satis- 
fied. In like manner, when Fort Madison Avas being erected, they sent down 
another delegation from a council of the nation held at Rock River. Accord- 
ing to Black Hawk's account, the American chief told them that he Avas build- 
ing a house for a trader Avho Avas coming to sell them goods cheap, and that the 
soldiers Avore coming to keep him company — a statement Avhich Black HaAvk 
says they distrusted at the time, believing that the fort Avas an encroachment 
upon their rights, and designed to aid in getting their lands aAvay from them. 

It has been held by good American authorities, that the erection of Fort 
Madison at the point Avhere it was located was a violation of the treaty of 1804. 
By the eleventh article of that treaty, the United States had a right to build a 
fort near the mouth of the Wisconsin River ; by article six they had bound 
themselves '"that if any citizen of the United States or any other Avhite persons 
should form a settlement upon their lands, such intruders should forthwith be 
removed." Probably the authorities of the United States did not regard the 
establishment of military posts as coming properly within the meaning of the 
term "settlement," as used in the treaty. At all events, they erected Fort 
Madison Avithin the territory reserved to the Indians, wdio became very indig- 
nant. Not long after the fort Avas built, a party led by Black HaAvk attempted 
its destruction. They sent spies to Avatch the movements of the garrison, who 
ascertained that the soldiers Avere in the habit of marching out of the fort every 
morning and evening for parade, and the plan of the party Avas to conceal them- 
selves near the fort, and attack and surprise them Avhen they Avere outside. On 
the morning of the proposed day of attack, five soldiers came out and Avere fired 
upon by the Indians, two of them being killed. The Indians were too hasty in 
tlieir movement, for the regidar drill had not yet commenced. HoAvever, they 
kept up the attack for sevei-al days, attempting the old Fox strategy of setting 
fire to the fi)rt Avith blazing arroAvs ; but finding their efforts unavailing, ihey 
soon gave up and returned to Rock River. 

When war was declared between the United States and Great Britain, m 
1812, Black Hawk and his baud allied themselves Avith the British, partly 
because he was dazzled by their specious promises, and more probal)ly because 
they had been deceived by the Americans. ]31ack Hawk himself declared that 
they were "forced into the war by being deceived." Ho narrates the circum- 
stances as follows: " Several of the chiefs and head men of the Sacs and 
Foxes were called upon to go to Washington to see their Great Father. On 
their return, they related what had been said and done. They said the Great 
Father wished them, in the event of a war taking place with England, not to 
interfere on either side, but to remain neutral. He did not want our help, but 
Avi<hed us to hunt and support our families, and live in peace. He said that 
P.ritish traders would not l)e permitted to conu> on the Mississippi to furnish us 
with goods, but that we should be supplied with an American trader. Our 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 155 

chiefs then told him that the British traders always gave them credit in the 
Fall for guns, powder and goods, to enable us to hunt and clothe our families. 
He repeated that the traders at Fort Madison would have plenty of goods ; 
that we should go there in the Fall and he would supply us on credit, as the 
British traders had done." 

Black Hawk seems to have accepted of this proposition, and he and his 
people were very much pleased. Acting in good faith, they fitted out for their 
Winter's hunt, and went to Fort Madison in high spirits to receive from the 
trader their outfit of supplies. But, after waiting some time, they were told by 
the trader that he would not trust them. It was in vain that they pleaded the 
promise of their great father at Washington. The trader was inexorable ; and, 
disappointed and crestfallen, they turned sadly toward their own village. *'Few 
of us," says Black Plawk, "slept that night; all was gloom and discontent. In 
the morning, a canoe was seen ascending the river ; it soon arrived, bearing an 
express, who brought intelligence that a British trader had landed at Rock 
Island with two boats loaded with goods, and requested us to come up imme- 
diately, because he had good news for us, and a variety of presents. The 
express presented us with tobacco, pipes and wampum. The news ran through 
our camp like fire on a prairie. Our lodges were soon taken down, and all 
started for Rock Island. Here ended all hopes of our remaining at peace, 
having been forced into the war by being deceived." 

He joined the British, who flattered him, styled him " Gen. Black Hawk," 
decked him with medals, excited his jealousies against the Americans, and 
armed his band ; but he met with defeat and disappointment, and soon aban- 
doned the service and came home. 

With all his skill and courage, Black Hawk was unable to lead all the Sacs 
and Foxes into hostilities to the United States. A portion of them, at the head 
of whom was Keokuk ("the Watchful Fox"), were disposed to abide by the 
treaty of 1804, and to cultivate friendly relations with the American people. 
Therefore, when Black Hawk and his band joined the fortunes of Great 
Britain, the rest of the nation remained neutral, and, for protection, organized, 
with Keokuk for their chief. This divided the nation into the " War and the 
Peace party." 

Black Hawk says he was informed, after he had gone to the war, that the 
nation, which had been reduced to so small a body of fighting men, were unable 
to defend themselves in case the Americans should attack them, and havmg all 
the old men and women and children belonging to the Avarriors who had joined 
the British on their hands to provide for, a council was held, and it was agreed 
that Quash-qua-me (the Lance) and other chiefs, together with the old men, 
women and children, and such others as chose to accompany them, should go to 
St. Louis and place themselves under the American chief stationed there. 
They accordingly went down, and were received as the "friendly band " of the 
Sacs and Foxes, and were provided for and sent up the Missouri River. On 
Black Hawks return from the British army, he says Keokuk was introduced 
to him as the war chief of the braves then in the village. He inquired how he 
had become chief, and was informed that their spies had seen a large armed 
force going toward. Peoria, and fears were entertained of an attack upon the 
village ; whereupon a council was held, which concluded to leave the village 
and cross over to the west side of the Mississippi. Keokuk had been standing 
at the door of the lodge where the council was held, not being allowed to enter 
on account of never having killed an enemy, where he remained until Wa-co-me 
came out. Keokuk asked permission to speak in the council, which Wa-co-me 



l^Q HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

obtained for him. Keokuk then addressed the chiefs ; he remonstrated against 
the desertion of their vilhige, their own homes and the graves of their fathers, 
and offered to defend the vilhige. The council consented that he shouhl be 
their war chief. He marshaled his braves, sent out spies, and advanced on the 
trail leadinf^ to Peoria, but returned without seeing the enemy. The Americans 
did not disturb the village, and all were satisfied with the appointment of 

Keokuk. ,.101 1 J? 1, 

Keokuk, like Black Hawk, was a descendant of the bac branch. ot the 
nation, and was born on Rock River, in 1780. He was of a pacific disposition, 
but possessed the elements of true courage, and could fight, when occasion 
required, with a cool judgment and heroic energy. In his first battle, he en- 
countered and killed a Sioux, which placed him in the rank of warriors, and he 
was honored with a public feast by his tribe in commemoration of the event. 

Keokuk has been described as an orator, entitled to rank with the most 
gifted of his race. In person, he was tall and of portly bearing ; in his public 
speeches, he displayed a commanding attitude and graceful gestures ; he spoke 
rapidly, but his enunciation was clear, distinct and forcible ; he culled his fig- 
ures from the stores of nature and based his arguments on skillful logic. Un- 
fortunately for the reputation of Keokuk, as an orator among white people, he 
was never able to obtain an interpreter who could claim even a slight acquaint- 
ance with philosophy. With one exception only, his interpreters were unac- 
<|uainted with the elements of their mother-tongue. Of this serious hindrance 
to his fame, Keokuk was well aware, and retained Frank Labershure, who had 
received a rudimental education in the French and English languages, until the 
latter broke down by dissipation and died. But during the meridian of his 
career among the white people, he Avas compelled to submit his speeches for 
translation to uneducated men, whose range of thought fell below the flights of 
a gifted mind, and the fine imagery drawn from nature was beyond their power 
of reproduction. He had sufficient knowledge of the English language to make 
him sensible of this bad rendering of his thoughts, and often a feeling of morti- 
fication at the bungling eff"orts was depicted on his countenance while speaking. 
The proper place to form a correct estimate of his ability as an orator was in 
the Indian council, where he addressed himself exclusively to those who under- 
stood his language, and witness the electrical eifect of his eloquence upon his 
audience. 

Keokuk seems to have possessed a more sober judgment, and to have had a 
more intelligent view of the great strength and resources of the United States, 
than his noted and restless cotemporary, Black Hawk. He knew from the first 
that the reckless war which Black Hawk and his band had detemnined to carry on 
could result in nothing but defeat and disaster, and used every argument against 
it. The large nuinljer of warriors whom he had dissuaded from following Black 
Hawk became, however, greatly excited with the war spirit after Stillman's 
defeat, and but for the signal tact displayed by Keokuk on that occasion, would 
have forced him to submit to their wishes in joining the rest of the warriors in 
the fiehl. A war-dance was held, and Keokuk took part in it, seeming to be 
moved with the current of the rising storm. When the dance was over, he 
called the council to prepare for war. He made a speech, in which he admitted 
the justice of their complaints against the Americans. To seek redress was a 
noble aspiration of their nature. The blood of their brethren had been shed by 
the white man, and the spirits of their braves, slain in battle, called loudly for 
vengi'ance. "I am your cliief," he said, '"and it is ray duty to lead you to bat- 
tle, if, after fully considering the matter, you are determined to go. But before 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 157 

you decide on taking this important step, it is wise to niquirc into the chances of 
success." He then portrayed to them the great power of the United States, 
against Avhom they would have to contend, that their chance of success was 
utterly hopeless. " But," said he, " if you do determine to go upon the war- 
path, I will agree to lead you, on one condition, viz.: that before we go, we will 
kill all our old men and our wives and children, to save them from a lingering 
death of starvation, and that every one of us determine to leave our homes on 
the other side of the Mississippi." 

This was a strong but truthful picture of the prospect before them, and was 
presented in such a forcible light as to cool their ardor, and cause them to aban- 
don the rash undertaking. 

But during the war of 1832, it is now considered certain that small bands of 
Indians, from the west side of the Mississippi, made incursions into the white 
settlements, in the lead mining region, and committed some murders and dep- 
redations. 

When peace was declared between the United States and England, Black 
HaAvk was required to make peace with the former, and entered into a treaty 
at'Portage des Sioux, September 14, 1815, but did not "touch the goose-quill 
to it until May 13, 1816, when he smoked the pipe of peace with the great 
white chief," at St. Louis. This treaty was a renewal of the treaty of 1804, 
but Black Hawk declared he had been deceived ; that he did not know that by 
signing the treaty he was giving away his village. This weighed upon his mind, 
already soured by previous disappointment and the irresistible encroachments of 
the whites ; and Avhen, a few years later, he and his people were driven from 
their possessions by the military, he determined to return to the home of his 
fathers. 

It is also to be remarked that, in 1816, by treaty with various tribes, the 
United States relinquished to the Indians all the lands lying north of a line 
drawn from the southernmost point of Lake Michigan west to the Mississippi, 
except a reservation five leagues square, on the Mississippi River, supposed then 
to be sufficient to include all the mineral lands on and adjacent to Fever River, 
and one league square at the mouth of the Wisconsin River. 

THE BLACK HAWK AVAR. 

The immediate cause of the Indian outbreak in 1830 was the occupation of 
Black Hawk's village, on the Rock River, by the whites, during the absence of 
the chief and his braves on a hunting expedition, on the west side of the 
Mississippi. When they returned, they found their AvigAvams occupied by Avhite 
families, and their own women and children Avere shelterless on the banks of 
the river. The Indians were indignant, and determined to repossess their village 
at all hazards, and early in the Spring of 1831 recrossed the Mississippi and 
menacingly took possession of their own cornfields and cabins. It may be Avell 
to remark here that it was expressly stipulated in the treaty of 1804, to Avhich 
they attributed all their troubles, that the Indians should not be obliged to 
leave their lands until they were sold by the United States, and it does not 
appear that they occupied any lands other than those owned by the Government. 
If this AY as true, the Indians had good cause for indignation and complaint. 
But the Avhites, driven out in turn by the returning Indians, became so clamorous 
against Avhat they termed the encroachments of the natives, that Gov. Reynolds, of 
Illinois, ordered Gen Gaines to Rock Island with a military force to drive the 
Indians again from their homes to the Avest side of the Mississippi. Black Hawk 
says he did not intend to be provoked into Avar by anything less than the blood of 



I;j8 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF TOWA. 

some of his own people ; in other words, tliat there would be no war unless it should 
be connuenced by the pale faces. But it was said and probably thought by the mili- 
tary commanders along the frontier that the Indians intended to unite in a general 
war against the whites, from Rock River to the Mexican borders. But it does not 
appeal- tliat the hardy frontiersmen themselves had any fears, for their experi- 
ence liad been that, when well treated, their Indian neighbors w^ere not danger- 
ous. Black Hawk and his band had done no more than to attempt to repossess the 
the old homes of which they had been deprived in their absence. No blood 
had been shed. Black Hawk and his chiefs sent a flag of truce, and a new 
treaty was made, by Avhich Black Hawk and his band agreed to remain forever 
on tlie Iowa side and never recross the river without the permission of the 
President or the Governor of Illinois. Whether the Indians clearly understood 
the terms of this treaty is uncertain. As was usual, the Indian traders had 
dictated terms on their behalf, and they had received a large amount of pro- 
visions, etc., from the Government, but it may well be doubted whether the 
Indians comprehended that they could never revisit the graves of their fathers 
without violating their treaty. Tliey undoubtedly thought that they had agreed 
never to recross the Mississippi with hostile intent. However this may be, on 
the Gth day of April, 1882, Black Hawk and his entire band, with their women 
and children, again recrossed the Mississippi in plain view of the garrison of 
Fort Armstrong, and went up Rock River. Although this act was construed 
into an act of hostility by the military authorities, who declared that Black 
Hawk intended to recover his village, or the site where it stood, by force ; but 
it does not appear that he made any such attempt, nor did his apearance 
create any special alarm among the settlers. They knew that the Indians never 
went on the war path encumbered Avitli the old men, their women and t'ji'ir 
children. 

The G-alenian, printed in Galena, of May 2, 1832, says that Black Hawk 
was invited by the Prophet and had taken possession of a tract about forty 
miles u}) Rock River ; but that he did not remain there long, but commenced 
his march up Rock River. Capt. W. B. Green, who served in Capt. Stephen- 
son's company of mounted rangers, says that " Black Hawk and h^s band 
crossed the river with no hostile intent, but that his band had had bad luck in 
hunting during the previous Winter, were actually in a starving condition, and 
had come over to spend the Summer with a friendly tribe on the head waters of 
the Rock and Illinois Rivers, by invitation from their chief. Other old set- 
tlers, who all agree tliat Black Hawk had no idea of fighting, say that lie came 
back to the west side expecting to negotiate another treaty, and get a new 
supply of provisions. The most reasonable explanation of this movement, which 
resulted so disastrously to Black Hawk and his starving people, is that, during 
the Fall and Winter of 1831-2, his people became deeply indebted to their 
favorite trader at Fort Armstrong (Rock Island). They had not been fortunate 
in. hunting, and he was likely to lose heavily, as an Indian debt was outlawed 
in one year. If, therefore, the Indians could be induced to come ovei', and the 
fears of tlie military could be sufficiently aroused to pursue them, another treaty 
could be negotiateil, and from the payments from the Government the shrewd 
trader couhl get his pay. Just a week after Black Hawk crossed the river, on 
the 13th of April, 1832, George Davenport wrote to Gen. Atkinson : " I am 
informed that the British band of Sac Indians are determined to make war on 
the frontier settlements. * * * Fi.,„i^ eyg,.^ information that I have 
received. I am of the opinion that the intention of the British band of Sac 
Indians is to commit depredations on the inhabitants of the frontier." And 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 159 

yet, from the 6th day of April until after Stillman's men commenced war by 
firing on a flag of truce from Black Hawk, no murders nor depredations were 
committed by the British band of Sac Indians. 

It is not the purpose of this sketch to detail the incidents of the Black 
Hawk war of 1832, as it pertains rather to the history of the State of Illinois. 
It is sufficient to say that, after the disgraceful affair at Stillman's Run, Black 
Hawk, concluding that the whites, refusing to treat with him, were determined 
to exterminate his people, determined to return to the Iowa side of the Missis- 
sippi. He could not return by the way he came, for the army was behind him, 
an army, too, that would sternly refuse to recognize the white flag of peace. 
His only course was to make his way northward and reach the Mississippi, if 
possible, before the troops could overtake him, and this he did ; but, before he 
could get his women and children across the Wisconsin, he was overtaken, and a 
battle ensued. Here, again, he sued for peace, and, through his trusty Lieu- 
tenant, "the Prophet," the whites were plainly informed that the starving 
Indians did not wish to fight, but would return to the west side of the Missis- 
sippi, peaceably, if they could be permitted to do so. No attention was paid to 
this second eff"ort to negotiate peace, and, as soon as supplies could be obtained, 
the pursuit was resumed, the flying Indians Avere overtaken again eight miles 
before tliey reached the mouth of the Bad Axe, and the slaughter (it sliould not 
be dignified by the name of battle) commenced. Here, overcome by starvation 
and the victorious whites, his band was scattered, on the 2d day of August, 
1832. Black Hawk escaped, but was brought into eamp at Prairie du Chien 
by three Winnebagoes. He was confined in Jeff'erson Barracks until the 
Spring of 1833, Avhen he was sent to Washington, arriving there April 22. On 
the 26tli of April, they were taken to Fortress Monroe, where they remained 
till the 4th of June, 1833, when orders were given for them to bo liberated and 
returned to their own country. By order of the President, he was brought 
back to Iowa through the principal Eastern cities. Crowds flocked to see him 
all along his route, and he was very much flattered by the attentions he 
received. He lived among his people on the Iowa River till that reservation 
was sold, in 1836, when, with the rest of the Sacs and Foxes, he removed to 
the Des Moines Reservation, where he remained till his death, Avhich occurred 
on the 3d of October, 1838. 



INDIAN PURCHASES, RESERVES AND TREATIES- 

At the close of the Black Hawk War, in 1832, a treaty Avas made at a 
council held on the west bank of the Mississippi, where noAV stands the thriving 
city of Davenport, on grounds now occupied by the Chicago, Rock Island & 
Pacific Railroad Company, on the 21st day of September, 1832. At this 
council, the United States w^ere represented by Gen. Wnifield Scott and Gov. 
Reynolds, of Illinois. Keokuk, Pash-a-pa-ho and some thirty other chiefs and 
warriors of the Sac and Fox nation were present. By this treaty, the Sacs and 
Foxes ceded to the United States a strip of land on the eastern border of Iowa 
fifty miles Avide, from the northern boundary of Missouri to the mouth of the 
Upper loAva River, containing about six million acres. The western line of the 
purchase was parallel with the Mississippi. In consideration of this cession, 
the United States Government stipulated to pay annually to the confederated 
tribes, for thirty consecutive years, tAventy thousand dollars in specie, and to 
pay the debts of the Indians at Rock Island, which had been accumulating for 



lOO HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

seventeen Tears and amounted to fifty thousand dollars, due to Davenport & 
Farnhani, Indian traders. The Government also generously donated to the 
Sac and Fox women and children whose husbands and fiithers had fallen m the 
Black Hawk war, thirty-five beef cattle, twelve bushels of salt, thirty barrels of 
pork, fiftv barrels of flour and six thousand bushels of corn. 

This territory is known as the " Black Hawk Purchase." Although it was 
not the first portion of Iowa ceded to the United States by the Sacs and Foxes, 
it was the first opened to actual settlement by the tide of emigration that flowed 
across the Mississippi as soon as the Indian title was extinguished. The treaty 
was ratified February 1:^, 1833, and took effect on the 1st of June following, 
when the Indians (|uietly removed from the ceded territory, and this fertile and 
beautiful region was opened to white settlers. 

By the terms of the treaty, out of the Black Hawk Purchase was reserved for 
the Siics and Foxes 400 scjuare miles of land situated on the Iowa River, and in- 
Icuding within its limits Keokuk's village, on the right bank of that river. This 
tract was known as ^' Keokuk's Reserve, ' and was occupied by the Indians until 
1836, when, by a treaty made in September between them and Gov. Dodge, of 
Wisconsin Territory, it was ceded to the United States. The council was held 
on the banks of tlie Mississippi, above Davenport, and was the largest assem- 
blage of the kind ever held by the Sacs and Foxes to treat for the sale of lands. 
About one thousand of their cliiefs and braves were present, and Keokuk was 
their leading spii'it and principal speaker on the occasion. By the terms of the 
treaty, the Sacs and Foxes were removed to another reservation on the Des 
Moines River, where an agency was established for them at what is now the 
town of Agency City. 

Besides the Keokuk Reserve, the Government gave out of the Black Hawk 
Purcliase to Antoine Le Claire, interpreter, in fee simple, one section of land 
opposite Rock Island, and another at the head of the first rapids above the 
island, on the Iowa side. This was the first land title granted by the United 
States to an individual in Iowa. ^ 

Soon after the removal of the Sacs and Foxes to their new reservation 
on the Des Moines River, Gen. Joseph M. Street was transferred from the 
agency of the Winnebagoes, at Prairie du Chien, to establish an agency 
among them. A fiirm was selected, on which the necessary buildings were 
erected, including a comfortable farm house for the agent and his family, at 
tlie expense of the Indian Fund. A salaried agent was employed to superin- 
tend tlie farm and dispose of the crops. Two mills were ei'ected, one on Soap 
Creek and tlie other on Sugar Creek. The latter was soon swept away by a 
flood, but the former remained and did good service for many years. Connected 
with the agency were Joseph Smart and John Goodell, interpreters. The 
latter was intcryiretcr for Hard Fish's band. Three of the Indian chiefs, Keo- 
kuk, Wapello and Appanoose, had each a large field improved, the two former 
on the riglit bank of the Des Moines, back from the river, in what is now 
•• Keokuk's Prairie," and the latter on the present site of the city of Ottumwa. 
.\mong the traders connected with the agency were the Messrs. Ewing, from 
Ohio, and Phelps & Co., from Illinois, and also Mr. J. P. Eddy, who estab- 
lished his post at what is now the site of Eddyville. 

The Indians at this agency became idle and listless in the absence of their 
natural and wonted excitements, and many of them plunged into dissipation. 
Keokuk himself became dissipated in the latter years of his life, and it has 
been reported that he died of delirium tremens after his removal with his 
tribe to Kansas. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 161 

In May, 1843, most of the Indians were removed up the Des Moines River, 
above the temporary line of Red Rock, having ceded the remnant of their 
lands in Iowa to the United States on the 21st of September, 1837, and on the 
11th of October, 1842. By the terms of the latter treaty, they held possession 
of the " New Purchase " till the Autumn of 1845, when the most of them 
were removed to their reservation in Kansas, the balance being removed in the 
Spring of 1846. 

1. Treaty with the Sioux — Made July 19, 181.') ; ratified December 16, 181"). This treaty 
was made at Portage des Sioux, between the Sioux of Minnesota and Upper Iowa and the United 
States, by William Clark and Ninian Edwards, Commissioners, and was merely a treaty of peace 
and friendship on the part of those Indians toward the United States at the close of the war of 
1812. 

2. Treaty ivith the Sacs. — A similar treaty of peace was made at Portage des Sioux, between 
the United States and the Sacs, by William Clark, Ninian Edwards and Auguste Choteau, on the 
loth of September, 1815, and ratified at the same date as the above. In tliis, the treaty of 1804 
was re-affirmed, and the Sacs here represented promised for themselves and their bands to keep 
entirely separate from the Sacs of Rock River, who, under Black Hawk, had joined the British 
in the war just then closed. 

3. Treaty with the Foxex. — A separate treaty of peace was made with the Foxes at Portage 
des Sioux, by the same Commissioners, on the 14th of September, 1815, and ratified the same as 
the above, wherein the Foxes re-affirmed the treaty of St. Louis, of November o, 1804, and 
agreed to deliver up all their prisoners to the officer in command at Fort Clark, now Peoria, 
Illinois. 

4. Treaty with the lowas. — A treaty of peace and mutual good will was made between the 
United States and the Iowa tribe of Indians, at Portage des Sioux, by the same Commissioners 
as above, on the 16th of September, 1815, at the close of the war with Great Britain, and ratified 
at the same date as the others. 

5. Treaty with the Sacs of Rock River — Made at St. Louis on the 13th of May, 1816, between 
the United States and the Sacs of Rock River, by the Commissioners, William Clark, Ninian 
Edwards and Auguste Choteau, and ratified December 30, 1816. In this treaty, that of 1804 
was reestablished and confirmed by twenty-two chiefs and head men of the Sacs of Rock River, 
and Black Hawk himself attached to it his signature, or, as he said, " touched the goose quill." 

6. Treaty of 1S2A — On the 4th of August, 1824, a treaty was made between the United 
States and the Sacs and Foxes, in the city of W.ashington, by AVilliam Clark, Commissioner, 
wherein the Sac and Fox nation relinquished their title to all lands in INIissouri and that portion 
of the southeast corner of Iowa known as the " Half-Breed Tract" was set off and reserved for 
the use of the half-breeds of the Sacs and Foxes, they holding title in the same manner as In- 
dians. Ratified January 18, 1825. 

7. Treaty of August 19, 1S25. — At this date a treaty was made by William Clark and Lewis 
Cass, at Prairie du Chien, between the United States and the Chippewas, Sacs and Foxes, Me- 
nomonees, Winnebagoes and a portion of the Ottawas and Pottawatomies. In this treaty, in 
order to make peace between the contending tribes as to the limits of their respective hunting 
grounds in Iowa, it was agreed that the United States Government should run a boundary line 
between the Sioux, on the north, and the Sacs and Foxes, on the south, as follows : 

Commencing at tlie mouth of the Upper Iowa River, on the west bank of the Mississippi, 
and ascending said Iowa River to its west fork ; thence up the fork to its source ; thence cross- 
ing the fork of Red Cedar River in a direct line to the second or upper fork of the Des Moines 
River ; thence in a direct line to the lower fork of the Calumet River, and down that river to its 
junction with the Missouri River. 

8. Treaty of ISSO.—On the 15th of July, 1830, the confederate tribes of the Sacs and Foxes 
ceded to the United States a strip of country lying south of the above line, twenty miles in width, 
and extending along the line aforesaid from the Mississippi to the Des Moines River. The Sioux 
also, whose possessions were north of the line, ceded to the Government, in the same treaty, a 
like strip on the north side of the boundary. Thus the United States, at the ratification of this 
treaty, February 24, 1831, came into possession of a portion of Iowa forty miles wide, extend- 
ing along the Clark and Cass line of 1825, from the Mississippi to the Des Moines River. Thif 
territory was known as the " Neutral Ground," and the tribes on either side of the line were 
allowed to fish and hunt on it unmolested till it was made a Winnebago reservation, and the 
Winnebagoes were removed to it in 1841. 

9. Treaty wiih the Sacs and Foxes and other Tribes. — At the same time of the above treaty re- 
specting the " Neutral Ground" (July 15, 1830), the Sacs and Foxes, Western Sioux, Omahas, 
lowas and Missouris ceded to the United States a portion of the western slope of Iowa, the boun- 
daries of which were defined as follows : Beginning at the upper fork of the Des Moines River, 
and passing the sources of the Little Sioux and Floyd Rivers, to the fork of the first creek that 
falls into the Big Sioux, or Calumet, on the east side ; thence down said creek and the Calumet 



162 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF DV.A. 

River to the Missouri River; thence down said Missouri River to the Missouri State line above 
the Kansas ; thence along said line to the northwest corner of said State ; thence to the high lands 
between the waters falling into the Missouri and Des Moines, passing to said high lands along 
the dividing ridge between the forks of the Grand River ; thence along said high lands or ridge 
separating the \vaters of the Missouri from those of the Des Moines, to a point opposite the source 
of the IJoyer River, and thence in a direct line to the upper fork of the Des Moines, the place of 
beginning. 

It was understood that the lands ceded and relinquished by this treaty were to be assigned 
and allotted, under the direction of the President of the United States, to the tribes then living 
thereon, or to such other tribes as the President might locate thereon for hunting and other pur- 
poses. In consideration of three tracts of land ceded in this treaty, the United States agreed to 
pay to the Sacs tliree thousand dollars; to the Foxes, three thousand dollars; to the Sioux, 
two thousand dollars; to the Yankton and Santie bands of Sioux, three thousand dollars; to the 
Oniahas, two thousand five hundred dollars; ami to the Ottoes and Missouris, two thousand five 
hundred dollars — to be paid annually for ten successive years. In addition to these annuities, 
the Government agreed to furnish some of the tribes with blacksmiths and agricultural imple- 
ments to the amount of two hundred dollars, at the expense of the United States, and to set apart 
three thousand dollars annually for the education of the children of these tribes. It does not 
appear that any fort was erected in this territory prior to the erection of Fort Atkinson on the 
Neutral Ground, in 1840-41. 

This treaty was made by William Clark, Superintendent of Indian affairs, and Col. Willoughby 
Morgan, of the United States First Infantry, and came into effect by proclamation, February 
24, 1831. 

10. Treat]/ with the Winnebagoes. — Made at Fort Armstrong, Rock Island, September 15, 1832, 
by Gen. Winfield Scott and Hon. John Reynolds, Governor of Illinois. In this treaty the Win- 
nebagoes ceded to the United States all their land lying on the east side of the Mississippi, and 
in part consideration therefor the United States granted to the Winnebagoes, to be held as other 
Indian lands are held, that portion of Iowa known as the Neutral Ground. The exchange of the 
two tracts of country was to take place on or before the 1st day of June, 1833. In addition to 
the Neutral Ground, it was stipulated that the United States should give the Winnebagoes, begin- 
ning in September, 1833, and continuing for twenty-seven successive years, ten thousand dollars 
in specie, and establish a school among them, with a farm and garden, and provide other fsicili- 
lies for the education of their children, not to exceed in cost three thousand dollars a year, and 
to continue the same for twenty-seven successive years. Six agriculturists, twelve yoke of oxen 
and plows and other farming tools were to be supplied by the Government. 

11. Treaty of 1S3J with the Sacs and Foxes. — Already mentioned as the Black Hawk purchase. 

12. Treaty of 1S3G, with the Sacs and Foxes, ceding Keokuk's Reserve to the United States; 
for which the Government stipulated to pay thirty thousand dollars, and an annuity of ten thou- 
sand dollars for ten successive years, together with other sums and debts of the Indians to 
various parties. 

13. Treaty of 1837.— On the 21st of October, 1837, a treaty was made at the city of Wash- 
ington, between Carey A. Harris, Commissioner of Indian Affairs, and the confederate tribes of 
Sacs and Foxes, ratitied February 21, 1838, wherein another slice of the soil of Iowa was obtained, 
described in the treaty as follows: "A tract of country containing 1,250,000 acres, lying west 
and adjoining the tract conveyed by them to the United States in the treaty of September 21, 
1832. It is understood that the points of termination for the present cession shall be the north- 
ern and southern points of said tract as fixed by the survey made under the authority of the 
United States, and that a line shall be drawn between them so as to intersect a line extended 
wcstwardly from the angle of said tract nearly opposite to Rock Island, as laid down in the above 
survey, so far as may be necessary to include the number of acres hereby ceded, which last 
mentioned line, it is estimated, will be about twenty-five miles." 

This piece of land was twenty-five miles wide in the middle, and ran off to a point at both 
ends, lying directly hack of the Black Hawk Purchase, and of the same length. 

14 Treaty of Jidim/uishment. — At the same date as the above treaty, in the city of Washing- 
ton, Carey A. Harris, Commissioner, the Sacs and Foxes ceded to the United States all their 
rijrht and interest in the country lying south of the boundary line between the Sacs and Foxes 
and Sioux, as described in the treaty of August I'.t, 1825, and between the Mississippi and Mis- 
souri Rivers, the United States paying for the same one hundred and sixty thousand dollars. 
The Indians also gave up all claims and interests under the treaties previously made with them, 
for the satisfaction of which no appropriations had been made. 

15. Tre<ity of 1842.— The last treaty was made with the Sacs and Foxes October 11, 1842 ; 
ratified March 23, 1843. It was made at the Sac and Fox agency (Agency City), by John 
Chambers, Commissioner on behalf of the United States. In this treaty the Sac and Fox Indians 
" ceded to the United States all their lands west of the Mississippi to which they had any claim 
or title." By the terms ' f this treaty they were to be removed from the country at the expira- 
tion of three years, and all who remained after that were to move at their own expense Part 
ot them were removed to Kansas in the Fall of 1845, and the rest the Spring following- 




"'3^s-'->C'>.--'- "WT 




HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 163 



SPANISH GRANTS. 



While the territory now embraced in the State of Iowa was under Spanish 
rule as a part of its province of Louisiana, certain claims to and grants of land 
were made by the Spanish authorities, with which, in addition to the extinguishment 
of Indian titles,- the United States had to deal. It is proper that these should 
be briefly reviewed. 

Dubuque. — On the 22d day of September, 1788, Julien Dubuque, a French- 
man, from Prairie du Chien, obtained from the Foxes a cession or lease of lands 
on the Mississippi River for mining purposes, on the site of the present city of 
Dubuque. Lead had been discovered here eight years before, in 1780, by the 
wife of Peosta Fox, a warrior, and Dubuque's claim embraced nearly all the lead 
bearing lands in that vicinity. He immediately took possession of his claim and 
commenced mining, at the same time making a settlement. The place »became 
known as the "Spanish Miners," or, more commonly, "-Dubuque's Lead 
Mines." 

In 1796, Dubuque filed a petition with Baron de Carondelet, the Spanish 
Governor of Louisiana, asking that the tract ceded to him by the Indians might 
be granted to him by patent from the Spanish Government. In this petition, 
Dubuque rather indefinitely set forth the boundaries of this claim as " about 
seven leagues along the Mississippi River, and three leagues in width from the 
river," intending to include, as is supposed, the river front between the Little 
Maquoketa and the Tete des Mertz Rivers, embracing more than twenty thou- 
sand acres. Carondelet granted the prayer of the petition, and the grant was 
subsequently confirmed by the Board of Land Commissioners of Louisiana. 

In October, 1804, Dubuque transferred the larger part of his claim to 
Auguste Choteau, of St. Louis, and on the 17th of May, 1805, he and Choteau 
jointly filed their claims Avith the Board of Commissioners. On the 20th of- 
September, 1806, the Board decided in their favor, pronouncing the claim to be 
a regular Spanish grant, made and completed prior to the 1st day of October, 
1800, only one member, J. B. C. Lucas, dissenting. 

Dubuque died March 24, 1810. The Indians, understanding that the claim 
of Dubuque under their former act of cession Avas only a permit to occupy the 
tract and work the mines during his life, and that at his death they reverted to 
them, took possession and continued mining operations, and were sustained by 
the military authority of the United States, notwithstanding the decision of the 
Commissioners. Wlien the Black Hawk purchase was consummated, the Du- 
buque claim thus held by the Indians was absorbed by the United States, as the 
Sacs and Foxes made no reservation of it in the treaty of 1832. 

The heirs of Choteau, however, were not disposed to relinquish their claim 
without a struggle. Late in 1832, they employed an agent to look after their 
interests, and authorized him to lease the right to dig lead on the lands. The 
miners who commenced Avork under this agent Avere compelled by the military to 
abandon their operations, and one of the claimants Avent to Galena to institute 
legal proceedings, but found no court of competent jurisdiction, although he did 
bring an action for the recovery of a quantity of lead dug at Dubuque, for the 
purpose of testing the title. Being unable to identify the lead, hoAvever, he Avas 
non-suited. 

By act of Congress, approved July 2, 1836, the toAvn of Dubuque Avas sur- 
veyed and platted. After lots had been sold and occupied by tlie purchasers, 
Henry Choteau brought an action of ejectment against Patrick Malony, Avho 



1(34 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

held land in Dubuque under a patent from the United States, for the recovery 
of seven undivided eighth parts of the Dubuque claim, as purchased by Auguste 
Choteau in 1804. The case uas tried in the District Court of the United States 
for the District of Iowa, and was decided adversely to the plaintiff. The case was 
carried to the Supreme Court of the United States on a Avrit of error, when it 
was heard at the December term, 1853, and the decision of the lower court was 
affirmed, the court holding that the permit from Cai'ondolet was merely a lease 
or permit to work the mines ; that Dubuque asked, and the Governor of Louisiana 
granted, nothing more than the "peaceable possession " of certain lands obtained 
from the Indians ; that Carondelet had no legal authority to make snch a grant 
as claimed, and that, even if he had, this was but an " inchoate and imperfect 
title." 

Qiard. — In 1795, the Lieutenant Governor of Upper Louisiana granted to 
Basil Giard five thousand eight hundred and sixty acres of land, in what is now 
Clavton County, known as the "Giard Tract." He occupied the land during 
the'time that Iowa passed from Spain to France, and from France to the United 
States, in consideration of which the Federal Government granted a patent of 
the same to Giard in his own right. His heirs sold the Avhole tract to James H, 
Lockwoodand Thomas P. Burnett, of Prairie du Chien, for three hundred dollars. 

Honori. — March 30, 1799, Zenon Trudeau, Acting Lieutenant Governor of 
Upper Louisiana, granted to Louis Honori a tract of land on the site of the 
present town of Montrose, as follows: " It is permitted to Mr. Louis (Fresson) 
Henori, or Louis Honore Fesson, to establish himself at the head of the rapids 
of the River Dos Moines, and his establishment once formed, notice of it shall be 
given to the Governor General, in order to obtain for him a commission of a space 
sufficient to give value to such establishment, and at the same time to render it 
useful to the commerce of the peltries of this country, to watch the Indians and 
keep them in the fidelity which they owe to His Majesty." 

Honori took immediate possession of his claim, which he retained until 1805. 
While trading with the natives, he became indebted to Joseph Robedoux, who 
obtained an execution on which the property was sold May 13, 1803, and was 
purchased by the creditor. In these proceedings the property Avas described as 
being '' about six leagues above the River Des Moines." Robedoux died soon 
after he purchased the proprerty. Auguste Choteau, his executor, disposed of 
the Honori tract to Thomas F. Reddeck, in April, 1805, up to which time 
Honori continued to occupy it. The grant, as made by the Spanish government, 
was a league square, but only one mile square was confirmed by the United 
States. After tlie half-breeds sold their lands, in which the Honori grant was 
included, various claimants resorted to litigation in attempts to invalidate the 
title of the Reddeck heirs, but it was finally confirmed by a decision of the 
Supreme Court of the United States in 1839, and is the oldest legal title to any 
land in the State of Iowa. 

THE HALF-BREED TRACT. 

Before any permanent settlement had been made in the Territory of Iowa, 
white ailventurers, trapjjers and traders, many of whom were scattered along 
the Mississippi and its tributaries, as agents and employes of the American Fur 
Company, intermarried with the females of the Sac and Fox Indians, producing 
a race of half-breeds, Avhose number Avas never definitely ascertained. There 
were some respectable and excellent people among them, children of men of 
some refinement and education. For instance : Dr. Muir, a gentleman educated 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 165 

at Edinburgh, Scotland, a surgeon in the United States Army, stationed at a 
military post located on the present site of Warsaw, married an Indian woman, 
and reared his family of three daughters in the city of Keokuk. Other exam- 
ples might be cited, but they are probably exceptions to the general rule, and 
the race is now nearly or quite extinct in Iowa. 

A treaty was made at Washington, August 4, 1824, between the Sacs and 
Foxes and the United States, by which that portion of Lee County was reserved 
to the half-breeds of those tribes, and which was after >vard known as '' The 
Half-Breed Tract." This reservation is the triangular piece of land, containing 
about 119,000 acres, lying between the Mississippi andDes Moines Rivers. It is 
bounded on the north by the prolongation of the northern line of Missouri. 
This line was intended to be a straight one, running due east, which would have 
caused it to strike the IMississippi River at or below Montrose ; but the surveyor who 
run it took no notice of the change in the variation of the needle as he proceeded 
eastward, and, in consequence, the line he run was bent, deviating more and more 
to the northAvard of a direct line as he approached the Mississippi, so that it 
struck that river at the lower edge of the town of Fort Madison, " This errone- 
ous line," says Judge Mason, "has been acquiesced in as well in fixing the 
northern limit of the Half-Breed Tract as in determining the northern boundary 
line of the State of Missouri," The line thus run included in the reservation 
a portion of the lower part of the city of Fovt Madison, and all of the present 
townships of Van Buren, Charleston, Jefferson, Des Moines, Montrose and 
Jackson . 

Under the treaty of 1824, the half-breeds had the right to occupy the soil, 
but could not convey it, the reversion being reserved to the United States, But 
on the 30th day of January, 1834, by act of Congress, this reversionary right 
was relinquished, and the lialf-breeds acquired the lands in fee simple. This 
was no sooner done, than a horde of speculators rushed in to buy land of the 
half-breed owners, and, in many instances, a gun, a blanket, a pony or a few 
quarts of whisky was sufficient for the purchase of large estates, Tliere was 
a deal of sharp practice on both sides ; Indians would often claim ownership of 
land by virtue of being lialf-breeds, and had no diificulty in proving their mixed 
blood by the Indians, and they would then cheat the speculators by selling land 
to which they had no rightful title. On the other hand, speculators often 
claimed land in which they had no ownership. It was diamond cut diamond, 
until at last things became badly mixed. There were no authorized surveys, 
and no boundary lines to claims, and, as a natural result, numerous conflicts and 
quarrels ensued. 

To settle these difficulties, to decide the validity of claims or sell them for 
the benefit of the real owners, by act of the Legislature of Wisconsin Territory, 
approved January 16, 1838, Edward Johnstone, Thomas S. Wilson and David 
Brigham were appointed Commissioners, and clothed with power to effect these 
objects. The act provided that these Commissioners should be paid six dollars 
a day each. The commission entered upon its duties and continued until the 
next session of the Legislature, when the act creating it was repealed, invalidat- 
ing all that had been done and depriving the Commissioners of their pay. The 
repealing act, however, authorized the Commissioners to commence action against 
the owners of the Half-Breed Tract, to receive pay for their services, in the Dis- 
trict Court of Lee County. Two judgments were obtained, and on execution 
the whole of the tract was sold to Hugh T. Reid, the Sheriff executing the 
deed. Mr. Reid sold portions of it to various parties, but his own title Avas 
questioned and he became involved in litigation. Decisions in favor of Reid 



166 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

and those liolding under him were made by both District and Supreme Courts, 
but in December, 1850, these decisions were finally reversed by the Supreme 
Court of the United States in the case of Joseph Webster, plaintiff in error, vs. 
Hu<^h T. Reid, and the judgment titles failed. About nine years before the 
"jmlgment titles " were finally abrogated as above, another class of titles were 
broui^it into competition with them, and in the conflict between the two, the 
final°decision was obtained. These were the titles based on the " decree of 
partition " issued by the United States District Court for the Territory of Iowa, 
on the 8th of May, 1841, and certified to by the Clerk on the 2d day of June of 
that year. Edward Johnstone and Hugh T. Reid, then law partners at Fort 
Madison, filed the petition for the decree in behalf of the St. Louis claimants of 
half-breed lands. Francis S. Key, author of the Star Spangled Banner, who 
was then attorney for the New York Land Company, which held heavy interests 
in these lands, took a leading part in the measure, and drew up the document in 
which it was presented to tlie court. Judge Charles Mason, of Burlington, pre- 
sided. The plan of partition divided the tract into one hundred and one shares 
and arranged that each claimant should draw his proportion by lot, and should 
abide the result, whatever it might be. The arrangement was entered into, the 
lots drawn, and the plat of the same filed in the Recorder's office, October 6, 
1841. Upon this basis the titles to land in the Half-Breed Tract are now held. 

EARLY SETTLEMENTS. 

The first permanent settlement by the whites within the limits of Iowa was 
made by Julien Dubuque, in 1788, when, Avith a small party of miners, he set- 
tled on the site of the city that now bears his name, where he lived until his 
death, in 1810. Louis Honori settled on the site of the present town of Mon- 
trose, probably in 1799, and resided there until 1805, when his property passed 
into other hands. Of the Giard settlement, opposite Prairie du Chien, little is 
known, except that it was occupied by some parties prior to the commencement 
of the present century, and contained three cabins in 1805. Indian traders, 
although not strictly to be considered settlers, had established themselves at 
various points at an early date. A Mr. Johnson, agent of the American Fur 
Company, had a trading post below Burlington, where he carried on traffic with 
the Indians some time before the United States possessed the country. In 
1820, Le Moliese, a French trader, had a station at what is now Sandusky, six 
miles above Keokuk, in Lee County. In 1829, Dr. Isaac Gallaud made a set- 
tlement on the Lower Rapids, at what is now Nashville. 

The first settlement in Lee County Avas made in 1820, by Dr. Samuel C. 
Muir, a surgeon in the United States army, who had been stationed at Fort 
Edwards, now Warsaw, III, and who built a cabin Avhere the city of Keokuk 
now stands. Dr. Muir was a man of strict integrity and irreproachable char- 
acter. While stationed at a military post on the Upper Mississippi, he had 
married an Indian woman of the Fox nation. Of his marriage, the following 
romantic account is given : 

The post at which he was stationed was visited by a beautiful Indian maiden — whose native 
name, unfortunately, has not been preserved — who, in her dreams, had seen a white brave un- 
moor his canoe, paddle it across the river and come directly to her lodge. She felt assured, 
according to the superstitious belief of lier race, that, in her dreams, she had seen her future 
husband, and had come to the fort to find him. Meeting Dr. Muir, she instantly recognized 
him as the hero of her dream, which, with childlike innocence and simplicity, she related to 
him. Her dream was, indeed, prophetic. Charmed with Sophia's beauty, innocence and devo- 
tion, the doctor honorably married her; but after a while, the sneers and gibes of his brother 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 167 

officers — less honorable than he, perhaps — made him feel ashamed of his dark-skinned wife, and 
when his regiment was ordered down the river, to Bellefontaine, it is said he embraced the 
opportunity to rid himself of her, and left her, never expecting to see her again, and little 
dreaming that she would have the courage to follow him. But, with her infant child, this in- 
trepid wife and mother started alone in her canoe, and, after many days of weary labor and a 
lonely journey of nine hundred miles, she, at last, reached him. She afterwai-d remarked, when 
speaking of this toilsome journey down the river in search of her husband, " When I got there 
I was all perished away — so thin ! " The doctor, touched by such unexampled devotion, took her 
to his heart, and ever after, until his death, treated her with marked respect. She always pre- 
sided at his table with grace and dignity, but never abandoned her native style of dress. In 
1819-20, he was stationed at Fort Edward, but the senseless ridicule of some of his brother 
officers on account of his Indian wife induced him to resign his commission. 

After building his cabin, as above stated, he leased his claim for a term of years to Otis 
Reynolds and John Culver, of St. Louis, and went to La Pointe, afterward Galena, where he 
practiced his profession for ten years, when he returned to Keokuk. His Indian wife bore to 
him four children — Louise (married at Keokuk, since dead), James, (drowned at Keokuk), Mary 
and Sophia. Dr. Muir died suddenly of cholera, in 1832, but left his property in such condition 
that it was soon wasted in vexatious litigation, and his brave and faithful wife, left friendless and 
penniless, became discouraged, and, with her children, disappeared, and, it is said, returned to 
her people on the Upper Missouri. 

Messrs. Reynolds k Culver, who had leased Dr. Muir's claim at Keokuk, 
subsequently employed as their agent Mr. Moses Stillwell, who arrived with 
his family in 1828, and took possession of Muir's cabin. His brothers-in-law, 
Amos and Valencourt Van Ansdal, came with him and settled near. 

His daughter, Margaret Stillwell (afterward Mrs. Ford) was born in 1831, 
at the foot of the rapids, called by the Indians Puch-a-she-tuck, where Keokuk 
now stands. She was probably the first white American child born in Iowa. 

In 1831, Mr. Johnson, Agent of the American Fur Company, who had a 
station at the foot of the rapids, removed to another location, and, Dr. Muir 
having returned from Galena, he and Isaac R. Campbell took the place and 
buildings vacated by the Company and carried on trade with the Indians and 
half-breeds. Campbell, who had first visited and traveled through the southern 
part of Iowa, in 1821, was an enterprising settler, and besides trading with the 
natives carried on a farm and kept a tavern. 

Dr. Muir died of cholera in 1832. 

In 1830, James L. and Lucius H. Langworthy, brothers and natives of 
Vermont, visited the Territory for the purpose of working the lead mines at Du- 
buque. They had been engaged in lead mining at Galena, Illinois, the former 
from as early as 1824. The lead mines in the Dubuque region were an object 
of great interest to the miners about Galena, for they were known to be rich in 
lead ore. To explore these mines and to obtain permission to work them was 
therefore eminently desirable. 

In 1829, James L. Langworthy resolved to visit the Dubuque mines. Cross- 
ing the Mississippi at a point now known as Dunleith, in a canoe, and swim- 
ming his horse by his side, he landed on the spot now known as Jones Street 
Levee. Before him spread out a beautiful prairie, on which the city of Du- 
buque now stands. Two miles south, at the mouth of Catfish Creek, was a vil- 
lage of Sacs and Foxes. Thither Mr. Langworthy proceeded, and was Avell re- 
ceived by the natives. He endeavored to obtain permission from them to mine 
in their hills, but this they refused. He, however, succeeded in gaining the con- 
fidence of the chief to such an extent as to be allowed to travel in the interior 
for three weeks and explore the country. He employed two young Indians as 
guides, and traversed in different directions the whole region lying between the 
Maquoketa and Turkey Rivers. He returned to the village, secured the good 
will of the Indians, and, returning to Galena, formed plans fur future opera- 
tions, to be executed as soon as circumstances would permit. 



168 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

In 1830, with his brother, Lucius H., and others, having obtained the con- 
sent of the Indians, Mr. Langworthy crossed the Mississippi and commenced 
mining in the vicinity around Dubuque. 

At tliis time, tlie lands were not in the actual possession of the United States. 
Although they had been purchased from France, the Indian title had not been 
extinguished, and these adventurous persons were beyond the limits of any State 
or Territorial government. The first settlers were therefore obliged to be their 
own law-makers, and to agree to such regulations as the exigencies of the case 
demanded. The first act resembling civil legislation within the limits of the 
present State of Iowa was done by the miners at this point, in June, 1830. They 
met on the bank of the river, by the side of an old cottonwood drift log, at 
what is now the Jones Street Levee, Dubuque, and elected a Committee, con- 
sisting of J. L. Langworthy, II. F. Lander, James McPhetres, Samuel Scales, 
and E. M. Wren. This may be called the first Legislature in Iowa, the mem- 
bers of which gathered around that old cottonwood log, and agreed to and re- 
ported the following, written by Mr. Langworthy, on a half sheet of coarse, un- 
ruled paper, the old log being the writing desk : 

We, a Committee having been chosen to draft certain rules and regulations (laws) by 
which we as miners will be governed, and having duly considered the subject, do unanimously 
agree tliat we will be governed by the regulations on the east side of the Mississippi River,* with 
the following exceptions, to wit : 

Ahticle I. That each and every man shall hold 200 yards square of ground by working 
said ground one day in six. 

Article II. We further agree that there shall be chosen, by the majority of the miners 
present, a person who shall hold this article, and who shall grant letters of arbitration on appli- 
cation having been made, and that said letters of arbitration shall be obligatory on the parties so 
applying. 

The report was accepted by the miners present, who elected Dr. Jarote, in 
accordance with Article 2. Here, then, we have, in 1830, a primitive Legisla- 
ture elected by the people, the law drafted by it being submitted to the people 
for approval, and under it Dr. Jarote was elected first Governor within the 
limits of the present State of Iowa. And it is to be said that the laws thus 
enaoted were as promptly obeyed, and the acts of the executive officer thus 
elected as duly respected, as any have been since. 

The miners who had thus erected an independent government of their own 
on the west side of the Mississippi River continued to work successfully for a 
long time, and the ncAV settlement attracted considerable attention. But the 
west side of the Mississippi belonged to the Sac and Fox Indians, and the Gov- 
ernment, in order to preserve peace on the frontier, as well as to protect the 
Indians in their rights under the treaty, ordered the settlers not only to stop 
mining, but to remove from the Indian territory. They were simply intruders. 
The execution of this order was entrusted to Col. Zachary Taylor, then in com- 
mand of the military post at Prairie dii Chien, who, early in July, sent an officer 
to the miners with orders to forbid settlement, and to command the miners to 
remove within ten days to the east side of the Mississippi, or they would be 
driven off ^ by armed force. The miners, however, were reluctant about leaving 
the rich "leads" they had already discovered and opened, and were not dis- 
posed to obey the order to remove Vith any considerable degree of alacrity. In 
due time. Col. Taylor dispatched a detachment of troops to enforce his order. The 
miners, anticipating their arrival, had, excepting thiee, recrossed the river, and 
from the east bank saw the troops land on the western shore. The three who 
had l ingered a little too long were, however, permitted to make their escape 

* Established by the Siipcrintindent of V. S. Lead Mines at Fever River. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 169 

unmolested. From this time, a military force was stationed at Dubuque to 
prevent the settlers from returning, until June, 1832. The Indians returned, 
and were encouaged to operate the rich mines opened by the late white 
occupants. 

In June, 1832, the troops were ordered to the east side to assist in the 
annihilation of the very Indians whose rights they had been protecting on the 
west side. Immediately after the close of the Black Hawk war, and the negotia- 
tions of the treaty in September, 1832, by which the Sacs and Foxes ceded to 
the United States the tract known as the "Black Hawk Purchase," the set- 
tlers, supposing that now they had a right to re-enter the territory, returned 
and took possession of their claims, built cabins, erected furnaces and prepared 
large quantities of lead for market. Dubuque was becoming a noted place on 
the river, but the prospects of the hardy and enterprising settlers and miners 
were again ruthlessly interfered with by the Government, on the ground that 
the treaty with the Indians would not go into force until June 1, 1833, although 
they had withdrawn from the vicinity of the settlement. Col. Taylor was again 
ordered by the War Department to remove the miners, and in January, 1833, 
troops were again sent from Prairie du Chien to Dubuque for that purpose. 
This was a serious and perhaps unnecessary hardship imposed upon the settlers. 
They were compelled to abandon their cabins and homes in mid-winter. It 
must now be said, simply, that "red tape" should be respected. The purchase 
had been made, the treaty ratified, or was sure to be ; the Indians had retired, 
and, after the lapse of nearly fifty years, no very satisfactory reason for this 
rigorous action of the Government can be given. 

But the orders had been given, and there was no alternative but to obey. 
Many of the settlers recrossed the river, and did not return ; a few, however, 
removed to an island near the east bank of the river, built rude cabins of poles, 
in which to store their lead until Spring, when they could float the fruits of 
their labor to St. Louis for sale, and where they could remain until the treaty 
"went into force, when they could return. Among these were James L. Lang- 
worthy, and his brother Lucius, who had on hand about three hundred thousand 
pounds of lead. 

Lieut, Covington, who had been placed in command at Dubuque by Col. 
Taylor, ordered some of the cabins of the settlers to be torn down, and wagons 
and other property to be destroyed. This wanton and inexcusable action on 
the part of a subordinate clothed with a little brief authority was sternly 
rebuked by Col. Taylor, and Covington was superseded by Lieut. George Wil- 
son, who pursued a just and friendly course with the pioneers, who were only 
waiting for the time Avhen they could repossess their claims. 

June 1, 1833, the treaty formally went into effect, the troops were withdrawn, 
and the Langworthy brothers and a few otliers at once returned and resumed 
possession of their home claims and mineral prospects, and from this time the 
first permanent settlement of this portion of Iowa must date. Mr. John P. 
Sheldon was appointed Superintendent of the mines by the Government, and a 
system of permits to miners and licenses to smelters was adopted, similar to that 
which had been in operation at Galena, since 1825, under Lieut. Martin Thomas 
and Capt. Thomas C. Legate. Substantially the primitive law enacted by the 
miners assembled around that old cottonwood drift log in 1830 was adopted and 
enforced by the United States Government, except that miners were required to 
sell their mineral to licensed smelters and the smelter was required to give bonds 
for the payment of six per cent, of all lead manufactured to the Government. 
This was the same rule adopted in the United States mines on Fever River in 



170 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF lOAVA. 

Illinois, except that, until 1830, the Illinois miners M^ere compelled to pay 10 
per cent. tax. This tax upon the miners created much dissatisfaction among 
the miners on the west side as it had on the east side of the Mississippi. They 
thought they had suffered hardships and privations enough in opening the way 
for civilization, without being subjected to the imposition of an odious Govern- 
ment tax upon their means of subsistence, when the Federal Government could 
better aftbrd to aid than to extort from them. The measure soon became unpop- 
ular. It was difficult to collect the taxes, and the whole system was abolished 
in about ten years. 

During 1833, after the Indian title was fully extinguished, about five hun- 
dred ]ieople arrived at the mining district, about one hundred and fifty of them 
from Galena. 

In the same year, Mr. Langworthy assisted in building the first school house 
in Iowa, and thus was formed the nucleus of the now populous and thriving 
City of Dubuque. Mr. Langworthy lived to see the naked prairie on which he 
first landed become the site of a city of fifteen thousand inhabitants, the small 
school house which he aided in constructing replaced by three substantial edifices, 
wherein two thousand children were being trained, churches erected in every 
part of the city, and railroads connecting the wilderness which he first explored 
with all the eastern world. He died suddenly on the 13th of March, 1865, 
while on a trip over the Dubuque & Southwestern Eailroad, at Monticello, 
and the evening train brought the news of his death and his remains. 

Lucius 11. Langworthy, his brother, was one of the most Avortliy, gifted and 
mfluential of the old settlers of this section of Iowa. He died, greatly lamented 
by many friends, in June, 1865. 

The name Dubuque was given to the settlement by the miners at a meeting 
held in 1834. 

In 1832, Captain James White made a claim on the present site of Montrose. 
In 1834, a military post was established at this point, and a garrison of cavalry 
was stationed here, under the command of Col. Stephen W. Kearney. The 
soldiers were removed from this post to Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, in 1837. 

During the same year, 1832, soon after the close of the Black Hawk War, 
Zachariah Hawkins, Benjamin Jennings, Aaron White, Augustine Horton, 
Samuel Gooch, Daniel Thompson and Peter Williams made claims at Fort 
Madison. In 1833, these claims were purchased by John and Nathaniel 
Knapp, upon which, in 1835, they laid out the town. The next Summer, lots 
were sold. The town was subsequently re-surveyed and platted by the United 
States Government. 

At the close of the Black Hawk War, parties who had been impatiently 
looking across upon "Flint Hills," now Burlington, came over from Illinois 
and made claims The first was Samuel S. White, in the Fall of 1832, who 
erected a cabin on the site of the city of Burlington. About the same time, 
David Tothero made a claim on the prairie about three miles back from the 
river, at a place since known as the farm of Judge Morgan. In the Winter of 
that year, they were driven off by the military from Rock Island, as intruders 
upon the rights of the Indians, and White's cabin was burnt by the soldiers. 
He retired to Illinois, where he spent the Winter, and in the Summer, as soon 
as the Indian title was extinguished, returned and rebuilt his cabin. White 
was joined by his brother-in-law, Doolittle, and they laid out the original town 
of Burlington in 1834. 

All along the river borders of the Black Hawk Purchase settlers were flocking 
into Iowa. Immediately after the treaty with the Sacs and Foxes, in Septem- 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 171 

ber, 1832, Col. George Davenport made the first claim on the spot where the 
thriving city of Davenport now stands. As early as 1827, Col. Davenport had 
established a flatboat ferry, -which ran between the island and the main shore of 
Iowa, by which he carried on a trade with the Indians west of the Mississippi. 
In 1833, Capt. Benjamin W. Clark moved across from Illinois, and laid the 
foundation of the town of Buffalo, in Scott County, which was the first actual 
settlement within the limits of that county. Among other early settlers in this 
part of the Territory were Adrian H. Davenport, Col. John Sullivan, Mulli- 
gan and Franklin Easly, Capt. John Coleman, J. M. Camp, William White, 
H. W. Higgins, Cornelius Harrold, Richard Harrison, E. H. Shepherd and 
Dr. E. S. Barrows. 

The first settlers of Davenport were Antoine LeClaire, Col. George Daven- 
port, Major Thomas Smith, Major William Gordon, Philip Hambough, Alexan- 
der W. McGregor, Levi S. Colton, Capt. James May and others. Of Antoine 
LeClaire, as the representative of the two races of men who at this time occu- 
pied Iowa, Hon. C. C. Nourse, in his admirable Centennial Address, says : 
" Antoine LeClaire was born at St. Joseph, Michigan, in 1797. His father 
was French, his mother a granddaughter of a Pottowatomie chief. In 1818, 
he acted as official interpreter to Col. Davenport, at Fort Armstrong (now Rock 
Island). He was well acquainted with a dozen Indian dialects, and was a man 
of strict integrity and great energy. In 1820, he married the granddaughter 
of a Sac chief. The Sac and Fox Indians reserved for him and his wife two 
sections of land in the treaty of 1833, one at the town of LeClaire and one at 
Davenport. The Pottawatomies, in the treaty at Prairie du Chien, also 
reserved for him two sections of land, at the present site of Moline, 111. He 
received the appointment of Postmaster and Justice of the Peace in the Black 
Hawk Purchase, at an early day. In 1833, he bought for $100 a claim on the 
land upon which the original town of Davenport was surveyed and platted in 
1836. In 1836, LeClaire built the hotel, known since, with its valuable addi- 
tion, as the LeClaire House. He died September 25, 1861." 

In Clayton County, the first settlement was made in the Spring of 1832, 
on Turkey River, by Robert Hatfield and William W. Wayman. No further 
settlement was made in this part of the State till the beginning of 1836. 

In that portion now known as Muscatine County, settlements were made in 
1834, by Benjamin Nye, John Vanater and G. W. Kasey, who were the first 
settlers. E. E. Fay, William St. John, N. Fullington, H. Reece, Jona Petti- 
bone, R. P. Lowe, Stephen Whicher, Abijah Whiting, J. E. Fletcher, W. D. 
Abernethy and Alexis Smith were early settlers of Muscatine. 

During the Summer of 1835, William Bennett and his family, from Galena, 
built the first cabin within the present limits of Delaware County, in some 
timber since known as Eads' Grove. 

The first post office in loVa was established at Dubuque in 1833. Milo H. 
Prentice was appointed Postmaster. 

The first Justice of the Peace was Antoine Le Claire, appointed in 1833, as 
"a very suitable person to adjust the difficulties between the white settlers and 
the Indians vStill remaining there." 

The first jNIethodist Society in the Territory was formed at Dubuque on 
the 18th of May, 1834, and the first class meeting was held June 1st of that 
year. 

The first church bell brought into Iowa was in March, 1834. 

The first mass of the Roman Catholic Church in the Territory w^as celebrated 
at Dubuque, in the house of Patrick Quigley, in the Fall of 1833. 



172 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

Tlie first school liouse in the Territory was erected by the Dubuque miners 

in 1833. 1 • 1 o 

The first Sabbath school was organized at Dubuque early m the bummer 

of 183-t. 

The first woman who came to this part of the Territory with a view to per- 
manent residence was Mrs. Noble F. Dean, in the Fall of 1832. 

The first family that lived in this part of Iowa was that of Hosea T. Camp, 

in 1832. 

The first meeting house was built by the Methodist Episcopal Church, at 

Dubuque, in 1834. 

The first newspaper in Iowa was the Dubuque Visitor, issued May 11th, 1836. 
John King, afterward Judge King, was editor, and William C. Jones, printer. 
The pioneers of Iowa, as a class, were brave, hardy, intelligent and 
enterprising people. 

As early as 1824, a French trader named Hart had established a trading 
post, and built a cabin on the bluffs above the large spring now known as 
"Mvnster Spring," within the limits of the present city of Council Bluifs, and 
had probably been there some time, as the post was known to the employes of 
the American Fur Company as Lacote de Hart, or " Hart's Bluff." In 1827, 
an ao-ent of the American Fur Company, Francis Guittar, with others, encamped 
in the timber at the foot of the bluffs, about on the present location of Broad- 
wav. and afterward settled there. In 1839, a block house was built on the 
bluff in the east part of the city. The Pottawatomie Indians occupied this part 
of the State until 1846-7, when they relinquished the territory and removed to 
Kansas. Billy Caldwell was then principal chief. There were no white settlers 
in that part of the State except Indian traders, until the arrival of the Mormons 
under the lead of Brigham Young. These people on their way westward halted 
for the Winter of 1846-7 on the west bank of the Missouri River, about five 
miles above Omaha, at a place noAV called Florence. Some of them had 
reached the eastern bank of the river the Spring before, in season to plant a 
crop. In the Spring of 1847, Young and a portion of the colony pursued their 
journey to Salt Lake, but a large portion of them returned to the Iowa side and 
settled mainly within the limits of Pottawattamie County. The principal settle- 
ment of this strange community was at a place first called "Miller's Hollow," 
on Indian Creek, and afterward named Kanesville, in honor of Col. Kane, of 
Pennsylvania, who visited them soon afterward. The Mormon settlement 
extended over the county and into neighboring counties, wherever timber and 
water furnislied desirable locations. Orson Hyde, priest, lawyer and editor, was 
installed as President of the Quorum of Twelve, and all that part of the State 
remained under Moraion control for several years. In 1846, they raised a bat- 
tali(»n, numbering some five hundred men, for the Mexican war. In 1848, Hyde 
started a paper called the Frontier Guardian, at Kanesville. In 1849, after 
many of the fliithful had left to join Brigham Young at Salt Lake, the Mormons 
in this section of Iowa nuuibercd 6,552, and in 1850, 7,828, but they were not 
all within the limits of Pottawattamie County. This county was organized in 
I84s. all the first officials being Mormons. In 1852, the order was promulgated 
that all the true believers should gather together at Salt Lake. Gentiles flocked 
in, and in a few years nearly all the first settlers were gone. 

May 9, 1843, Captain James Allen, with a small detachment of troops on 
board the steamer lone, arrived at the present site of the capital of the State, 
Des Moines. The lone was the first steamer to ascend the Des Moines River 
to this point. The troops and stores were landed at what is now the foot of 



HISTORY OP THE STATE OF IOWA. 173 

Court avenue, Des Moines, and Capt. Allen returned in the steamer to Fort 
Sanford to arrange for bringing up more soldiers and supplies. In due time 
they, too, arrived, and a fort was built near the mouth of Raccoon Fork, at its 
confluence with the Des Moines, and named Fort Des Moines. Soon after the 
arrival of the troops, a trading post was established on the east side of the river, 
by two noted Indian traders named Ewing, from Ohio. 

Among the first settlers in this part of Iowa were Benjamin Bryant, J. B. 
Scott, James Drake (gunsmith), John Sturtevant, Robert Kinzie, Alexander 
Turner, Peter Newcomer, and others. 

The Western States have been settled by many of the best and most enter- 
prising men of the older States, and a large immigration of the best blood of 
the Old World, who, removing to an arena of larger opportunities, in a more 
fertile soil and congenial clima'te, have developed a spirit and an energy 
peculiarly Western. In no country on the globe have enterprises of all kinds 
been pushed forward with such rapidity, or has there been such independence 
and freedom of competition. Among those who have pioneered the civiliza- 
tion of the West, and been the founders of great States, none have ranked 
higher in the scale of intelligence and moral Avorth than the pioneers of Iowa, 
who came to the territory when it was an Indian country, and through hardship, 
privation and suffering, laid the foundations of the populous and prosperous 
commonwealth which to-day dispenses its blessings to a million and a quarter 
of people. From her first settlement and from her first organization as a terri- 
tory to the present day, Iowa has had able men to manage her affairs, wise 
statesmen to shape her destiny and frame her laws, and intelligent and impartial 
jurists to administer justice to her citizens ; her bar, pulpit and press have been 
able and widely influential ; and in all the professions, arts, enterprises and 
industries Avhich go to moke up a great and prosperous commonwealth, she has 
taken and holds a front rank among: her sister States of the West. 



TERRITORIAL HISTORY. 

By act of Congress, approved October 31, 1803, the President of the United 
States was authorized to take possession of the territory included in the 
Louisiana purchase, and provide for a temporary government. By another act 
of the same session, approved March 26, 1804, the newly acquired country was 
divided, October 1, 1804 into the Territory of Orleans, south of the thirty-third 
parallel of north latitude, and the district of Louisiana, which latter was placed 
under the authority of the officers of Indiana Territory. 

In 1805, the District of Louisiana was organized as a Territory with a gov- 
ernment of its own. In 1807, Iowa was included in the Territory of Illinois, 
and in 1812 in the Territory of Missouri. When Missouri was admitted as a 
State, March 2, 1821, " Iowa," says Hon. C. C. Nourse, "was left a political 
orphan," until by act of Congress, approved June 28, 1834, the Black Hawk 
purchase having been made, all the territory west of the Mississippi and north 
of the northern boundary of Missouri, was made a part of Michigan Territory. 
Up to this time there had been no county or other organization in what is now 
the State of Iowa, although one or two Justices of the Peace had been appointed 
and a post office was established at Dubuque in 1833. In September, 1834, 
however, the Territorial Legislature of Michigan created two counties on the 
west side of the Mississippi River, viz. : Dubuque and Des Moines, separated 
by a line drawn westward from the foot of Rock Island. These counties were 



174 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

partially organized. John King was appointed Chief Justice of Dubuque 
County, and Isaac Lefiler, of Burlington, of Des Moines County. Two 
Associate Justices, in each county, Avere appointed by the Governor. 

On the first Monday in October, 1835, Gen. George W. Jones, now a citi- 
zen of Dubuque, Avas elected a Delegate to Congress from this part of Michigan 
Territory. On the ^Oth of April, 1836, through the efforts of Gen. Jones, 
Congress passed a bill creating the Territory of Wisconsin, which went into 
operation, July 4, 1836, and Iowa was then included in 

THE TERRITORY OF WISCONSIN, 

of which Gen. Henry Dodge was appointed Governor; John S. Horner, Secre- 
tary of the Territory ; Charles Dunn, Chief Justice ; David Irwin and William 
C. Frazer, Associate Justices. 

September 9, 1836, Governor Dodge ordered the census of the new Territory 
to be taken. This census resulted in showing a population of 10,531 in the 
counties of Dubuque and Des Moines. Under the apportionment, these two 
counties were entitled to six members of the Council and thirteen of the House 
of Representatives. The Governor issued his proclamation for an election to be 
held on the first Monday of October, 1836, on which day the following members 
of the First Territorial Legislature of Wisconsin Avere elected from the tAvo 
counties in the Black Hawk purchase : 

Dubuque County. — Council: John Fally, Thomas McKnight, Thomas Mc- 
Craney. House : Loring Wheeler, Hardin Nowlan, Peter Hill Engle, Patrick 
Quigley, Ilosea T. Camp. 

Des Moines County. — Council: Jeremiah Smith, Jr., Joseph B. Teas, 
Arthur B. Ingram. House: Isaac Lefiler, Thomas Blair, Warren L. Jenkins, 
John Box, George W. Teas, Eli Reynolds, David R. Chance. 

The first Legislature assembled at Belmont, in the present State of Wiscon- 
sin, on the 25th day of October, 1836, and was organized by electing Henry T. 
Baird President of the Council, and Peter Hill Engle, of Dubuque, Speaker of 
the House. It adjourned December 9, 1836. 

The second Legislature assembled at Burlington, November 10, 1837. 
Adjourned January 20, 1838. The third session was at Burlington ; com- 
menced June 1st, and adjourned June 12, 1838. 

Daring the first session of the Wisconsin Territorial Legislature, in 1836, 
the county of Des Moines was divided into Des Moines, Lee, Van Buren, Henry, 
Muscatine and Cook (the latter being subsequently changed to Scott) and defined 
their boundaries. During the second session, out of the territory embraced in 
Dubu(iuo County, were created the counties of Dubuque, Clayton, Fayette, 
Delaware, Buchanan, Jackson, Jones, Linn, Clinton and Cedar, and their boun- 
daries defined, but the most of them were not organized until several years 
afterward, under the authority of tlio Territorial Legislature of loAva. 

The ((uestion of a separate territorial organization for loAva, which Avas then 
a part of Wisconsin Territory, began to be agitated early in the Autumn of 
1837. The Avishos of the people found expression in a convention held at Bur- 
lington on the 1st of November, Avhich memorialized Congress to organize a 
Territory Avest of the Mississippi, and to settle the boundary line between Wis- 
consin Territory and Missouri. The Territorial Legislature of Wisconsin, then 
in session at Burlington, joined in the petition. Gen. George W. Jones, of 
Dubuque, then residing at Sinsinawa Mound, in what is noAv Wisconsin, Avas 
Delegate to Congress from Wisconsin Territory, and labored so earnestly and 
successfully, that " An act to divide the Territory of Wisconsin, and to estab- 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 175 

lish the Territorial Government of Iowa," was approved June 12, 1838, to take 
effect and be in force on and after July 3, 1838. The new Territory embraced 
" all that part of the present Territory of Wisconsin which lies west of the Mis- 
sissippi River, and west of a line drawn due north from the head water or 
sources of the Mississippi to the territorial line." The organic act provided 
for a Governor, whose term of office should be three years, and for a Secretary, 
Chief Justice, two Associate Justices, and Attorney and Marshal, who should 
serve four years, to be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and 
consent of the Senate. The act also provided for the election, by the white 
male inhabitants, citizens of the United States, over twenty-one years of age, 
of a House of Representatives, consisting of twenty-six members, and a Council, 
to consist of thirteen members. It also appropriated $5,000 for a public library, 
and §20,000 for the erection of public buildings. 

President Van Buren appointed Ex-Governor Robert Lucas, of Ohio, to be 
the first Governor of the new Territory. William B. Conway, of Pittsburgh, 
was appointed Secretary of the Territory ; Charles Mason, of Burlington, 
Chief Justice, and Thomas S. Wilson, of Dubuque, and Joseph Williams, of 
Pennsylvania, Associate Judges of the Supreme and District Courts ; Mr. Van 
Allen, of New York, Attorney; Francis Gehon, of Dubuque, Marshal; Au- 
gustus C. Dodge, Register of the Laad Office at Burlington, and Thomas Mc- 
Knight, Receiver of the Land Office at Dubuque. Mr. Van Allen, the District 
Attorney, died at Rockingham, soon after his appointment, and Col. Charles 
Weston was appointed to fill his vacancy. Mr. Conway, the Secretary, also 
died at Burlington, during the second session of the Legislature, and James 
Clarke, editor of the Gazette, was appointed to succeed him. 

Immediately after his arrival, Governor Lucas issued a proclamation for the 
election of members of the first Territorial Legislature, to be held on the 10th 
of September, dividing the Territory into election districts for that purpose, and 
appointing the 12th day of November for meeting of the Legislature to be 
elected, at Burlington. 

The first Territorial Legislature was elected in September and assembled at 
Burlington on the 12th of November, and consisted of the following members : 

Council. — Jesse B. Brown, J. Keith, E. A. M. Swazey, Arthur Ingram, 
Robert Ralston, George Hepner, Jesse J. Payne, D. B. Hughes, James M. 
Clark, Charles Whittlesey, Jonathan W. Parker, Warner Lewis, Stephen 
Hempstead. 

House. — William Patterson, Hawkins Taylor, Calvin J. Price, James 
Brierly, James Hall, Gideon S. Bailey, Samuel Parker, James W. Grimes, 
George Temple, Van B. Delashmutt, Thomas Blair, George H. Beeler,* 
William G. Coop, William H. Wallace, Asbury B. Porter, John Frierson, 
William L. Toole, Levi Thornton, S. C. Hastings, Robert G. Roberts, Laurel 
Summers, t Jabez A. Burchard, Jr., Chauncey Swan, Andrew Bankson, Thomas 
Cox and Hardin Nowlin. 

Notwithstanding a large majority of the members of both branches of the 
Legislature were Democrats, yet Gen. Jesse B. Browne (Whig), of Lee County, 
was elected President of the Council, and Hon. William H. Wallace (Whig), of 
Henry County, Speaker of the House of Representatives — the former unani- 
mously and the latter with but little opposition. At that time, national politics 

* Cyrus S. Jacobs, who was elpcted for Pes Moines County, was killed in an unfortunate encounter at Burlington 
before the meeting of the Legislature, and Mr. Beeler was elected to fill the vacancy. 

f Samuel K. Murray was returned as elected from Clinton County, but his seat was successfully contested by 
Burchard. 



176 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

-wore little heeiled by the people of the new Territory, but in 1840, during the 
Presidential campaign, party lines were strongly drawn. 

At the election in September, 1838, for members of the Legislature, a Con- 
gressional Delegate was also elected. There were four candidates, viz. : William 
W. Cha])man and David Rohrer, of Des Moines County ; B. F. Wallace, of 
Henry County, and P. 11. Engle, of Dubuque County. Chapman was elected, 
receiving a majority of thirty-six over Engle. 

The first session of the Iowa Territorial Legislature was a stormy and excit- 
ing one. By the organic law, the Governor was clothed with almost unlimited 
veto power. Governor Lucas seemed disposed to make free use of it, and the 
independent Hawkeyes could not quietly submit to arbitrary and absolute rule, 
and the result was an unpleasant controversy between the Executive and Legis- 
lative departments. Congress, however, by act approved March 3, 1839, 
amended the organic law by restricting the veto power of the Governor to the 
two-thirds rule, and took from him the power to appoint Sheriffs and Magistrates. 

Among the first important matters demanding attention was the location of 
the seat of goverrnnent and provision for the erection of public buildings, for 
which Congress had appropriated ^20,000. Governor Lucas, in his message, 
had recommended the appointment of Commissioners, with a view to making a 
central location. The extent of the future State of Iowa was not known or 
thought of Only on a strip of land fifty miles wide, bordering on the Missis- 
sippi Kiver, was the Indian title extinguished, and a central location meant some 
central point in the Black Hawk Purchase. The friends of a central location 
supported the Governor's suggestion. The southern members were divided 
between Burlington and Mount Pleasant, but finally united on the latter as the 
proper location for the seat of government. The central and southern parties 
were very nearly equal, and, in consequence, much excitement prevailed. The 
central party at last triumphed, and on the 21st day of January, 1839, an act 
was passed, appointing Chauncey Swan, of Dubuque County; John Ronalds, 
of Louisa County, and Robert Ralston, of Des Moines County, Commissioners, 
to select a site for a permanent seat of Government within the limits of John- 
son County. 

Johnson County had been created by act of the Territorial Legislature of 
Wisconsin, approved December 21, 1837, and organized by act passed at the 
special session at Burlington in June, 1838, the organization to date from July 
4th, following. Napoleon, on the Iowa River, a few miles below the future 
Iowa City, was designated as the county seat, temporarily. 

Tiien there existed good reason for locating the capital in the county. The 
Territory of Iowa was bounded on the north by the British Possessions ; east, by 
the Mississippi River to its source; thence by a line drawn due north to the 
northern boundary of the Uruted States; south, by the State of Missouri, and west, 
by the Missouri and White Earth Rivers. But this immense territory was in un- 
disputed possession of the Indians, except a strip on the Mississippi, known as 
the Bhick Hawk Purchase. Johnson County was, from north to south, in the 
geographical center of this purchase, and as near the east and west geographical 
center of the future State of Iowa as could then be made, as the boundary line 
between the lands of the United States and the Indians, established by the 
treaty of October 21, 1837, was immediately west of the countv limits. 

Tlie Conuuissioners, after selecting the site, were directed "to lay out 640 
acres into a town, to be called Iowa City, and to proceed to sell lots and erect 
public buildings thereon, Congress having granted a section of land to be 
selected by the Territory for this purpose. The Commissioners met at Napo- 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 177 

leon, Johnson County, May 1, 1839, selected for a site Section 10, in Town- 
shijj 79 North of Range 6 West of the Fifth Principal Meridian, and immedi- 
ately surveyed it and laid off tlie town. The first sale of lots took place August 
16, 1839. The site selected for the public buildings was a little west of the 
geographical center of the section, where a square of ten acres on the elevated 
grounds overlooking the river was reserved for the purpose. The capitol is 
located in the center of this square. The second Territorial Legislature, Avhicli 
assembled in November, 1839, passed an act requiring the Commissioners to 
adopt such plan for the building that the aggregate cost when complete should 
not exceed $51,000, and if they luid already adopted a plan involving a greater 
expenditure they were directed to abandon it. Plans for the building were designed 
and drawn by Mr. John F. Rague, of Springfield, 111., and on the 4th day of July, 
1840, the corner stone of the edifice Avas laid with appropriate ceremonies. 
Samuel C. Trowbridge was Marshal of the day, and Gov. Lucas delivered the 
address on that occasion. 

When the Legislature assembled at Burlington in special session, July 13, 
1840, Gov. Lucas announced that on the 4th of that month he had visited Iowa 
City, and found the basement of the capitol nearly completed. A bill author- 
izing a loan of $20,000 for the building was passed, January 15, 1841, tlie 
unsold lots of Iowa City being the security offered, but only $5,500 was 
obtained under the act. 

THE BOUNDARY QUESTION. 

The boundary line between the Territory of Iowa and the State of Missouri 
was a difficult question to settle in 1838, in consequence of claims arising from 
taxes and titles, and at one time civil war was imminent. In defining the 
boundaries of the counties bordering on Missouri, the Iowa authorities had fixed 
a line that has since been established as the boundary between Iowa and JNIis- 
souri. The Constitution of Missouri defined her northern boundary to be the 
parallel of latitude which passes through the rapids of the Des Moines River, 
The lower rapids of the Mississippi immediately above the mouth of the Des 
Moines River had always been known as the Des Moines Rapids, or "the 
rapids of the Des Moines River." The Missourians (evidently not well versed 
in history or geography) insisted on running the northern boundary line from 
the rapids in the Des Moines River, just below Keosaucjua, thus taking from 
Iowa a strip of territory eight or ten miles wide. Assuming this as her 
northern boundary line, Missouri attempted to exercise jurisdiction over tlie 
disputed territory by assessing taxes, and sending her Sheriffs to collect them by 
distraining the personal property of the settlers. The lowans, however, were 
not disposed to submit, and the Missouri officials were arrested by the Sheriffs 
of Davis and Van Buren Counties and confined in jail. Gov. Boggs, of 
Missouri, called out his militia to enforce the claim and sustain the officers of 
Missouri. Gov. Lucas called out the militia of Iowa, and both pai'ties made 
active preparations for war.' In Iowa, about 1,200 men were enlisted, and 
500 were actually armed and encamped in A' an Buren County, ready to defend 
the integrity of the Territory. Subsequently, Gen. A. C. Dodge, of Burlington. 
Gen. Churchman, of Dubuque, and Dr. Clark, of Fort Madison, were sent to 
Missouri as envoys plenipotentiary, to effect, if possible, a peaceable adjustment 
of the difficulty. Upon their arrival, they found that the County Commissioners 
of Clarke County , Missouri, had rescinded their order for the collection of the taxes, 
and that Gov. Boggs had despatched messengers to the Governor of Iowa proposing 



178 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

to submit an agreed case to the Supreme Court of the United States for the 
final settlement of the boundary question. This proposition was declined, but 
nfterAvard Congress authorized a suit to settle the controversy, Avhich Avas insti- 
tuted, and Avhich resulted in a judgment for Iowa. Under this decision, 
William G. Miner, of Missouri, and Henry B. Hendershott were appointed 
Connnissioners to survey and establish the boundary. Mr. Nourse remarks 
that " the expenses of the war on the part of Iowa were never paid, either by 
the United States or the Territorial Government. The patriots who furnished 
supplies to the troops had to bear the cost and charges of the struggle." 

The first legislative assembly laid the broad foundation of civil equality, on 
which has been constructed one of the most liberal governments in the Union. 
Its first act was to recognize the equality of woman with man before the law by 
providing that " no action commenced by a single woman, who intermarries 
during the pendency thereof, shall abate on account of such marriage." This prin- 
ciple has been adopted by all subsequent legislation in Iowa, and to-day woman 
has full and equal civil rights with man, except only the right of the ballot. 

Religious toleration was also secured to all, personal liberty strictly guarded, 
the rights and privileges of citizenship extended to all white persons, and the 
purity of elections secured by heavy penalties against bribery and corruption. 
The judiciary power was vested in a Supreme Court, District Court, Probate 
Court, and Justices of the Peace. Real estate was made divisible by will, and 
intestate property divided equitably among heirs. Murder was made punishable 
by death, and proportionate penalties fixed for lesser crimes. A system of free 
schools, open for every class of white citizens, W'as established. Provision was 
made for a system of roads and highways. Thus under the territorial organi- 
zation, the country began to emerge from a savage wilderness, and take on the 
forms of civil government. 

By act of Congress of June 12, 1838, the lands which had been purchased 
of the Indians were brought into market, and hind offices opened in Dubuque 
and Burlington. Congress provided for military roads and bridges, which 
greatly aided the settlers, who Avere noAV coming in by thousands, to make their 
homes on the fertile prairies of Iowa — " the Beautiful Land." The fame of the 
country had spread far and wide; even before the Indian title was extinguished, 
many were crowding the borders, impatient to cross over and stake out their 
claims on the choicest spots they could find in the new Territory. As 
soon as the country was open for settlement, the borders, the Black Hawk 
Purchase, all along the Mississipi, and up the principal rivers and streams, and 
out over the broad and rolling prairies, began to be thronged with eager land 
hunters and immigrants, seeking homes in Iowa. It was a sight to delight the 
eyes of all comers from every land — its noble streams^ beautiful and picturesque 
hills and valleys, broad and fertile prairies extending as far as the eye could 
reach, with a soil surpassing in richness anything which they had ever seen. It 
is not to be wondered at that immigration into Iowa was rapid, and that within 
less than a decade from the organization of the Territory, it contained a hundred 
and fifty thousand people. 

As rapidly as the Indian titles were extinguished and the original owners 
removed, the resistless tide of emigration flowed westward. The folloAving extract 
from Judge Nourse's Centennial Address shows how the immigrants gathered 
on the Indian boundary, ready for the removal of the barrier : 

In obedience to our progressive and aggressive spirit, the GoverntQent of the United States 
made another treaty with the Sac and Fox Indians, on the 11th day of Auo-ust 184^ for the 
remaining portion of their land in Iowa. The treaty provided that the Indians 'should retain 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 17'J 

possession of all the lands thus ceded until May 1, 1843, and should occupy that portion of the 
ceded territory west of a line runnino; north and south through Redrock, until October 11, 1845. 
These tribes, at this time, had their principal village at Ot-tum-wa-no, now called Otturawa. As 
soon as it became known that the treaty had been concluded, there was a rush of immigration to 
Iowa, and a great number of temporary settlements were made near the Indian boundary, wait- 
ing for the 1st day of May. As the day approached, hundreds of families encamped along the 
line, and their tents and wagons gave the scene the appearance of a military expedition. The 
country beyond had been thoroughly explored, but the United States military authorities had 
prevented any settlement or even the making out of claims by any monuments whatever. 

To aid them in making out their claims when the hour should arrive, the settlers had placed 
piles of dry wood on the rising ground, at convenient distances, and a short time before twelve 
o'clock of the night of the oOih of April, these were lighted, and when the midnight hour arrived, 
it was announced by the discharge of firearms. The night was dark, but this army of occupa- 
tion pressed forward, torch in hand, with axe and hatchet, blazing lines with all manner of 
curves and angles. When daylight c;ime and revealed the confusion of these wonderful surveys, 
numerous disputes arose, settled generally by compromise, but sometimes by violence Between 
midnight of the 30th of April and sundown of the 1st of May, over one thousand families had 
eettled on their new purchase. 

While this scene was transpiring, the retreating Indians were enacting one more impressive 
and melancholy. The Winter of 1842-43 was one of unusual severity, and the Indian prophet, 
who had disapproved of the treaty, attributed the severity of the Winter to the anger of the Great 
Spirit, because they had sold their country. Many religious rites were performed to atone for 
the crime. When the time fur leaving Ot-tum-wa-no arrived, a solemn silence pervaded the Indian 
camp, and the faces of their stoutest men were bathed in tears; and when their cavalcade was 
put in motion, toward the setting sun, there was a spontaneous outburst of frantic grief from the 
entire procession. 

The Indians remained the appointed time beyond the line running north and south through 
Redrock. The government established a ti'ading post and military encampment at the Raccoon 
Fork of the Des Moines River, then and for many years known as Fort Des Moines. Here the 
red man lingered until the 11th of October, 1845, when the same scene that we have before 
described was re-enacted, and the wave of immigration swept over the remainder of the " New 
Purchase." The lands thus occupied and claimed by the settlers still belonged in fee to the Gen- 
eral Government. The surveys were not completed until some time after the Indian title was 
extinguished. After their survey, the lands were publicly proclaimed or advertised for sale at 
public auction. Under the laws of the United States, a pre-emption or exclusive right to purchase 
public lands could net be acquired until after the lands had thus been publicly offered and not 
sold for want of bidders. Then, and not until then, an occupant making improvements in good 
faith might acquire a right over others to enter the land at the minimum price of $1.25 per 
acre. The "claim laws" were unknown to the United States statutes. They originated in the 
" eternal fitness of things " and were enforced, probably, as belonging to that class of natural 
rights not enumerated in the constitution, and not impaired or disparaged by its enumeration. 

The settlers organized in every settlement prior to the public land sales, appointed officers, 
and adopted their own rules and regulations. Each man's claim was duly ascertained and 
recorded by the Secretary. It was the duty of all to attend the sales. The Secretary bid off the 
lands of each settler at $1.25 per acre. The others were there, to see, first, that he did his duty 
and bid in the land, and, secondly, to see that no one else bid. This, of course, sometimes led to 
trouble, but it saved the excitement of competition, and gave a formality and degree of order 
and regularity to the proceedings they would not otherwise have attained. As far as practicable, 
the Territorial Legislature recognized the validity of these " claims " upon the public lands, and 
in 1839 passed an act legalizing their sale and making their transfer a valid consideration to sup- 
port a promise to pay for the same. (Acts of 1843, p. 456). The Supreme Territorial Court 
held this law to be valid. (See Hill v. Smith, 1st Morris Rep. 70). The opinion not only con- 
tains a decision of the question involved, but also contains much valuable erudition upon that 
" spirit of Anglo-Saxon liberty" which the Iowa settlers unquestionably inherited in a direct 
line of descent from the said " Anglo-Saxons." But the early settler was not always able to pay 
even this dollar and twenty-five cents per acre for his land. 

Many of the settlers had nothing to begin with, save their hands, health and 
courage and their family jewels, "the pledges of love," and the " consumers of 
bread." It was not so easy to accumulate money in the early days of the State, 
and the "beautiful prairies," the "noble streams," and all that sort of poetic 
imagery, did not prevent the early settlers from becoming discouraged. 

An old settler, in speaking of the privations and trials of those early days, 
says : 

Well do the "old settlers ' of Iowa remember the days from the first settlement to 1840. 
Those were days of sadness and distress. The endearments of home in another land had been 



IgO HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

broken up- and all that was hallowed on earth, the home of childhood and the scenes of youth, 
we severed': and we sat down by the gentle waters of our noble river, and often " hung our harps 
on the willows.' 

Another, from another part of the State, testifies : 

There was no such thing as getting money for any kind of labor. I laid brick at $3.00 
per thousand, and took my pay in anything I could eat or wear. I built the first Methodist 
Chunh at Keokuk, 42xGO feet, of brick, for $600, and took my pay in a subscription paper, part 
of which I never collected, and upon which I only received $50 00 in money. Wheat was hauled 
100 miles from the interior, and sold for 37^ cents per bushel. 

Another old settler, speaking of a later period, 1843, says : 

Lnnd and everything had gone down in value to almost nominal prices. Corn and oats 
could be bought for six or ten cents a bushel ; pork, $1.00 per hundred ; and the best horse a 
man coidd raise sold lor ^.JO.OO Nearly all were in debt, and the Sheriff and Constable, with 
legal processes, were common visitors at almost every man's door. These were indeed "the times 
that tried men's souls." 

"A few," says Mr. Nourse, "who were not equal to the trial, returned to 
their old homes, but such as had the courage and faith to be the worthy founders 
of a great State remained, to more than realize the fruition of their hopes, and 
the reward of their self-denial." 

On Monday, December 6, 1841, the fourth Legislative Assembly met, at 
the new capital, Iowa City, but the capitol building could not be used, and the 
Legislature occupied a temporary frame house, that had been erected for that 
purpose, during the session of 1841-2. At this session, the Superintendent of 
Public Buildings (who, with the Territorial Agent, had superseded the Commis- 
sioners first appointed), estimated the expense of completing the building at 
^83,330, and that rooms for the use of the Legislature could be completed for 
^15,600. 

During 1842, the Superintendent commenced obtaining stone from a new 
quarry, about ten miles northeast of the city. This is now known as the '' Old 
Capitol Quarry," and contains, it is thought, an immense quantity of excellent 
building stone. Here all the stone for completing the building was obtained, 
and it was so far completed, that on the 5th day of December, 1842, the Legis- 
lature assembled in the new capitol. At this session, the Superintendent esti- 
mated that it would cost $39,143 to finish the building. This was nearly 
^G,0()0 higher than the estimate of the previous year, notwithstanding a large 
sum had been expended in the meantime. This rather discouraging discrep-. 
ancy was accounted for by the fact that the officers in charge of the work were 
constantly short of fimds. Except the congressional appropriation of $20,000 
and the loan of $.j,;jOO, obtained from the Miners' Bank, of Dubuque, all the 
funds for the prosecution of the work were derived from the sale of the city 
lots (which did not sell very rapidly), from certificates of indebtedness, and from 
scrip, based upon unsold lots, which was to be received in payment for such lots 
when they were sold. At one time, the Superintendent made a requisition for 
bills of iron and glass, which could not be obtained nearer than St. Louis. To 
meet this, the Agent sold some lots for a draft, payable at Pittsburgh, Pa., for 
which he was compelled to pay twenty-five per cent, exchange. This di'aft, 
amounting to $507, that officer reported to be more than one-half the cash 
actually handled by him during the entire season, when the disbursements 
amounted to very nearly $24,000. 

With such uncertainty, it could not be expected that estimates could be very 
accurate. With all these disadvantages, however, the work appears to have 
been prudently prosecuted, and as rapidly as circumstances would permit. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 181 

Iowa remained a Territory from 1838 to 1846, during which the oflBce of 
Governor was held by Robert Lucas, John Chambers and James Clarke. 



STATE ORGANIZATION. 

By an act of the Territorial Legislature of Iowa, approved February 12, 

1844, the question of the formation of a State Constitution and providing for 
the election of Delegates to a convention to be convened for that purpose was 
submitted to the people, to be voted upon at their township elections in April 
following. The vote was largely in ftlvor of the measure, and the Delegates 
elected assembled in convention at Iowa City, on the 7th of October, 1844. 
On the first day of November following, the convention completed its work and 
adopted the first State Constitution. 

The President of the convention, Hon. Shepherd Leffler, was instructed to 
transmit a certified copy of this Constitution to the Delegate in Congress, to be 
by him submitted to that body at the earliest practicable day. It was also pro- 
vided that it should be submitted, together with any conditions or changes that 
might be made by Congress, to the people of the Territory, for their approval 
or rejection, at the township election in April, 1845. 

The boundaries of the State, as defined by this Constitution, were as fol- 
lows : 

Beginning in the middle of the channel of the Mississippi River, opposite mouth of the 
Des Moines River, thence up the said river Des Moines, in the middle of the main channel 
thereof, to a point where it is intersected by the Old Indian Boundary line, or line run by John 
C. Sullivan, in the year 1816 ; thence westwardly along said line to the '• old " northwest corner 
of Missouri ; thence due west to the middle of the main channel of the Missouri River ; thence 
up in the middle of the main channel of the river last mentioned to the mouth of the Sioux or 
Calumet River ; thence in a direct line to the middle of the main channel of the St. Peters River, 
where the Watonwan River — according to Nicollet's map — enters the same ; thence down the 
middle of the main channel of said river to the middle of the main channel of the Mississippi 
River ; thence down the middle of the main channel of said river to the place of beginning. 

These boundaries were rejected by Congi'ess, but by act approved March 3, 

1845, a State called Iowa was admitted into the Union, provided, the people 
accepted the act, bounded as follows : 

Beginning at the mouth of the Des Moines River, at the middle of the Mississippi, thence 
by the middle of the channel of that river to a parallel of latitude passing through the mouth of 
the Mankato or Blue Earth River; thence west, along said parallel of latitude, to a point where 
it is intersected by a meridian line seventeen degrees and thirty minutes west of the meridian 
of Washington City ; thence due south, to the northern boundary line of the State of Missouri; 
thence eastwardly, following that boundary to the point at which the same intersects the Des 
Moines River ; thence by the middle of the channel of that river to the place of beginning. 

These boundaries, had they been accepted, would have placed the northern 
boundary of the State about thirty miles north of its present location, and would 
have deprived it of the Missouri slope and the boundary of that river. The 
western boundary would have been near the west line of what is now Kossuth 
County. But it Avas not so to be. In consequence of this radical and unwel- 
come change in the boundaries, the people refused to accept the act of Congress 
and rejected the Constitution at the election, held August 4, 1845, by a vote of 
7,656 to 7,2.35. 

A second Constitutional Convention assembled at Iowa City on the 4th day 
of May, 1846, and on the 18th of the same month another Constitution for the 
new State with the present boundaries, was adopted and submitted to the people 
for ratification on the 3d day of August following, when it was accepted ; 9,4il2 
votes were cast "for the Constitution," and 9,036 "against the Constitution." 



182 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

Tlie Constitution avus approved by Congress, and by act of Congress approved 
December 28, 1846, Iowa Avas admitted as a sovereign State in the American 
Union. 

Prior to this action of Congress, however, the people of the new State held 
an election under the new Constitution on the 26th day of October, and elected 
Oresel Briggs, Governor ; Elisha Cutler, Jr., Secretary of State ; Joseph T. 
Fales, Auditor ; Morgan Reno, Treasurer ; and members of the Senate and 
House of Representatives. 

At this time there Avere twenty-seven organized counties in the State, with 
a population of nearly 100,000, and the frontier settlements were rapidly pusli- 
incr toward the Missouri River. The Mormons had already reached there. 

The first General Assembly of the State of Iowa was composed of nineteen 
Senators and forty Representatives. It assembled at Iowa City, November 30, 
1846, about a month before the State was admitted into the Union. 

At the first session of the State Legislature, the Treasurer of State reported 
that the capitol building was in a very exposed condition, liable to injury from 
storms, and expressed the hope that some provision would be made to complete 
it, at least sufficiently to protect it from the weather. The General Assembly 
responded by appropriating $2,500 for the completion of the public buildings. 
At the first session also arose the question of the re-location of the capital. The 
western boundary of the State, as now determined, left Iowa Cit}^ too far toward 
the eastern and southern boundary of the State ; this was conceded. Congress 
had appropriated five sections of land for the erection of public buildings, and 
toward the close of the session a bill was introduced providing for the re-location 
of the seat of goveriniient, involving to some extent the location of the State 
University, Avhich had already been discussed. This bill gave rise to a deal of 
discussion and })arliamentary maneuvering, almost purely sectional in its character. 
It ])rovided for the appointment of three Commissioners, who were authorized to 
make a location as near the geographical center of the State as a healthy and 
eligible site could be obtained ; to select the five sections of land donated by 
Congress ; to survey and plat into town lots not exceeding one section of the 
land so selected ; to sell lots at public sale, not to exceed tAvo in each block. 
Having done this, they Avere then required to suspend further operations, and 
make a report of their proceedings to the Governor. The bill passed both 
Houses by decisive votes, received the signature of the Governor, and became a 
laAv. Soon after, by "An act to locate and establish a State University," 
approved February 25, 1847, the unfinished public buildings at Iowa City, 
togetiier with the ten aci-es of land on which they were situated, Avere granted 
for the use of the University, reserving their use, hoAvever, by the General 
Assembly and the State officers, until other provisions were made by laAV. 

The Commissioners fortlnvith entered upon their duties, and selected four 
sections and two half sections in Jasper County. Tavo of these sections are in 
what is noAv Des Moines ToAvnship, and the others in FairvicAv ToAvnship, in the 
southern part of that county. These lands are situated between Prairie City 
and Monroe, on the Keokuk & Des Moines Railroad, which runs diagonally 
through tliem. Here a town was platted, called Monroe City, and a sale of 
lots took place. Four hundred and fifteen lots Avere sold, at prices that were 
not considered remarkably remunerative. The cash payments (one-fourth) 
amounted to $1,7'J7.4:}, while tlie expenses of the sale and the claims of the 
Commissioners for services amounted to $2,206.57. The Commissioners made 
a report of their proceedings to the Governor, as required by laAv, but the loca- 
tion was generally condemned. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 183 

When the report of the Commissioners, showing this brilliant financial ope- 
ration, had been read in the House of Representatives, at the next session, and 
while it was under consideration, an indignant member, afterward known as 
the eccentric Judge McFarland, moved to refer the report to a select Committee 
of Five, with instructions to report " how much of said city of Monroe was under 
water and how much was burned." The report was referred, without the 
instructions, however, but Monroe City never became the seat of government. 
By an act approved January 15, 1849, the law by which the location had been 
made was repealed and the new town was vacated, the money paid by purchas- 
ers of lots being refunded to them. This, of course, retained the seat of govern- 
ment at Iowa City, and precluded, for the time, the occupation of the building 
and grounds by the University. 

At the same session, $3,000 more were appropriated for completing the 
State building at Iowa City. In 1852, the further sum of |5,000. and in 1854 
$4,000 more were apppropriated for the same purpose, making the whole cost 
$123,000, paid partly by the General Government and partly by the State, but 
principally from the proceeds of the sale of lots in low^a City. 

But the question of the permanent location of the seat of government was 
not settled, and in 1851 bills were introduced for the removal of the capital to 
Bella and to Fort Des Moines. The latter appeared to have the support of the 
majority, but was finally lost in the House on the question of ordering it to its 
third reading. 

At the next session, in 1853, a bill was introduced in the Senate for the 
removal of the seat of government to Fort Des Moines, and, on final vote, 
was just barely defeated. At the next session, however, the effort was more 
successful, and on the 15th day of January, 1855, a bill re-locating the capital 
within two miles of the Raccoon Fork of the Des Moines, and for the appoint- 
ment of Commissioners, was approved by Gov. Grimes. The site was selected 
in 1856, in accordance with the provisions of this act, the land being donated 
to the State by citizens and property-holders of Des Moines. An association of 
citizens erected a building for a temporary capitol, and leased it to the State at 
a nominal rent. 

The third Constitutional Convention to revise the Constitution of the State 
assembled at Iowa City, January 19, 1857. The new Constitution framed by 
this convention was submitted to the people at an election held August 3, 1857, 
when it was approved and adopted by a vote of 40,311 " for " to 38,681 
'' against," and on the 3d day of September following was declared by a procla- 
mation of the Governor to be the supreme law of the State of Iowa. 

Advised of the completion of the temporary State House at Des Moines, on 
the 19th of October following. Governor Grimes issued another proclamation, 
declaring the City of Des Moines to be the capital of the State of Iowa. 

The removal of the archives and offices was commenced at once and con- 
tinued through the Fall. It was an undertaking of no small magnitude; there 
was not a mile of railroad to facilitate the work, and the season was unusually 
disagreeable. Rain, snow and other accompaniments increased the difficulties ; 
and it was not until December, that the last of the effects — the safe of the State 
Treasurer, loaded on two large " bob-sleds " — drawn by ten yoke of oxen was de- 
posited in the new capital. It is not imprudent now to remark that, during this 
passage over hills and prairies, across rivers, through bottom lands and timber, 
the safes belonging to the several departmicnts contained large sums of money, 
mostly individual funds, however. Thus, Iowa City ceased to be the capital of 
the State, after four Territorial Legislatures, six State Legislatures and three 



184 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

Constitutional Conventions had held their sessions there. By the exchange, 
the old capitol at Iowa City became the seat of the University, and, except the 
rooms occupied by the United States District Court, passed under, the immedi- 
ate and direct concrol of the Trustees of that institution. 

Des Moines was now the permanent seat of government, made so by the 
fundamental law of the State, and on the 11th day of January, 1858, the 
seventh General Assembly convened at the new capital. The building used 
for governmental purposes was purchased in 1864, It soon became inadequate 
for tlie purposes for which it was designed, and it became apparent that a new, 
lariie and permanent State House must be erected. In 1870, the General 
Assembly ujade an appropriation and provided for the appointment of a Board 
of Commissi' mors to commence the work. The board consisted of Gov. Samuel 
Merrill, ex otlicio. President; Grenville M. Dodge, Council Bluffs; James F. 
Wilson, Fairfield; James Dawson, AVashington; Simon G. Stein, Muscatine ; 
James 0. Crosby, Gainsville ; Charles Dudley, Agency City; John N. Dewey, 
Des Moines; William L. Joy, Sioux City; Alexander R. Fulton, Des Moines, 
Secretary. 

The act of 1870 provided that the building should be constructed of the 
best material and should be fire proof; to be heated and ventilated in the most 
approved manner; should contain suitable legislative halls, rooms for State 
officers, the judiciary, library, committees, archives and the collections of the 
State Agricultural Society, and for all purpoees of State Government, and 
should be erected on grounds held by the State for that purpose. The sum first 
appropriated was $150,000 ; and the law provided that no contract sliould be 
made, either for constructing or fuinishing the buildinii;, which should bind the 
State for larger sums than those at the tiiiio appropriated. A design was drawn 
and plans and specifications furnished by Cochrane & Piquenard, architects, 
which were accepted by the board, and on the 23d of November, 1871, the cor- 
ner stone was laid with appropriate ceremonies. The estimated cost and present 
value of the capitol is fixed at $2,000,000. 

From 1858 to 1860, the Sioux became troublesome in the northwestern 
part of the State. These warlike Indians made frequent plundering raids upon 
the settlers, and murdered several families. In 1861, several companies of 
militia were ordered to that portion of the State to hunt down and punish the 
murderous thieves. No battles were fought, however, for the Indians fled 
wln-n they ascertained that systematic and adequate measures had been adopted 
to protect the settlers. 

"The year 1856 marked a new era in the history of Iowa. In 1851, the 
Cliicago k Rock Island Railroad had been completed to the east bank of the 
Mississippi River, opposite Davenport. In 1854, the corner stone of a railroad 
bridge, that was to be the first to span the "Father of Waters," was laid with 
appropriate ceremonies at this point. St. Louis had resolved that the enter- 
prise was unconstitutional, and by writs of injunction made an unsuccessful 
effort to prevent its completion. Twenty years later in her history, St. Louis 
repented her folly, and made atonement for her sin by imitatin*' our example. 
On the Ist day of January, 1856, this railroad was completed to Iowa City. 
In the meantime, two other railroads had reached the east bank of the Missis- 
sippi—one opposite Burlington, and one opposite Dubuque — and these were 
being extended into the interior of the State. Indeed, four lines of railroad 
had been projected across the State from the Mississippi to the Missouri, hav- 
ing eastern connections. On the 15th of May, 1856, the Congress of the 
United States passed an act granting to the State, to aid in the construction of 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. IS") 

railroads, the public lands in alternate sections, six miles on either side of the 
proposed lines. An extra session of the General Assembly was called in July 
of this year, that disposed of the grant to the several companies that proposed 
to complete these enterprises. The population of our State at this time had 
increased to 500,000, Public attention had been called to the necessity of a 
railroad across the continent. The position of Iowa, in the very heart and 
center of the Republic, on the route of this great highway across the continent, 
began to attract attention Cities and towns sprang up through the State as 
if by magic. Capital began to pour into the State, and had it been employed 
in developing our vast coal measures and establishing manufactories among us, 
or if it had been expended in improving our lands, and building houses and 
barns, it would have been well. But all were in haste to get rich, and the 
spirit of speculation ruled the hour. 

" In the meantime, every effort was made to help the speedy completion of 
the railroads. Nearly every county and city on the Mississippi, and many in 
the interior, voted large corporate subscriptions to the stock of the railroad 
companies, and issued their negotiable bonds for the amount." Thus enormous 
county and city debts were incurred, the payment of which these municipalities 
tried to avoid upon the plea that they had exceeded the constitutional limit- 
ation of their powers. The Supreme Court of the United States held these 
bonds to be valid ; and the courts by mandamus compelled the city and county 
authorities to levy taxes to pay the judgments. These debts are not all paid 
even yet, but the worst is over and ultimately the burden will be entirely 
removed 

The first railroad across the State was completed to Council Bluffs in Jan- 
uary, 1871. The others were completed soon after. In 1854, there was not 
a mile of railroad in the State. In 1874, twenty years after, there were o.7G5 
miles in successful operation. 

GROWTH AND PROGRESS. 

When Wisconsin Territory was organized, in 1836, the entire population of 
that portion of the Territory now embraced in the State of Iowa was 10.531. 
The Territory then embraced two counties, Dubuque and Des INIoines, erected 
by the Territory of Michigan, in 1834. From 1836 to 1838, the Territorial 
Legislature of Wisconsin increased the number of counties to sixteen, and the 
population had increased to 22,859. Since then, the counties have increased 
to ninety-nine, and the population, in 1875, was 1,366,000. The following 
table will show the population at different periods since the erection of Iowa 
Territory : 



Tear. Population. | Year. Population. 

1838 •... 22,589 | 1852 230,713 

1840 43,115 ; 1854 826,013 

1844 75,152 i 1856 519.055 



1846 97,588 

1847 116,651 

1849 152,988 

1850 191,982 

1851 204,774 



Year. Populntion. 

1869 1,040,819 

1870 1,191,727 

1873 1,251,333 

1875 1,366,000 

1876 

1877 



1859 638,775 

1860 674,913 

1863 701,732 

1865 754,699 

1867 902,040 

The most populous county in the State is Dubuque. Not only in popula- 
tion, but in everything contributing to the growth and greatness of a State has 
Iowa made rapid progress. In a little more than thirty years, its wild but 
beautiful prairies have advanced from the home of the savage to a highly civ- 
ilized commonwealth, embracing all tiie elements of progress which characterize 
the older States. 



1,*^6 HISTORY OF THE STATH OF IOWA. 

Thriving cities and towns dot its fiiir surface : an iron net-work of thou- 
sands of miles of railroads is woven over its broad acres ; ten thousand school 
houses, in which more than five hundred thousand children are being taught 
tht' rudiments of education, testify to the culture and liberality of the people; 
high schools, colleges and universities are generously endowed by the State; 
manufactories spring up on all her water courses, and in most of her cities 
and towns. 

Whether measured from the date of her first settlement, her organization as 
a Territory or admission as a State, Iowa has thus far shown a growth unsur- 
passed, in a similar period, by any commonwealth on the face of the earth ; 
and, with her vast extent of fertile soil, with her inexhaustible treasures of 
mineral wealth, with a healthful, invigorating climate; an intelligent, liberty- 
loving people; with equal, just and liberal laws, and her free schools, the 
future of Iowa may be expected to surpass the most hopeful anticipations of her 
present citizens. , 

Looking upon Iowa as she is to-day — populous, prosperous and happy — it 
is hard to realize the wonderful changes that have occurred since the first white 
settlements were made within her borders. When the number of States was 
only twenty-six, and their total population about twenty millions, our repub- 
lican form of government was hardly more than an experiment, just fairly put 
upon trial. The development of our agricultural resources and inexhaustible 
mineral wealth had hardly commenced. Westward the "Star of Empire " 
had scarcely started on its way. West of the great Mississippi was a mighty 
empire, but almost unknown, and marked on the maps of the period as " The 
Great American Desert." 

Now, thirty-eight stars glitter on our national escutcheon, and forty-five 
millions of people, who know their rights and dare maintain them, tread 
American soil, and the grand sisterhood of States extends from the Gulf of 
Mexico to the Canadian border, and from the rocky coast of the Atlantic to 
the golden shores of the Pacific. 



THE AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE AND FARM. 

Ames, Story County. 

The Iowa State Agricultural College and Farm were established by an act 
of the General Assembly, approved March 22, 1858. A Board of Trustees was 
appointed, consisting of Governor R. P. Lowe, John D. Wright, William Duane 
\yilson, ^L W. Robinson, Timothy Day, Richard Gaines, John Pattee, G. W. 
F. Sherwin, Suel Foster, S. W. Henderson, Clement Collin and E. G. Day ; 
the Governors of the State and President of the College being ex officio mem- 
bers. Subsequently the number of Trustees was reduced to five. The Board 
mot in June, 1859, and received propositions for the location of the College and 
Farm from Hardin, Polk, Story and Boone, Marshall, Jefterson and Tama 
Counties. In July, tlie proposition of Story County and some of its citizens 
and by the citizens of Boone County was accepted, and the farm and the site 
for the buildings were located. In 1860-61, the farm-house and barn were 
erected. In 1862, Congress granted to the State 240,000 acres of land for the 
endowment of schools of agriculture and the mechanical arts, and 105,000 acres 
were located by Peter Melendy, Commissioner, in 1862-3. George W. Bassett 
w;is appointed Land Agent for the institution. In 1864, the General Assem- 
bly appropriated ^20,000 for the erection of the college building. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 187 

In June of that year, the Building Committee, consisting of Suel Foster, 
Peter Melendy and A. J. Bronson, proceeded to let the contract. John Browne, 
of Des Moines, was employed as architect, and furnished the plans of the build- 
ing, but was superseded in its construction by C. A. Dunham. The $20,000 
appropriated by the General Assembly were expended in putting in the foun- 
dations and making the brick for the structure. An additional appropriation 
of $91,000 was made in 1866, and the building was completed in 1868. 

Tuition in this college is made by law forever free to pupils from the State 
over sixteen years of age, who have been resident of the State six months pre- 
vious to their admission. Each county in the State has a prior right of tuition 
for three scholars from each county ; the remainder, equal to the capacity of the 
college, are by the Trustees distributed among the counties in proportion to the 
population, and subject to the above rule. All sale of ardent spirits, wine or 
beer are prohibited by law within a distance of three miles from the college, 
except for sacramental, mechanical or medical purposes. 

The course of instruction in the Agricultural College embraces the following 
branches: Natural Philosophy. Chemistry, Botany, Horticulture, Fruit Growing, 
Forestry, Animal and Vegetable Anatomy, Geology, Mineralogy, Meteorology, 
Entomology, Zoology, the Veterinary Art, Plane Mensuration, Leveling, Sur- 
veying, Bookkeeping, and such Mechanical Arts as are directly connected 
with agriculture ; also such other studies as the Trustees may from time to time 
prescribe, not inconsistent with the purposes of the institution. 

The funds arising from the lease and sale of lands and interest on invest- 
ments are sufficient for the support of the institution. Several College Societies 
are maintained among the students, who publish a monthly paper. There is 
also an " out-law " called the " ATA^ Chapter Omega." 

The Board of Trustees in 1877 was composed of C. W. Warden, Ottumwa, 
Chairman ; Hon. Samuel J. Kirkwood, Iowa City ; William B. Treadway, 
Sioux City ; Buel Sherman, Fredericksburg, and Laurel Summers, Le Claire. 
E. W. Starten, Secretary ; William D. Lucas, Treasurer. 

Board of Instruction. — A. S. Welch, LL. D., President and Professor of 
Psychology and Philosophy of Science ; Gen. J. L. Geddes, Professor of Mili- 
tary Tactics and Engineering; W. H. Wynn, A. M., Ph. D., Professor of 
English Literature; C. E. Bessey, M. S., Professor of Botany, Zoology, Ento- 
mology ; A. Thompson, C. E., Mechanical Engineering and Superintendent of 
Workshops; F. E. L. Beal, B. S., Civil Engineering; T. E. Pope, A. M., 
Chemistry; M. Stalker, Agricultural and Veterinary Science; J. L. Budd, 
Horticulture ; J. K. Macomber, Physics ; E. W. Stanton, Mathematics and 
Political Economy ; Mrs. Margaret P. Stanton, Preceptress, Instructor in 
French and Mathematics. 

THE STATE UNIVERSITY. 

Iowa City., Johnson County. 

In the famous Ordinance of 1787, enacted by Congress before the Territory 
of the United States extended beyond the Mississippi River, it was declared 
that in all the territory northwest of the Ohio River, " Schools and the means 
of education shall forever be encouraged." By act of Congress, approved July 
20, 1840, the Secretary of the Treasury was authorized " to set apart and re- 
serve from sale, out of any of the public lands within the Territory of Iowa, to 
which the Indian title has been or may be extinguished, and not otherwise ap- 
propriated, a quantity of land, not exceeding the entire townships, for the use 



18g HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

and support of a university within said Territorry when it becomes a State, and 
for no other use or purpose whatever ; to be located in tracts of not less than an 
entire section, corresponding with any of the large divisions into which the pub- 
lic land aie authorized to be surveyed." 

"William W. Dod-^e, of Scoti; County, was appointed by the Secretary of the 
Treasury to make the selections. He selected Section 5 in Township 78, north 
of Kaiige 3, east of the Fifth Principal Meridian, and then removed from the 
Territory. No more lands were selected until 1846, when, at the request of the 
Assembly, John M. Whitaker of Van Buren County, was appointed, who selected 
the remainder of the grant except about 122 acres. 

In the first Constitution, under which Iowa was admitted to the Union, the 
people directed the disposition of the proceeds of this munificent grant in ac- 
cordance with its terms, and instructed the General Assembly to provide, as soon 
as may be, effectual means for the improvement and permanent security of the 
funds of the university derived from the lands. 

The first General Assembly, by act approved February 25, 1847, established 
the " State University of Iowa " at Iowa City, then the capital of the State, 
"with such other branches as public convenience may hereafter require." 
The " public buildings at Iowa City, together with the ten acres of land in which 
they are situated," were granted for the use of said university, i^rovidcd, how- 
ever, that the sessions of the Legislature and State offices should be held in the 
capitol until otherwise provided by law. The control and management of the 
University were committed to a board of fifteen Trustees, to be appointed by the 
Legislature, five of whom were to be chosen bienially. The Superintendent 
of Public Insti-uction was made President of this Board. Provisions were made 
for the disposal of the two townships of land, and for the investment of the funds 
arising therefrom. Tlie act further provides that the University shall never be 
under the exclusive control of any religious denomination whatever," and as 
soon as the revenue for the grant and donations amounts to ^2,000 a year, the 
University should commence and continue the instruction, free of charge, of fifty 
students annually. The General Assembly retained full supervision over the 
University, its officers and the grants and donations made and to be made to it 
by the State. 

Section 5 of the act appointed James P. Carleton, H. D. Downey, Thomas 
Snyder, Samuel McCrory, Curtis Bates, Silas Foster, E. C. Lyon, James H. 
Gower, George G. Vincent, Wm. G. Woodward, Theoiore S. Parvin, George 
Atchinson, S. G. Matson, H. W. Starr and Ansel Briggs, the first Board of 
Trustees. 

Tlie organization of the University at Iowa City was impracticable, how- 
ever, so long as the seat of government was retained there. 

In January, 1849, two branches of the University and three Normal 
Schools were established. The branches were located — one at Fairfield, and 
the other at Dubuque, and were placed upon an equal footing, in respect to 
funds and all other matters, with the University established at Iowa City. 
"This act," says Col. Benton, "created tltrce State Universities, with equal 
rights and powers, instead of a 'University with such branches as public conven- 
ience niai/ hereafter demand,' as provided by the Constitution." 

Tlie Hoard of Directors of the Fairfiehl liranch consisted of Barnet Ris- 
tine, Christian W. Slagle, Duniel Rider, Horace Gaylord, Bernhart Henn and 
Samuel S. Bayard. At the first meeting of the Board, Mr. Henn was elected 
President, Mr. Slagle Secretary, and Mr. Gaylord Treasurer. Twenty acres 
of land were purchased, and "a building erected thereon, costing $2,;')00. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 189 

This building was nearly destroyed by a hurricane, in 1850, but was rebuilt 
more substantially, all by contributions of the citizens of Fairfield. This 
branch never received any aid from the State or from the University Fund, 
and by act approved January 24, 1853, at the request of the Board, the Gen- 
eral Assembly terminated its relation to the State. 

The branch at Dubuque was placed under the control of the Superintendent 
of Public Instruction, and John King, Caleb H. Booth, James M. Emerson, 
Michael J. Sullivan, Richard Benson and the Governor of the State as 
Trustees. The Trustees never organized, and its existence was only nominal. 

The Normal Schools were located at Andrew, Oskaloosa and Mount 
Pleasant, respectively. Each was to be governed by a board of seven Trustees, to 
be appointed by the Trustees of the University. Each was to receive ^500 annu- 
ally from the income of the University Fund, upon condition that they should ed- 
ucate eight common school teachers, free of charge for tuition, and that the citizens 
should contribute an equal sum for the erection of the requisite buildings. 
The several Boards of Trustees were appointed. At Andrew, the school was 
organized Nov. 21, 1849; Samuel Ray, Principal; Miss J. S. Dorr, Assist- 
ant. A building was commenced and over $1,000 expended on it, but it was 
never completed. At Oskaloosa, the Trustees organized in April, 1852. This 
school was opened in the Court House, September 13, 1852, under the charge 
of Prof G. M. Drake and wife. A two story brick building was completed in 
1853, costing $2,473. The school at Mount Pleasant was never organized. 
Neither of these schools received any aid from the University Fund, but in 
1857 the Legislature appropriated $1,000 each for those at Oskaloosa and 
Andrew, and repealed the law authorizing the payment of money to them from 
the University Fund. From that time they made no further effort to 
continue in operation. 

At a special meeting of the Board of Trustees, held February 21, 1850, 
the " College of Physicians and Surgeons of the Upper Mississippi," established 
at Davenport, was recognized as the " College of Physicians and Surgeons of 
the State University of Iowa," expressly stipulating, however, that such recog- 
nition should not render the University liable for any pecuniary aid, nor was 
the Board to have any control over the property or management of the Medical 
Association. Soon after, this College Avas removed to Keokuk, its second ses- 
sion being opened there in November, 1850. In 1851, the General Assembly 
confirmed the action of the Board, and by act approved January 22, 1855, 
placed the Medical College under the supervision of the Board of Trustees of 
tlie Universit3% and it continued in operation until this arrangement was termi- 
nated by the new Constitution, September 3, 1857. 

From 1847 to 1855, the Board of Trustees Avas kept full by regular elec- 
tions by the Legislature, and the Trustees held frequent meetings, but there was 
no effectual organization of the University. In March, 1855, it was partially 
ojiened for a terra of sixteen weeks. July 16, 1855, Amos Dean, of Albany, 
N. Y., was elected President, but he never entered fully upon its duties. The 
University was again opened in September, 1855, and continued in operation 
until June, 1856, under Professors Johnson, Welton, Van Valkenburg and 
Guffin. 

In the Spring of 1856, the capital of the State was located at Des Moines; 
but there were no buildings there, and the capitol at Iowa City was not vacated 
by the State until December, 1857. 

In June, 1856, the faculty was re-organized, with some changes, and the 
University was again opened on the third Wednesday of September, 1856. 



190 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

There were one hundred and twenty-four students— eighty-three males and 
forty-one females— in attendance during the year 1856-7, and the first regular 
catalogue Avas published. .o^r, , i i 

At a special meeting of the Board, September 22, 185 <, the honorary de- 
gree of Bachelor of Arts was conferred on D. Franklin Wells. This was the 
first degree conferred by the Board. 

Article IX, Section 11, of the new State Constitution, which went into force 
September 3, 1857, provided as follows : 

The State T'niversity shall be estahlished at one place, without branches at any other place ; 
and the University fund shall be applied to that institution, and no other. 

Article XI, Section 8, provided that 

The seat of Government is hereby permanently established, as nov? fixed by law, at the city 
of Des Jloines, in the county of Polk ; and the State University at Iowa City, in the county of 
Johnson. 

The new Constitution created the Board of Education, consisting of the 
Lieutenant Governor, who was ex ofiicio President, and one member to be elected 
from each judicial district in the State. This Board was endowed with 
" full power and authority to legislate and make all needful rules and regula- 
tions in relation to common schools and other educational institutions," subject 
to alteration, amendment or repeal by the General Assembly, Avhich was vested 
with authority to abolish or re-organize the Board at any time after 1863. 

In December, 1857, the old capitol building, now known as Central Hall of 
the University, except the rooms occupied by the United States District Court, 
and the property, with that exception, passed under the control of the Trustees, 
and became the seat of the University. The old building had had hard usage, 
and its arrangement was illy adapted for University purposes. Extensive repairs 
and changes were necessary, but the Board was without funds for these pur- 
poses. 

The last meeting of the Board, under the old law, was held in January, 
1858. At this meeting, a resolution was introduced, and seriously considered, 
to exclude females from the University ; but it finally failed. 

March 12, 1858, the first Legislature under the new Constitution enacted 
a new law in relation to the University, but it was not materially different from 
the former. March 11, 1858, the Legislature appropriated $3,000 for the re- 
pair and modification of the old capitol building, and $10,000 for the erection 
of a boarding house, now known as South Hall. 

The Board of Trustees created by the new law met and duly organized 
April 27, 1858, and determined to close the University until the income from its 
fund should be adecjuate to meet the current expenses, and the buildings should 
be ready for occupation. Until this term, the building known as the " ]\Iechan- 
ics' Academy" had been used for the school. The Faculty, except the Chan- 
cellor (Dean), was dismissed, and all further instruction suspended, from the close 
of the term then in progress until September, 1859. At this meeting, a reso- 
lution was adopted excluding females from the University after the close of the 
existing term ; but this was afterward, in August, modified, so as to admit them 
to the Normal Department. 

At the meeting of the Board, August 4, 1858, the degree of Bachelor of 
Science was conferred upon Dexter Edson Smith, being the first degree con- 
ferred upon a student of the University. Diplomas weie awarded to the mem- 
bers of the first graduating class of the Normal Department as follows: Levi 
P. Aylworth, Cellina H. Aylworth, Elizabeth L. Humphrey, Annie A. Pinney 
and Sylvia M. Thompson. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 101 

An " Act for the Government and Regulation of the State University of 
Iowa," approved December 25, 1858, was mainly a re-enactment of the law of 
March 12, 1858, except that changes were made in the Board of Trustees, and 
manner of their appointment. This law provided that both sexes were to be 
admitted on equal terms to all departments of the institution, leaving the Board 
no discretion in the matter. 

The new Board met and organized, February 2, 1859, and decided to con- 
tinue the Normal Department only to the end of the current term, and that it 
was unwise to re-open the University at that time ; but at the annual meeting 
of the Board, in June of the same year, it was resolved to continue the Normal 
Department in operation ; and at a special meetmg, October 25, 1859, it was 
decided to re-open the University in September, 1860. Mr. Dean had resigned 
as Chancellor prior to this meeting, and Silas Totten, D. D., LL. D., was elected 
President, at a salary of $2,000, and his term commenced June, 1860. 

At the annual meeting, June 28, 1860, a full Faculty was appointed, and 
the University re-opened, under this new organization, September 19, 1860 
(third Wednesday) ; and at this date the actual existence of the University may 
be said to commence. 

August 19, 1862, Dr. Totten having resigned, Prof. Oliver M. Spencer 
was elected President and the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws was conferred 
upon Judge Samuel F. Miller, of Keokuk. 

At the commencement, in June, 1863, Avas the first class of graduates in 
the Collegiate Department. 

The Board of Education was abolished March 19, 1864, and the office of 
Superintendent of Public Instruction was restored ; the General Assembly 
resumed control of the subject of education, and on March 21, an act was ap- 
proved for the government of the University. It was substantially the same as 
the former law, but provided that the Governor should be ex officio President of 
the Board of Trustees. Until 1858, the Superintendent of Public Instruction 
had been ex officio President. During the period of the Board of Education, 
the University Trustees were elected by it, and elected their own President. 

President Spencer was granted leave of absence from April 10, 1866, for 
fifteen months, to visit Europe; and Prof Nathan R. Leonard was elected 
President joro tern. 

The North Hall was completed late in 1866. 

At the annual meeting in June, 1867, the resignation of President Spencer 
(absent in Europe) was accepted, and Prof. Leonard continued as President pro 
tern., until March 4, 1868, when James Black, D. D., Vice President of Wash- 
ington and Jefferson College, Penn., was elected President. Dr. Black entered 
upon his duties in September, 1868. 

The Law Department was established in June, 1868, and, in September fol- 
lowing, an arrangement was perfected with the Iowa Law School, at Des Moines, 
which had been in successful operation for three years, under the management 
of Messrs. George G. Wright, Chester C. Cole and William G. Hammond, by 
which that institution was transferred to Iowa City and merged in the Law De- 
partment of the University. The Faculty of this department consisted of the 
President of the University, Hon. Wm. G. Hammond, Resident Professor and 
Principal of the Department, and Professors G. G. Wright and C. C. Cole. 

Nine students entered at the commencement of the first term, and during 
the year ending June, 1877, there were 103 students in this department. 

At a special meeting of the Board, on the 17th of September, 1868, a Com- 
mittee was appointed to consider the expediency of establishing a Medical De- 



192 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

partment. This Committeo reported at once in favor of the proposition, the 
Faculty to consist of the President of the University and seven Professors, and 
recommended tliat, if practicable, the new department should be opened at the 
commencement of the University year, in 1869-70. At this meeting, Hon. 
Ezekiel Clark was elected Treasurer of the University. 

By an act of the General Assembly, approved April 11, 1870, the "Board 
of Regents " was instituted as the governing power of the University, and since 
that time it has been the fundamental law of the institution. The Board of 
Regents held its first meeting June 28, 1870. Wm. J. Haddock was elected 
Secretary, and Mr. Clark, Treasurer. 

Dr. Black tendered his resignation as President, at a special meeting of the 
Board, held August 18, 1870, to take effect on the 1st of December following. 
His resignation was accepted. 

The South Hall having been fitted up for the purpose, the first term of the 
Medical Department was opened October 24, 1870, and continued until March, 
1871, at which time there were three graduates and thirty-nine students. 

March 1, 1871, Rev. George Thacher was elected President of the Univer- 
sity. Mr. Thacher accepted, entered upon his duties April 1st, and was form- 
ally inaugurated at the annual meeting in June, 1861. 

In June, 1874, the " Chair of Military Instruction" was established, and 
the President of the United States was requested to detail an officer to perform 
its duties. In compliance with this request, Lieut. A. D. Schenck, Second Artil- 
lery, U. S. A., was detailed as "Professor of Military Science and Tactics," 
at Iowa State University, by order of the War Department, August 26, 1874, 
who reported for duty on the 10th of September following. Lieut. Schenck 
was relieved by Lieut. James Chester, Third Artillery, January 1, 1877. 

Treasurer Clark resigned November 3, 1875, and John N. Coldren elected 
in his stead. 

At the annual meeting, in 1876, a Department of Homoeopathy was 
established. 

In March, 1877, a resolution was adopted affiliating the High Schools of 
the State with the University. 

In June, 1877, Dr. Thacher's connection with the University was termi- 
nated, and C. W. Slagle, a member of the Board of Regents, was elected Pres- 
ident. 

In 1S72, the ex officio membership of the Superintendent of Public Instruc- 
tion was abolished ; but it was restored in 1876. Following is a catalogue of 
the officers of this important institution, from 1847 to 1878 : 

TRUSTEES OR REGENTS. 

PRESIDENTS. 

FROM TO 

.Inmcs Harlan, Superintendent Public Instruction, ex officio 1847 1848 

Tiiomas H. B«nton, Jr., Superintendent Public Instruction, ex officio 1848 1854 

.lames U. Eads, Superintendent Public Instruction, ex officio 1864 1857 

Maturin L. Fisher, Superintendent Public Instruction, ex officio 1857 1858 

Amos De:in, Cliancellor, ex officio 1858 1859 

Thomas II. Benlon, Jr 1859 1863 

Francis Springer '.'.'.".'.".'.'.'.".'.'."'.'.'.'.*. 1863 1864 

William M. Stone, Governor, ex officio 1864 1868 

Samuel Merrill, Governor, ex officio 1868 1872 

('yrus C. Carpenter, Gi)vernor, ex officio 1872 1876 

Samuel J. Kirkwood, Governor, ex officio 1?;76 1877 

.Joshua G. Newbold, Governor, ex officio 1877 1878 



.John II. Gear.. 



1878 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 193 

VICE PRESIDENTS. FROM TO 

Silas Foster 1847 1>^51 

Robert Lucas 1851 1853 

Edward Connelly 1854 1855 

Moses J. Morsman 1855 1858 

SECRETARIES. 

Hugh D. Downey 1847 1851 

Anson Hart 1851 1857 

Elijah Sells 1857 1858 

Au'^on Hart 1858 1864 

William J. Haddock 1864 

TREASURERS. 

Morgan Reno, State Treasurer, ex officio 1847 1850 

Israel Kister, State Treasurer, ex officio 1850 1852 

Martin L. Morris, State Treasurer, ex officio 1852 1855 

Henry W. Lathrop 1855 1862 

William Crum 1862 1868 

Ezekiel Clnrk 1868 1876 

John N. Coldren 1876 

PRESIDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY. 

Amos Dean, LL. D 1855 1858 

Silas Totten, D. D., LL. D I860 1862 

Oliver M. Spencer, D. D.* 1862 1867 

James Black, D. D 1868 1870 

George Thacher, D. D 1871 1877 

C. W. Slagle 1877 

The present educational corps of the University consists of the President, 
nine Professors in the Collegiate Department, one Professor and six Instructors 
in Military Science ; Chancellor, three Professors and four Lecturers in the 
Law Department ; eight Professor Demonstrators of Anatomy ; Prosector of 
Surgery and two Lecturers in the Medical Department, and two Professors in 
the Homoeopathic Medical Department. 



STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

By act of the General Assembly, approved January 28, 1857, a State His- 
torical Society was provided for in connection with the University. At the 
commencement, an appropriation of $250 was made, to be expended in collecting, 
embodying, and preserving in an authentic form a library of books, pamphlets, 
charts, maps, manuscripts, papers, paintings, statuary, and other materials illus- 
trative of the history of Iowa; and with the further object to rescue from 
oblivion the memory of the early pioneers ; to obtain and preserve various 
accounts of their exploits, perils and hardy adventures ; to secure facts and 
statements relative to the history and genius, and progress and decay of the 
Lidian tribes of Iowa ; to exhibit fiithfully the antiquities and past and present 
resources of the State; to aid in the publication of such collections of the Society 
as shall from time to time be deemed of value and interest ; to aid in binding 
its books, pamphlets, manuscripts and papers, and in defraying other necessary 
incidental expenses of the Society. 

There was appropriated by law to this institution, till the General Assembly 
shall otherwise direct, the sum of $500 per annum. - The Society is under the 
management of a Board of Curators, consisting of eighteen persons, nine of 
whom are appointed by the Governor, and nine elected by the members of the 
Society. The Curators receive no compensation for their services. The annual 



194 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

meeting is provided for by law, to be held at Iowa City on Monday preceding 
till" last Wednesday in June of each year. 

The State Historical Society has published a series of very valuable collec- 
tions, including historv, biography, sketches, reminiscences, etc., with quite a 
lar^re' number of finely "engraved portraits of prominent and early settlers, under 
the title of " Annals of Iowa." 

THE PENITENTIARY. 

Located at Fort 3Iadison, Lee County. 

The first act of the Territorial Legislature, relating to a Penitentiary in 
Iowa, was approved January 25, 1839, the fifth section of which authorized the 
Governor to draw the sum of $20,000 appropriated by an act of Congress ap- 
proved July 7, 1838, for public buildings in the Territory of Iowa. It provided 
for a Board of Directors of three persons elected by the Legislature, who should 
direct the building of the Penitentiary, which should be located within one mile 
of the public square, in the town of Fort Madison, Lee County, provided Fort 
Madison should deed to the directors a tract of land suitable for a site, and assign 
them, by contract, a spring or stream of water for the use of the Penitentiary. 
To the Directors Avas also given the power of appointing the Warden ; the latter 
to appoint his own assistants. 

The first Directors appointed were John S. David and John Claypole. They 
made their first report to the Legislative Council November 9, 1839. The citi- 
zens of the town of Fort Madison had executed a deed conveying ten acres of 
land for the building site. Amos Ladd was appointed Superintendent of the 
building June 5, 1839. The building was designed of sufficient capacity to con- 
tain one hundred and thirty-eight convicts, and estimated to cost $55,933.90. 
It was begun on the 9th of July, 1839 ; the main building and Warden's house 
were completed in the Fall of 1841. Other additions were made from time to 
time till the building and arrangements were all complete according to the plan 
of the Directors. It has answered the purpose of the State as a Penitentiary 
for more than thirty years, and during that period many items of practical ex- 
perience in prison management have been gained. 

It has long been a problem how to conduct prisons, and deal with what are 
called the criminal classes generally, so as to secure their best good and best 
subserve the interests of the State. Both objects must be taken into considera- 
tion in any humaritarian vieAV of the subject. This problem is not yet solved, 
but Iowa has adopted the progressive and enlightened policy of humane treat- 
ment of pri.soners and the utilization of their labor for their own support. The 
labor of the convicts in the Iowa Penitentiary, as in most others in the United 
States, is let out to contractors, who pay the State a certain stipulated amount 
therefor, the State furnishing the shops, tools and machinery, as well as the 
supervision necessary to preserve order and discipline in the prison. 

While this is an improvement upon the old solitary confinement system, it 
still falls short of an enlightened reformatory system"^ that in the future will 
treat tiie criminal for mental disease and endeavor to restore him to usefulness 
in the community. The objections urged against the contract system of dis- 
posmg of the labor of prisoners, that it brings the labor of honest citizens into 
competition with convict labor at reduced prices, and is disadvantageous to the 
State, are not without force, and the system will have no place in the prisons of 
the future. 




dOLONYTP. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 195 

It is right that the convict shouki labor. He should not be allowed to live 
in idleness at public expense. Honest men labor ; why should not they? Hon- 
est men are entitled to the fruits of their toil ; why should not the convict as 
well ? The convict is sent to the Penitentiary to secure public safety. The 
State deprives him of his liberty to accomplish this purpose and to punish him 
for violations of law, but, having done this, the State wrongs both itself and the 
criminal by confiscating his earnings ; because it deprives his family of what 
justly belongs to them, and an enlightened civilization Avill ere long demand 
that the prisoner in the penitentiary, after paying a fair price for his board, is 
as justly entitled to his net earnings as the good citizen outside its walls, and 
his family, if he has one, should be entitled to draw his earnings or stated portion 
of them at stated periods. If he has no family, then if his net earnings should 
be set aside to his credit and paid over to him at the expiration of his term of 
imprisonment, he would not be turned out upon the cold charities of a somewhat 
Pharisaical world, penniless, with the brand of the convict upon his brow, with 
no resource save to sink still deeper in crime. Let Iowa, " The Beautiful Land," 
be first to recognize the rights of its convicts to the fruits of their labor ; keep 
their children from the alms-house, and place a powerful incentive before them 
to become good citizens when they return to the busy world again. 



ADDITIONAL PENITENTIARY. 

Located at Anamosa, Jones County. 

By an act of the Fourteenth General Assembly, approved April 23, 1872, 
William Ure, Foster L. Downing and Martin Heisey were constituted Commis- 
sioners to locate and provide for the erection and control of an additional 
Penitentiary for the State of Iowa. These Commissioners met on the 4th of 
the following June, at Anamosa, Jones County, and selected a site donated by 
the citizens, within the limits of the city. L. W. Foster & Co., architects, of 
Des Moines, furnished the plan, drawings and specifications, and work was 
commenced on the building on the 28th day of September, 1872. May 13, 
1873, twenty convicts were transferred to Anamosa from the Fort Madison 
Penitentiary. The entire enclosure includes fifteen acres, with a frontage of 
663 feet. 

IOWA HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE. 

Mount Pleasant, Henry County. 

By an act of the General Assembly of Iowa, approved January 24, 1855, 
$4,425 were appropriated for the purchase of a site, and $50,000 for building 
an Insane Hospital, and the Governor (Grimes), Edward Johnston, of Lee 
County, and Charles S. Blake, of Henry County, were appointed to locate the 
institution and superintend the erection of the building. These Commission- 
ers located the institution at Mt. Pleasant, Henry County. A plan for a 
building designed to accommodate 300 patients, drawn by Dr. Bell, of Massa- 
chusetts, was accepted, and in October work was commenced under the superin- 
tendence of Mr. Henry Winslow. Up to February 25, 1858, and including an 
appropriation made on that date, the Legislature had appropriated $258,555.67 
to this institution, but the building was not finished ready for occupancy by 
patients until March 1, 1861. The Trustees were Maturin L. Fisher, Presi- 
dent, Farmersburg; Samuel McFarland, Secretary, Mt. Pleasant; D. L. 



196 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

McGuuin, Keokuk: G. W. Kincaid, Muscatine; J. D. Elbert, Keosauqua ; 
Jului B. Lash and Harpin Riggs, Mt. Pleasant. Richard J. Patterson, M. D., 
of Ohio, was elected Superintendent; Dwight C. Dewey, M. D., Assistant 
Physician; Henry Winslow, Steward; Mrs. Catharine Winslow, Matron. 
Th'e Hospital was formally opened March 6, 1861, and one hundred patients 
were admitted within three months. About 1865, Dr. Mark Ranney became 
Superintendent. April 18, 1876, a portion of the hospital building was 
destroyed by fire. From the opening of the Hospital to the close of October, 
1ST7, 3,584 patients had been admitted. Of these, 1,141 were discharged 
recovered, 505 discharged improved, 589 discharged unimproved, and 1 died ; 
total discharged, 2,976, leaving 608 inmates. During this period, there were 
1,384 females admitted, whose occupation was registered "domestic duties;" 
122, no occupation; 25, female teachers; 11, seamstresses; and 25, servants. 
Among the males were 916 farmers, 394 laborers, 205 without occupation, 39 
cabinet makers, 23 brewers, 31 clerks, 26 merchants, 12 preachers, 18 shoe- 
makers, 13 students, 14 tailors, 13 teachers, 14 agents, 17 masons, 7 lawyers, 
7 physicians, 4 saloon keepers, 3 salesmen, 2 artists, and 1 editor. The pro- 
ducts of the farm and garden, in 1876, amounted to $13,721.26. 

Trustees, 1S77 :—'Y. Whiting, President, Mt. Pleasant; Mrs. E. M. Elliott, 
Secretary, Mt. Pleasant ; William C. Evans, West Liberty ; L. E. Fellows, 
Lansing ; and Samuel Klein, Keokuk ; Treasurer, M, Edwards, Mt. Pleasant. 

Resident Officers: — Mark Ranney, M. D., Medical Superintendent; H. M. 
Bassett, M. D.. First Assistant Physician; M. Riordan, M. D., Second Assistant 
Physician; Jennie McCowen, M. D., Third Assistant Physician ; J. W. Hender- 
son, Steward ; Mrs. Martha W. Ranney, Matron ; Rev. Milton Sutton, 
Chaplain. 

HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE. 
Independence^ Buchanan County. 

In the Winter of 1867-8, a bill providing for an additional Hospital for the 
Insane was passed by the Legislature, and an appropriation of $125,000 was 
made for that purpose. Maturin L. Fisher, of Clayton County ; E. G. Morgan, 
of Webster County, and Albert Clark, of Buchanan County, were appointed 
Commissioners to locate and supervise the erection of the Building. Mr. Clark 
died about a year after his appointment, and Hon. G. W. Bemis, of Indepen- 
dence, was appointed to fdl the vacancy. 

The Commissioners met and commenced their labors on the 8th day of 
June, 1868, at Independence. The act under which they were appointed 
required them to select the most eligible and desirable location, of not less than 
320 acres, within two miles of the city of Independence, that might be oftered 
by the citizens free of charge to the State. Several such tracts Avere oftered, 
but the Commissioners finally selected the soutli half of southwest quarter oi 
Section 5 ; the north half of northeast quarter of Section 7 ; the north half of 
northwest quarter of Section 8, and the north half of northeast quarter of Sec- 
tion «, all in Township 88 north, Range 9 west of the Fifth Principal Meridian. 
This location is on the west side of the Wapsipinicon River, and about a mile 
from its banks, and about the same distance from Independence. 

Col. S. V. Shipman, of Madison, Wis., was employed to prepare plans, 
specifications and drawings of the building, which, Avhen completed, were sub- 
mitted to Dr. M. Ranney, Superintendent of the Hospital at Mount Pleasant, 
who suggested several improvements. The contract for erecting the building 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. • 197 

was awarded to Mr. David Armstrong, of Dubuque, for $88,114. The con- 
tract was signed November 7, 1868, and Mr. Armstrong at once commenced 
work. Mr. George Josselyn was appointed to superintend the work. The 
main buildings were constructed of dressed limestone, from the quarries at 
Anamosa and Farley. The basements are of the local granite worked from the 
immense boulders found in large quantities in this portion of the State. 

In 1872, the building was so far completed that the Commissioners called 
the first meeting of the Trustees, on the 10th day of July of that year. These 
Trustees were Maturin L. Fisher, Mrs. P. A. Appleman, T, W. Fawcett, C. 
C. Parker, E. G. Morgan, George W. Bemis and John M. Boggs. Tliis board 
was organized, on the day above mentioned, by the election of Hon. M. L. 
Fisher, President; Rev. J. G. Boggs, Secretary, and George W. Bemis, Treas- 
urer, and, after adopting preliminary measures for organizing the local govern- 
ment of the hospital, adjourned to the first Wednesday of the following Septem- 
ber. A few days before this meeting, Mr. Boggs died of malignant fever, 
and Dr. John G. House was appointed to fill the vacancy. Dr. House was 
elected Secretary. At this meeting, Albert Reynolds, M. D., was elected 
Superintendent; George Josselyn, Steward, and Mrs. Anna B. Josselyn, 
Matron. September 4, 1873, Dr. Willis Butterfield was elected Assistant 
Physician. The building was ready for occupancy April 21, 1873. 

In the Spring of 1876, a contract was made with Messrs. Mackay k Lundy, 
of Independence, for furnishing materials for building the outside walls of the 
two first sections of the south wing, next to the center building, for 06.250. 
The carpenter work on the fourth and fifth stories of the center building was 
completed during the same year, and the wards were furnished and occupied by 
patients in the Fall. 

In 1877, the south wing was built, but it will not be completed ready for 
occupancy until next Spring or Summer (1878). 

October 1, 1877, the Superintendent reported 322 patients in this hospital, 
and it is now overcrowded. 

The Board of Trustees at present (1878) are as follows : Maturin L. 
Fisher, President, Farmersburg ; John G. House, M. D., Secretary, Indepen- 
dence ; Wm. G. Donnan, Treasurer, Independence ; Erastus G. Morgan, Fort 
Dodge ; Mrs. Prudence A. Appleman, Clermont ; and Stephen E. Robinson, 
M. D., West Union. 

RESIDENT OFFICERS. 

Albert Reynolds, M.'D., Superintendent; G. H. Hill, M. D., Assistant 
Physician; Noyes Appleman, Steward; Mrs. Lucy M. Gray, Matron. 

IOWA COLLEGE FOR THE BLIND. 

Vinton, Benton County. 

In August, 1852, Prof Samuel Bacon, himself blind, established an Insti- 
tution for the Instruction of the Blind of Iowa, at Keokuk. 

By act of the General Assembly, entitled " An act to establish an Asylum 
for the Blind," approved January 18, 1853, the institution was adopted by the 
State, removed to Iowa City, February 3d, and opened for the reception of pupils 
April 4, 1853, free to all the blind in the State. 

The first Board of Trustees were James D. Eads, President ; George W. 
McClary, Secretary ; James II. Gower, Treasurer ; Martin L. Morris, Stephen 
Hempstead, Morgan Reno and John McCaddon. The Board appointed Prof 



198 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

Samuel Bacon, Principal; T. J. McGittigen, Teacher of Music, and Mrs. Sarah 
K. Bacon, Matron. Twenty-three pupils were admitted during the first term. 

In his first report, made in 1854, Prof. Bacon suggested that the name 
should be changed from " Asylum for the Blind," to that of " Institution for 
the Instruction of the Blind." This was done in 1855, when the General As- 
sembly made an annual appropriation for the College of $55 per quarter for 
each ])upil. This was subsequently changed to $3,000 per annum, and a charge 
of $25 as an admission fee for each pupil, which sum, with the amounts realized 
from the sale of articles manufactured by the blind pupils, proved sufficient for 
the e.xpenses of the institution during Mr. Bacon's administration. Although 
Mr. Bacon was blind, he was a fine scholar and an economical manager, and 
had founded the Blind Asylum at Jacksonville, Illinois. As a mathematician 
he had few superiors. 

On the 8th of May, 1858, the Trustees met at Vinton, and made arrange- 
ments for securing the donation of $5,000 made by the citizens of that town. 

In June of that year, a quarter section of land was donated for the College, 
by John W. 0. Webb and others, and the Trustees adopted a plan for the 
erection of a suitable building. In 1860, the plan was modified, and the con- 
tract for enclosing let to Messrs. Finkbine & Lovelace, for $10,420. 

In August, 1862, the building was so far completed that the goods and fur- 
niture of the institution were removed from Iowa City to Vinton, and early in 
October, the school was opened there with twenty-four pupils. At this time. 
Rev. Orlando Clark was Principal. 

In August, 1864, a new Board of Trustees were appointed by the Legisla- 
ture, consisting of James McQuin, President; Reed Wilkinson, Secretary; Jas. 
Chapin, Treasurer; Robert Gilchrist, Elijah Sells and Joseph Dysart, organized 
and made important changes. Rev. Reed Wilkinson succeeded Mr. Clark as 
Principal. Mrs. L. S. B. Wilkinson and Miss Amelia Butler were appointed 
Assistant Teachers ; Mrs. N. A. Morton, Matron. 

Mr. Wilkinson resigned in June, 1867, and Gen. James L. Geddes was 
appointed in his place. In September, 1869, Mr. Geddes retired, and was 
succeeded by Prof. S. A.Knapp. Mrs. S. C. Lawton was appointed Matron, 
and was succeeded by Mrs. M. A. Knapp. Prof. Knapp resigned July 1, 

1875, and Prof. Orlando Clark was elected Principal, who died April 2, 

1876, and was succeeded by John B. Parmalee, who retired in July, 1877, 
when the present incumbent, Rev. Robert Carothers, was elected. 

Trustees, 1877-8. — Jeremiah L. Gay, President; S. H.Watson, Treasurer; 
H. C. Piatt, Jacob Springer, C. L. Flint and P. F. Sturgis. 

i>TCM%.— Principal, Rev. Robert Carothers, A. M. ; Matron, Mrs. Emeline 
E. Carothers; Teachers, Thomas F. McCune, A. B., Miss Grace A. Hill, 
Mrs. C. A. Spencer, Miss Mary Baker, Miss C. R. Miller, Miss Lorana Mat- 
tice, Miss A. M. McCutcheon ; Musical Director, S. 0. Spencer. 

The Legislative Committee who visited this institution in 1878 expressed 
their astonishment at the vast expenditure of money in proportion to the needs 
of the State. The structure is well built, and the money properly expended ; 
yet it was enormously beyond the necessities of the State, and shows an utter 
disregard of the fitness of things. The Committee could not understand why 
$282,000 should liave been expended for a massive building covering about two 
and a half acres for the accommodation of 130 people, costing over eight thou- 
sand dollars a year to heat it, and costing the State about five hundred dollars 
a year for each pupil. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 199 

INSTITUTION FOR THE DEAF AND DUMB. 
Council Bluffs, Pottawattomie County. 

The Iowa Institution for the Deaf and Dumb was established at Iowa City 
by an act of the General Assembly, approved January 24, 1855. The number 
of deaf mutes then in the State was 3U1 ; the number attending the Institution, 
50. The first Board of Trustees were: Hon. Samuel J. Kirkwood, Hon. E. 
Sells, W. Penn Clarke, J. P. Wojd, H. D. Downey, William Crura, W. E. 
Ijams, Principal. On the resignation of Mr. Ijams, in 1862, the Board 
appointed in his stead Mr. Benjamin Talbot, for nine years a teacher in the 
Ohio Institution for the Deaf and Dumb. Mr. Talbot was ardently devoted to 
the interests of the institution and a faithful worker for the unfortunate class 
under his charge. 

A strong effort was made, in 1866, to remove this important institution to 
Des Moines, but it was located permanently at Council Bluffs, and a building 
rented for its use. In 1868, Commissioners were appointed to locate a site for, 
and to superintend the erection of, a new building, for which the Legislature 
appropriated $125,000 to commence the work of construction. The Commis- 
sioners selected ninety acres of land about two miles south of the city of Coun- 
cil Bluffs. The main building and one wing were completed October 1, 1870, 
and immediately occupied by the Institution. February 25, 1877, the main 
building and east wing were destroyed by fire ; and August 6 folloAving, the 
roof of the new west wing was blown off and the walls partially demolished by 
a tornado. At the time of the fire, about one hundred and fifty pupils were in 
attendance. After the fire, half the classes were dismissed and the number of 
scholars reduced to about seventy, and in a week or two the school was in run- 
ning order. 

The Legislative Committee which visited this Institution in the Winter of 
1857-8 Avas not well pleased with the condition of affairs, and reported that the 
building (west wing) was a disgrace to the State and a monument of unskillful 
workmanship, and intimated rather strongly that some reforms in management 
were very essential. 

Trustees, 1877-8. — Thomas Officer, President; N. P. Dodge, Treasurer; 
Paul Lange, William Orr, J. W. Cattell. 

Superintendent, Benjamin Talbot, M. A. Teachers, Edwin Southwick, 
Conrad S. Zorbaugh, John A. Gillespib, John A. Kennedy, Ellen J. Israel, 
Ella J. Brown, Mrs. H. R. Gillespie ; Physician, H. W. Hart, M. D.; Steward, 
N. A. Taylor; Matron, Mary B. Swan. 

SOLDIERS' ORPHANS' HOMES. 

Davenport, Cedar Falls, Crlenwood. 

The movement which culminated in the establishment of this beneficent in- 
stitution was originated by Mrs. Annie Wittenmeyer, during the civil war of 
1861—65. This noble and patriotic lady called a convention at Muscatine, on 
the 7th of October 186-3, for the purpose of devising measures for the support 
and education of the orphan children of the brave sons of Iowa, who had fallen 
in defense of national honor and integrity. So great was the public interest in 
the movement that there was a large representation from all parts of the State 
on the day named, and an association was organized- called the Iowa State Or- 
phan Asylum. 



200 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF lOAA. 

The first officers were : President, William INI. Stone ; Vice Presidents, Mrs. 
G. G. Wright, :\Irs. K. L. Cadle, Mrs. J. T. Hancock, Jdm R. Needham, J. W. 
Cattell, mT-s. Mary M. ]5agg; Recording Secretary, Miss Mary Kibben ; Cor- 
responding Secretary, Miss M. E. Shelton ; Treasurer, N. H. Brainerd; Board 
of Trustees, Mrs. Annie Wittenmeyer, Mrs. C. B. Darwin, INIrs. D. T. Newcomb, 
Mrs. L. B. Stephens, 0. Fayville, E. H. Williams, T. S. Parvin, Mrs. Shields, 
Caleb Baldwin, C. C. Cole, Isaac Pendleton, H. G. Henderson. 

The first meeting of the Trustees was held February 14, 1864, in the Repre- 
sentative Hall, at Des Moines. Committees from both branches of the General 
Assembly were present and were invited to participate in their deliberations. 
Gov. Kirkwood suggested that a home for disabled soldiers should be connected 
with the Asylum. Arrangements were made for raising funds. 

At the next meeting, in Davenport, in March, 1864, the Trustees decided to 
commence operations at once, and a committee, of which Mr. Howell, of Keo- 
kuk, was Chairman, was appointed to lease a suitable building, solicit donations, 
and j)r(icure suitable furniture. This committee secured a lai-ge brick building 
in Lawrence, Van Buren County, and engaged ]\Ir. Fuller, of Mt. Pleasant, as 
Steward. 

At the annual meeting, in Des Moines, in June, 1864, Mrs. C. B. Baldwin, 
Mrs. G. G. Wright, Mrs. Dr. Horton, Miss Mary E. Shelton and Mr. George 
Sherman were appointed a committee to furnish the building and take all neces- 
sary steps for opening the "Home," and notice was given that at the next 
meeting of the Association, a motion would be made to change the name of the 
Institution to Iowa Orphans' Home. 

The work of preparation was conducted so vigorously that on the 1 3th day 
of July following, the Executive Committee announced that they were ready to 
receive the children. In three weeks twenty-one were admitted, and the num- 
ber constantly increased, so that, in a little more than six months from the time 
of opening, there were seventy children admitted, and twenty more applica- 
tions, which the Committee had not acted upon — all orphans of soldiers. 

Miss M. Elliott, of Washington, was appointed Matron. She resigned, 
in February, 1865, and was succeeded by Mrs. E. G. Piatt, of Fremont 
County. 

Tiie " Home " was sustained by the voluntary contributions of the people, 
until 1866, when it was assumed by the State. In that year, the General 
Assem bly provided for the location of several such "Homes" in the different 
counties, and which were established at Davenport, Scott County; Cedar Falls, 
Black Hawk County, and at Glenwood, Mills County. 

Tlie Board of Trustees elected by the General Assembly had the oversight 
and management of the Soldiers' Orphans' Homes of the State, and consisted 
of one person from each county in which such Home was located, and one for 
the State at large, Avho held their office two years, or until, their successors were 
elected and (pudificd. An appropriation of $10 per month for each orphan 
actually supported was made by the General Assembly. 

The Home in Cedar Falls was organized in 1865, and an old hotel building 
was fitted up for it. Rufus C, Mary L. and Emma L. Bauer were the first 
chddren received, in October, and by January, 1866, there were ninety-six in- 
mates. 

October 12, 1869, the Home was removed to a large brick building, about 
two mdes west of Cedar Falls, and was very prosperous for several years, but 
m 187<;, the General Assembly established a State Normal School at Cedar 
Falls and appropriated the buildings and grounds for that purpose. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 201 

By " An act to provide for the organization and support of an asylum at 
Glenwood, in Mills County, for feeble minded children," approved March 17, 
1876, the buildings and grounds used by the Soldiers' Orphans' Home at that 
place were appropriated for this purpose. By another act, approved March 15, 
1876, the soldiers' orphans, then at the Homes at Glenwood and Cedar Falls, 
were to be removed to the Home at Davenport within ninety days thereafter, 
and the Board of Trustees of the Home were authorized to receive other indigent 
children into that institution, and provide for their education in industrial 
pursuits. 

STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 

Cedar Falls, Black Hawk County. 

Chapter 129 of the laws of the Sixteenth General Assembly, in 1876, estab- 
lished a State Normal School at Cedar Falls, Black Hawk County, and required 
the Trustees of the Soldiers' Orphans' Home to turn over the property in their 
charge to the Directors of the new institution. 

The Board of Directors met at Cedar Falls June 7, 1876, and duly organ- 
ized by the election of H. C. Hemenway, President ; J. J. Toleston, Secretary, 
and E. Townsend, Treasurer. The Board of Trustees of the Soldiers' Orphans' 
Home met at the same time for the purpose of turning over to the Directors the 
property of that institution, which was satisfactorily done and properly receipted 
for as required by law. At this meeting, Prof. J. C. Gilchrist was elected 
Principal of the School. 

On the 12th of July, 1876, the Board again met, when executive and 
teachers' committees were appointed and their duties assigned. A Steward 
and a Matron were elected, and their respective duties defined. 

The buildings and grounds were repaired and fitted up as well as the appro- 
priation would admit, and the first term of the school opened September 6, 1876, 
commencing with twenty-seven and closing with eighty-seven students. The 
second term closed with eighty-six, and one hundred and six attended during 
the third term. 

The following are the Board of Directors, Board of Officers and Faculty : 

Board of Directors. — H. C. Hemenway, Cedar Falls, President, term 
expires 1882 ; L. D. Lewelling, Salem, Henry County, 1878 ; W. A. Stow, 
Hamburg, Fremont County, 1878 ; S. G. Smith, Newton, Jasper County, 
1880 ; E. H. Thayer, Clinton, Clinton County, 1880 ; G. S. Robinson, Storm 
Lake, Buena Vista County, 1882. 

Board of Officers. — J. J. Toleston, Secretary ; E. Townsend, Treasurer ; 
William Pattes, Steward ; Mrs. P. A. Schermerhorn, Matron — all of Cedar 
Falls. 

Faculty. — J. C. Gilchrist, A. M., Principal, Professor of Mental and 
Moral Philosophy and Didactics ; M. W. Bartlett, A. M., Professor of Lan- 
guages and Natural Science ; D. S. Wright, A. M., Professor of Mathematics ; 
Miss Frances L. Webster, Teacher of Geography and History ; E. W. Burnham, 
Professor of Music. 

ASYLUM FOR FEEBLE MINDED CHILDREN. 

Glenwood., Mills County. 

Chapter 152 of the laws of the Sixteenth General Assembly, approved 
March 17, 1876, provided for the establishment of an asylum for feeble minded 
children at Glenwood, Mills County, and the buildings and grounds of the 



202 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

Soldiers' Orphans' Home at that place were to be used for that purpose. The 
asylum was placed under the management of three Trustees, one at least of 
whom should be a resident of Mills County. Children between the ages of 7 
and 18 years are admitted. Ten dollars per month for each child actually sup- 
ported by the State was appropriated by the act, and $2,000 for salaries of 
oflBcers and teachers for two years. 

Hon. J. W. Cattell, of Polk County ; A. J. Russell, of Mills County, and 
W. S. Robertson, were appointed Trustees, who held their first meeting at 
Glen wood, April 26, 1876. Mr. Robertson was elected President; Mr. Russell, 
Treasurer, and Mr. Cattell, Secretary. The Trustees found the house and farm 
which had been turned over to them in a shamefully dilapidated condition. The 
fences were broken down and the lumber destroyed or carried away ; the win- 
dows broken, doors off' their hinges, floors broken and filthy in the extreme, 
cellars reeking with off'ensive odors from decayed vegetables, and every conceiv- 
able variety of filth and garbage ; drains obstructed, cisterns broken, pump 
demoralized, wind-mill broken, roof leaky, and the whole property in the worst 
possible condition. It was the first work of the Trustees to make the house 
tenable. This was done under the direction of Mr. Russell. At the request 
of the Trustees, Dr. Charles T. Wilbur, Superintendent of the Illinois Asylum, 
visited Glenwood, and made many valuable suggestions, and gave them much 
assistance. 

0. W. Archibald, M. D., of Glenwood, was appointed Superintendent, 
and soon after was appointed Secretary of the Board, vice Cattell, resigned. 
Mrs. S. A. Archibald was appointed Matron, and Miss Maud M. Archibald, 
Teacher. 

The Institution was opened September 1, 1876 ; the first pupil admitted 
September 4, and the school was organized September 10, with only five pupils, 
which number had, in November, 1877, increased to eighty-seven. December 
1, 1876, Miss Jennie Van Dorin, of Fairfield, was employed as a teacher and 
in the Spring of 1877, Miss Sabina J. Archibald Avas also employed. 

THE REFORM SCHOOL. 

Eldora, Hardin County. 

By "An act to establish and organize a State Reform School for Juvenile 
Off"enders," approved March 31, 1868, the General Assembly established a 
State Reform Scliool at Salem, Lee (Henry) County; provided for a Board of 
Trustees, to consist of one person from each Congressional District. For the 
purpose of immediately opening the school, the Trustees were directed to accept 
the proposition of the Trustees of White's Iowa Manual Labor Institute, at 
Salem, and lease, for not more than ten years, the lands, buildings, etc., of the 
Institute, and at once proceed to prepare for and open a reform school as a 
temporary establisliment. 

The contract for fitting up the buildings was let to Clark & Haddock, Sep- 
tember 21, 1868, and on the 7th of October following, the first inmate was 
received from Jasper County. The law provided for the admission of children 
of both sexes under 18 years of age. In 1876, this was amended, so that they 
are now received at ages over 7 and under 16 years. 

April 11», 1872, the Trustees were directed to make a permanent location 
for the school, and $45,000 was appropriated for the erection of the necessary 
buildings. The Trustees were further directed, as soon as practicable, to 
organize a school for girls in the buildings where the boys were then kept. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 203 

The Trustees located the school at Eldora, Hardin County, and in the Code 
of 1873, it is permanently located there by law. 

The institution is managed by five Trustees, who are paid mileage, but no 
compensation for their services. 

The object is the reformation of the children of both sexes, under the age 
of 16 years and over 7 years of age, and the law requires that the Trustees 
shall require the boys and girls under their charge to be instructed in piety and 
morality, and in such branches of useful knowledge as are adapted to their age 
and capacity, and in some regular course of labor, either mechanical, manufac- 
turing or agricultural, as is best suited to their age, strength, disposition and 
capacity, and as may seem best adapted to secure the reformation and future 
benefit of the boys and girls. 

A boy or girl committed to the State Reform School is there kept, disci- 
plined, instructed, employed and governed, under the direction of the Trustees, 
until he or she arrives at the age of majority, or is bound out, reformed or 
legally discharged. The binding out or discharge of a boy or girl as reformed, 
or having arrived at the age of majority, is a complete release from all penalties 
incurred by conviction of the offense for which he or she was committed. 

This is one step in the right direction. In the future, however, still further 
advances will be made, and the right of every individual to the fruits of their 
labor, even while restrained for the public good, Avill be recognized. 

FISH HATCHING ESTABLISHMENT. 

I^ear Anamosa, Jones County. 

The Fift-ee-nth General Assembly, in 1874, passed " An act to provide for 
the appointment of a Board of Fish Commissioners for the construction of 
Fishways for the protection and propagation of Fish," also "An act to provide 
for furnishing the rivers and lakes with fish and fish spawn." This act appro- 
priated $3,000 for the purpose. In accordance with the provisions of the first 
act above mentioned, on the 9th of April, 1874, S. B. Evans of Ottumwa, 
Wapello County ; B. F. Shaw of Jones County, and Charles A. Haines, of 
Black Hawk County, were appointed to be Fish Commissioners by the Governor. 
These Commissioners met at Des Moines, May 10, 1874, and organized by the 
election of Mr. Evans, President; Mr. Shaw, Secretary and Superintendent, 
and Mr. Haines, Treasurer. 

The State was partitioned into three districts or divisions to enable the 
Commissioners to better superintend the construction of fishways as required by 
law. That part of the State lying south of the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific 
Railroad was placed under the especial supervision of Mr. Evans ; that part be- 
tween that railroad and the Iowa Division of the Illinois Central Railroad, Mr. 
Shaw, and all north of the Illinois Central Railroad, Mr. Haines. At this 
meeting, the Superintendent was authorized to build a State Hatching House ; 
to procure the spawn of valuable fish adapted to the waters of Iowa ; hatch and 
prepare the young fish for distribution, and assist in putting them into the waters 
of the State. 

In compliance with these instructions, Mr. Shaw at once commenced work, 
and in the Summer of 1874, erected a " State Hatching House" near Anamosa, 
20x40 feet, two stories ; the second story being designed for a tenement ; the 
first story being the "hatching room." The hatching troughs are supplied 
with water from a magnificent spring four feet deep and about ten feet in diam- 
eter, affording an abundant and unfailing supply of pure running water. During 



204 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

the first year, from May 10, 1874, to May 10, 1875, the Commissioners distributed 
within the State 100,000 Shad, 300,000 California Sahnon, 10,000 Bass, 
80,000 Penobscot (Maine) Sahnon, 5,000 hxnd-locked Sahnon, 20,000 of 
other species. 

By act approved March 10, 1876, the hiw was amended so that there should 
be but one instead of three Fish Commissioners, and B. F. Shaw was appointed, 
and the Commissioner Avas authorized to purchase twenty acres of land, on 
which the State Hatching House was located near Anamosa. 

In the Fall of 1S76, Commissioner Shaw gathered from the sloughs of the 
Mississippi, wliere they would have been destroyed, over a million and a half of 
small fish, which were distributed in the various rivers of the State and turned 
into the Mississippi. 

In 1875-6, 533,000 California Salmon, and in 1877, 303,500 Lake Trout 
were distributed in various rivers and lakes in the State. The experiment of 
stocking the small streams with brook trout is being tried, and 81,000 of the 
speckled beauties were distributed in 1877. In 1876, 100,000 young eels were 
distributed. These came from New York and they are increasing rapidly. 

At the close of 1877, there were at least a dozen private fish farms in suc- 
cessful operation in various parts of the State. Commissioner Shaw is en- 
thusiastically devoted to the duties of his office and has performed an important 
service for the people of the State by his intelligent and successful operations. 

The Sixteenth General Assembly passed an act in 1878, prohibiting the 
catching of any kind of fish except Brook Trout from March until June of each 
year. Some varieties are fit for food only during this period. 



THE PUBLIC LANDS. 

The grants of public lands made in the State of Iowa, for various purposes, 
are as follows : 



1. 


The 500,000 Acre Grant. 


2. 


The l()th Section Grant. 


8. 


The Mortgage School Landa. 


4. 


The University Grant. 


5. 


The Saline Grant. 


6. 


The 1)63 Moines P.iver Grant. 


7. 


The lies Moines River School Lands. 


8. 


Tlie Swamp Land Grant. 


9. 


The Railroad Grant. 


10. 


The Agricultural College Grant. 



I. THE FIVE HUNDRED THOUSAND ACRE GRANT. 

When the State was admitted into the Union, she became entitled to 
600,000 acres of land by virtue of an act of Congress, approved September 4, 
1841, which granted to each State therein specified 500,000 acres of publicland 
for internal improvements ; to each State admitted subsequently to the passage 
ot the act, an amount of land which, with the amount that might have been 
granic<l to her as a Territory, would amount to 500,000 acres. All these lands 
were required to be selected within the limits of the State to which they were 
granted. 

The Constitution cf Iowa declares that the proceeds of this grant, together 
with all hinds then granted or to be granted by Congress for the benefit of 
schools, shall constitute a perpetual fund for the support of schools throughout 
the State. By an act approved January 15, 1849, the Legislature established 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 205 

a board of School Fund Commissioners, and to that board was confided the 
selection, care and sale of tliese lands for tlie benefit of the School Fund. Until 
1855, these Commissioners were subordinate to the Superinteudent of Public 
Instruction, but on the 15th of January of that year, they were clothed with 
exclusive authority in the management and sale of school lands. The ofiice of 
School Fund Commissioner was abolished March 23, 1858, and that officer in 
each county was required to transfer all papers to and make full settlement with 
the County Judge. By this act, County Judges and Township Trustees were 
made the agents of the State to control and sell the sixteenth sections ; but no 
further provision was made for the sale of the 500,000 acre grant until April 
3d, 1860, when the entire management of the school lands Avas committed to 
the Boards of Supervisors of the several counties. 

II. THE SIXTEENTH SECTIONS. 

By the provisions of the act of Congress admitting Iowa to the Union, there 
was granted to the new State the sixteenth section in every township, or where 
that section had been sold, other lands of like amount for the use of schools. 
The Constitution of the State provides that the proceeds arising from the sale 
of these sections shall constitute a part of the permanent School Fund. The 
control and sale of these lands were vested in the School Fund Commissioners 
of the several counties until March 23, 1858, when they were transferred to the 
County Judges and Township Trustees, and were finally placed under the 
supervision of the County Boards of Supervisors in January, 1861. 

III. THE MORTGAGE SCHOOL LANDS. 

These do not belong to any of the grants of land proper. They are lands 
that have been mortgaged to the school fund, and became school lands when bid 
off by the State by virtue of a law passed in 1862. Under the provisions of the 
law regulating the management and investment of the permanent school fund, 
persons desiring loans from that fund are required to secure the payment thereof 
with interest at ten per cent, per annum, by promissory notes endorsed by two 
good sureties and by mortgage on unincumbered real estate, which must be 
situated in the county where the loan is made, and which must be valued by 
three appraisers. Making these loans and taking the required securities was 
made the duty of the County Auditor, who was required to report to the Board 
of Supervisors at each meeting thereof, all notes, mortgages and abstracts of 
title connected with the school fund, for examination. 

When default was made of payment of money so secured by mortgage, and 
BO arrangement made for extension of time as the law provides, the Board of 
Supervisors were authorized to bring suit and prosecute it with diligence to 
secure said fund; and in action in favor of the county for the use of the school 
fund, an injunction may issue without bonds, and in any such action, when 
service is made by publication, default and judgment may be entered and 
enforced without bonds. In case of sale of land on execution founded on any 
such mortgage, the attorney of the board, or other person duly authorized, skall, 
on behalf of the State or county for the use of said fund, bid such sum as the 
interests of said fund may require, and if struck off to the State the land shall 
be held and disposed of as the other lands belonging to the fund. These lands 
are known as the Mortgage School Lands, and reports of them, including 
description and amount, are required to be made to the State Land Office. 



206 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

IV. UNIVERSITY LANDS. 

By act of Congress, July 20, 1840, a quantity of land not exceeding two 
entire* townships was reserved in the Territory of Iowa for the use and support 
of a university within said Territory when it should become a State. This land 
wa-s to be located in tracts of not less than an entire section, and could be used 
for no other purpose than that designated in the grant. In an act supplemental 
to that for the admission of Iowa, March 3, 1845, the grant was renewed, and it 
was provided that the lands should be used "solely for the purpose of such 
university, in such manner as the Legislature may prescribe." 

Under this grant there were set apart and approved by the Secretary of the 
Treasury, for the use of the State, the following lands : 

ACRES. 

In the Iowa City Land District, Feb. 26, 1849 20,150.49 

In the Fairticld Land District, Oct. 17, 1849 9,685.20 

la the Iowa City Land District, Jan. 28, 18-50 2,571.81 

In the Fairfield Land District, Sept. 10, 18-50 3,198.20 

In the Dubuque Land District, May 19, 18-52 10,-5-52.24 

Total 45,957.94 

These lands were certified to the State November 19, 1859. The University 
lands are placed by law under the control and management of the Board of 
Trustees of the Iowa State University. Prior to 1865, there had been selected 
and located under 282 patents, 22,892 acres in sixteen counties, and 23,036 
acres unpatented, making a total of 45,928 acres. 

V. — SALINE LANDS. 

By act of Congress, approved March 3, 1845, the State of Iowa was 
granted the use of the salt springs within her limits, not exceeding tAvelve. 
By a subsequent act, approved May 27, 1852, Congress granted the springs 
to the State in fee simple, together with six sections of land contiguous to each, 
to be disposed of as the Legislature might direct. In 1861, the proceeds of 
these lands then to be sold were constituted a fund for founding and support- 
ing a lunatic asylum, but no sales were made. In 1856, the proceeds of the 
saline lands were appropriated to the Insane Asylum, repealed in 1858. In 
1«60, the saline lands and funds were made a part of the permanent fund of 
the State University. These lands were located in Appanoose, Davis, Decatur, 
Lucas, Monroe, Van Buren and Wayne Counties. 

VI. — THE DES MOINES RIVER GRANT. 

By act of Congress, approved August 8, 1846, a grant of land was made 
for the improvement of the navigation of Des Moines River, as follows : 

/?« it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in 
Congress assembUd, That there be, and hereby is, granted to said Territory of Iowa for the 
purposeof aiding said Territory to improve the navigation of the Des Moines River from its 
mouth to the Raccoon Fork (so called) in said Territory, one equal moiety, in alternate sections, 
ot the public lauds (remaining unsold and not otherwise disposed of, incumbered or appropri- 
ated, in a strip five miles in width on each side of said river, to be selected within said Terri- 
lory l.y an agent or a-ents to be appointed by the Governor thereof, subject to the approval of 
the Secretary of the Treasury of the United States. 

r../^'''^ if *' 'V'""-''"" ""'"''"'• '^^^^ *^^ ^'^'^'^^ hereby granted shall not be conveyed 
or disposed of by s:i.d Territory, nor by any State to be formed out of the same, except as said 
improvement sha 1 progre-^s • that i., the said Territory or State may sell so much of said lands 
as shall produce the sum of thirty thousand dollars, and then the sales shall cease until the Gov- 
ernor of said Territory or State shall certify the fact to the President of the United States that 
one-half of said sum has been expended upon said improvements, when the said Territory or 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 207 

State may sell and convey a quantity of the residue of said lands sufficient to replace the amount 
expended, and thus the sales shall progress as the proceeds thereof shall be expended, and the 
fact of such expenditure shall be certified as aforesaid. 

Sec. 3. And be it further enacted, That the said River Des Moines shall be and forever 
remain a public highway for the use of the Government of the United States, free from any toll 
or other charge whatever, for any property of the United States or persons in their service 
passing through or along the same : Provided always, That it shall not be competent for the said 
Territory or future State of Iowa to dispose of said lands, or any of them, at a price lower than, 
for the time being, shall be the minimum price of other public lands. 

Sec. 4. And be it further enacted. That whenever the Territory of Iowa shall be admitted 
into the Union as a State, the lands hereby granted for the above purpose shall be and become 
the property of said State for the purpose contemplated in this act, and for no other : Provided 
the Legislature of the State of Iowa shall accept the said grant for the said purpose." Approved 
Aug. 8, 1846. 

By joint resolution of the General Assembly of Iowa, approved January 9, 
1847, the grant was accepted for the purpose specified. By another act, ap- 
proved February 24, 1847, entited "An act creating the Board of Public 
Works, and providing for the improvement of the Des Moines River," the 
Legislature provided for a Board consisting of a President, Secretary and 
Treasurer, to be elected by the people. This Board was elected August 2, 
1847, and was organized on the 22d of September following. The same act 
defined the nature of the improvement to be made, and provided that the work 
should be paid for from the funds to be derived from the sale of lands to be 
sold by the Board. 

Agents appointed by the Governor selected the sections designated by "odd 
numbers" throughout the whole extent of the grant, and this selection was ap- 
proved by the Secretary of the Treasury. But there was a conflict of opinion 
as to the extent of the grant. It was held by some that it extended from the 
mouth of the Des Moines only to the Raccoon Forks ; others held, as the 
agents to make selection evidently did, that it extended from the mouth to the 
head waters of the river. Richard M. Young, Commissioner of the General 
Land Office, on the 23d of February, 1848, construed the grant to mean that 
" the State is entitled to the alternate sections within five miles of the Des 
Moines River, throughout the whole extent of that river within the limits of 
Iowa." Under this construction, the alternate sections above the Raccoon 
Forks would, of course, belong to the State; but on the 19th of June, 1848, 
some of these lands were, by proclamation, thrown into market. On the 18th 
of September, the Board of Public Works filed a remonstrance with the Com- 
missioner of the General Land Office. The Board also sent in a protest to the 
State Land Office, at which the sale was ordered to take place. On the 8th of 
January, 1849, the Senators and Representatives in Congress from Iowa also 
protested against the sale, in a communication to Hon. Robert J. Walker, Sec- 
retary of the Treasury, to which the Secretary replied, concurring in the 
opinion that the grant extended the whole length of the Des Moines River in 
Iowa. 

On the 1st of June, 1849, the Commissioner of the General Land Office 
directed the Register and Receiver of the Land Office at Iowa City " to with- 
hold from sale all lands situated in the odd numbered sections within five miles 
on each side of the Des Moines River above the Raccoon Forks." March 13, 
1850, the Commissioner of the General Land Office submitted to the Secretary 
of the Interior a list "showing the tracts falling within the limits of the Des 
Moines River grant, above the Raccoon Forks, etc., under the decision of the 
Secretary of the Treasury, of March 2, 1849," and on the 6th of April 
following, Mr. Ewing, then Secretary of the Interior, reversed the decision of 
Secretary Walker, but ordered the lands to be withheld from sale until Con- 



208 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

gress could liave an opportunity to pass an explanatory act. The Iowa author- 
ities appealed from this decision to the President (Taylor) who referred the 
matter to the Attorney General (Mr. Johnson). On the 19th of July, Mr. 
Johnson submitted as his opinion, that by the terms of the grant itseli it ex- 
tended to the very source of the Des Moines, but before his opinion was pub- 
Ushed President Tavlor died. When Mr. Tyler's cabinet was formed, the 
question was submitted to the new Attorney General (Mr. Crittenden), who, on 
the 30th of June, 1851, reported that in his opinion the grant did not extend 
above the Raccoon Forks. Mr. Stewart, Secretary of the Interior, concurred 
with Mr. Crittenden at first, but subsequently consented to lay the whole sub- 
ject before the President and Cabinet, who decided in favor of the State. 

October 29, 1851, Mr. Stewart directed the Commissioner of the General 
Land Office to "submit for his approval such lists as had been prepared, and to 
proceed to report for like approval lists of the alternate sections claimed by the 
State of Iowa above the Raccoon Forks, as far as the surveys have progressed, 
or may hereafter be completed and returned." And on the following day, three 
lists of thefie lands Avere prepared in the General Land Office. 

The lands approved and certified to the State of Iowa under this grant, and 
all lying above the Raccoon Forks, are as follows : 

By Secretary Stewart, Oct. 30, 1851 81,707.93 acres. 

March 10, 1852 143,908.37 " 

By Secretary McLellan, Dec. 17, 1853 33,142.43 " 

Dec. 30, 1853 12,813.61 " 

Total 271,572.24 acres. 

The Commissioners and Register of the Des Moines River Improvement, in 
their report to the Governor, November 30, 1852, estimates the total amount of 
lands then available for the work, including those in possession of the State and 
those to be surveyed and approved, at nearly a million acres. The indebtedness 
then standing against the fund was about $108,000, and the Commissioners 
estimated the work to be done would cost about $1,200,000. 

January 19, 1853, the Legislature authorized the Commissioners to sell 
" any or all the lands which have or may hereafter be granted, for not less than 
^1,300,000." 

On the 24th of January, 1853, the General Assembly provided for the elec- 
tion of a Commissioner by the people, and appointed two Assistant Commission- 
ers, with authority to make a contract, selling the lands of the Improvement 
for $1,300,000. This new Board made a contract, June 9, 1855, with the Des 
Moines Navigation & Railroad Company, agreeing to sell all the lands donated 
to the State by Act of Congress of August 8, 1840, which the State had not 
sold prior to December 23, 1853, for $1,300,000, to be expended on the im- 
provement of the river, and in paying the indebtedness then due. This con- 
tract was duly reported to the Governor and General Assembly. 

By an act approved January 25, 1855, the Commissioner and Register of 
the Des Moines River Improvement were authorized to negotiate with the Des 
Moines Navigation &: Railroad Company for the purchase of lands in Webster 
County which had been sold by the School Fund Commissioner as school lands, 
but which had been certified to the State as Des Moines River lands, and had, 
therefore, become the property of the Company, under the provisions of its 
contract with the State. 

March 21, 185G, the old question of the extent of the grant was again raised 
and the Commissioner of the General Land Office decided that it was limited to 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 209 

the Raccoon Fork. Appeal was made to the Secretary of the Interior, and bj 
him the matter was referred to the Attorney General, who decided that the grant 
extended to the northern boundary of the State ; the State relinquished its 
claim to lands lying along the river in Minnesota, and the vexed question was 
supposed to be finally settled. 

The land which had been certified, as well as those extending to the north- 
ern boundary within the limits of the grant, were reserved from pre-emption 
and sale by the General Land Commissioner, to satisfy the grant of August 8, 
1846, and they were treated as having passed to the State, which from time to 
time sold portions of them prior to their final transfer to the Des INIoines Navi- 
igation & Railroad Company, applying the proceeds thereof to the improve- 
ment of the river in compliance with the terms of the grant. Prior to the final 
sale to the Company, June 9, 1854, the State had sold about 327,000 acres, of 
which amount 58,830 acres were located above the Raccoon Fork. The last 
certificate of the General Land Office bears date December 30, 1853. 

After June 9th, 1854, the Des Moines Navigation & Railroad Company 
carried on the work under its contract with the State. As the improvement 
progressed, the State, from time to time, by its authorized officers, issued to the 
Company, in payment for said work, certificates for lands. But the General 
Land Office ceased to certify lands under the grant of 1846. The State 
had made no other provision for paying for the improvements, and disagree- 
ments and misunderstanding arose between the State authorities and the 
Company. 

March 22, 1858, a joint resolution was passed by the Legislature submitting 
a proposition for final settlement to the Company, which was accepted. The Com- 
pany paid to the State $20,000 in cash, and released and conveyed the dredge boat 
and materials named in the resolution ; and the State, on the 3d of May, 1858, 
executed to the Des Moines Navigation & Railroad Company fourteen deeds 
or patents to the lands, amounting to 256,703.64 acres. These deeds were 
intended to convey all the lands of this grant certified to the State by the Gen- 
eral Government not previously sold ; but, as if for the purpose of covering any 
tract or parcel that might have been omitted, the State made another deed of 
conveyance on the 18th day of May, 1858. These fifteen deeds, it is claimed, 
by the Company, convey 266,108 acres, of which about 53,367 are below the 
Raccoon Fork, and the balance, 212,741 acres, are above that point. 

Besides the lands deeded to the Company, the State had deeded to individual 
purchasers 58,830 acres above the Raccoon Fork, making an aggregate of 271,- 
571 acres, deeded above the Fork, all of which had been certified to the State 
by the Federal Government. 

By act approved March 28, 1858, the Legislature donated the remainder of 
the grant to the Keokuk, Fort Des Moines & Minnesota Railroad Company, 
upon condition that said Company assumed all liabilities resulting from the Des 
Moines River improvement operations, reserving 50,000 acres of the land in 
security for the payment thereof, and for the completion of the locks and dams 
at Bentonsport, Croton, Keosauqua and Plymouth. For every three thousand 
dollars' worth of work done on the locks and dams, and for every three thousand 
dollars paid by the Company of the liabilities above mentioned, the Register of 
the State Land Office was instructed to certify to the Company 1,000 acres of 
the 50,000 acres reserved for these purposes. Up to 1865, there had been pre- 
sented by the Company, under the provisions of the act of 1858, and aMowed, 
claims amounting to "^109,579.37, about seventy-five per cent, of which had 
been settled. 



210 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

After the passage of the Act above noticed, the question of the extent of the 
ori'nnal crant was again mooted, and at the December Term of the Supreme Court 
of die I'^nited States, in 1859-60, a decision was rendered declaring that the 
grant did not extend above Raccoon Fork, and that all certificates of land above 
the Fork had been issued without authority of law and were, therefore, void 
(see 23 How., QQ). 

The State of Iowa had disposed of a large amount of land without authority, 
according to this decision, and appeal was made to Congress for relief, which 
was granted on the 3d day of March, 1861, in a joint resolution relinquishing 
to the State all the title which the United States then still retained in the tracts 
of land along the Des Moines River above Raccoon Fork, that had been im- 
properly certified to the State by the Department of the Interior, and which is 
now held by bona fide purchasers under the State of Iowa. 

In confirmation of this relinquishment, by act approved July 12, 1862, 

Congress enacted : 

That the grant of lands to the then Territory of Iowa for the improvement of the Des Moines 
River, made by the act of August 8, 1846, is hereby extended so as to include the alternate sec- 
tions (designated by odd numbers) lying within five miles of said river, between the Raccoon 
Fork and the northern boundary of said State ; such lands are to be held and applied in accord- 
ance with the provisions of the original grant, except that the consent of Congress is hereby given 
to the application of a portion thereof to aid in the construction of the Keokuk, Fort Des Moines 
& Minnesota Railroad, in accordance with the provisions of the act of the General Assembly of 
the State of Iowa, approved March 22, 1858. And if any of the said lands shall have been sold 
or otherwise disposed of by the United States before the passage of this act, except those released 
by the United States to the grantees of the State of Iowa, under joint resolution of l\Iarch 3, 
1801, the Secretary of the Interior is hereby directed to set apart an equal amount of lands within 
said State to be certified in lieu thereof; Provided, that if the State shall have sold and conveyed 
any portion of the lands lying within the limits of the grant the title of which has proved invalid, 
any lands which shall be certified to said State in lieu thereof by virtue of the provisions of this 
act, shall inure to and be held as a trust fund for the benefit of the person or persons, respect- 
ively, whose titles shall have failed as aforesaid. 

The grant of lands by the above act of Congress was accepted by a joint 
resolution of the General Assembly, September 11, 1862, in extra session. On 
the same day, the Governor was authorized to appoint one or more Commis- 
sioners to select the lands in accordance Avith the grant. These Commissioners 
were instructed to report their selections to the Registrar of the State Land 
Office. The lands so selected were to be held for the purposes of the grant, and 
were not to be disposed of until further legislation should be had. D. W. Kil- 
burne, of Lee County, was appointed Commissioner, and, on the 25th day of 
April, 1864, the General Land Officer authorized the selection of 300,000 acres 
from the vacant public lands as a part of the grant of July 12, 1862, and the 
selections Avere made in the Fort Dodge and Sioux City Land Districts. 

Many difficulties, controversies and conflicts, in relation to claims and titles, 
grew out of this grant, and these difficulties were enhanced by the uncertainty 
of its limits until the act of Congress of July, 1862. But the General Assem- 
bly sought, by wise and appropriate legislation, to protect the integrity of titles 
derived from the State. Especially Avas the determination to protect the actual 
settlers, wlio had paid their money and made improvements prior to the final 
settlement of the limits of the grant by Congress. 

VII. — THE DES MOINES RIVER SCHOOL LANDS. 

These lands constituted a part of the 500,000 acre grant made by Congress 
in 1841 ; including 28,378.46 acres in Webster County, selected by the Agent of 
tlie State under that grant, and approved by the Commissioner of the General 
Land Office February 20, 1851. They Avere ordered into the market June 6, 





ATT Y. AT LAW, MAN C H ESTE R 



IIISTORV OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 211 

1853, by the Superintendent of Public Instruction, who authorized John Tol- 
man. School Fund Commissioner for Webster County, to sell them as school 
lands. Subsequently, when the act of 1846 was construed to extend the Des 
Moines River grant above Raccoon Fork, it was held that the odd numbered 
sections of these lands within five miles of the river were appropriated by that 
act, and on the 30th day of December, 1853, 12,813.51 acres Avere set apart 
and approved to the State by the Secretary of the Interior, as a part of the 
Des Moines River grant. January 6, 1854, the Commissioner T)f the General 
Land Office transmitted to the Superintendent of Public Instruction a certified 
copy of the lists of tliese lands, indorsed by the Secretary of the Interior, 
Prior to this action of the Department, however, Mr. Tolman had sold to indi- 
vidual purchasers 3,194.28 acres as school lands, and their titles were, of course, 
killed. For their relief, an act, approved April 2, 1860, provided that, upon 
application and proper showing, these purchasers should be entitled to draw 
from the State Treasury the amount they had paid, with 10 per cent, interest, 
on the contract to purchase made with Mr. Tolman. Under this act, five appli- 
cations were made prior to 1864, and the applicants received, in the aggregate, 
$949.53. 

By an act approved April 7, 1862, the Governor was forbidden to issue to 
the Dubuque & Sioux City Railroad Company any certificate of the completion 
of any part of said road, or any conveyance of lands, until the company should 
i^xeeute and file, in the State Land Office, a release of its claim — first, to cer- 
tain swamp lands ; second, to the Des Moines River Lands sold by Tolman ; 
third, to certain other river lands. That act provided that " the said company 
shall transfer their interest in those tracts of land in Webster and Hamilton 
Counties heretofore sold by John Tolman, School Fund Commissioner, to the 
Register of the State Land Office in trust, to enable said Register to carry out 
and perform said contracts in all cases when he is called upon by the parties 
interested to do so, before the 1st day of January, A. D. 1864. 

The company filed its release to the Tolman lands, in the Land Office, Feb- 
ruary 27, 1864, at the same time entered its protest that it had no claim upon 
them, never had pretended to have, and had never sought to claim them. The 
Register of the State Land Office, under the advice of the Attorney General, 
decided that patents would be issued to the Tolman purchasers in all cases 
where contracts had been made prior to December 23, 1853, and remaining 
uncanceled under the act of 1860. But before any were issued, on the 27th of 
August, 1864, the Des Moines Navigation & Railroad Company commenced a 
suit in chancery, in the District Court of Polk County, to enjoin the issue of 
such patents. On the 30th of August, an ex parte injunction was issued. In 
January, 1868, Mr. J. A. Harvey, Register of the Land Office, filed in the 
court an elaborate answer to plaintiffs' petition, denying that the company had 
any right to or title in the lands. Mr. Harvey's successor, Mr. C. C. Carpen- 
ter, filed a still more exhaustive answer February 10, 1868. August 3, 1868, 
the District Court dissolved the injunction. The company appealed to the 
Supreme Court, where the decision of the lower court was affirmed in December, 
1869. 

VIII. SWAMP LAND GRANT. 

By an act of Congress, approved March 28, 1850, to enable Arkansas and 
other States to reclaim swampy lands within their limits, granted all the swamp 
and overflowed lands remaining unsold within their respective limits to the 
several States. Although the total amount claimed by Iowa under this act 



•212 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

does not exceed 4,000,000 acres, it has, like the Dcs Moines River and some 
of the land grants, cost the State considerable trouble and expense, and required 
a deal of legislation. The State expended large sums of money in making the 
selections, securing proofs, etc., but the General Government appeared to be 
laboring under the impression that Iowa was not acting in good faith ; that she 
had soiected a large amount of lands under the swamp land grant, transferred 
her interest to counties, and counties to private speculators, and the General 
Land Oflice permitted contests as to the character of the lands already selected 
by the Agents of the State as "swamp lands." Congress, by joint resolution 
l)ec. 18, 1856, and by act March 3, 1857, saved the State from the fatal result 
of this ruinous policy. Many of these lands were selected in 1854 and 1855, 
innncdiately after several remarkably wet seasons, and it was but natural that 
some portions of the selections would not appear swampy after a few dry seasons. 
Some time after these first selections were made, persons desired to enter 
parcels of the so-called swamp lands and offering to prove them to be dry. In 
such cases the General Land Office ordered hearing before the local land officers, 
and if they decided the land to be dry, it was permitted to be entered and the 
claim of the State rejected. Speculators took advantage of this. Affidavits 
were bought of irresponsible and reckless men, who, for a few dollars, would 
(•<mfidently testify to the character of lands they never saw. These applica- 
tions multij)lied until they covered 3,000,000 acres. It was necessary that 
Congress should confirm all these selections to the State, that this gigantic 
scheme of fraud and plunder might be stopped. The act of Congress of 
March 3, 1857, was designed to accomplish this purpose. But the Commis- 
sioner of the General Lan<i Office held that it was only a qualified confirma- 
tion, and under this construction sought to sustain the action of the Department 
in rejecting the claim of the State, and certifying them under act of May 15, 
1850, under which the railroad companies claimed all swamp land in odd num- 
bered sections within the limits of their respective roads. This action led to 
serious conq)li cations. AVlien the railroad grant was made, it was not intended 
nor was it understood that it included any of the swamp lands. These were 
already disposed of by previous grant. Nor did the companies expect to 
receive any of them, but under the decisions of the Department adverse to the 
State the way was opened, and they were not slow to enter their claims. March 
4, 18G2, the Attorney General of the State submitted to the General Assembly 
an opinion that the railroad companies were not entitled even to contest the 
right of the State to these lands, under the swamp land grant. A letter from 
the Acting Connnissioner of the General Land Office expressed the same 
opinion, and the (ieneral Assembly by joint resolution, approved April 7, 1862, 
expressly re])U(liated the acts of the railroad companies, and disclaimed any 
intention to claim these lands under any other than the act of Congress of 
Sept. 28, 1850. A great deal of legislation has been found necessary in rela- 
tion to these swamp lands. 

IX. — THE RAILROAD GRANT. 

One of the most important grants of public lands to Iowa for purposes of 
internal improvement was that known as the "Railroad Grant," by act of 
Congress approved May 15, 1856. This act granted to the State of Iowa, for 
the purpose of aiding in the construction of railroads from Burlington, on the 
Mississippi River, to a point on the ^lissouri River, near the mouth of Platte 
River; from the city of Davenport, via Iowa City and Fort Des Moines to 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 213 

Council Bluffs; from Lyons City northwesterly to a point of intersection .vith 
the main line of the Iowa Central Air Line Railroad, near Maquoketa ; thence 
on said main line, running as near as practicable to the Forty-second Parallel ; 
across the said State of Iowa to the Missouri River ; from the city of Dubuque 
to a point on the Missouri River, near Sioux City, with a branch from the 
mouth of the Tete des Morts, to the nearest point on said road, to be c )m- 
pleted as soon as the main road is completed to that point, every alternate section 
of land, designated by odd numbers, for six sections in width on each si'ie of 
said roads. It was also provided that if it should appear, when the lines of those 
roads were definitely fixed, that the United States had sold, or right of })re- 
emption had attached to any portion of said land, the State was authorized to 
select a quantity equal thereto, in alternate sections, or parts of sections, within 
fifteen miles of the lines so located. The lands remaining to tlie United States 
within six miles on each side of said roads were not to be sold for less than the 
double minimum price of the public lands when sold, nor were any of said lands 
to become subject to private entry until they had been first offered at public 
sale at the increased price. 

Section 4 of the act provided that the lands granted to said State shall be 
disposed of by said State only in the manner following, that is to say : that a 
quantity of land not exceeding one hundred and twenty sections for each of said 
roads, and included within a continuous length of twenty mihs of each of said 
roads, may be sold ; and when the Governor of said State shall certify to the 
Secretary of the Interior that any twenty continuous miles of any of said roads 
is completed, then another quantity of land hereby granted, not to exceed one 
hundred and twenty sections for each of said roads having twenty continuous 
miles completed as aforesaid, and included within a continuous length of twenty 
miles of each of such roads, may be sold ; and so from time to time until said 
roads are completed, and if any of said roads are not completed within ten 
years, no further sale shall be made, and the lands unsold shall revert to the 
United States." 

At a special session of the General Assembly of Iowa, by act approved July 
14, 1856, the grant was accepted and the lands were granted by the State to 
the several railroad companies named, provided that the lines of their respective 
roads should be definitely fixed and located before April 1, 1857 ; and pro- 
vided further, that if either of said companies should fail to have seventy-five 
miles of road completed and equipped by the 1st day of December, 1859, and 
its entire road completed by December 1, 1865, it should be competent for the 
State of Iowa to resume all rights to lands remaining undisposed of by the 
company so failing. 

The railroad companies, with the single exception of the Iowa Central Air 
Line, accepted the several grants in accordance with the provisions of the above 
act, located their respective roads and selected their lands. The grant to the 
Iowa Central Avas again granted to the Cedar Rapids & JNIissouri River Railroad 
Company, which accepted them. 

By act, approved April 7, 1862, the Dubuque & Sioux City Railroad Com- 
pany was required to execute a release to the State of certain swamp and school 
lands, included within tlie limits of its grant, in compensation for an extension 
of the time fixed for the completion of its road. 

A careful examination of the act of Congress does not reveal any special 
reference to railroad companies. The lands were granted to the State, and the 
act evidently contemplate the sale of i\\em hy the State, and the appropriation 
of the proceeds to aid in the construction of certain lines of railroad within its 



214 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

limits. Section 4 of the act clearly defines the authority of the State in dis- 
posing of the lands. -n ^ ^ 

Lists of all the lands embraced by the grant were made, and certified to the 
State by the jjroper authorities. Under an act of Congress approved August 3, 
l.No4, e'ntitled ''An act to vest in the several States and Territories the title in 
fee of the lands ivhich have been or may he certified to them," these certified lists, 
the originals of which are filed in the General Land Office, conveyed to the State 
"the fee simple title to all the lands embraced in such lists that are of the char- 
acter contemplated" by the terms of the act making the grant, and "intended 
to be granted thereby ; but where lands embraced in such lists are not of the 
character embraced by such act of Congress, and were not intended to be granted 
thereby, said lists, so far as these lands are concerned, shall be perfectly null 
and void; and no right, title, claim or interest shall be conveyed thereby." 
Those certified lists made under the act of May 15, 1856, were forty-three in 
number, viz.: For the Burlington & Missouri River Railroad, nine ; for the 
Mississippi & jMissouri Railroad, 11 ; for the Iowa Central Air Linb, thirteen ; 
and for the Dubu(}ue & Sioux City Railroad, ten. The lands thus approved to 
the State were as follows : 

Burlington & Missouri River R. R 287,095.34 acres. 

Mississippi & Missouri River R. K 774,674.36 " 

Cedar Rapids & Missouri River R. R 775,454.19 " 

Dubuque & bioux City R. R 1,226,558.32 " 

A portion of these had been selected as swamp lands by the State, under 
the act of September 28, 1850, and these, by the terms of the act of August 3, 
l!^54, could not be turned over to the railroads unless the claim of the State to 
them as swamp was first rejected. It was not possible to determine from the 
records of the State Land Office the extent of the conflicting claims arising under' 
the two grants, as copies of the swamp land selections in some of the counties 
were not filed of record. The Commissioner of the General Land Office, however, 
prepared lists of the lands claimed by the State as swamp under act of September 
28, 1850, and also claimed by the railroad companies under act of May 15, 
1850, amounting to 553,293.33 acres, the claim to which as swamp had been 
rejected by the Department. These were consequently certified to the State as 
railroad lands. There was no mode other than the act of July, 1856, prescribed 
for transferring the title to these lands from the State to the companies. The 
courts had decided that, for the purposes of the grant, the lands belonged to the 
State, and to her the companies should look for their titles. It was generally 
accepted that the act of the Legislature of July, 1856, was all that was neces- 
sary to complete the transfer of title. It was assumed that all the rights and 
powers conferred upon the State by the act of Congress of May 14, 1856, were 
by the act of the General Assembly transferred to the companies ; in other 
words, that it was designed to put the companies in the place of the State as the 
grantees from Congress — and, therefore, that which perfected the title thereto 
to the State perfected the title to the companies by virtue of the act of July, 
1856. One of th(! companies, however, the Burlington & Missouri River Rail- 
road Company, was not entirely satisfied with this construction. Its managers 
thought that some further and specific action of the State authorities in addition 
to the act of the Legislature w:is necessary to complete their title. This induced 
Gov. Lowe to attach to the certified lists his official certificate, under the broad 
seal of the State. On the 9th of November, 1859, the Governor thus certified 
to^them (commencing at the Missouri River) 187,207.44 acres, and December 
27th, 43,775.70 acres, an aggregate of 231,073.14 acres. These were the only 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 215 

lands under the grant tliat were certified by the State authorities with any 
design of perfecting the title already vested in the company by the act of July, 
1856. The lists which were afterward furnished to the company were simply 
certified by the Governor as being correct copies of the lists received by the 
State from the United States General Land Office. These subsequent lists 
embraced lands that had been claimed by the State under the Swamp Land 
Grant. 

It was urged against the claim of the Companies that the effect of the act 
of the Legislature was simply to substitute them for the State as parties to the 
grant. 1st. That the lands were granted to the State to be held in trust for the 
accomplishment of a specific purpose, and therefore the State could not part 
with the title until that purpose should have been accomplished. 2d. That it 
was not the intention of the act of July 14, 1856, to deprive the State of the con- 
trol of the lands, but on the contrary that she should retain supervision of them 
and the right to withdraw all rights and powers and resume the title condition- 
ally conferred by that act upon the companies in the event of their failure to 
complete their part of the contract. 3d. That the certified lists from the Gen- 
eral Land Office vested the title in the State only by virtue of the act of Con- 
gress approved August 3, 1854. The State Land Office held that the proper 
construction of the act of July 14, 1856, when accepted by the companies, was 
that it became a conditional contract that might ripen into a positive sale of the 
lands as from time to time the work should progress, and as the State thereby 
became authorized by the express terms of the grant to sell them. 

This appears to have been the correct construction of the act, but by a sub- 
sequent act of Congress, approved June 2, 1864, amending the act of 1856, the 
terms of the grant Avere changed, and numerous controversies arose between the 
companies and the State. 

The ostensible purpose of this additional act was to allow the Davenport k 
Council Bluffs Railroad " to modify or change the location of the uncompleted 
portion of its line," to run through the town of Newton, Jasper County, or as 
nearly as practicable to that point. The original grant had been made to the 
State to aid in the construction of railroads within its limits and not to the com- 
panies, but Congress, in 1864, appears to have been utterly ignorant of what 
had been done under the act of 1856, or, if not, to have utterly disregarded it. 
The State had accepted the original grant. The Secretary of the Interior had 
already certified to the State all the lands intended to be included in the grant 
within fifteen miles of the lines of the several railroads. It will be remembered 
that Section 4, of the act of May 15, 1856, specifies the manner of sale of 
these lands from time to time as work on the railroads should progress, and also 
provided that " if any of said roads are not completed Avithin ten years, no fur- 
ther sale shall be made, and the lands unsold shall revert to the United States." 
Having vested the title to these lands in trust, in the State of Iowa, it is plain 
that until the expiration of the ten years there could be no reversion, and the 
State, not the United States, must control them until the grant should expire 
by limitation. The United States authorities could not rightfully re([uire the 
Secretary of the Interior to certify directly to the companies any portion of 
the lands already certified to the State. And yet Congress, by its act of June 
2, 1864, provided that whenever the Davenport & Council Bluffs Railroad Com- 
pany should file in the General Land Office at Washington a map definitely 
showing such new location, the Secretary of the Interior should cause to be cer- 
tified and conveyed to said Company, from time to time, as the road progressed, 
out of any of the lands belonging to the United States, not sold, reserved, or 



210 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

otherwise disposed of, or to which a pre-emption claim or right of homestead had 
not attached, and on which a bona fide settlement and improvement had not 
been made under color of title derived from tlie United States or from the State 
of Iowa, Avithin six miles of such newly located line, an amount of land per 
mile e^ual to that originally authorized to be granted to aid in the construction 
of said road by the act to which this was an amendment. 

Tlie term " out of any lands belonging to the United States, not sold, re- 
served or otherwise disposed of, etc.," would seem to indicate that Congress did 
intend to grant lands already granted, but when it declared that the Company 
should have an amount per mile equal to that originally authorized to be grantid, 
it is plain that the framers of the bill were ignorant of the real terms of the 
original grant, or that they designed that the United States should resume the 
title it had ah-oady ])arted with two years before the lands could revert to the 
United States under the original act, which was not repealed. 

A similar change was made in relation to the Cedar Rapids & Missouri 
Railroad, and dictated the conveyance of lands in a similar manner. 

Like provision was made for the Dubuque & Sioux City Railroad, and the 
Company was permitted to change the location of its line between Fort Dodge 
and Sioux City, so as to secure the best route between those points; but this 
change of location was not to impair the right to the land granted in the orig- 
inal act, nor did it change the location of those lands. 

By the same act, the Mississippi & Missouri Railroad Company was author- 
ized to transfer and assign all or any part of the grant to any other company or 
person, " if, in the opinion of said Company, the construction of said railroad 
across the State of Iowa would be thereby sooner and more satisfactorily com- 
pleted ; but such assignee should not in any case be released from the liabilities 
and conditions accompanying this grant, nor acquire perfect title in any other 
manner than the same would have been acquired by the original grantee." 

Still further, the Buidington & Mis-'Ouri River Railroad was not forgotten, 
and was, by the same act, empowered to receive an amount of land per mile 
e(|ual to that mentioned in the original act, and if that could not be found within 
the limits of six miles from the line of said road, then such selection might 
be made along such line within twenty miles thereof out of any public lands 
belonging to the United States, not sold, reserved or otherwise disposed of, or 
to which a pre-emption claim or right of homestead had not attached. 

Those acts of Congress, which evidently originated in the "lobby," occa- 
sioned much controversy and trouble. The Department of the Interior, how- 
ever, recognizing the fact that wiien the Secretary had certified the lands to the 
State, under the act of 18o6, that act divested the United States of title, under 
the vesting act of August, 1854, refused to review its action, and also refused 
to order any and all investigations for establishing adverse claims (except in 
pre-emption cases), on the ground that the United States had parted with the 
title, and, therefore, could exercise no control over the land. 

May 12, IHOI, before the passage of the amendatory act above described, 
Congress granted to the State of Iowa, to aid in the construction of a railroad 
from McGregor to Sioux City, and for the benefit of the McGregor Western 
Radroad Company, every alternate section of land, designated by odd numbers, 
for ten sections in width on each side of the proposed road, reserving the right 
to substitute other lands whenever it was found that the grant infringed upon 
pre-empted lands, or on lands that had been reserved or disposed of for any other 
purpose. In such cases, the Secretary of the Interior was instructed to select, in 
lieu, lands belonging to the United States lying nearest to the limits specified. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 217 

X. AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE AND FARM LANDS. 

An Agricultural College and Model Farm was established by act of the 
General Assembly, approved March 22, 1858. By the eleventh section of the 
act, the proceeds of the five-section grant, made for the purpose of aiding in the 
erection of public buildings was appropriated, subject to the approval of Con- 
gress, together with all lands that Congress might thereafter grant to the State 
for the purpose, for the benefit of the institution. On the 23d of March, by 
joint resolution, the Legislature asked the consent of Congress to the proposed 
transfer. By act approved July 11, 1862, Congress removed the restrictions 
imposed in the "five-section grant," and authorized the General Assembly to 
make such disposition of the lands as should be deemed best for the interests of 
the State. By these several acts, the five sections of land in Jasper County 
certified to the State to aid in the erection of public buildings under the act of 
March 3, 1845, entitled ^ An act supplemental to the act for the admission of 
the States of Iowa and Florida into the Union," were fully appropriated for 
the benefit of the Iowa Agricultural College and Farm. The institution is 
located in Story County. Seven hundred and twenty-one acres in that and 
two hundred in Boone County were donated to it by individuals interested in 
the -success of the enterprise. 

By act of Congress approved July 2, 1862, an appropriation was made to 
each State and Territory of 30,000 acres for each Senator and Representative 
in Congress, to which, by the apportionment under the census of 1860, they 
were respectively entitled. This grant was made for the purpose of endowing 
colleges of agriculture and mechanic arts. 

Iowa accepted this grant by an act passed at an extra session of its Legis- 
lature, approved September 11, 1862, entitled "An act to accept of the grant, 
and carry into execution the trust conferred upon the State of Iowa by an act 
of Congress entitled ' An act granting public lands to the several States and 
Territories which may provide colleges for the benefit of agriculture and the 
mechanic arts,' approved July 2, 1862." This act made it the duty of the 
Governor to appoint an agent to select and locate the lands, and provided 
tliat none should be selected that were claimed by any county as swamp 
lauds. The agent was required to make report of his doings to the Governor, 
who was instructed to submit the list of selections to the Board of Trustees of 
the Agricultural College for their approval. One thousand dollars were appro- 
priated to carry the law into effect. The State, having two Senators and six 
Representatives in Congress, was entitled to 240,000 acres of land under tliis 
grant, for the purpose of establishing and maintaining an Agricultural College. 
Peter Melendy, Esq., of Black Hawk County, 'was appointed to make the selec- 
tions, and during August, September and December, 1863, located them in the 
Fort Dodge, Des Moines and Sioux City Land Districts. December 8, 1864, 
these selections were certified by the Commissioner of the General Land Office, 
and were approved to the State by the Secretary of the Interior December 13, 
1864. The title to these lands was vested in the State in fee simple, and con- 
flicted with no other claims under other grants. 

The agricultural lands were approved to the State as 240,000.96 acres; but 
as 35,691.66 acres were located within railroad limits, which were computed at 
the rate of two acres for one, the actual amount of land approved to the State 
under this grant was only 204,309.30 acres, located as follows: 

In Des Moines Land District 6,804.96 acres. 

In Sioux City Land District .50,025.37 " 

In Fort Dodge Land District 138,478.97 " 



218 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

By act of the General Assembly, approved March 29, 1864, entitled, ^ An 
act authorizing the Trustees of the Iowa State Agricultural College and Farm 
to sell all lands acquired, granted, donated or appropriated for the benefit of 
said collcf^e, and to make an investment of the proceeds thereof," all these lands 
were granted to the Agricultural College and Farm, and the Trustees were au- 
thorized to take possession, and sell or lease them. They were then, under the 
control of the Trustees, lands as follows : 

Under the act of July 2. 1852 ^"J'S n^ *°'"^'' 

Of the tive-section grant 7o?nn 

Lands donated in Story County onAnr! '! 

Lands donated in Boone County ^00.00 ' 

Total 208,430.30 acres. 

The Trustees opened an oflBce at Fort Dodge, and appointed Hon. G. W- 
Bassett their agent for the sale of these lands. 

THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 

The germ pf the free public school system of Iowa, which now ranks sec- 
ond to none in the United States, was planted by the first settlers. They had 
migrated to the " The Beautiful Land" from other and older States, where the 
common school system had been tested by many years' experience, bringing 
with them some knowledge of its advantages, which they determined should be 
enjoyed by the children of the land of their adoption. The system thus planted 
was expanded and improved in the broad fields of the West, until now it is 
justly considered one of the most complete, comprehensive and liberal in the 
country. 

Nor is this to bo wondered at when it is remembered humble log school 
houses were built almost as soon as the log cabin of the earliest settlers were 
occupied by their bi'ave builders. In the lead mining regions of the State, the 
first to be occupied by the white race, the hardy pioneers provided the means 
for the education of their children even before they had comfortable dwellings 
for their families. School teachers were among the first immigrants to Iowa. 
Wherever a little settlement was made, the school house was the first united 
jiuljlic act of the settlers; and the rude, primitive structures of the early time 
only disappeared when the communities had increased in population and wealth, 
and were able to replace them with more commodious and comfortable buildings. 
Perhaps in no single instance has the magnificent progress of the State of Iowa 
been more marked and rapid than in her common school system and in her school 
iiouses, which, long since, superseded the log cabins of the first settlers. To- 
day, the school houses which everywhere dot the broad and fertile prairies of 
Iowa are unsurpassed liy those of any other State in the great Union. More 
especially is this true in all her cities and villages, where liberal and lavish 
appropriations have been voted, by a generous people, for the erection of large, 
(M)mmodiou3 and elegant buildings, furnished with all the modern improvements, 
and costing from $lt),0()0 to $60,000 each. The people of the State have ex- 
pended more than 5?1 0,000,000 for the erection of puljlic school buildings. 

The first house erected in Iowa was a log cabin at Dubuque, built by James 
L. Liingworthy and a few other miners, in the Autumn of 1833. When it was 
completed, George Cabbage was employed as teacher during the Winter of 
1S.S8-4, and thirty-five pupils attended his school. Barrett Whittemore taught 
the second term with twenty-five pupils in attendance. Mrs. Caroline Dexter 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 219 

commenced teaching in Dubuque in March, 1836. She was the first female 
teachei- there, and probably the first in Iowa. In 1839, Thomas H. Benton, 
Jr., afterward for ten years Superintendent of Public Instruction, opened an 
English and classical school in Dubuque. The first tax fn* the support of 
schools at Dubuque ay as levied in 1840. 

Among the first buildings erected at Burlington was a commodious log scliool 
house in 1834, in which Mr. Johnson Pierson taught the first school in the 
Winter of 1834-5. 

The first school in Muscatine County was taught by George Bumgardner, 
in the Spring of 1837, and in 1839, a log school house was erected in Musca- 
tine, which served for a long time for school house, church and public hall. 
The first school in Davenport was taught in 1838. In Fairfield, Miss Clarissa 
Sawyer, James F. Chambers and Mrs. Reed taught school in 1839. 

When the site of Iowa City was selected as the capital of the Territory of 
Iowa, in May, 1839, it was a perfect wilderness. The first sale of lots took 
place August 18, 1839, and before January 1, 1840, about tAventy famdies had 
settled within the limits of the town ; and during the same year, Mr. Jesse 
Berry opened a school in a small frame building he had erected, on what is now 
College street. 

The first settlement in Monroe County was made in 1843, by Mr. John R. 
Gray, about two miles from the present site of Eddyville; and in the Summer 
of 1844, a log school house was built by Gray, William V. Beedle, C. Renfro, 
Joseph McMullen and Willoughby Randolph, and the first school was opened 
by Miss Urania Adams. The building was occupied for school purposes for 
nearly ten years. About a year after the first cabin was built at Oskaloosa, a 
log school house was built, in which school was opened by Samuel W. Caldwell 
in 1844. 

At Fort Des Moines, now the capital of the State, the first school was 
taught by Lewis Whitten, Clerk of the District Court in the Winter of 1846-7, 
in one of the rooms on " Coon Row," built for barracks. 

The first school in Pottawattomie County was opened by George Green, a 
Mormon, at Council Point, prior to 1849 ; and until about 1854, nearly, if not 
quite, all the teachers in that vicinity were Mormons. 

The first school in Decorah Avas taught in 1853, by T. W. Burdick, then a 
young man of seventeen. In Osceola, the first school Avas opened by Mr. D. 
W. Scoville. The first school at Fort Dodge was taught in 1855, by Cyrus C. 
Carpenter, since Governor of the State. In Crawford County, the first school 
house was built in Mason's Grove, in 1856, and Morris McHenry first occupied 
it as teacher. 

During the first twenty years of the history of Iowa, the log school house pre- 
vailed, and in 1861, there were 893 of these primitive structures in use for 
school purposes in the State. Since that time they have been gradually dis- 
appearing. In 1865, there were 796; in 1870, 336, and in 1875, 121. 

Iowa Territory Avas created July 3, 1838. January 1, 1839, the Territorial 
Legislature passed an act pi'oviding that " there shall be established a common 
school, or schools in each of the counties in this Territory, which shall be 
open and free for every class of white citizens betAveen the ages of five and 
twenty-one years." The second section of the act provided that "the County 
Board shall, from time to time, form such districts in their respective counties 
whenever a petition may be presented for the purpose by a majority of the 
voters resident within such contemplated district." These districts ay ere gov- 
erned by boards of trustees, usually of three persons ; each district was required 



220 HISTORY OF THE STATK OF IOWA. 

to inaiutain school at least tlirce inontlis in every year ; and later, laws were 
enacted providing for county school taxes for the payment of teachers, and that 
whatever additional sum might be required should be assessed upon the parents 
sending, in jiroportion to the length of time sent. 

When Iowa Territory became a State, in 1846, with a population of 100,- 
000, and witii 20,000 scholars within its limits, about four hundred school dis- 
tricts had been organized. In 1850, there were 1,200, and in 1857, the 
number had increased to 3,265. 

In March, 1858, upon the recommendation of Hon. M. L. Fisher, then Su- 
perintendent of Public Instruction, the Seventh General Assembly enacted that 
" each civil township is declared a school district," and provided that these should 
be divided into sub-districts. This law^ went into force March 20, 1858, and 
reduced the number of school districts from about 3,500 to less than 900. 

This change of school organization resulted in a very material reduction of 
the expenditures for the compensation of District Secretaries and Treasurers. 
An effort was made for several years, from 1867 to 1872, to abolish the sub- 
district system. Mr. Kiss -11, Superintendent, recommended, in his report of 
January 1, 1872, and Governor Merrill forcibly endorsed his views in his annual 
message. But the Legislature of that year provided for the formation of inde- 
pendent districts from the sub-districts of district townships. 

The system of graded schools was inaugurated in 1849 ; and new schools, in 
which more than one teacher is employed, are universally graded. 

The first official mention of Teachers' Institutes in the educational records 
of Iowa occurs in the annual report of Hon. Thomas H. Benton, Jr., made 
December 2, 1850, who said, "An institution of this character was organized a 
few years ago, composed of the teachers of the mineral regions of Illinois, 
Wisconsin and Iowa. vXn association of teachers has, also, been formed in the 
county of Henry, and an effort was made in October last to organize a regular 
institute in the county of Jones." At that time — although the beneficial 
inlluence of these institutes was admitted, it was urged that the expenses of 
attending them was greater than teachers with limited compensation were able 
to bear. To obviate this objection, Mr. Benton recommended that '' the sum of 
^150 should be appropriated annually for three years, to be drawn in install- 
ments of $50 each by the Superintendent of Public Instruction, and expended 
for these institutions." He proposed that three institutes should be held annu- 
ally at points to be designated by the Superintendent. 

No legislation in this direction, however, was had until March, 1858, when 
an act was passed authorizing the holding of teachers' institutes for periods not 
less than six working days, whenever not less than thirty teachers sliould desire. 
The Sui)erintendent was authorized to expend not exceeding $100 for any one 
institute, to be paid out by the County Superintendent as the institute might 
<lirect for teachers and lecturers, and one thousand dollars was appropriated to 
defray the expenses of these institutes. 

December 6, 1858, Mr. Fisher reported to the Board of Education that 
institutes had ])ecn a))p()inted in twenty counties within the preceding six months, 
and more would have been, but the appropriation had been exhausted. 

The Board of Education at its first session, commencing December 6, 1858, 
enacted a code of school laws Avhich retained the existing provisions for teachers' 
institutes. 

In March, 1860, the General Assembly amended the act of the Board by 
appropriating " a sum not exceeding fifty dollars annually for one such institute, 
held as provided by law in each countv."' 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 221 

In 1865, Mr. Faville reported that " the provision made by the State for the 
benefit of teachers' institutes has never been so fully appreciated, both by the 
people and the teachers, as during the last two years." 

By act approved March 19, 1874, Normal Institutes were established in 
each county, to be held annually by the County Superintendent. This was 
regarded as a very decided step in advance by Mr. Abernethy, and in 1876 the 
Sixteenth General Assembly established the first permanent State Normal 
School at Cedar Falls, Black Hawk County, appropriating the building and 
property of the Soldiers' Orphans' Home at that place for that purpose. This 
school is noAV " in tlie full tide of successful experiment." 

The public school system of Iowa is admirably organizM, and if the various 
officers Avho are entrusted with the educational interests of the commonwealth 
are faithful and competent, should and will constantly improve. 

" The public schools are supported by funds arising from several sources. 
The sixteenth section of every Congressional Township was set apart by the 
General Government for school purposes, being one-thirty-sixth part of all the 
lands of the State. The minimum price of these lands was fixed at one dollar 
and twenty-five cents per acre. Congress also made an additional donation to 
the State of five hundred thousand acres, and an appropriation of five per cent, 
on all the sales of public lands to the school fund. The State gives to this 
fund the proceeds of the sales of all lands Aviiich escheat to it ; the proceeds of 
all fines for the violation of the liquor and criminal laws. The money derived 
from these sources constitutes the permanent school fund of the State, which 
cannot be diverted to any other purpose. The penalties collected by the courts 
for fines and forfeitures go to the school fund in the counties wliere collected. 
The proceeds of the sale of lands and the five per cent, fund go into the State 
Treasury, and the State distributes these proceeds to the several counties accord- 
ing to their request, and the counties loan the money to individuals for long 
terms at eight per cent, interest, on security of land valued at three times the 
amount of the loan, exclusive of all buildings and improvements thereon. The 
interest on these loans is paid into the State Treasury, and becomes the avail- 
able school fund of the State. The counties are responsible to the State for all 
money so loaned, and the State is likewise responsible to the school fund for all 
moneys transferred to the counties. The interest on these loans is apportioned 
by the State Auditor semi-annually to the several counties of the State, in pro- 
portion to the number of persons between the ages of five and twenty-one years. 
The counties also levy an annual tax for school purposes, which is apportioned 
to the several district townships in the same way. A district tax is also 
levied for the same purpose. The money arising from these several sources 
constitutes the support of the public schools, and is sufficient to enable 
every sub-district in the State to afford from six to nine months' school 
each year." 

The taxes levied for the support of schools are self-imposed. Under the 
admirable school laws of the State, no taxes can be legally assessed or collected 
for the erection of school houses until they have been ordered by the election of 
the district at a school meeting legally called. The school houses of Iowa are 
the ])ride of the State and an honor to the people. If they have been some- 
times built at a prodigal expense, the tax payers have no one to blame but 
themselves. The teachers' and contingent funds are determined by the Board of 
Directors under certain legal restrictions. These boards are elected annually, 
except in the independent districts, in which the board may be entirely changed 
every three years. The only exception to this mode of levying taxes for support 



222 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

of schools is the county school tax, which is determined by the County Board 
of Supervisors. The tax is from one to three mills on the dollar ; usually, 
however, but one. Mr. Abernethy, who was Superintendent of Public Instruc- 
tion from 1872 to 1877, said in one of his reports : 

There is but little opposition to the levy of taxes for the support of schools, and there 
would be still less if the funds were always properly guarded and judiciously expended. How- 
ever much our people disagree upon other subjects, they are practically united upon this. 
The opposition of wealth has long since ceased to exist, and our wealthy men are usually the 
most liberal in their views and the most active friends of popular education.^ They are often 
found upon our school boards, and usually make the best of school officers. It is not uncommon 
for Boards of Directors, especially in the larger towns and cities, to be composed wholly of men 
who represent the enterprise, wealth and business of their cities. 

At the close of 1877, there were 1,086 township districts, 3,138 indepen- 
dent districts and 7,015 sub-districts. There were 9,948 ungraded and 47G 
graded schools, Avith an average annual session of seven months and five days. 
There were 7,348 male teachers employed, whose average compensation Avas 
^34.88 per month, and 12,518 female teachers, with an average compensation 
of ^28.69 per month. 

The number of persons between the ages 5 and 21 years, in 1877, was 
667,859; number enrolled in public schools, 421,163; total average attendance, 
251,372; average cost of tuition per month, $1.62. There are 9,279 frame, 
671 brick, 257 stone and 89 log school houses, making a grand total of 10,296, 
valued at $9,044,973. The public school libraries number 17,329 volumes. 
Ninety-nine teachers' institutes were held during 1877. Teachers' salaries 
amounted to $2,953,645. There was expended for school houses, grounds, 
libraries and apparatus, $1,106,788, and for fuel and other contingencies, 
$1,136,995, making the grand total of $5,197,428 expended by the generous 
people of Iowa for the support of their magnificent public schools in a single 
year. The amount of the permanent school fund, at the close of 1877, was 
$3,462,000. Annual interest, $276,960. 

In 1857, there were 3,265 independent districts, 2,708 ungraded schools, 
and 1,572 male and 1,424 female teachers. Teachers' salaries amounted to 
$198,142, and the total expenditures for schools was only $364,515. Six hun- 
dred and twenty-three volumes were the extent of the public school libraries 
twenty years ago, and there were only 1,686 school houses, valued at $571,064. 

In twenty years, teachers' salaries have increased from $198,142, in 1857, 
to $2,953,645 in 1877. Total school expenditures, from $364,515 to 
$5,197,428. 

The significance of such facts as these is unmistakable. Such lavish expen- 
ditures can only be accounted for by the liberality and public spirit of the 
people, all of whom manifest their love of popular education and their faith in 
the public schools by the annual dedication to their support of more than one 
per cent, of their entire taxable property; this, too, uninterruptedly through a 
series of years, commencing in the midst of a war which taxed their energies and 
resources to the extreme, and continuing through years of general depression in 
business — years of moderate yield of produce, of discouragingly low prices, and 
even amid the scanty surrouri(lino;s and privations of pioneer life. Few human 
enterprises have a grander significance or give evidence of a more noble purpose 
t.iian the generous contributions from the scanty resources of the pioneer for the 
purposes of public education. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 223 

POLITICAL RECORD. 

TERRITORIAL OFFICERS. 

G-overnors — Robert Lucas, 1838-41 ; John Chambers, 1841-45 ; James 
Clarke, 1845. 

Secretaries — William B. Conway, 1838, died 1839 ; James Clarke, 1839 ; 
0. H. W. Stull, 1841 ; Samuel J. Burr, 1843 ; Jesse Williams, 1845. 

Auditors — Jesse Williams, 1840 ; Wm. L. Gilbert, 1843 • Robert M. 
Secrest, 1845. 

Treasurer's — Thornton Bayliss, 1839 ; Morgan Reno, 1840. 

Judges — Charles Mason, Chief Justice, 1838 ; Joseph Williams, 1838 ; 
Thomas S. Wilson, 1838. 

Presidents of Council — Jesse B. Browne, 1838-i) ; Stephen Hempstead, 
1839-40; M. Bainridge, 1840-1; Jonathan W. Parker, 1841-2; John D. 
Elbert, 1842-3 ; Thomas Cox, 1843-4 ; S. Clinton Hastings, 1845 ; Stephen 
Hempstead, 1845-6. 

Speakers of the House — William H. Wallace, 1838-9 ; Edward Johnston, 
1839-40 ; Thomas Cox, 1840-1 ; Warner Lewis, 1841-2 ; James M. Morgan, 
1842-3; James P. Carleton, 1843-4; James M. Morgan, 1845; George W. 
McCleary, 1845-6. 

First Constitutional Convention^ 184-4- — Shepherd Leffler, President ; Geo. 
S. Hampton, Secretary. 

Second Constitutional Convention^ 1846 — Enos Lowe, President ; William 
Thompson, Secretary. 

OFFICERS OF THE STATE GOVERNMENT. 

Governors — Ansel Briggs, 1846 to 1850 ; Stephen Hempstead, 1850 to 
1854; James W. Grimes, 1854 to 1858; Ralph P. Lowe, 1858 to 1860; Sam- 
uel J. Kirkwood, 1860 to 1864 ; William M. Stone, 1864 to 1868 ; Samuel 
Morrill, 1868 to 1872 ; Cyrus C. Carpenter, 1872 to 1876 ; Samuel J. Kirk- 
wood, 1876 to 1877; Joshua G. Newbold, Acting, 1877 to 1878; John H. 
Gear, 1878 to . 

Lieutenant Governor — Office created by the new Constitution September 3, 
1857— Oran Faville, 1858-9 ; Nicholas J. Rusch, 1860-1 ; John R. Needham, 
1862-3; Enoch W. Eastman, 1864-5; Benjamin F. Gue, 1866-7; John 
Scott, 1868-9; M. M. Walden, 1870-1; H. C. Bulis, 1872-3; Joseph Dy- 
sart, 1874-5 ; Joshua G. Newbold, 1876-7 ; Frank T. Campbell, 1878-9. 

Secretaries of State — Elisha Cutler, Jr., Dec. 5, 1846, to Dec. 4, 1848 ; 
Josiah H. Bonney, Dec. 4, 1848, to Dec. 2, 1850; George W. McCleary, Dec. 
2, 1850, to Dec. 1, 1856 ; Elijah Sells, Dec. 1, 1856, to Jan. 5, 1863 ; James 
Wright, Jan. 5, 1863, to Jan. 7, 1867 ; Ed. Wright, Jan. 7, 1867, to Jan. 6, 
1873; Josiah T. Young, Jan. 6, 1873, to . 

Auditors of ,Sto«e— Joseph T. Fales, Dec. 5, 1846, to Dec. 2, 1850 ; Will- 
iam Pattee, Dec. 2, 1850, to Dec. 4, 1854 ; Andrew J. Stevens, Dec. 4, 1854, 
resigned in 1855 ; John Pattee, Sept. 22, 1855, to Jan. 3, 1859 ; Jonathan 
W. Cattell, 1859 to 1865 ; John A. Elliot, 1865 to 1871 ; John Russell, 1871 
to 1875 ; Buren R. Sherman, 1875 to . 

Treasurers of State — Morgan Reno, Dec. 18, 1846, to Dec. 2, 1850 ; 
Israel Kister, Dec. 2, 1850, to Dec. 4, 1852 ; Martin L. Morris, Dec. 4, 18512, 
to Jan. 2, 1859 ; John W. Jones, 1859 to 1863 ; William H. Holmes, 1863 to 



224 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

1867 : Samuel E. Rankin, 1867 to 1873 ; William Christy, 1873 to 1877 ; 
George AV. Bemis, 1877 to . 

Superintendents of Public Instruction— Of^ce created in 1847— James Harlan, 
June 5, 1845 (Supreme Court decided election void) ; Thomas H. Benton, Jr., 
May 23, 1844, to June 7, 1854 ; James D. Eads, 1854-7 ; Joseph C. Stone, 
March to June, 1857 ; Maturin L. Fisher, 1857 to Dec, 1858, when the office 
was abolished and the duties of the office devolved upon the Secretary of the 
Board of Education. 

Secretaries of Board of Education — Thomas H. Benton, Jr., 1859-1863; 
Oran Faville, Jan. 1, 1864. Board abolished March 23, 1864. 

Superintendents of Public Instruction — Office re-created March 23, 1864 — 
Oran Faville, March 28, 1864, resigned March 1, 1867 ; D. Franklin Wells, 
March 4, 1867, to Jan., 1870 ; A. S. Kissell, 1870 to 1872 ; Alonzo Abernethy, 
1872 to 1877 ; Carl W. Von Coelln, 1877 to . 

State Binders— Of^ce created February 21, 1855— William M. Coles, May 
1, 1855, to May 1, 1859 ; Frank M. Mills, 1859 to 1867 ; James S. Carter, 
1867 to 1870; J. J. Smart, 1870 to 1874; H. A. Perkins, 1874 to 1875; 
James J. Smart, 1875 to 1876 ; H. A. Perkins, 1876 to . 

Registers of the State Land Office — Anson Hart, May 5, 1855, to May 
13, 1857 ; Theodore S. Parvin, May 13, 1857, to Jan. 3, 1859 ; Amos B. 
Miller, Jan. 3, 1859, to October, 1862 ; Edwin Mitchell, Oct. 31, 1862, to 
Jan 5, 1863 ; Josiah A. Harvey, Jan. 5, 1863, to Jan. 7, 1867 ; Cyrus C. 
Carpenter, Jan. 7, 1867, to January, 1871 ; Aaron Brown, January, 1871, to 
to January, 1875; David Secor, January, 1875, to . 

State Printers — Office created Jan. 3, 1840 — Garrett D. Palmer and 
George Paul, 1849; William H. Merritt, 1851 to 1853; William A. Hornish, 
1853 (resigned May 16, 1853); Mahoney & Dorr, 1853 to 1855; Peter 
Moriarty, 1855 to 1857 ; John Teesdale, 1857 to 1861 ; Francis W. Palmer, 
1861 to 1869; Frank M. Mills, 1869 to 1870; G. W. Edwards, 1870 to 

1872 ; R. P. Clarkson, 1872 to . 

Adjutants Creneral — Daniel S. Lee, 1851-5 ; Geo. W. McCleary, 1855-7 ; 
Elijah Sells, 1857 ; Jesse Bowen, 1857-61 ; Nathaniel Baker, 1861 to 1877 ; 

John H. Looby, 1877 to . 

Attorneys 6rmeraZ— David C. Cloud, 1853-56 ; Samuel A. Rice, 1856-60: 
Charles C. Nourse, 1861-4; Isaac L. Allen, 1865 (resigned January, 1866); 
Frederick E. Bissell, 1866 (died June 12, 1867); Henry O'Connor, 1867-72; 
Marscna E. Cutts, 1872-6 ; John F. McJunkin, 1877. 

Presidents of the Senate — Thomas Baker, 1846-7 ; Thomas Hughes, 
1848; John J. "Selman, 1848-9; Enos Lowe, 1850-1; William E. Leffing- 
well, 1852-3; Maturin L. Fisher, 1854-5; William W. Hamilton, 1856-7. 
Under the new Constitution, the Lieutenant Governor is President of the 
Senate. 

Speakers of the House — Jesse B. Brown, 1847-8; Smiley H. Bonhan, 
1849-50; George Temple, 1851-2; James Grant, 1853-4; Reuben Noble, 
1855-6 ; Samuel McFarland, 1856-7 ; Stephen B. Sheledy, 1858-9 ; John 
Edwards, 1860-1; Rush Clark, 1862-3; Jacob Butler, 1864-5; Ed. Wright, 
1866-7 ; John Russell, 1868-9 ; Aylett R. Cotton, 1870-1 ; James Wilson, 
1872-3; John H. Gear, 1874-7; John Y. Stone, 1878. 

New Constitutional Convention, 1859 — Francis Springer, President ; Thos. 
J. Saunders, Secretary. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA, 225 

STATE OFFICERS, 1878. 

John H. Gear, Governor; Frank T. Campbell, Lieutenant Governor; Josiah 
T. Young, Secretary of State; Buren R. Sherman, Auditor of State; George 
W. Bemis, Treasurer of State; David Secor, Register of State Land Office; 
John H. Looby, Adjutant General; John F. McJunken, Attorney General; 
Mrs. Ada North, State Librarian; Edward J. Holmes, Clerk Supreme Court; 
John S. Runnells, Reporter Supreme Court; Carl W. Von Coelln, Superintend- 
ent Public Instruction; Richard P. Clarkson, State Printer; Henry A. Perkins, 
State Binder; Prof. Nathan R. Leonard, Superintendent of Weights and 
Measures; William H. Fleming, Governor's Private Secretary; Fletcher W. 
Young, Deputy Secretary of State; John C. Parish, Deputy Auditor of State; 
Erastus G. Morgan, Deputy Treasurer of State; John M. Davis, Deputy Reg- 
ister Land Office; Ira C. Kling, Deputy Superintendent Public Instruction. 

THE JUDICIARY. 

SUPBEME COURT OF IOWA. 

Chief Justices. — Charles Mason, resigned in June, 1847; Joseph Williams, 
Jan., 1847, to Jan., 1848; S. Clinton Hastings, Jan., 1848, to Jan., 1849; Joseph 
Williams, Jan., 1849, to Jan. 11, 1855; Geo. G. Wright, Jan. 11, 1855, to Jan., 
1860 ; Ralph P. Lowe, Jan., 1860, to Jan. 1, 1862 ; Caleb Baldwin, Jan., 1862, to 
Jan., 1864; Geo. G. Wright, Jan., 1864, toJan., 1866; Ralph P. Lowe, Jan., 1866, 
to Jan., 1868; John F. Dillon, Jan., 1868, to Jan., 1870; Chester C. Cole, Jan. 
1, 1870, to Jan. 1, 1871; James G. Day, Jan. 1, 1871, to Jan. 1, 1872; Joseph 
M. Beck, Jan. 1, 1872, to Jan. 1, 1874; W. E. Miller, Jan. 1, 1874, to Jan. 1, 
1876; Chester C. Cole, Jan. 1, 1876, to Jan. 1, 1877; James G. Day, Jan. 1, 
1877, to Jan. 1, 1878; James H. Rothrock, Jan. 1, 1878. 

Associate Judges. — Joseph Williams; Thomas S. Wilson, resigned Oct., 
1847; John F. Kinney, June 12, 1847, resigned Feb. 15, 1854; George 
Greene. Nov. 1, 1847, to Jan. 9, 1855; Jonathan C. Hall, Feb. 15, 1854, to 
succeed Kinney, resigned, to Jan., 1855; William G. Woodward, Jan. 9, 1855; 
Norman W. Isbell, Jan. 16, 1855, resigned 1856; Lacen D. Stockton, June 3, 
1856, to succeed Isbell, resigned, died June 9, 1860; Caleb Baldwin, Jan. 11, 
1860, to 1864 ; Ralph P. Lowe, Jan. 12, 1860 ; George G. Wright, June 26, 
1860, to succeed Stockton, deceased; elected U. S. Senator, 1870; John F. Dil- 
lon, Jan. 1, 1864, to succeed Baldwin, resigned, 1870; Chester C. Cole. March 
1, 1864, to 1877; Joseph M. Beck, Jan. 1, 1868; W. E. Miller, October 11, 
1864, to succeed Dillon, resigned; James G. Day, Jan. 1, 1871, to succeed 
Wright. 

SUPREME COURT, 1878. 

James H. Rothrock, Cedar County, Chief Justice; Joseph M. Beck, Lee 
County, Associate Justice ; Austin Adams, Dubuque County, Associate Justice ; 
William H. Seevers, Oskaloosa County, Associate Justice; James G. Day, Fre- 
mont County, Associate Justice. 

CONGRESSIONAL REPRESENTATION. 

UNITED STATES SENATORS. 

(The first General Assembly failed to elect Senators.) 

George W. Jones, Dubuque, Dec. 7, 1848-1858 ; Augustus C. Dodge, Bur- 
lington, Dec. 7, 1848-1855; James Harlan, Mt. Pleasant, Jan. 6, 1855-1865; 
James W. Grimes, Burlington, Jan. 26, 1858-died 1870 ; Samuel J. KirTiwood, 
Iowa City, elected Jan. 13, 1866, to fill vacancy caused by resignation of James 



226 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

Harlan ; James Harlan, Mt. Pleasant, March 4, 1866-1872 ; James B. Howell, 
Keokuk, elected Jan. 20, 1870, to fill vacancy caused by the death of J. W. 
Grimes— term expired March 3d ; George G. Wright, Des Moines, March 4, 
1871-1877; William B. Allison, Dubuque, March 4, 1872; Samuel J. Kirk- 
wood. March 4, 1877. 

MBBIBEKS OK HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. 

Twenty-ninth Congress— 184.6 to 184?.— S. Clinton Hastings; Shepherd 
Lefflcr. 

Thirtieth Cowiress— 184-7 to i5^P.— First District, William Thompson; 
Second District, Shepherd Leffler. 

Thirtif-first Congress— 1849 to 1851.— F'lmi District, First Session, Wm. 
Tiioiupson ; unseated by the House of Representatives on a contest, and election 
remanded to the people. First District, Second Session, Daniel F. Miller. 
Second District, Shepherd Leffler. 

Thirtg- second Congress — 1851 to 185S. — First District, Bernhart Henn. 
Second District. Lincoln Clark. 

Thirty-third Congress — 1853 to 1855. — First District, Bernhart Henn. 
Second District, John P. Cook. 

Thirty-fourth Congress — 1855 to 1857. — First District, Augustus Hall. 
Second District, James Thorington. 

Thirty-fifth Congress — 1857 to 1859.— First District, Samuel R. Curtis. 
Second District, Timothy Davis. 

Thirty-sixth Congress — 1859 to 1861. — First District, Samuel R. Curtis. 
Second District, William Vandever. 

Tliirty-seventh Congress — 1861 to 1863. — First District, First Session, 
Samuel R. Curtis.* First District, Second and Third Sessions, James F. Wil- 
son. Second District, William Vandever. 

Thirty-eighth Congress — 1863 to 1865. — First District, James F. Wilson. 
Second District, Hiram Price. Third District, William B. Allison. Fourth 
District, Josiah B. Griunell. Fifth District, John A. Kasson. Sixth District, 
Asahel W. Hubbard. 

Thirty-ninth Congress — 1865 to 1867. — First District, James F. Wilson ; 
Second District, Hiram Price ; Third District, William B. Allison ; Fourth 
District, Josiah B. Grinnell ; Fifth District, John A. Kasson ; Sixth District, 
Asahel W. Hubbard. 

Fortieth Congress — 1867 to 1869. — First District, James F. Wilson ; Sec- 
ond District, Hiram Price ; Third District, William B. Allison, Fourth District, 
William Loughridge; Fifth District, Grenville M. Dodge; Sixth District, 
Asahel W. Hubljard. 

Forty-first Congress — 1869 to 1871. — First District, George W. McCrary ; 
Second District, William Smyth ; Third District, William B. Allison ; Fourth 
District, William Loughridge ; Fifth District, Frank W. Palmer ; Sixth Dis- 
trict, Charles Pomeroy. 

Forty-second Congress— 1871 to 1873.— Ywsi District, George W. Mc- 
Crary ; Second District, Aylett R. Cotton ; Third District, W. G. Donnan ; 
Fourth District, Madison M. Waldon ; Fifth District, Frank W. Palmer ; Sixth 
District, Jackson Orr. 

Forty-third Congress— 1873 to 1875.— Yirst District, George W. McCrary ; 
Second District, Aylett R. Cotton ; Third District, William Y. Donnan ; Fourth 
District, Henry 6. Pratt; Fifth District, James Wilson; Sixth District, 

' Vacated seat by acceptance of commission as Brigadier General, and .1. F. Wilson chosen his successor. 




/#xi^^ .j7r/^/^Jji/<^ 




GREELEY 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 229 

William Loughridge ; Seventh District, John A, Kasson ; Eighth District, 
James W. McDill ; Ninth District, Jackson Orr. 

Forty-fourth Congress — 1S75 to 1877. — First District, George W. Mc- 
Crary ; Second District, John Q. Tufts ; Third District, L. L. Ainsworth ; 
Fourth District, Henry 0. Pratt ; Fifth District, James Wilson ; Sixth District, 
Ezekiel S. Sampson ; Seventh District, John A. Kasson ; Eighth District, 
James W. McDill ; Fifth District, Addison Oliver. 

Forty-fifth Congress — 1877 to 1879. — First District, J. C. Stone; Second 
District, Hiram Price ; Third District, T. W. Burdick ; Fourth District, H. C. 
Deering ; Fifth District, Rush Clark ; Sixth District, E. S. Sampson ; 
Seventh District, H. J. B. Cummings ; Eighth District, W. F. Sapp ; Ninth 
District, Addison Oliver. 

WAR RECORD. 

The State of Iowa may vrell be proud of her record during the War of the 
Rebellion, from 1861 to 1865. The following brief but comprehensive sketch of 
the history she made during that trying period is largely from the pen of Col. A. 
P. Wood, of Dubuque, the author of " The History of Iowa and the War," one 
of the best works of the kind yet written. 

" Whether in the promptitude of her responses to the calls made on her by 
the General Government, in the courage and constancy of her soldiery in the 
field, or in the wisdom and efficiency with which her civil administration was 
conducted during the trying period covered by the War of the Rebellion, Iowa 
proved herself the peer of any loyal State. The proclamation of her Governor, 
responsive to that of the President, calling for volunteers to compose her First 
Regiment, was issued on the fourth day after the fall of Sumter. At the end 
of only a single week, men enough were reported to be in quarters (mostly in 
the vicinity of their own homes) to fill the regiment. These, however, were 
hardly more than a tithe of tlie number who had been offered by company com- 
manders for acceptance under the President's call. So urgent were these offers 
that the Governor requested (on the 24th of April) permission to organize an 
additional regiment. While awaiting an answer to this request, he conditionally 
accepted a sufficient number of companies to compose two additional regiments. 
In a short time, he was notified that both of these would be accepted. Soon 
after the completion of the Second and Third Regiments (which was near the 
close of May), the Adjutant General of the State reported that upward of one 
hundred and seventy companies had been tendered to the Governor to serve 
against the enemies of the Union. 

" Much difficulty and considerable delay occured in fitting these regiments 
for the field. For the First Infantry a complete outfit (not uniform) of clothino- 
was extemporized — principally by the volunteered labor of loyal Avomen in the 
different towns — from material of various colors and qualities, obtained within 
the limits of the State. The same was done in part for the Second Infantry. 
Meantime, an extra session of the General Assemblv had been called by the 
Governor, to convene on the 15th of May. With but little delay, that body 
authorized a loanof |800,000, to meet the extraordinary expenses incurred, and 
to be incurred, by the Executive Department, in consequence of the new emer- 
gency. A wealthy merchant of the State (Ex-Governor Merrill, then a resident 
of McGregor) immediately took from the Governor a contract to supply a com- 
plete outfit of clothing for the three regiments organized, agreeing to receive, 
.should the Governor so elect, his pay therefor in State bonds at par. This con- 



230 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

tract he executed to the letter, and a portion of the clothing (which was manu- 
factured in Boston, to his order) was delivered at Keokuk, the place at which 
the troops had rendezvoused, in exactly one month from the day on which the 
contract had been entered into. The remainder arrived only a few days later. 
This clothing was delivered to the regiment, but was subsequently condemned 
by the Government, for the reason that its color was gray, and blue had been 
adopted as the color to be worn by the national troops." 

Other States also clothed their troops, sent forward under the first call of 
President Lincoln, with gray uniforms, but it was soon found that the con- 
federate forces were also clothed in gray, and that color was at once abandoned 
by the Union troops. If both armies were clothed alike, annoying if not fatal 
mistakes were liable to be made. 

But Miiile engaged in these efforts to discharge her whole duty in common with 
all the other UiiTon-loving States in the great emergency, Iowa was compelled 
to make immediate and ample provision for the protection of her own borders, 
from threatened invasion on the south by the Secessionists of Missouri, and 
from dantrer of incursions from the west and northwest by bands of hostile 
Indians, who were freed from the usual restraint imposed upon them by the 
presence of regular troops stationed at the frontier posts. These troops were 
withdrawn to meet the greater and more pressing danger threatening the life of 
the nation at its very heart. 

To provide for the adequate defense of her borders from the ravages of both 
rebels in arms against the Government and of the more irresistible foes from 
the Western plains, the Governor of the State was authorized to raise and equip 
two regiments of infantry, a squadron of cavalry (not less than five companies) 
and a battalion of artillery (not less than three companies.) Only cavalry were 
enlisted for home defense, however, "but," says Col. Wood, "in times of special 
danger, or when calls were made by the Unionists of Northern Missouri tor 
assistance against their disloyal enemies, large numbers of militia on foot often 
turned out, and remained in the field until the necessity for their services had 
passed. 

" The first order for the Iowa volunteers to move to the field was received 
on the 13th of June. It was issued by Gen. Lyon, then commanding the 
United States forces in Missouri. The First and Second Infantry immediately 
embarked in steamboats, and moved to Hannibal. Some two weeks later, the 
Third Infantry was ordered to the same point. These three, together with 
many other of the earlier organized Iowa regiments, rendered their first field 
service in Missouri. The First Infantry formed a part of the little army with 
which Gen. Lyon moved on Springfield, and fought the bloody battle of Wilson's 
Creek. It received unqualified praise for its gallant bearing on the field. In 
the following month (September), the Third Iowa, with but very slight support, 
fought with honor the sanguinary engagement of Blue Mills Landing; and in 
November, the Seventh Iowa, as a part of a force commanded by Gen. Grant, 
greatly distinguished itself in the battle of Belmont, where it poured out its 
blood like water — losing more than half of the men it took into action. 

" The initial operations in which the battles referred to took place were fol- 
lowed by the more important movements led by Gen. Grant, Gen. Curtis, of 
this State, and other commanders, which resulted in defeating the armies 
defending the chief strategic lines held by the Confederates in Kentucky, Tenn- 
nessee, Missouri and Arkansas, and compelling their withdrawal from much of 
the territory previously controlled by them in those States. In these and other 
movements, down to the grand culminating campaign by which Vicksburg was 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 231 

captured and the Confederacy permanently severed on the line of the Mississippi 
River, Iowa troops took part in steadily increasing numbers. In the investment 
and siege of Vicksburg, the State was represented by thirty regiments and two 
batteries, in addition to Avhich, eight regiments and one battery were employed 
on the outposts of the besieging army. The brilliancy of their exploits on the 
many fields where they served won for them the highest meed of praise, both 
in military and civil circles. Multiplied were the terms in which expression 
was given to this sentiment, but these words of one of the journals of a neigh- 
boring State, 'The Iowa troops have been heroes among heroes,' embody the 
spirit of all. 

" In the veteran re-enlistments that distinguished the closing months of 1863 
above all other periods in the history of re-enlistments for the national armies, 
the Iowa three years' men (wlio were relatively more numerous than those of any 
other State) were prompt to set the example of volunteering for another terra of 
equal length, thereby adding many thousands to the great army of those who 
gave this renewed and practical assurance that the cause of the Union should 
not be left without defenders. 

" In all the important movements of 1864-65, by which the Confederacy 
was penetrated in every quarter, and its military power finally overthrown, the 
Iowa troops took part. Their drum-beat was heard on the banks of every great 
river of the South, from the Potomac to the Rio Grande, and everywhere they 
rendered the same faithful and devoted service, maintaining on all occasions their 
wonted reputation for valor in the field and endurance on the march. 

" Two Iowa three-year cavalry regiments were employed during their whole 
term of service in the operations that were in progress from 1863 to 1866 
against the hostile Indians of the western plains. A portion of these men were 
among the last of the volunteer troops to be mustered out of service. The State 
also supplied a considerable number of men to the navy, who took part in most 
of the naval operations prosecuted against the Confederate power on the Atlantic 
and Gulf coasts, and the rivers of the West. 

" The people of Iowa were early and constant workers in the sanitary field, 
and by their liberal gifts and personal efl'orts for the benefit of the soldiery, 
placed their State in the front rank of those who became distinguished for their 
exhibitions of patriotic benevolence during the period covered by the war. 
Agents appointed by the Governor were stationed at points convenient for ren- 
dering assistance to the sick and needy soldiers of the State, while others were 
employed in visiting, from time to time, hospitals, camps and armies in the field, 
and doing whatever the circumstances rendered possible for the health and 
comfort of such of the Iowa soldiery as might be found there. 

" Some of the benevolent people of the State early conceived the idea of 
establishing a Home for such of the children of deceased soldiers as might be 
left in destitute circumstances. This idea first took form in 1863, and in the 
following year a Home was opened at Farmington, Van Buren County, in a 
building leased for that purpose, and which soon became filled to its utmost 
capacity. The institution received liberal donations from the general public, 
and also from the soldiers in the field. In 1865, it became necessary to pro- 
vide increased accommodations for the large number of children who were 
seeking the benefits of its care. This was done by establishing a branch 
at Cedar Falls, in Black Hawk County, and by securing, during the same 
year, for the use of the parent Home, Camp Kinsman near the City of 
Davenport. This property was soon afterward donated to the institution, by 
act of Congress. 



232 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

" In 1866, in pursuance of a law enacted for that purpose, the Soldiers' 
Orphans' Home (whicli then contained about four hundred and fifty inmates) 
became a State institution, and thereafter the sums necessary for its support were 
appropriated from the State treasury. A second branch was established at 
Glenwood, Mills County. Convenient tracts were secured, and valuable improve- 
ments made at all the different points. Schools were also established, and em- 
ployments provided for such of the children as were of suitable age. In all 
ways the provision made for these wards of the State has been such as to chal- 
lent^e the approval of every benevolent mind. The number of children who 
have been inmates of the Home from its foundation to the present time is 
considerably more than two thousand. 

" At the beginning of the war, the population of Iowa included about one 
hundred and fifty thousand men presumably liable to render military service. 
The State raisecl, for general service, thirty-nine regiments of infantry, nine 
regiments of cavalry, and four companies of artillery, composed of three years' 
men ; one regiment of infantry, composed of three months' men ; and four regi- 
ments and one battalion of infantry, composed of one hundred days' men. The 
original enlistments in these various organizations, including seventeen hundred 
and twenty-seven men raised by draft, numbered a little more than sixty-nine 
thousand. The re-enlistments, including upward of seven thousand veterans, 
numbered very nearly eiglit thousand. The enlistments in the regular army 
and navy, and organizations of other States, will, if added, raise the total to 
upward of eighty thousand. The number of men who, under special enlistments, 
and as militia, took part at different times in the operations on the exposed 
borders of the State, was probably as many as five thousand. 

" Iowa paid no bounty on account of the men she placed in the field. In 
some instances, toward the close of the war, bounty to a comparatively small 
amount was paid by cities and towns. On only one occasion — that of the call 
of July 18, 1864 — was a draft made in Iowa. This did not occur on account of 
her proper liability, as established by previous rulings of the War Department, 
to supply men under that call, but grew out of the great necessity that there 
existed for raising men. The Government insisted on temporarily setting aside, 
in part, the former rule of settlements, and enforcing a draft in all cases where 
subdistricts in any of the States should be found deficient in their supply of 
men. In no instance was Iowa, as a whole, found to be indebted to the General 
Government for men, on a settlement of her quota accounts." 

It is to be said to the honor and credit of Iowa that while many of the loyal 
States, older and larger in population and wealth, incurred heavy State debts 
for the purpose of fulfilling their obligations to the General Government, Iowa, 
while she was foremost in duty, while she promptly discharged all her obligations 
to lier sister States and the Union, found herself at the close of the war without 
any material addition to her pecuniary liabilities incurred before the war com- 
menced. Upon final settlement after the restoration of peace, her claims upon 
the Fe<leral Government were found to be fully equal to the amount of her bonds 
issued and sold during the war to provide the means for raising and equipping 
her troops sent into the field, and to meet the inevitable demands upon her 
treasury in consequence of the war. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 



233 



NUMBER OF TROOPS FURNISHED BY THE STATE OF IOWA 

DURING THE WAR OF THE REBELLION, 

TO JANUARY 1, 1865. 



No. Regiment. 



1st Iowa 

2d 

3d 

4th 

5th 

6th 

7th 

8th 

9th 
10th 
nth 
12th 
13th 
14th 
15th 
16th 
17th 
18th 
19th 
20th 
21st 
22d 
23d 
24th 
25th 
26th 
27th 
28th 
29th 
30th 
31st 
32d 
33d 
34th 
35th 
36th 
37th 
38th 



Infantry. 



No. of 
men 



959 
,247 
,074 
,184 
,037 
,013 
,138 
,027 
,090 
,027 
,022 
981 
989 
840 
,196 
919 
956 
875 
985 
925 
980 
,008 
961 
979 
995 
919 
940 
956 
,005 
978 
977 
925 
985 
958 
984 
986 
914 
910 



No. Regiment. 



39th Iowa Infantry 

40th " " 

41st Battalion Iowa Infantry 

44th Infantry (lOO-days men) 

45th " " " 

46th " " " 

47th " " " 

48th Battalion " " 

1st Iowa Cavalry 

2d «' " 

3d " " ..; 

4th " " 

5th " " 

6th " " 

7th " " 

8th " " 

9th " " 

Sioux City Cavalry* 

Co. A, 11th Penn. Cavalry 

1st Battery Artillery 

2d " " 

3d " " 

4th " " 

1st Iowa African Infantry, 60th U. Sf .. 

Dodge's Brigade Band 

Band of 2d Iowa Infantry 

Enlistments as far as reported to Jan. 1, 

1864, for the older Iowa regiments 

Enlistments of Iowa men in regiments 
of other States, over 



No. of 
men. 



Total 

Re-enlisted Veterans for different Regi- 
ments 

Additional enlistments 



Grand total as far as reported up to Jan. 
1, 1865 



933 

900 

294 

867 

912 

892 

884 

346 

1,478 

1,394 

1,360 

1,227 

1,245 

1,125 

562 

1,234 

1,178 

93 

87 

149 

123 

142 

152 

903 

14 

10 

2,765 

2,500 



61,653 

7,202 
6,664 



75,519 



This does not include those Iowa men who veteranized in the regiments of other States, nor 
the names of men who enlisted during 1864, in regiments of other States. 
* Afterward consolidated with Seventh Cavalry, 
f Only a portion of this regiment was credited to the State. 



234 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 



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238 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 



POPULATION OF IOWA, 
By Counties. 



COUNTIES. 


AGGREGATE. 


1875. 


1870. 


1860. 


1850. 


1840. Voters. 




7045 

7832 
19158 

2370 
17405 
28807 
22913 
17251 
13220 
17315 

3561 


3982 

4614 
17868 
164.56 

1212 
22454 
21706 
14584 
12528 
17034 

1585 


1 

984 

1533 

12-237 

11931 

454 

8496 

8244 

4232 

4915 

7906 

57 






1616 








1727 




777. 
3131. 




3653 






627 


Appanoose 




3679 




672 
135 

735 




4778 






4877 






3515 






2656 




517 




3890 






817 












11734 

3185 

5760 

10552 

17879 

6685 

4249 

11400 

10118 

3559 

27184 

34295 

6039 

14386 

15757 

13249 

16893 

35415 

1748 

43845 

1436 

20515 

13100 

6558 

13719 

7028 

8134 

963? 

7701 

148ii 

1502r 

1181? 

21594 

: 787C 

345f 

794 

17456 

2306] 

2412J 

1712' 

2465' 

1916J 


9951 

1602 

2451 

5464 

19731 

4722 

1967 

10180 

8735 

1523 

27771 

35357 

2530 

12019 

15565 

12018 

17432 

27256 

1389 

38969 

1392 

16973 

10768 

4738 

11173 

4627 

6399 

7061 

6055 

999 

13684 

8931 

21463 

628-2 

2596 

l' 22C 

)l 16644 

2-26 It 

i 22116 

r 1783t 

I 2489? 

i 1973] 


3724 

147 

281 

1612 

12949 

940 

58 

4336 

5427 

52 

20728 

18938 

383 

5244 

13764 

8677 

11024 

19611 

180 

31164 

105 

12073 

3744 

1309 

6074 

1374 

793 

3058 

1699 

179 

5440 

3621 

18701 

316? 

331 

4E 

802C 

1849S 

9883 

1503? 

1757S 

13306 






2598 








681 


rnrrnll 






1197 


("ass 






2422 


Cedar 


3941 


1253 


3934 




1526 








1001 








2392 


Clarke 


79 




2213 






868 




3873 
2822 


1101 
821 


5272 




5569 




1244 


Dallas 


854 

7264 

965 

1759 

12988 




3170 




3448 






2882 




168 
5677 


3662 




6654 




394 




10841 


3059 


8759 




299 




825 




4637 


Floyd 




2884 


Franklin 






1374 




1244 




2998 






1622 


Grundy 






1525 


Guthrie 






2339 


Hamilton 






1455 


Hancock 






303 


Hardin 






3215 


Harrison 






2658 


Henry 

Howard 


8707 


3772 


4641 
1712 


Humboldt 






695 


Ida 






172 


Iowa 


822 
7210 
128C 
9904 

4472 
) 3007 




3576 




1411 


4901 
5239 


Jasper 






2773 

1491 

471 


8721 
5225 
4180 


John'^on 


Jones 



* In 1862, name changed to Lyon. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

POPULATION OF IOWA— Concluded. 



239 



COUNTIES 


AGGREGATE. 




1875. 


1870. 


1860. 


1850. 1840. 


Toters. 




20488 

3765 

88913 

31815 

12499 

11725 

1139 

16030 

23718 

24094 

19629 

10555 

11523 

2267 

12811 

10389 

21623 

2349 

1778 

14274 

2728 

5282 

2249 

31558 

21665 

16482 

7546 

2873 

89763 

6664 

3720 

13111 

18771 

10418 

8827 

17980 

18541 

19269 

23865 

13978 

13114 

24233 

2986 

8568 

4908 

3244 


19484 

8351 

88210 

28852 

12877 

10388 

221 

13884 

22508 

24436 

17576 

8718 

9582 

3654 

12724 

5934 

21688 

715 


13271 
416 
29232 
18947 
10370 
5766 


4822 




4202 








773 




18861 

5444 

4939 

471 


6093 
1373 
1927 


5709 




7274 




2899 




2464 






287 




7839 

14816 

16813 

6015 

4481 

3409 

832 

8612 

1256 

16444 

8 


1179 

5989 

5482 




2632 






5287 






4988 




338 




4445 


Mills 






2365 


Mitchell 






2388 








1292 




2884 




2743 






2485 




5731 


1942 


6588 




595 








498 




9975 

1336 

2199 

1446 

27857 

16893 

15581 

5691 

1411 

38599 

2540 

576 

11651 

16131 

6989 

6986 

17672 

22346 

17980 

18952 

11287 

10484 

1562 

28570 

6172 

2892 

2392 


4419 

132 

148 

103 

11625 

4968 

5668 

2923 

246 

25959 

818 

10 

4051 

5285 

3590 

2012 

17081 

14518 

10281 

14235 

6409 

2504 

168 

13942 

1119 

756 

653 


551 




8222 


Palo Alto 




556 








1136 








464 


Polk 


4513 

7828 

615 





6842 






4392 






3634 






1496 








657 


Scott 


5986 


2140 


7109 


Shelby 


1084 








637 








2574 


Tama 


8 




3911 


Taylor 


204 




2282 


Union 






1924 




12270 
8471 

961 
4957 

340 


6146 


3893 


Wapello 


3923 






4168 




1594 


5346 




2947 


Webster 






3747 






4117 




546 




406 






1776 


Worth 


1 


763 






694 






Total 


1353118 


1191792 


674913 


192214| 43112 


284557 


* Formerly Buncombe. 





240 THE NORTHWESTERN STATES. 



ILLINOIS. 

Length, 380 miles, mean width about 156 miles. Area, 55,410 square 
miles, or 35,462,400 acres. Illinois, as regards its surface, constitutes a, 
table-land at a varying elevation ranging between 350 and 800 feet above 
the sea level ; composed of extensive and highly fertile prairies and plains. 
Much of the south division of the State, especially the river-bottoms, are 
thickly wooded. The prairies, too, have oasis-like clumps of trees 
scattered here and there at intervals. The chief rivers irrigating the 
State are the Mississippi — dividing it from Iowa and Missouri — the Ohio 
(forming its south barrier), the Illinois, Wabash, Kaskaskia, and San- 
gamon, with their numerous affluents. The total extent of navigable 
streams is calculated at 4,000 miles. Small lakes are scattered over vari- 
ous parts of the State. Illinois is extremely prolific in minerals, chiefly 
coal, iron, copper, and zinc ores, sulphur and limestone. The coal-field 
alone is estimated to absorb a full third of the entire coal-deposit of North 
America. Climate tolerably equable and healthy ; the mean temperature 
standing at about 51^ Fahrenheit As an agricultural region, Illinois takes 
a competitive rank with neighboring States, the cereals, fruits, and root- 
crops yielding plentiful returns ; in fact, as a grain-growing State, Illinois 
may be deemed, in proportion to her size, to possess a greater area of 
lands suitable for its production than any other State in the Union. Stock- 
raising is also largely carried on, while her manufacturing interests in 
regard of woolen fabrics, etc., are on a very extensive and yearly expand- 
ing scale. The lines of railroad in the State are among the most exten- 
sive of the Union. Inland water-carriage is facilitated by a canal 
connecting the Illinois River with Lake Michigan, and thence with the 
St. Lawrence and Atlantic. Illinois is divided into 102 counties ; the 
chief towns being Chicago, Springfield (capital), Alton, Quincy, Peoria, 
Galena, Bloomington, Rock Island, Vandalia, etc. By the new Consti- 
tution, established in 1870, the State Legislature consists of 51 Senators, 
elected for four years, and 153 Representatives, for two years ; which 
numbers were to be decennially increased thereafter to the number of 
six per every additional half-million of inhabitants. Religious and 
educational institutions are largely diffused throughout, and are in a very 
flourishing condition. Illinois has a State Lunatic and a Deaf and Dumb 
Asylum at Jacksonville ; a State Penitentiary at Joliet ; and a Home for 

(99) 



THE NORTHWESTERN STATES. 



241 



Soldiers' Orphans at Normal. On November 30, 1870, the public debt of 
the State was returned at $4,870,937, with a balance of $1,808,838 
unprovided for. At the same period the value of assessed and equalized 
property presented the following totals : assessed, $840,031,703 ; equal- 
ized $480,664,058. The name of Illinois, through nearly th^ whole of 
the eighteenth century, embraced most of the known regions north and 
west of Ohio. French colonists estabhshed themselves in 1678, at 
Cahokia and Kaskaskia, and the territory of which these settlements 
formed the nucleus was, in 1768, ceded to Great Britain in conjunction 
with Canada, and ultimately resigned to the United States in 1787. 
Illinois entered the Union as a State, December 3, 1818; and now sends 
19 Representatives to Congress. Population, 2,539,891, in 1870. 




242 THE NORTHWESTERN STATES. 



INDIANA. 

The profile of Indiana forms a nearly exact parallelogram, occupy- 
ing one of the most fertile portions of the great Mississippi Valley. The 
irreater extent of the surface embraced within its limits consists of gentle 
undulations rising into hilly tracts toward the Ohio bottom. The chief 
rivers of the State are the Ohio and Wabash, with their numerous 
affluents. The soil is highly productive of the cereals and grasses — most 
[larticularly so in the valleys of the Ohio, Wabash, Whitewater, and 
White Rivers. The northeast and central portions are well timbered 
with virgin forests, and the west section is notably rich in coal, constitut- 
ing an offshoot of the great Illinois carboniferous field. Iron, copper, 
marble, slate, gypsum, and various clays are also abundant. From an 
agricultural point of view, the staple products are maize and wheat, with 
the other cereals in lesser yields ; and besides these, flax, hemp, sorghum, 
hops, etc., are extensively raised. Indiana is divided into 92 counties, 
and counts among her principal cities and towns, those of Indianapolis 
(the capital). Fort Wayne, Evansville, Terre Haute, Madison, Jefferson- 
ville, Coli^mbus, Vincennes, South Bend, etc. The public institutions of 
the State are many and various, and on a scale of magnitude and 
efficiency commensurate with her important political and industrial status. 
Upward of two thousand miles of railroads permeate the State in all 
directions, and greatly conduce to the development of her expanding 
manufacturing interests. Statistics for the fiscal year terminating 
October 31, 1870, exhibited a total of receipts, $3,896,541 as against dis- 
bursements, $3,532,406, leaving a balance, $364,135 in favor of the State 
Treasury. The entire public debt, January 5, 1871, $3,971,000. This 
State was first settled by Canadian voyageurs in 1702, who erected a fort 
at Vincennes ; in 1763 it passed into the hands of the English, and was 
by the latter ceded to the United States in 1783. From 1788 till 1791, 
an Indian w^arefare prevailed. In 1800, all the region west and north of 
Ohio (then formed into a distinct territory) became merged in Indiana. 
In 1809, the present limits of the State were defined, Michigan and 
Illinois having previously been withdrawn. In 1811, Indiana was the 
theater of the Indian War of Tecumseh, ending with the decisive battle 
of Tipjjecanoe. In 1816 (December 11), Indiana became enrolled among 
the States of the American Union. In 1834, the State passed through a 
monetary crisis owing to its having become mixed up with railroad, 
canal, and other speculations on a gigantic scale, which ended, for the 
lime being, in a general collapse of public credit, and consequent bank- 
ruptcy. Since that time, however, the greater number of the public 



THE NORTHWESTERN STATES. 24S 

works which had brought about that imbroglio — especially the great 
Wabash and Erie Canal — have been completed, to the great benefit of 
the State, whose subsequent progress has year by year been marked by 
rapid strides in the paths of wealth, commerce, and general social and 
political prosperity. The constitution now in force was adopted in 1851. 
Population, U680,6Q1. 



IOWA. 

In shape, Iowa presents an almost perfect parallelogram ; has a 
length, north to south, of about 300 miles, by a pretty even width of 208 
miles, and embraces an area of 55,045 square miles, or 35,228,800 acres» 
The surface of the State is generally undulating, rising toward the 
middle into an elevated plateau which forms the " divide " of the 
Missouri and Mississippi basins. Rolling prairies, especially in the south, 
section, constitute a regnant feature, and the river bottoms, belted with 
woodlands, present a soil of the richest alluvion. Iowa is well watered ; 
the principal rivers being the Mississippi and Missouri, which form 
respectively its east and west limits, and the Cedar, Iowa, and Des 
Moines, affluents of the first named. Mineralogically, Iowa is important 
as occupying a section of the great Northwest coal field, to the extent of 
an area estimated at 25,000 square miles. Lead, copper, zinc, and iron» 
are also mined in considerable quantities. The soil is well adapted to 
the production of wheat, maize, and the other cereals ; fruits, vegetables, 
and esculent roots ; maize, wheat, and oats forming the chief staples. 
Wine, tobacco, hops, and wax, are other noticeable items of the agricul- 
tural yield. Cattle-raising, too, is a branch of rural industry largely 
engaged in. The climate is healthy, although liable to extremes of heat 
and cold. The annual gross product of the various manufactures carried 
on in this State approximate, in round numbers, a sum of $20,000,000. 
Iowa has an immense railroad system, besides over 500 miles of water- 
communication by means of its navigable rivers. The State is politically 
divided into 99 counties, with the following centers of population : Des 
Moines (capital), Iowa City (former capital), Dubuque, Davenport, Bur- 
lington, Council Bluffs, Keokuk, Muscatine, and Cedar Rapids. The 
State institutions of Iowa — religious, scholastic, and philanthropic — are 
on a par, as regards number and perfection of organization and operation, 
with those of her Northwest sister States, and education is especially 
well cared for, and largely diffused. Iowa formed a portion of the 
American territorial acquisitions from France, by the so-called Louisiana 
purchase in 1803, and was politically identified with Louisiana till 1812» 



244 THE NORTHWESTERN STATES. 

when it merged into the Missouri Territory; in 1834 it came under the 
Michigan organization, and, in 1836, under that of Wisconsin. Finally, 
after being constituted an independent Territory, it became a State of 
the Union,'' December 28, 1846. Population in 1860, 674,913 ; in 1870, 
1,191,792, and in 1875, 1,853,118. 



MICHIGAN. 

United area, 56,243 square miles, or 35,995,520 acres. Extent of the 
Upper and smaller Peninsula — length, 316 miles; breadth, fluctuating 
between 36 and 120 miles. The south division is 416 miles long, by from 
50 to 300 miles wide. Aggregate lake-shore line, 1,400 miles. The 
Upper, or North, Peninsula consists chiefly of an elevated plateau, 
expanding into the Porcupine mountain-system, attaining a maximum 
height of some 2,000 feet. Its shores along Lake Superior are eminently 
bold and picturesque, and its area is rich in minerals, its product of 
copper constituting an important source of industry. Both divisions are 
heavily wooded, and the South one, in addition, boasts of a deep, rich, 
loamy soil, throwing iip excellent crops of cereals and other agricultural 
produce. The climate is generally mild and humid, though the Winter 
colds are severe. The chief staples of farm husbandry include the cereals, 
grasses, maple sugar, sorghum, tobacco, fruits, and dairy-stuffs. In 1870, 
the acres of land in farms were : improved, 5,096,939 ; unimproved 
woodland, 4,080,146 ; other unimproved land, 842,057. The cash value 
of land was $398,240,578 ; of farming implements and machinery, 
$13,711,979. In 1869, there were shipped from the Lake Superior ports, 
874,582 tons of iron ore, and 45,762 of smelted pig, along with 14,188 
tons of copper (ore and ingot). Coal is another article largely mined. 
Inland communication is provided for by an admirably organized railroad 
system, and by the St. Mary's Ship Canal, connecting Lakes Huron and 
Supeiior. Michigan is politically divided into 78 counties; its chief 
urban centers are Detroit, Lansing (capital), Ann Arbor, Marquette, 
Bay City, Niles, Ypsilanti, Grand Haven, etc. The Governor of the 
State is elected biennially. On November 30, 1870, the aggregate bonded 
debt of Michigan amounted to $2,385,028, and the assessed valuation of 
land to $266,929,278, representing an estimated cash value of $800,000,000. 
Education is largely diffused and most excellently conducted and pro- 
vided for. The State University at Ann Arbor, the colleges of Detroit 
and Kalamazoo, the Albion Female College, the State Normal School at 
Ypsilanti, and the State Agricultural College at Lansing, are chief among 
the academic institutions. Michigan (a term of Chippeway origin, and 




COrniNS GROVE TP. 



THE NORTHWESTERN STATES. 245 

signifying " Great Lake), was discovered and first settled by French 
Canadians, who, in 1670, founded Detroit, the pioneer of a series of trad- 
ing-posts on the Indian frontier. During the " Conspiracy of Pontiac," 
following the French loss of Canada, Michigan became the scene of a 
sanguinary struggle between the whites and aborigines. In 1796, it 
became annexed to the United States, which incorporated this region 
with the Northwest Territory, and then with Indiana Territory, till 1803, 
when it became territorially independent. Michigan was the theater of 
warlike oj^erations during the war of 1812 with Great Britain, and in 
1819 was authorized to be represented by one delegate in Congress ; in 
18'^;7 she was admitted into the Union as a State, and in 1869 ratified the 
15th Amendment to the Federal Constitution. Population, 1,184,059. 



WISCONSIN. 

It has a mean length of 260 miles, and a maximum breadth of 215. 
Land area, 53,924 square miles, or 34,511,360 acres. Wisconsin lies at a 
considerable altitude above sea-level, and consists for the most part of an 
upland plateau, the surface of which is undulating and very generally 
diversified. Numerous local eminences called mounds are interspersed 
over the State, and the Lake Michigan coast-line is in many parts char- 
acterized by lofty escarped cliffs, even as on the west side the banks of 
the Mississippi form a series of high and picturesque bluffs. A group of 
islands known as The Apostles lie off the extreme north point of the 
State in Lake Superior, and the great estuary of Green Bay, running far 
inland, gives formation to a long, narrow peninsula between its waters 
and those of Lake Michigan. The river-system of Wisconsin has three 
outlets — those of Lake Superior, Green Bay, and the Mississippi, which 
latter stream forms the entire southwest frontier, widening at one point 
into the large watery expanse called Lake Pepin. Lake Superior receives 
the St. Louis, Burnt Wood, and Montreal Rivers ; Green Bay, the 
Menomonee, Peshtigo, Oconto, and Fox ; while into the Mississippi 
empty the St. Croix, Chippewa, Black, Wisconsin, and Rock Rivers. 
The chief interior lakes are those of Winnebago, Horicon, and Court 
Oreilles, and smaller sheets of water stud a great part of the surface. 
The climate is healthful, with cold Winters and brief but very warm 
Summers. Mean annual rainfall 31 inches. The geological system 
represented by the State, embraces those rocks included between the 
primary and the Devonian series, the former containing extensive 
deposits of copper and iron ore. Besides these minerals, lead and zinc 
are found in great quantities, together with kaolin, plumbago, gypsum, 



24(3 THE NORTHWESTERN STATES. 

and various clays. IMining, consequently, forms a prominent industry, 
and one of yearly increasing dimensions. The soil of Wisconsin is of 
varying quality, but fertile on the whole, and in the north parts of the 
State heavily timbered. The agricultural yield comprises the cereals, 
together with flax, hemp, tobacco, pulse, sorgum, and all kinds of vege- 
tables, and of the hardier fruits. In 1870, the State had a total number 
of 102,904 farms, occupying 11,715,321 acres, of which 5,899,343 con- 
sisted of improved land, and 3,437,442 were timbered. Cash value of 
farms, 8300,414,064 ; of farm implements and machinery, $14,239,364. 
Total estimated value of all farm products, including betterments and 
additions to stock, $78,027,032 ; of orchard and dairy stuffs, $1,045,933 ; 
of lumber, $1,327,618 ; of home manufactures, $338,423 ; of all live-stock, 
$45,310,882. Number of manufacturing establishments, 7,136, employ- 
ing 39,055 hands, and turning out productions valued at $85,624,906. 
The political divisions of the State form 61 counties, and the chief places 
of wealth, trade, and population, are Madison (the capital), Milwaukee, 
Fond du Lac, Oshkosh, Prairie du Chien, Janesville, Portage City, 
Racine, Kenosha, and La Crosse. In 1870, the total assessed valuation 
reached $333,209,838, as against a true valuation of both real and personal 
estate aggregating $602,207,329. Treasury receipts during 1870, $886,- 
69G ; disbursements, $906,329. Value of church property, $4,749,983. 
Education is amply provided for. Independently of the State University 
at Madison, and those of Galesville and of Lawrence at Appleton, and 
the colleges of Beloit, Racine, and Milton, there are Normal Schools at 
Platteville and Whitewater. The State is divided into 4,802 common 
school districts, maintained at a cost, in 1870, of $2,094,160. The chari- 
table institutions of Wisconsin include a Deaf and Dumb Asylum, an 
Institute for the Education of the Blind, and a Soldiers' Orphans' School. 
In January, 1870, the railroad system ramified throughout the State 
totalized 2,779 miles of track, including several lines far advanced toward 
completion. Immigration is successfully encouraged by the State author- 
ities, the larger number of yearly new-comers being of Scandinavian and 
German origin. The territory now occupied within the limits of the 
State of Wisconsin was explored by French missionaries and traders in 
1639, and it remained under French jurisdiction until 1703, when it 
became annexed to the British North American possessions. In 1796, it 
reverted to the United States, the government of which latter admitted 
it Avitliin the limits of tlie Northwest Territory, and in 1809, attached it 
to that of Illinois, and to Michigan in 1818. Wisconsin became independ- 
ently territorially organized in 1836, and became a State of the Union, 
Marcli :;, 1847. Population in 1870, 1,064,985, of which 2,113 were of 
the colored race, and 11,521 Indians, 1,206 of the latter being out of 
tribal relations. 



THE NORTHWESTERN STATES. 247 



MINNESOTA 



Its length, north to south, embraces an extent of 380 miles; its 
oreadth one of 250 miles at a maximum. Area, 84,000 square miles, or 
54,700,000 acres. The surface of Minnesota, generally speaking, con- 
sists of a succession of gently undulating plains and prairies, drained by 
an admirable water-system, and with here and there heavily- timbered 
bottoms and belts of virgin forest. The soil, corresponding with such a 
supeifices, is exceptionally rich, consisting for the most part of a dark, 
calcareous sandy drift intermixed with loam. A distinguishing jihysical 
feature of this State is its riverine ramifications, expanding in nearly 
every part of it into almost innumerable lakes — the whole presenting an 
aggregate of water-power having hardly a rival in the Union. Besides 
the Mississippi — which here has its rise, and drains a basin of 800 miles 
of country — the principal streams are the Minnesota (334 miles long), 
the Red River of the North, the St. Croix, St. Louis, and many others of 
lesser importance ; the chief lakes are those called Red, Cass, Leech, 
Mille Lacs, Vermillion, and Winibigosh. Quite a concatenation of sheets 
of water fringe the frontier line where Minnesota joins British America, 
culminating in the Lake of the Woods. It has been estimated, that of 
an area of 1,200,000 acres of surface between the St. Croix and Mis- 
sissippi Rivers, not less than 73,000 acres are of lacustrine formation. In 
point of minerals, the resources of Minnesota have as yet been very 
imperfectly developed; iron, copper, coal, lead — all these are known to 
exist in considerable deposits ; together with salt, limestone, and potter's 
clay. The agricultural outlook of the State is in a high degree satis- 
factory ; wheat constitutes the leading cereal in cultivation, with Indian 
corn and oats in next order. Fruits and vegetables are grown in great 
plenty and of excellent quality. The lumber resources of Minnesota are 
important ; the pine forests in the north region alone occupying an area 
of some 21,000 square miles, which in 1870 produced a return of scaled 
logs amounting to 313,116,416 feet. The natural industrial advantages 
possessed by Minnesota are largely improved upon by a railroad system. 
The political divisions of this State number 78 counties ; of which tlie 
chief cities and towns are : St. Paul (the capital), Stillwater, Red Wing, 
St. Anthony, Fort Snelling, Minneapolis, and Mankato. Minnesota has 
already assumed an attitude of high importance as a manufacturing State ; 
this is mainly due to the wonderful command of water-power she pos- 
sesses, as before spoken of. Besides her timber-trade, the milling of 
flour, the distillation of whisky, and the tanning of leather, are prominent 
interests, which in 1869, gave returns to the amount of $14,831,043. 



248 THE NORTHWESTERN STATES. 

Education is notably provided for on a broad and catliolio scale, the 
entire amount expended scholastically during the year 1870 being |857,- 
816 ; while on November 30 of the preceding year the permanent school 
fund stood at $2,476,222. Besides a University and Agricultural College, 
Normal and Reform Schools flourish, and with these may be mentioned 
such various philanthropic and religious institutions as befit the needs of 
an intelligent and prosperous community. The finances of the State for 
the fiscal year terminating December 1, 1870, exhibited a balance on tht- 
right side to the amount of $136,164, being a gain of $44,000 over the 
previous year's figures. The earliest exploration of Minnesota by the 
whites was made in 1680 by a French Franciscan, Father Hennepin, who 
gave the name of St. Antony to the Great Falls on the Upper Missisippi. 
In 1763, the Treaty of Versailles ceded this region to England. 
Twenty years later, Minnesota formed part of the Northwest Territory 
transferred to the United States, and became herself territorialized inde- 
pendently in 1849. Indian cessions in 1851 enlarged her boundaries, and, 
May 11, 1857, Minnesota became a unit of the great American federation 
of States. Population, 439,706. 



NEBRASKA. 

Maximum length, 412 miles ; extreme breadth, 208 miles. Area, 
75,905 square miles, or 48,636,800 acres. The surface of this State is 
almost entirely undulating prairie, and forms part of the west slope of 
the great central basin of the North American Continent. In its west 
division, near the base of the Rocky Mountains, is a sandy belt of 
country, irregularly defined. In this part, too, are the " dunes," resem- 
bhng a wavy sea of sandy billows, as well as the Mauvaises Terres, a tract 
of singular formation, produced by eccentric disintegrations and denuda- 
tions of the land. The chief rivers are the Missouri, constituting its en- 
tire east line of demarcation ; the Nebraska or Platte, the Niobrara, the 
Republican Fork of the Kansas, the Elkhorn, and the Loup Fork of the 
Platte. The soil is very various, but consisting chiefly of rich, bottomy 
loam, admirably adapted to the raising of heavy crops of cereals. All 
the vegetables and fruits of the temperate zone are produced in great 
size and plenty. For grazing purposes Nebraska is a State exceptionally 
well fitted, a region of not less than 23,000,000 acres being adaptable to 
this branch of husbandry. It is believed that the, as yet, comparatively 
infertile tracts of land found in various parts of the State are susceptible 
of productivity by means of a properly conducted system of irrigation. 
Few minerals of moment have so far been found within the limits of 



THE NORTH WESTEKN STATES. 



249 



Nebraska, if we may except important saline deposits at the head of Salt 
Creek in its southeast section. The State is divided into 57 counties, 
independent of the Pawnee and Winnebago Indians, and of unorganized 
territory in the northwest part. The principal towns are Omaha, Lincoln 
(State capital), Nebraska City, Columbus, Grand Island, etc. In 1870, 
the total assessed value of property amounted to $53,000,000, being an 
increase of $11,000,000 over the previous year's returns. The total 
amount received from the school-fund during the year 1869-70 was 
$77,999. Education is making great onward strides, the State University 
and an Agricultural College being far advanced toward completion. In 
the matter of railroad communication, Nebraska bids fair to soon place 
herself on a par with her neighbors to the east. Besides being inter- 
sected by the Union Pacific line, with its off-shoot, the Fremont and Blair, 
other tracks are in course of rapid construction. Organized by Con- 
gressional Act into a Territory, May 80, 1854, Nebraska entered the 
Union as a full State, March 1, 1867. Population, 122,993. 




IIITNTING PRAIKJE WOLVES IN AN KARLY DAY. 



250 CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES 



CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 
AND ITS AMENDMENTS. 

We, the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, 
establish justice, insure domestic tranquillity, provide for the common 
defense, promote the general welfare, and secme the blessings of liber tg 
to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution 
for the United States of America. 

Article I. 

Section 1. All legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in 
a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and 
House of Representatives. 

Sec. 2. The House of Representatives shall be composed of mem- 
bers chosen every second year by the people of the several states, and the 
electors in each state shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of 
the most numerous branch of the State Legislature. 

No person shall be a representative who shall not have attained to the 
age of twenty-five years, and been seven years a citizen of the United 
States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that state in 
which he shall be chosen. 

Representatives and direct taxes shall be apportioned among the sev- 
eral states which may be included within this Union, according to their 
respective numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole 
number of free persons, including those bound to service for a term of 
years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three-fifths of all other persons. 
The actual enumeration shall be made within three years after the first 
meeting of the Congress of the United States, and within every subse- 
quent term of ten years, in such manner as they shall by law direct. The 
number of Representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty thousand, 
but each state shall have at least one Representative ; and until such 
enumeration shall l)e made the State of New Hampshire shall be entitled 
to choose three, Massachusetts eight, Rhode Island and Providence Plan- 
tations one, Connecticut five, New York six, New Jersey four, Pennsylva- 
nia eight, Delaware one, Maryland six, Virginia ten, North Carolina five, 
and Georgia three. 

When vacancies happen in the representation from any state, the 
Executive authority thereof shall issue writs of election to fill such 
vacancies. 

The House of Representatives shall choose their Speaker and other 
officers, and shall have the sole power of impeachment. 

Sec. o. The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two 
Senators from each state, chosen by the Legislature thereof for six years; 
and each Senator shall have one vote. 

Immediately after they shall be assembled in consequence of the first 
election, they shall be divided as equally as may be into three classes. 
The seats of the Senators of the first class 'shall be vacated at the expira- 



AND ITS AMENDMENTS. . 251 

tion of the second year, of the second class at the expiration of the fourth 
year, and of the third class at the expiration of the sixth year, so that 
one-third may be chosen every second year; and if vacancies happen by 
resignation or otherwise, during the recess of the Legislature of any state, 
the Executive thereof may make temporary appointments until the next 
meeting of the Legislature, which shall then fill such vacancies. 

No person shall be a Senator w^ho shall not have attained to the age 
of thirty years and been nine years a citizen of the United States, and 
who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that state for which ho 
shall be chosen. 

The Vice-President of the United States shall be President of th 
Senate, but shall have no vote unless they be equally divided. 

The Senate shall choose their other officers, and also a President pro 
tempore, in the absence of the Vice-President, or when he shall exercise 
the office of President of the United States. 

The Senate shall have the sole power to try all impeachments. When 
sitting for that purpose they shall be on oath or affirmation. When the 
President of the United States is tried the Chief Justice shall preside. 
And no person shall be convicted without the concurrence of two-thirds 
of the members present. 

Judgment, in cases of impeachment, shall not extend further than to 
removal from office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of 
honor, trust, or profit under the United States; but the party convicted 
shall nevertheless be liable and subject to indictment, trial, judgment, 
and punishment according to law. 

Sec. 4. The times, places and manner of holding elections for Sen- 
ators and Representatives shall be prescribed in each state by the Legis- 
lature thereof ; but the Congress may at any time by law make or alter 
yuch regulations, except as to the places of choosing Senators. 

The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year, and such 
meeting shall be on the first Monday in December, unless they shall by 
law appoint a different day. 

Sec. 5. Each house shall be the ju^ge of the election, returns, and 
qualifications of its own members, and a majority of each shall constitute 
a quorum to do business; but a smaller number may adjourn from day to 
day, and may be authorized to compel the attendance of absent members 
in such manner and under such penalties as each house may provide. 

Each house may determine the rules of its proceedings, punish ita 
members for disorderly behavior, and, with the concurrence of two-thirds, 
expel a member. 

Each house shall keep a journal of its proceedings, and from time to 
time publish the same, excepting such parts as may, in their judgment, 
require secrecy ; and the yeas and nays of the members of either house 
on any question shall, at the desire of one-fifth of those present, be entered 
on the journal. 

Neither liouse, during the session of Congress, shall, without the 
consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other 
place than that in which the two houses shall be sitting. 

Sec. 6. The Senators and Representatives shall receive a compen- 
sation for their services, to be ascertained by law, and paid out of the 
treasury of the United States. They shall in all cases, except treason, 



252 



CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES 



felony, and breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest during their 
attendance at the session of their respective houses, and in going to and 
returning from the same ; and for any speech or debate in either house 
they shall not be questioned in any other place. 

No Senator or Representative shall, during the time for which he was 
elected, be appointed to any civil office under the authority of the United 
States, which shall have been created, or the emoluments whereof shall 
have been increased during such time ; and no person holding any office 
under the United States, shall be a member of either house during his 
continuance in office. 

Sec. 7. All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the House of 
Representatives ; but the Senate may propose or concur with amendments 
as on c ther bills. 

Every bill which shall have passed the House of Representatives and 
the Senate, shall, before it becomes a law, be presented to the President 
.' the United States ; if he approve he shall sign it ; but if not he shall 
return it, with his objections, to that house in which it shall have origi- 
nated, who shall enter the objections at large on their journal, and 
proceed to reconsider it. If, after such reconsideration two-thirds of that 
house shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, together with the objec- 
tions, to the other house, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if 
approved by two-thirds of that house, it shall become a law. But in all 
such cases the votes of both houses shall be determined by yeas and nays, 
and the names of the persons voting for and against the bill shall be entered 
on the journal of each house respectively. If any bill shall not be returned 
by the President within ten days (Sundays excepted), after it shall have 
been presented to him, the same shall be a law, in like manner as if he 
had signed it, unless the Congress, by their adjournment, prevent its 
return, in which case it shall not be a law. 

Every order, resolution, or vote to which the concurrence of the 
Senate and House of Representatives may be necessary (except on a 
question of adjournment), shall be presented to the President of the 
United States, and before the same shall take effect shall be approved by 
Iiim, or, being disapproved by him, shall be re-passed by two-thirds of 
the Senate and House of Representatives, according to the rules and lim- 
itations prescribed in the case of a bill. 

Sec. 8. The Congress shall have power — 

To lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts and excises, to pay the debts, 
and provide for the common defense and general welfare of "the United 
utates ; but all duties, imposts, and excises shall be uniform throughout 
the United States ; 

To borrow money on the credit of the United States ; 

To regulate commerce with foreign itations, and among the several 
St:.tes, and with the Indian tribes; 

To establish a uniform rule of naturalization, and uniform laws on 
the subject of bankruptcies throughout the United States ; 

To coin money, regulate the value thereof, and of foreign coin, and 
fix the standard of weights and measures ; 

To provide for the punishment of counterfeiting the securities and 
current coin of the United States; 

To establish post offices and post roads ; 



AND ITS AMENDMENTS. 253 

To promote the progress of sciences and useful arts, by securing, 
for limited times, to authors and inventors, the exclusive right to their 
respective writings and discoveries ; 

To constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court ; 

To define and punish piracies and felonies committed on the high 
seas, and offenses against the law of nations ; 

To declare war, grant letters of marque and reprisal, and make rules 
concerning captures on land and water ; 

To raise and support armies, but no appropriation of money to that 
use shall be for n longer term than two years ; 

To provide and maintain a navy ; 

To make rules for the government and regulation of the land and 
naval forces ; 

To provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the 
Union, suppress insurrections, and repel invasions ; 

To provide for organizing, arming and disciplining the militia, and 
for governing such part of them as may be employed in the service of the 
United States, reserving to the states respectively the appointment of the 
officers, and the authority of training the militia according to the disci- 
pline prescribed by Congress ; 

To exercise legislation in all cases whatsoever over such district (not 
exceeding ten miles square) as may, by cession of particular states, and the 
acceptance of Congress, become the seat of the government of the United 
States, and to exercise like authority over all places purchased by the 
consent of the Legislature of the state in which the same shall be, for 
the erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, dock yards, and other needful 
buildings ; and 

To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying 
into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this 
Constitution in the government of the United States, or in any depart- 
ment or officer thereof. 

Sec. 9. The migration or importation of such persons as any of the 
states now existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited 
by the Congress prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight, 
but a tax or duty may be imposed on such importation, not exceeding ten 
dollars for each person. 

The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, 
unless when in cases of rebellion or invasion the public safety may 
require it. 

No bill of attainder or ex post facto law shall be passed. 

No capitation or other direct tax shall be laid, unless in proportion 
to the census or enumeration hereinbefore directed to be taken. 

No tax or duty shall be laid on articles exported from any state. 

No preference shall be given by any regulation of commerce or rev- 
enue to the ports of one state over those of another; nor shall vessels 
bound to or from one state be obliged to enter, clear, or pay duties in 
another. 

No money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in consequence of 
appropriations made by law ; and a regular statement and account of 
the receipts and expeditures of all public money shall be published from 
time to time. 



254 CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES 

No title of nobility sl^all be granted by the United States : and no 
person holding any office of profit or trust under them, shall, without the 
consent of the Congress, accept of any present, emolument, office, or title 
of any kind whatever, from any king, prince, or foreign state. 

Sec. 10. No state shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or confeder- 
ation ; grant letters of marque and reprisal ; coin money ; emit bills of 
credit ; make anything but gold and silver coin a tender in payment of 
debts ; pass any bill of attainder, ex post facto law, or law impairing the 
obligation of contracts, or grant any title of nobilit3\ 

No state shall, without the consent of the Congress, lay any imposts 
or duties on imports or exports, except what may be absolutely necessary 
for executing its inspection laws, and the net produce of all duties and 
imposts laid by any state on imports or exports, shall be for the use of the 
Treasury of the United States ; and all such laws shall be subject to the 
revision and control of the Congress. 

No state shall, without the consent of Congress, lay any duty on 
tonnage, keep troops or ships of war in time of peace, enter into any 
agreement or compact with another state, or with a foreign power, or 
engage in war, unless actually invaded, or in such imminent danger as will 
not admit of delay. 

Article II. 

Section 1. The Executive power shall be vested in a President of 
the United States of America. He shall hold his office during the term 
of four years, and, together with the Vice-President chosen for the same 
term, be elected as follows : 

Each state sliall appoint, in such manner as the Legislature thereof 
may direct, a number of Electors, equal to the whole number of Senators 
and Representatives to which the state may be entitled in the Congress ; 
but no Senator or Representative, or person holding an office of trust or 
profit under the United States, shall be appointed an Elector. 

[ * The Electors shall meet in their respective states, and vote by 
ballot for two persons, of whom one at least shall not be an inhabitant of 
the same state witli themselves. And they shall make a list of all the 
persons voted for, and of the number of votes for each ; which list they 
shall sign and certify, and transmit, sealed, to the seat of the government 
of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate. The Pres- 
ident of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of Rep- 
resentatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted. 
The person having the greatest number of votes shall be the President, 
if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed; 
and if there be more than one who have such majority, and have an equal 
number of votes, then the House of Representatives shall immediately 
choose by ballot one of them for President ; and if no person have a ma- 
jority, then from the five highest on the list the said House shall in like 
manner clioose the President. But in choosing the President, the vote 
sliall be taken by states, the representation from each state having one 
vote ; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members 
from two-thirds of the states, and a majority of all the states shall be 
necessary to a choice. In every case, after the choice of the President, 

• This clause between brackets has been superseded and annulled by the Twelfth amendment. 



I 



AND ITS AMENDMENTS. 255 

the person having the greatest number of votes of the Electors shall be 
the Vice-President. But if there should remain two or more who have 
equal votes, the Senate shall choose from them by ballot the Vice-Presi- 
dent.] 

The Congress may determine the time of choosing the Electors, and 
the day on which they shall give their votes ; which day shall be the same 
throughout the United States. 

No person except a natural born citizen, or a citizen of the United 
States at the time of the adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible 
to the office of President ; neither shall any person be eligible to that 
office who shall not have attained the age of thirty-five years, and been 
fourteen years a resident within the United States. 

In case of the removal of the President from office, or of his death, 
resignation, or inability to discharge the powers and duties of the said 
office, the same shall devolve on the Vice-President, and the Congress 
may by law provide for the case of removal, death, resignation, or inabil- 
ity, both of the President and Vice-President, declaring what officer shall 
then act as President, and such officer shall act accordingly, until the dis- 
ability be removed, or a President shall be elected. 

The President shall, at stated times, receive for his services a com- 
pensation which shall neither be increased nor diminished during the 
period for which he shall have been elected, and he shall not receive 
within that period any other emolument from the United States or any of 
them. 

Before he enters on the execution of his office, he shall take the fol- 
lowing oath or affirmation : 

" I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the 
office of President of the United States, and will, to the best of my ability, 
preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution of the United States." 

Sec. 2. The President shall be commander in chief of the army and 
navy of the United States, and of the militia of the several states, when 
called into the actual service of the United States; he may require the 
opinion, in writing, of the principal officer in each of the executive 
departments, upon any subject relating to the duties of their respective 
offices, and he shall have power to grant reprieves and pardon for offenses 
against the United States, except in cases of impeachment. 

He shall have power, by and with the advice and consent of the 
Senate, to make treaties, provided two-thirds of the Senators present con- 
cur; and he shall nominate, and by and with the advice of the Senate, 
shall appoint ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, judges of 
the Supreme Court, and all other officers of the United States whose 
appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be 
established by law ; but the Congress may by law vest the appointment 
of such inferior officers as they think proper in the President alone, in 
the courts of law, or in the heads of departments. 

The President shall have power to fill up all vacancies that may 
happen during the recess of the Senate, by granting commissions which 
shall expire at the end of their next session. 

Sec. 3. He sliall from time to time give to the Congress information 
of the state of the Union, and recommend to their consideration such mea- 
sures as he shall judge necessary and expedient ; he may on extraordinary 



256 CONSTITUTION OP THE UNITED STATES 

occasions convene both houses, or either of them, and in case of disagree- 
ment between them, with respect to the time of adjournment, he maj? 
adjourn them to such time as he shall think proper ; he shall receive 
ambassadors and other public ministers ; he shall take care that the laws be 
faithfully executed, and shall commission all the officers of the United 

States. 

Sec. 4. The President, Vice-President, and all civd officers of the 
United States, shall be removed from office on impeachment for, and con 
viction of, treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors. 

Article III. 

Section I. The judicial power of the United States shall be vested 
in one Supreme Court, and such inferior courts as the Congress may from 
time to time ordain and establish. The Judges, both of the Supreme and 
inferior courts, shall hold their offices during good behavior, and shall, at 
stated times, receive for their services a compensation, which shall not be 
diminished during their continuance in office. 

Sec. 2. The judicial power shall extend to all cases, in law and 
equity, arising under this Constitution, the laws of the United States, and 
treaties made, or which shall be made, under their authority ; to all cases 
affecting ambassadors, other public ministers, and consuls ; to all cases of 
admiralty and maritime jurisdiction ; to controversies to which the United 
States shall be a party ; to controversies between two or more states ; 
between a state and citizens of another state ; between citizens of differ- 
ent states ; between citizens of the same state claiming lands under grants 
of different states, and between a state or the citizens thereof, and foreign 
states, citizens, or subjects. 

In all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers, and consuls, 
and those in which a state shall be a party, the Supreme Court shall have 
original jurisdiction. 

In all the other cases before* mentioned, the Supreme Court shall 
have appellate jurisdiction, both as to law and fact, with such exceptions 
and under such regulations as the Congress shall make. 

The triiil of all crimes, except in cases of impeachment, shall be b^? 
jury ; and such trial shall be held in the state where the said crimes shall 
have been committed ; but when not committed within any state, the 
trial shall be at such place or places as the Congress may by law have 
directed. 

Sec. 3. Treason against the United States shall consist only in levy- 
ing war against them, or in adhering to their enemies, giving them aid 
and comfort. No person shall be convicted of treason unless on the tes- 
timony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or on confession in open 
court. 

The Congress shall have power to declare the punishment of treason 
but no attainder of treason shall work corruption of blood, or forfeiture 
except during the life of the person attainted. 

Article IV. 

Section 1. Full faith and credit shall be given in each state to the 
public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state. And 



AND ITS AMENDMENTS. 257 

the Congress may, by general laws, prescribe the manner in which such 
acts, records, and proceedings shall be proved, and the effect thereof. 

Sec. 2. The citizens of each state shall be entitled to all privileges 
and immunities of citizens in the several states. 

A person charged in any state with treason, felony, or other crime, 
who shall flee from justice and be found in another state, shall, on demand 
of the executive authority of the state from which he fled, be delivered 
up, to be removed to the state having jurisdicfon of the crime. 

No person held to service or labor in one state, under the laws thereof 
escaping into another, shall, in consequence of any law or regulation 
therein, be discharged from such service or labor, but shall be delivered 
up on the claim of the party to whom such service or labor may be due. 

Sec. 3. New states may be admitted by the Congress into this Union ; 
but no new state shall be formed or erected within the jurisdiction of any 
other state ; nor any state be formed by the junction of two or more states, 
or parts of states, without the consent of the Legislatures of the states 
concerned, as well as of the Congress. 

The Congress shall have power to dispose of and make all needful 
rules and regulations respecting the territory or other property belonging 
to the United States ; and nothing in this Constitution shall be so construed 
as to prejudice any claims of the United States or of any particular state. 

Sec. 4. The United States shall guarantee to every state in this 
Union a republican form of government, and shall protect each of them 
against invasion, and on application of the Legislature, or of the Execu- 
tive (when the Legislature can not be convened), against domestic vio- 
lence. 

Article V. 

The Congress, whenever two-thirds of both houses shall deem it 
necessary, shall propose amendments to this Constitution, or, on the ap- 
plication of the Legislatures of two-tjiirds of the several states, shall call 
a convention for proposing amendments, which, in either case, shall be 
valid to all intents and purposes as part of this Constitution, when rati- 
fied by the Legislatures of three fourths of the several states, or by con- 
ventions in three-fourths thereof, as the one or the other mode of ratifi- 
cation may be proposed by the Congress. Provided that no amendment 
which may be made prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and 
eight shall in any manner affect the first and fourth clauses in the ninth 
section of the first article ; and that no state, without its consent, shall 
be deprived of its equal suffrage in the Senate. 

Article VI. 

All debts contracted and engagements entered into before the adop- 
tion of this Constitution shall be as valid against the United States under 
this Constitution as under the Confederation. 

This Constitution, and the laws of the United States which shall be 
made in pursuance thereof, and all treaties made, or which shall be made, 
under the authority of the United States, shall be the supreme law of the 
land ; and the Judges in every state shall be bound thereby, anything in 
the Constitution or laws of any state to the contrary notwithstanding. 

The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and the mem- 



258 



CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES 



"bers of the several state Legislatures, and all executive and judicial offi- 
cers, both of the United States and of the several states, shall be bound 
by oath or affirmation to support this Constitution ; but no religious test 
shall ever be required as a qualification to any office or public trust under 
the United States. 

Article VII. 

The ratification of the Conventions of nine states shall be sufficient 
for the establishment of this Constitution between the states so ratifying 
the same. 

Done in convention by the unanimous consent of the states present, the 
seventeenth day of September, in the year of our Lord one thousand 
seven hundred and eighty-seven, and of the independence of the 
United States of America the twelfth. In witness whereof we have 
hereunto subscribed our names. 

GEO. WASHINGTON, 
President and Deputy from Virginia. 



New Hampshire. 
John Langdon, 
Nicholas Gilman. 

Massachusetts. 
Nathaniel Goeham, 
RuFus King. 

Connecticut. 
Wm. Sam'l Johnson, 
Roger Sherman. 

Neiv York. 
Alexander Hamilton. 

Neiu Jersey. 
WiL. Livingston, 
Wm. Paterson, 
David Brearley, 
JoNA. Dayton. 

Pennsylvania. 
B. Franklin, 
RoBT. Morris, 
Thos. Fitzsimons, 
James Wilson, 
Thos. Mifflin, 
Geo. Clymer, 
Jared Ingersoll, 
Gouv. jVIorris. 



Delaware. 
Geo. Read, 
John Dickinson, 
Jaco. Broom, 
Gunning Bedford, Jr., 
Richard Bassett. 

Maryland. 
James M' Henry, 
Danl. Carroll, 
Dan. of St. Thos. Jenifer. 

Virginia. 
John Blair, 
James Madison, Jb. 

North Carolina. 
Wm. Blount, 
Hu. Williamson, 
Rich'd Dobbs Spaight. 

South Carolina. 
j. rutledge, 
Charles Pinckney, 
Chas. Cotesworth Pinckney, 
Pierce Butler. 

Gieorgia. 
William Few, 
Abr. Baldwin. 

WILLIAM JACKSON, Secretary. 



AND ITS AMENDMENTS. 259 



Articles in Addition to and Amendatoey of the Constitution 
OP THE United States op Amekica. 

Proposed by Congress and ratified by the Legislatures of the several states^ 
pursuant to the fifth article of the original Constitution. 

Article I. 

Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment cf religion, 
or prohibiting the free exercise thereof ^ or abridging the freedom of 
speech, or of the press ; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, 
and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. 

Article II. 

A well regulated militia being necessary to the security of a free 
state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed. 

Article III. 

No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house without 
the consent of the owner, nor in time of war but in a manner to be pre- 
scribed by law. 

Article IV. 

The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, 
and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be vio- 
lated ; and no warrants shall issue but upon probable cause, supported by 
oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched 
and the persons or things to be seized. 

Article V. 

No person shall be held to answer for a capital or otherwise infamous 
crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in 
cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia when in actual 
service in time of war or public danger ; nor shall any person be subject 
for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb ; nor shall 
be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be 
deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law ; nor 
shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation. 

Article VI. 

In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a 
speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the state and district 
wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have 
been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and 
cause of the accusation ; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; 
to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor ; and to 
have the assistance of counsel for his defense. 

Article VII. 

In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed 
twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact 



2QQ CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES 

tried by a jury shall be otherwise re-examined in any court of the United 
States than according to the rules of the common law. 

Article VIII. 

Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, 
nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. 

Article IX. 

The enumeration, in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be 
construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people. 

Article X. 

The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, 
nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, 
or to the people. 

Article XI. 

The judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to 
extend to any suit in law or equity commenced or prosecuted against one 
of the United States by citizens of another state, or by citizens or sub- 
jects of any foreign state. 

Article XII. 

The Electors shall meet in their respective states and vote by ballot 
for President and Vice-President, one of whom, at least, shall not be an 
inhabitant of the same state with themselves ; they shall name in their 
ballots the person to be voted for as president, and in distinct ballots the 
person voted for as Vice-President, and they shall make distinct lists of 
all persons voted for as President, and of all persons voted for as Vice- 
President, and of the number of votes for each, which list they shall sign 
and certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of the government of the United 
States, directed to the President of the Senate. The President of the 
Senate shall, in presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, 
open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted. The person 
having the greatest number of votes for President shall be the President, 
if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed ; 
and if no person have such majority, then from the persons having the 
highest number not exceeding three on the list of those voted for as 
President, the House of Representatives shall choose immediattly, by 
ballot, the President. But in choosing the President, the votes shall be 
taken by States, the representation from each state having one vote; a 
quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two- 
thirds of the states, and a majority of all the states shall be necessary to 
a choice. And if the House of Representatives shall not choose a Presi- 
dent whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon them, before the 
fourth day of March next following, then the Vice-President shall act as 
President, as in the case of the death or other constitutional disability of 
tlie President. The person having the greatest number of votes as Vice- 
President, shall be the Vice-President, if such number be the majority 
of the whole number of electors appointed, and if no person have a major- 



AND ITS AMENDMENTS. 2t33 

ity, then from the two highest numbers on the list, the Senate shall choose 
the Vice-President ; a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two-thirds 
of the whole number of Senators, and a majority of the whole number 
shall be necessary to a choice. But no person constitutionally ineligible 
to the office of President shall be eligible to that of Vice-President of the 
United States. 

Article XIII. 

Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a 
punishment for crime, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, 
shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their juris- 
diction. 

Sec. 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appro- 
priate legislation. 

Article XIV. 

Section 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States and 
subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States, and 
of the state wherein they reside. No state shall make or enforce any law 
which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United 
States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, 
without due process of law, nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction 
the equal protection of the laws. 

Sec. 2. Representatives shall be appointed among the several states 
according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of per- 
sons in each state, excluding Indians not taxed ; but when the right to 
vote at any election for the choice of Electors for President and Vice- 
President of the United States, Representatives in Congress, the execu- 
tive and judicial officers of a state, or the members of the Legislature 
thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such state, being 
twenty-one years of age and citizens of the United States, or in any way 
abridged except for participation in rebellion or other crimes, the basis of 
representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the num- 
ber of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens 
twenty-one years of age in such state. 

Sec. 3. No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, 
or Elector of President and Vice-President, or hold any office, civil or 
military, under the United States, or under any state, who, having previ- 
ously taken an oath as a Member of Congress, or as an officer of the 
United States, or as a member of any state Legislature, or as an execu- 
tive or judicial officer of any state to support the Constitution of the 
United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the 
same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But Congress may 
by a vote of two-thirds of each house, remove such disability. 

Sec. 4. The validity of the public debt of the United States author- 
ized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions and boun- 
ties for services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall not be ques- 
tioned. But neither the United States nor any state shall pay any debt 
or obligation incurred in the aid of insurrection or rebellion against the 
United States, or any loss or emancipation of any slave, but such debts, 
obligations, and claims shall be held illegal and void. 



260 CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES 

tried by a jury shall be otherwise re-examined in any court of the United 
States than according to the rules of the common law. 

Article VIII. 

Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, 
nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. 

Article IX. 

The enumeration, in the Constitution, of certain rights, shaU not be 
construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people. 

Article X. 

The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, 
nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, 
or to the people. 

Article XI. 

The judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to 
extend to any suit in law or equity commenced or prosecuted against one 
of the United States by citizens of another state, or by citizens or sub- 
jects of any foreign state. 

Article XII. 

The Electors shall meet in their respective states and vote by ballot 
for President and Vice-President, one of whom, at least, shall not be an 
inhabitant of the same state with themselves ; they shall name in their 
ballots the person to be voted for as president, and in distinct ballots the 
person voted for as Vice-President, and they shall make distinct lists of 
all persons voted for as President, and of all persons voted for as Vice- 
President, and of the number of votes for each, which list they shall sign 
and certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of the government of the United 
States, directed to the President of the Senate. The President of the 
Senate shall, in presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, 
open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted. The person 
having the greatest number of votes for President shall be the President, 
if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed ; 
and if no person have such majority, then from the persons having the 
highest number not exceeding three on the list of those voted for as 
President, the House of Representatives shall choose immediatt'y, by 
ballot, the President. But in choosing the President, the votes shall be 
taken by States, the representation from each state having one vote; a 
quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two- 
thirds of the states, and a majority of all the states shall be necessary to 
a choice. And if the House of Representatives shall not choose a Presi- 
dent whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon them, before the 
fourth day of March next following, then the Vice-President shall act as 
President, as in the case of the death or other constitutional disability of 
the President. The person having the greatest number of votes as Vice- 
President, shall be the Vice-President, if such number be the majority 
of the whole number of electors appointed, and if no person have a major- 



AND ITS AMENDMENTS. 263 

ity; then from tlie two highest numbers on the list, the Senate shall choose 
the Vice-President ; a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two-thirds 
of the whole number of Senators, and a majority of the whole number 
shall be necessary to a choice. But no person constitutionally ineligible 
to the office of President shall be eligible to that of Vice-President of the 
United States. 

Article XIII. 

Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a 
punishment for crime, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, 
shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their juris- 
diction. 

Sec. 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appro- 
priate legislation. 

Aeticle XIV. 

Section 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States and 
subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States, and 
of the state wherein they reside. No state shall make or enforce any law 
which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United 
States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, 
without due process of law, nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction 
the equal protection of the laws. 

Sec. 2. Representatives shall be appointed among the several states 
according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of per- 
sons in each state, excluding Indians not taxed ; but when the right to 
vote at any election for the choice of Electors for President and Vice- 
President of the United States, Representatives in Congress, the execu- 
tive and judicial officers of a state, or the members of the Legislature 
thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such state, being 
twenty-one years of age and citizens of the United States, or in any way 
abridged except for participation in rebellion or other crimes, the basis of 
representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the num- 
ber of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens 
twenty-one years of age in such state. 

Sec. 3. No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, 
or Elector of President and Vice-President, or hold any office, civil or 
military, under the United States, or under any state, who, having previ- 
ously taken an oath as a Member of Congress, or as an officer of the 
United States, or as a member of any state Legislature, or as an execu- 
tive or judicial officer of any state to support the Constitution of the 
United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the 
same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But Congress may 
by a vote of two-thirds of each house, remove such disability. 

Sec. 4. The validity of the public debt of the United States author- 
ized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions and boun- 
ties for services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall not be ques- 
tioned. But neither the United States nor any state shall pay any debt 
or obligation incurred in the aid of insurrection or rebellion against the 
United States, or any loss or emancipation of any slave, but such debts, 
obligations, and claims shall be held illegal and void. 



264 



CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 



Article XV. 

Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not 
be denied or abridged by the United States, or by any State, on account of 
race, color, or previous condition of servitude. 

VOTE FOR GOVERNOR, 1877, AND PRESIDENT, 187G. 



Counties. 



Adair 

Adams 

Allamakee ... 
Appanoose .... 

Audubon 

Benton 

Black Hawk.. 

Boone 

Bremer 

Buchanan 

Buena Vista.. 

Butler 

Calhoun 

Carroll 

CasB 

Cedar 

Cerro Gordo.. 

Cherokee 

Chickasaw ... 

Clark 

Clay 

Clayton 

Clinton 

Crawford 

Dallas 

Davis 

Decatur 

Delaware 

De>i Moines .. 

Dickinson 

Dubuque 

Emmett 

Fayette. 

Floyd 

Franklin 

Fremont 

Greene 

Grundy 

Guthrie 

Hamilton 

Hancock 

Hardin 

Harrison 

Henry 

Howard 

Humboldt.... 

Ida 

Iowa 

Jackson 

Jasper 

J'/fTcrson 



1877. 
Governor. 



Kep. Dem. Gr. Pro 



982 

876 
1547 
11(15 

4111 
1432 
1780 
161 
1180 
1290 

74 
1453 

418 

633 
1592 
1315 

903 

562 
1279 
1054 

517 
1873 
2444 

898 
1541 

893 
1269 
1226 
2315 

197 
1587 

213 
1933 
1233 
1311 
1250 
1031 

909 
1160 

842 

340 
1492 
1.348 
1770 

551 

382 

321 
1132 
1619 
1977 
1390 



161 
397 

1540 

1049 
352 
712 

1111 
981 
582 
769 
192 
758 
75 
744 
839 

1093 

348 

74 

1107 

267 

16 

1770 

2327 
651 
215 

1231 
961 

1143 

1384 
8 

3415 
28 

1067 
208 
336 

1331 
215 
504 
496 
265 
95 
661 
86 '. 
424 
647 
149 
54 

1120 

196( 

11.54 
753 



581 
485 

69 
729 

26 
567 

95 
466 
196 
725 
161 

19 
171 
141 
116 
206 

72 
383 

37 
813 

20 

66 
286 

19 

1241 

803 

310 

32 
767 



406 



162 

16 

334 

551 



364 
422 
29 
238 
523 

1041 
201 
115 
104 
642 
224 

1018 
576 



1876. 
President. 



Rep. Dem 



449 

244 

10 

1 

223 
20 
95 
74 
11 
30 

446 
40 
86 
94 
19 
67 

107 
66 

111 
80 
12 
19 

525 

6 

12 

53 



21 

57 

2 

1.54 

19 
140 
519 

64 



228 

15 

268 

109 



1334 
1376 
1709 
1711 

427 
2901 
2979 
2018 
1737 
2227 

770 
1828 

622 

799 
1876 
2328 
1274 

864 
1574 
1405 

567 
2662 
3654 
1043 
2136 
1586 
1647 
2233 
3325 

259 
2798 

246 
3029 
2032 
1178 
1658 
1310 
1099 
1434 
1187 

281 
2152 
1557 
2809 
1194 

523 

212 
1870 
2126 
3375 

2166 



Counties. 



Johnson , 

Jones 

Keokuk 

Kossuth 

Lee 

Linn 

Louisa 

Lucas 

JLyon 

Madison 

Mahaska 

Marion 

Marshall 

Mills 

Mitchell 

Monona 

Monroe 

Montgomery . 

Muscatine 

O'Brien 

Osceola 



593 

626 

1646 

1419 

.352 

1356 

1592 

1305 

757 

1416 

200 

780 

196 

771 

979 

1445 

448 

175 

1090 

816 

94 

2621 

3.398 Palo Alto. 

638[iPlymouth , 

752 Pocahontas 

163lj Polk , 

1282' Pottawattamie., 

1466 Poweshiek 

Ringgold , 

Sac 

Scott 

Shrlby , 

Sioux 

Story 

Tama 

Taylor 

Union 

Van Buren 

Wapello 

jWarren 

Washington 

Wayne 

Webster 

Winnebago 

Winneshiek 

iWotidbury 

Worth 

Wright 



2917 

48 

4977 

36 

1709 

751 

379 

1682 

510 

417 

629 

425 

99 



1386 

1485 

600 

183 

57 

1.348 

2485 

1804 

1449 



Totals 

Majorities 



1877. 
Governor. 



Kep. Dem. I Gr. Pro 



1884 

1868 

1772 

463 

2157 

2524 

1328 

1203 

261 

1792 

1823 

1976 

1448 

1435 

1396 

580 

1034 

1122 

1753 

306 

295 

1166 

311 

779 

370 

3171 

2223 

1496 

964 

656 

3031 

888 

436 

1260 

1426 

1325 

899 

1490 

17^0 

1726 

1687 

1316 

850 

644 

2074 

1109 

628 

391 



121.546 
42193 



18 

14 

322 

13 

350 

75 

89 

103 

9 

616 

1011 

760 

3S9 

98 

35 

432 

247 

532 

171 

201 

13 

348 



2345! 
1218! 
1526, 

236 
2863 
2316 

817 

804 
17 
1077 
10H6 
1866 

837 
1102 

459 

119 

928 

441 

1775 

21 

40 

508' 

357 

487 j 

93 

1885 

2059 

882 
71 

128 
1963 

639 

132 

344 

8331 

293, 

516, 
1305 
1029 

94^ 
1221 

832 

127 
40 
10091 279 

8671 226 

132 8 

166 11 



77 
44 

1353 
218 
420 
671 
177 
309 
3 
49 
644 
196 
868 
830 
301 

1265 
742 
303 
404 

1421 



79353 



34228 



273 
68 

105 
89 

299 

585 

108 
12 
14 
56 

596 
95 

504 
28 
36 
9 
20 
47 

387 
14 
33 

293 

3 

39 

36 

94 

121 

346 
47 
13 
37 
16 



187 
133 



63 
130 
290 
101 
112 
3 

47 



238 
9 
14 

98 



1S76. 
President, 



Kep. Dem 



2345 

2591 

2364 

638 

3160 

4331 

1920 

1478 

262| 

2246 

3221J 

2736 

30561 

1452| 

1663: 

713! 

1418{ 

1749 

25231 

463j 

329! 

2243J 

343i 

8351 

374, 

4321' 

25(;5l 

2509' 

1246J 

061| 

3819' 

897| 

439 

1843 

2337 

17271 

1238! 

2113 

25S2' 

24:!9| 

2467 

1692' 

1299 

498. 

2759 

1031 

7o;i| 

57J 



3563 

1763 

1862 

227 

3682 

2917 

1008 

1044 

46 

15.38 

1701 

2304 

1189 

1165 

671 

304 

1246 

759 

2075 

116 

59 

861 

333 

502 

141 

2382 

2414 

1083 

422 

166 

2853 

631 

220 

579 

1317 

076 

795 

1661 

2412 

1315 

1508 

1341 

987 

39 

1017 

997 

149 

184 



17133: 112121 
59211 



Total vote, 1877, 245,760, 1870 (lncluding3949 Greenback), 292,943. 



VOTE FOR CONGRESSMEN, 1876. 



District. 


lU p. 


I 


171«8 


Tf 




16439 


III. 




174"3 


IV 


20770 


V 


1 9274 


VI 


18778 



Dem. I R. Maj 



14814 
14683 
16100 
9379 
11154 
14719 



2374 
1756 
1323 
11391 

8120 

4o,",;t 



Maj. '74. 



32002 
31122 
33523 
30149 

30428 
X'A'M 



I). 1863 
R. 657 
D. 63 
R. 3824 
R. 5243 
R. 2724 



District. 



Rep. 



VII 19496 

VIII 19358 

IX 19563 



Dem. 



11688 
15236 
10583 



168289 118356 

i 



R. Maj. 



7808 
4122 
8980 



31184 
34594 
30146 



Maj. '74. 



R. 2300 
R. 2127 
R. 5849 



Total vote, 1874, 184,640 ; aggregate Republican majority, 24,524. *Including 5,460 Greenback votes.' 



Practical Rules for Every Day Use. 



Soto to find the gain or loss per cent, tvhen the cost and selling price 
are given. 

Rule. — Find the difference between the cost and selHng price, which 
will be the gain or loss. 

Annex two ciphers to the gain or loss, and divide it by the cost 
price ; the result will be the gain or loss per cent. 

How to change gold into currency. 

Rule. — -.Multiply the given sum of gold by the price of gold. 

Hoiv to change currency into gold. 

Divide the amount in currency by the price of gold. 

Uoiv to find each partner's share of the gaiyi or loss in a copartnership 
business. 

Rule. — Divide the whole gain or loss by the entire stock, the quo- 
tient will be the gain or loss per cent. 

Multiply each partner's stock by this per cent., the result will be 
each one's share of the gain or loss. 

How to find gross and net weight a^id price of hogs. 

A short and simple method for finding the net iveight^ or price of hogs, 
when the gross weight or price is given, and vice versa. 

Note.— It is generally assumed that the gross weight of Hogs diiuinislied by 1-5 or 20 per cent. 
of itself gives the net weight, autl the net weight increased by K or 25 per cent, of itself equals the 
gross weight. 

To find the net iveight or gross price. 

Multiply the given number by .8 (tenths.) 

To find the gross weight or 7iet price. 

Divide the given number by .8 (tenths.) 

ITotv to find the capacity of a granary, bin, or ivagon-bed. 

Rule. — Multiply (by short method) the number of cubic feet by 
6308, and point off one decimal place — the result will be the correct 
nswer in bushels and tenths of a bushel. 

For only an ajjproximate answer, multiply the cubic feet by 8, and 
point off one decimal place. 

Hotv to find the contents of a corn-crib. 

Rule. — Multiply the number of cubic feet by 54, short method, or 

(2G5) 



206 MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION. 

by 4i ordinary method, and point off one decimal i^lace — the result will 
be the answer in bushels. 

Note —In estimating corn in the ear, the quality and the time it has been cribbed must be taken 
Into consideration, since corn will shrinlc considerably during the Winter and Spring. This rule generally holds 
good for corn measured at the time it is cribbed, provided it is sound and clean. 

How to find the contents of a cistern or tank. 

Rule. — Multiply the square of the mean diameter by the depth (all 
in feet) and this product by 5681 (short method), and point off one 
decimal place — the result will be the contents in barrels of 31^ gallons. 

How to find the contents of a barrel or cask. 

Rule. — Under the square of the mean diameter, write the length 
(all in inches) in reverpj:d order, so that its units will fall under the 
TENS ; multiply by short method, and this product again by 430 ; point 
off one decimal place, and the result will be the answer in wine gallons. 

Hoiv to measure boards. 

Rule. — Multiply the length (in feet) by the width (in inches) and 
divide the product by 12 — the result will be the contents in square feet. 

How to measure scantlings^ joists, planks, sills, etc. 

Rule. — Multiply the width, the thickness, and the length together 
(the width and thickness in inches, and the length in feet), and divide 
the product by 12 — the result will be square feet. 

Jlotv to find the mimber of acres in a body of land. 

Rule. — Multiply the length by the width (in rods), and divide the 
product by 160 (carrying the division to 2 decimal places if there is a 
remainder) ; the result will be the answer in acres and hundredths. 

When the opposite sides of a piece of land are of unequal length, 
add them together and take one-half for the mean length or width. 

Hoiv to find the number of square yards in a foor or loall. 

Rule. — Multiply the length by the width or height (in feet), and 
divide the product by 9, the result will be square yards. 

How to find the number of bricks required in a building. 

RuLK. — Multiply the number of cubic feet by 22J. 

The number of cubic feet is found by multiplying the length, height 
nd thickness (in feet) together. 

Bricks are usually made 8 inches long, 4 inches wide, and two inches 
thick ; hence, it requires 27 bricks to make a cubic foot without mortar, 
but it is generally assumed that the mortar fills 1-6 of the space. 

How to find the number of shingles required in a roof. 

Rule. — Multiply the number of square feet in the roof by 8, if the 
shingles are exposed 4^ inches, or by 7 1-5 if exposed 5 inches. 

To find the number of square feet, multiply the length of the roof by 
twice the length of the rafters. 



MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION. 267 

To find the length of the rafters, at one-fourth pitch, multiply the 
width of the building by .56 (hundredths) ; at one-third pitch, by ,6 
(tenths) ; at two-fifths pitch, by .64 (hundredths) ; at one-half 
pitch, by .71 (hundredths). This gives the length of the rafters from 
the apex to the end of the wall, and whatever they are to project must be 
taken into consideration. 

Note.— By 3< or 3^ pitch is meant tliat tlie apex or comb of tUe roof Is to be X or X the wldtb of the 
building higher than the walls or base of the rafters. " 

Hota to reckon the cost of hay. 

Rule. — Multiply the number of pounds by half the price per ton, 
and remove the decimal point three places to the left. 

How to measure grain. 

Rule. — Level the grain ; ascertain the space it occupies in cubic 
feet ; multiply the number of cubic feet by 8, and point off one place to 
the left. 

Note.— E.xactness requires the addition to every three hundred bushels of one extra bushel. 

The foregoing rule may be used for finding the number of gallons, by 
multiplying the number of bushels by 8. 

If the corn in the box is in the ear, divide the answer by 2, to find 
the number of bushels of shelled corn, because it requires 2 bushels of eai 
corn to make 1 of shelled corn. 

Rapid rules for measuring land tvithout iyistruments. 

In measuring land, the first thing to ascertain is the contents of any 
given plot in square yards ; then, given the number of yards, find out the 
number of rods and acres. 

The most ancient and simplest measure of distance is a step. Now, 
an ordinary-sized man can train himself to cover one yard at a stride, on 
the average, with sufficient accuracy for ordinary purposes. 

To make use of this means of measuring distances, it is essential to 
walk in a straight line ; to do this, fix the eye on two objects in a line 
straight ahead, one comparatively near, the other remote ; and, in walk- 
ing, keep these objects constantly in line. 

Farmers and others hy adopting the folloiving simple and ingenious con- 
trivance., may always carry ivith them the scale to construct a correct yard 
measure. 

Take a foot rule, and commencing at the base of the little finger oJ 
the left hand, mark the quarters of the foot on the outer borders of the 
left arm, pricking in the marks with indelible ink. 

To find how many rods in length tvill make an acre., the width being given,. 
Rule. — Divide 160 by the width, and the quotient will be the answer. 



268 MISCELLA.NEOUS INFORMATION. 

Hoto to find the number of acres in any plot of land, the number of rods 
being given. 

Rule. — Divide the number of rods by 8, multiply the quotient by 5, 
and remove the decimal point two places to the left. 

The diameter being given, to find the circumference. 

Rule. — Multiply the diameter by 3 1-7. 

Hoio to find the diameter, when the circumference is given. 

Rule. — Divide the circumference by 3 1-7. 

To find hoiv many solid feet a round stick of timber of the same thick- 
ness throughout will contain when squared. 

Rule. — Square half the diameter in inches, multiply by 2, multiply 
by the length in feet, and divide the product by 144. 

General rule for measuring timber, to find the solid contents in feet. 

Rule. — Multiply the depth in inches by the breadth in inches, and 
then multiply by the length in feet, and divide by 144. 

To find the number of feet of timber in trees ivith the bark on. 

Rule. — Multiply the square of one-fifth of the circumference in 
inches, by twice the length, in feet, and divide by 144. Deduct 1-10 to 
1-15 according to the thickness of the bark. 

Soivard s new rule for computing interest. 

Rule. — The reciprocal of the rate is the time for which the interest 
on any sum of money will be shown by simply removing the decimal 
point two places to the left ; for ten times that time, remove the point 
one place to the left ; for 1-10 of the same time, remove the point three 
places to the left. 

Increase or diminish the results to suit the time given. 

NoTE.-Tlie reciproial of the rate is found by inverting the rate ; thus 3 per cent, per month, jn- 
verted, l)ecomos }i of a month, or 10 ilays. 

When the rate is expressed by one figure, always write it thus : 3-1, 
three ones. 

Hule for converting English into American currency. 
Multiply the pounds, with the shillings and pence stated in decimals, 
by 400 plus the premium in fourths, and divide the product by 90. 

U. S. GOVERNMENT LAND MEASURE. 

A township — 36 sections each a mile square. 
A section — 640 acres. 

A quarter section, half a mile square — 160 acres. 
An eighth section, half a mile long, north and south, and a quarter 
of a mile wide — 80 acres. 

A sixteenth section, a quarter of a mile square — 40 acres. 



MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION. 269 

The sections are all numbered 1 to 36, commencing at the north-east 
corner. 

The sections are divided into quarters, which are named bv the 
cardinal points. The quarters are divided in the same way. The de- 
scription of a forty acre lot would read : The south half of the west half of 
the south-west quarter of section 1 in township 24, north of range 7 west, 
or as the case might be ; and sometimes will fall short and sometimes 
overrun the number of acres it is supposed to contain. 

The nautical mile is 795 4-5 feet longer than the common mile. 

SURVEYORS' MEASURE. 

7 92-100 inches make 1 link. 

25 links " 1 rod. 

4 rods " 1 chain. 

80 chains " 1 mile. 

Note. — A chain is 100 links, equal to 4 rods or 66 feet. 

Shoemakers formerly used a subdivision of the inch called a barley- 
corn ; three of which made an inch. 

Horses are measured directly over the fore feet, and the standard of 
measure is four inches — called a hand. 

In Biblical and other old measurements, the term span is sometimes 
used, which is a length of nine inches. 

The sacred cubit of the Jews was 24.024 inches in length. 

The common cubit of the Jews was 21.704 inches in length. 

A pace is equal to a yard or 36 inches. 

A fathom is equal to 6 feet. 

A league is three miles, but its length is variable, for it is strictly 
speaking a nautical term, and should be three geographical miles, equal 
to 3.45 statute miles, but when used on land, three statute miles are said 
to be a league. 

In cloth measure an aune is equal to li yards, or 45 inches. 

An Amsterdam ell is equal to 26.796 inches. 

A Trieste ell is equal to 25.284 inches. 

A Brabant ell is equal to 27.116 inches. 

HOW TO KEEP ACCOUNTS. 

Every farmer and mechanic, whether he does much or little business, 
should keep a record of his transactions in a clear and systematic man- 
ner. For the benefit of those who have not had the opportunit}^ of ac- 
quiring a primary knowledge of the principles of book-keeping, we here 
present a simple form of keeping accounts which is easily comprehended, 
and well adapted to record the business transactions of farmers, mechanics 
and laborers. 



270 



3IISCELLAI«EOUS INFORMATION. 



1875. 



A. H. JACKSOX. 



Dr. 



Cr. 



Jan. 


10 


i; 


17 


Feb. 


4 


u 


4 


March 


8 


(( 


8 


(i 


13 


(( 


27 


April 


9 
9 


May 


G 
24 


July 


4 



To 7 bushels Wheat at 81.25 

By shoeing span of Horses ,.. 

To 14 bushels Oats at S .45 

To 5 lbs. Butter at .25 

By new Harrow - - 

By sharpening 2 Plows 

By new Double-Tree 

To Cow and Calf , 

To half ton of Hay 

By Cash : - - 

By repairing Corn-Planter 

To one Sow with Pigs 

By Cash, to balance account .. 



88 

6 
1 



48 
6 



17 



888 



50 



05 



82 

18 
2 



25 
4 

35 



888 



50 



00 
40 



00 
75 

15 



05 



1875. 



CASS A MASON. 



Dr. 



Cr. 



March 21 
" 21 
" 23 

May 1 
1 


By 3 days' labor 

To 2 Shoats 

To 18 bushels Corn 

By 1 month's Labor .. . 


at 81.25 

at 3.00 

at .45 


8G 
8 

10 

2 
2 

20 

18 


00 
10 

00 

75 
70 

00 
20 


$3 

25 
12 

18 
9 


75 
00 


To Cash . - - - - 




June 19 


By 8 days' Mowing 


at 81.50 


00 


" 26 


To 50 lbs. Flour 




July 10 
" 29 

Aug. 12 
" 12 


To 27 lbs. Meat 


at 8 .10 




By 9 days' Harvesting 

By G days' Labor 

To Cash .. 


at 2.00 

at 1.50 


00 
00 


Sept. 1 


To Cash to balance account 










867 


75 


867 


75 



INTEREST TABLE. 

A SiMPLK RCLK FOR ACCURATELY COMPOTINO INTEREST AT ANY GiVBX PkK CENT. VOR ANY 

Length op Time. 
Multiply the principal (.amount of money at interest) by the Uinc reduced to days; then divide this product 
by the Quotient obtained by dividing 360 (the number of days in the interest year; by the per cent, of interest, 
andt/ie quotient thus obtained will be the required interest. 

ILLUSTRATION. Solution. 

Requlretholnterestof S462.50for one month and eighteen days at 6 per cent. An $462.50 

Interest month is 30 days; one month and eighteen days equal 48 days. S4b2.50 multi- .48 

plied by .48 gives S222. 0000; 360 divided by 6 (the ))er cent, of interest ) gives 60, and 

«22-).0000 divided l)y 60 will give vou the exact interest, which is S3. 70. Iftherateof 370000 

interest in tlie altove example were 12 per cent., we would divide the §222.0000 by 30 6)360 \ 185000 

(because 360 divided by 12 gives 3()); If 4 per cent., we would divide by 90; if 8 per 1 

cent., by 45: and in liko manner for any other per cent, 60/$222. 0000(83.70 

180 

420 
420 



12 units, or things, 1 Dozen. 
12 dozen, 1 Gross. 
20 things, 1 Score. 



MISCELLANEOUS TABLE. 

196 pounds, 1 Rarrel of Flour, j 24 sheets of paper, 1 Quire. 
200 pounds, 1 IJarrel of Pork. 20 quires paper 1 Ream. 
1 56 pounds, 1 Firkin of Butter. | 4 ft. wide, 4 f. high, and 8 ft. long, 1 Cord Wood. 



MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION. 271 

NAMES OF THE STATES OF THE UNION, AND THEIR SIGNIFICATIONS. 

Virginia. — The oldest of the States, was so called in honor of Queen 
Elizabeth, the "Virgin Queen," in whose reign Sir Walter Raleigh made 
his first attempt to colonize that region. 

Florida. — Ponce de Leon landed on the coast of Florida on Easter 
Sunday, and called the country in commemoration of the day, which was 
the Pasqua Florida of the Spaniards, or " Feast of Flowers." 

Louisiana was called after Louis the Fourteenth, who at one time 
owned that section of the country. 

Alabama was so named by the Indians, and signifies " Here we Rest." 

Mississippi is likewise an Indian name, meaning " Long River." 

Arkansas, from Kansas, the Indian word for " smoky water." Its 
prefix was really arc, the French word for " bow." 

The Carolinas were originally one tract, and were called "Carolana," 
after Charles the Ninth of France. 

G-eorgia owes its name to George the Second of England, who first 
established a colony there in 1732. 

Tennessee is the Indian name for the " River of the Bend," i. e., the 
Mississippi which forms its western boundary. 

Kentucky is the Indian name for " at the head of the river." 

Ohio means " beautiful ; " Iowa, " drowsy ones ; " Minnesota, " cloudy 
water," and Wisconsin, "wild-rushing channel." 

Illinois is derived from the Indian word illini, men, and the French 
suffix ols, together signifying " tribe of men." 

3Iichigan was called by the name given the Isike, fish-weir, which was 
so styled from its fancied resemblance to a fish trap. 

Missouri is from the Indian word " muddy," which more properly 
applies to the river that flows through it. 

Oregon owes its Indian name also to its principal river. 

Cortes named California. 

Massachusetts is the Indian for " The country around the great hills." 

Connecticut, from the Indian Quon-ch-ta-Cut, signifying " Long 
River." 

Maryland, after Henrietta Maria, Queen of Charles the First, of 
England. 

New York was named by the Duke of York. 

Pennsyhiania means " Penn's woods," and was so called after William 
Penn, its orignal owner. 



272 



MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION. 



Delaware after Lord De La Ware. 

Neiv Jersey, so called in honor of Sir George Carteret, who was 
Governor of the Island of Jersey, in the British Channel. 

Maine was called after the province of Maine in France, in compli- 
ment of Queen Henrietta of England, who owned that province. 

Vermont, from the French word Vert Mont, signifying Green 
Mountain. 

Neiv Hampshire, from Hampshire county in England. It was 
formerly called Laconia. 

The little State of Rhode Island owes its name to the Island of 
Rhodes in the Mediterranean, which domain it is said to greatly 
resemble. 

Texas is the American word for the Mexican name by which all that 
section of the country was called before it was ceded to the United States. 



POPULATION OF THE 
UNITED STATES. 



States and Territories. 



Total 
Population. 



Alabama 

Arkansas 

California 

Connecticut 

Delaware 

Florida 

Georgia 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massachusetts 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

Mississippi 

Missouri 

Nebraslia 

Nevada 

New Hampshire. 

New Jersey 

New York 

North Carolina .. 

Ohio 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania 

Rhode Island 

8outh Carolina... 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Vermont 

Virginia 

West Virginia 

Wisconsin .. 



Total States., 



Arizona 

Colorada 

Dakota 

District of Columbia. 

Idaho 

Montana 

New Mexico 

tJtJh 

VCasnlngton 

Wyoming 



Total Territories ... 
Total United States. 



996, 992 

484.471 

560,247 

537,454 

125,015 

187,748 

1.184,109 

2,539,891 

1,680,637 

1,191,792 

364,399 

1,321,011 

726,915 

626,915 

780,894 

1.457,351 

1,184,059 

439,706 

827,922 

1,721,295 

122,993 

42,491 

318.300 

906.096 

4,382.759 

1,071,361 

2,66.5,260 

90.923 

3.521,791 

217,353 

705,606 

1,258,520 

818,579 

330,551 

1,225,163 

442.014 

1,054,670 

38.113,253 



9,658 
39,864 
14,181 
131.700 
14,999 
20,595 
91,874 
86,786 
23,955 
9,118 



442,730 



38.555,983 



POPULATION OF FIFTY 
PRINCIPAL CITIES. 



Aggregate 
Population. 



New York, N. Y 

Philadelphia, Pa 

Brooklyn, N. Y 

St. Louis, Mo 

Chicago, 111 

Baltimore, Md 

Boston, Mass 

Cincinnati, Ohio 

New Orleans, La. ... 
San Francisco, cal. . . 

Buffalo, N. Y 

Washington, D. C... 

Newark, N.J 

Louisville, Ky 

Cleveland, Ohio 

Pittsburg, Pa 

Jersey City. N. J 

Detroit. Mich 

Milwaukee. Wis 

Albany. N. Y 

Providence, R. I 

Rochester, N. Y 

Allegheny, Pa 

Richmond, Va 

New Haven, Conn... 

Chirleston, .S. C 

Indianapolis, Ind 

Troy, N. Y 

Syracuse, N. Y.. 

Worcester, Mass 

Lowell, Mass 

Memphis, Tenii 

Caml)ridge, Mass 

Hartford. Conn 

.Scranton, Pa 

Reading, Pa 

Paterson. N. J 

Kansas City, Mo 

Mot)ile, Ala 

Toledo, Ohio 

Portland, Me 

Columbus, Ohio 

Wilmington, Del 

Dayton, Ohio 

Lawrence, Mass 

Utica. N. Y 

Charlestown, Mass. 

Savannah, Ga 

Lynn. Mass 

Fall River. Mass 



942,292 

674,022 

396,099 

310,864 

298.977 

267,354 

2,50, ,526 

216,239 

191,418 

149.473 

117,714 

109,199 

105,059 

100.753 

92,829 

86,076 

82,546 

79,577 

71,440 

69,422 

68,904 

62,386 

53.180 

51,038 

50.840 

48,956 

48.244 

46.465 

43,051 

41,105 

40,928 

40.226 

39,634 

37,180 

35,092 

33.930 

33,579 

32,260 

32,034 

31,584 

31,413 

31,274 

30.841 

80,473 

28,921 

28,804 

28,323 

28,235 

28,233 

26,766 



MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION. 



273 



POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES. 



States and 
Territouies. 



states. 

Alabama 

Arkansas 

California 

Connectirut 

Delaware 

FlorUla 

Georgia 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massachusetts.. . 

Michigan* 

Minnesota 

Mississippi 

Missouri 

Nebraslva 

Nevada 

New Hampshire. 

New Jersey 

New Yorlv 

North Carolina.. 

Ohio 

Oregon 

* Last Census of 



Area m 
square 



198 
981 
674 
120 
268 
OUO 
410 
809 
045 
318 
600 
346 
776 
184 
800 
451 
531 
156 
350 
9P5 
090 
280 
320 
000 
704 
964 
244 
Mich 



POPl'LATION 



Milesi 
R. K.| 
1875. II 



1,350,544 
528,349 



857,039 



996,992 

484.471 

560,247 

537,454 

135,015 

187,748 
,184,109 
,539,891 
,680,637 
,191.792 

364,399 
,321,011 

726,915 

626,915 

780,894 
,457,351 
,184,059 

439,706 

827,922 
,721,295 

123.993 
42,491 

318,300 

906,096 
,382,759 
,071,361 
,66.5,260 
90,933 
igan taken in 1874- 



1,651,912 
1,334,031 

598,439 



246.380 
52,540 



1,026,502 
4,705,308 



State.s and 
Territories. 



States. 

Pennsylvania 

Rhode Island 

South Carolina... 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Vermont 

Virginia 

West Virginia 

Wisconsin 



Total States. 



Territories. 

Arizona 

Colorado 

Dakota 

Dist. of Columbia. 

Idaho 

Jlontana 

New Mexico 

Utah 

Washington 

Wyoming 



Total Territories. 



Area in 
square 
Miles. 



46,000 
1,306 
29,385 
45,600 
237,504 
10,212 
40,904 
23,000 
53,934 



1,950,171 



113,916 

104,500 

147,490 

60 

90,932 

143,776 

121.201 

80,056 

69,944 

93,107 



965,032 



roPfLATIOX. 



1870. 



3,521,791 
217,353 
705,606 

1,358,520 
818,579 
330,551 

1,225,163 
442,014 

1,054.670 



38,113,253 



9,658 
39,864 
14,181 
131,700 
14,999 
20,595 
91.874 
86,786 
23.955 

9,118 



442,730 



258,239 
935,145 



1,236,' 



Miles 
11. R. 

1872. 



5,113 
136 

1.201 

1,520 
865 
675 

1,490 
485 

1,725 



59,587 



375 

■498 



1.265 



Aggregate of U. S.. 2,915,203 38,555,983 C0,853 

* Included in the Railroad Mileage of Maryland. 



PRINCIPAL COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD; 

]^OPULATION AND ArEA. 



Countries. 



China 

British Empire 

Russia 

United States with Alaska 

France 

Austria and Hungary 

Japan " 

Great Britain and Ireland 

German Empire 

Italy 

Spam 

Brazil 

Turkey 

Mexico 

Sweden and Norway 

Persia 

Belgium 

Bavaria 

Portugal 

Holland 

New Grenada 

Chili 

Switzerland 

Peru 

Bolivia 

Argentine Republic 

Wurtemburg 

Denmark 

Venezuela 

Baden 

Greece 

Guatemala 

Ecuador 

Paraguay 

Hesse 

Liberia 

San Salvador 

Hayti 

Nicaragua 

Uruguay 

Hondu ras 

San Domingo 

Costa Rica 

Hawaii 



Population. 



446,500.000 

236,817,108 

81,935,410 

38,935,600 

.36,469.800 

35.904,400 

34,78,5.300 

31,817,100 

29,906,093 

37.439,921 

16,642,000 

10,000.000 

16,463,000 

9,173,000 

5,931,500 

5,000,000 

5,021,300 

4,861,400 

3,995,200 

3,688.300 

3,000,000 

2,000,000 

3,669,100 

2,500,000 

2,000.000 

1,812,000 

1,818,-500 

1,784,700 

1,500,000 

1,461,400 

1,457.900 

1,180,000 

1,300,000 

1.000,000 

823,138 

718,000 

600,000 

572.000 

3.50,000 

300,000 

350,000 

136,000 

165,000 

62,950 



Date of 
Census. 



1871 
1871 
1871 
1870 
1866 
1869 
1871 
1871 
1871 
1871 
1867 



1869 
1870 
1870 
1869 
1871 
1868 
1870 
1870 
1869 
1870 
1871 

'1869 
1871 
1870 

"isVi 

1870 
1871 

1871 

'isVi 

1871 

'1871 
1871 
1871 

'is'fo 



Inhabitants 

to Square 

Mile. 



119.3 

48.6 

10.3 

7.78 

178.7 

149.4 

333.8 

362.3 

187. 

230.9 

85. 

3.07 
34.4 



20. 
7.8 
441.5 
165.9 
115.8 
290.9 
8.4 
15.1 
166.9 
5.3 
4. 
3.1 
241.4 
120.9 
4.2 
247. 
75.3 
28.9 
5.9 
15.6 
277. 
74.9 
81.8 
56. 
6. 
6.5 
7.4 
7.6 
7.7 
80. 



Pekln 

Loudon 

St. Petersburg. 
Washington ... 

Paris 

Vienna 

Yeddo 

London 

Berlin 

Rome 

Madrid 

Rio Janeiro 

Constantinople 

Mexico 

Stockholm 

Teheran 

Brussels 

Munich 

Lisbon 

Hague 

Bogota 

.Santiago 

Berne 

Lima 

Chuquisaca 

Buenos Ay res.. 

Stuttgart 

Copenhagen 

Caraccas 

Carlsruhe 

Athens 

Guatemala 

Quito 

Asuncion 

Darmstadt 

Monrovia 

Sal Salvador . . . 
Port au Prince 

Managua 

Monte Video... 

Comayagua 

San Domingo... 

San Jose 

Honolulu 



Population. 



1,648,800 

3,251,800 

667,000 

109,199 

1,835,300 

833,900 

1,554,900 

3,351,800 

825,400 

244,484 

333,000 

420,000 

1,075,000 

210.300 

136,900 

120,000 

314,100 

169,500 

S24.063 

90,100 

45,000 

115,400 

36,000 

160,100 

25,000 

177.800 

91,600 

162,042 

47,000 

36,600 

43,400 

40,000 

70,000 

48,000 

30.000 

3,000 

15,000 

20,000 

10,000 

44,500 

12.000 

20.000 

2,000 

7,633 



ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 



BILLS OF EXCHANGE AND PROMISSORY NOTES. 

Upon negotiable bills, and notes payable in this State, grace shall be allowed 
according to the law merchant. All the above mentioned paper falling due on 
Sunday, New Year's Day, the Fourth of July, Christmas, or any day appointed 
or recommended by the President of the United States or the Governor of the 
State, as a day of fast or thanksgiving, shall be deemed as due on the day pre- 
vious. No defense can be made against a negotiable instrument (assigned before 
due) in the hands of the assignee without notice, except fraud was used in 
obtaining the same. To hold an indorser, due diligence must be used by suit 
against the maker or his representative. Notes payable to person named or to 
order, in order to absolutely transfer title, must be indorsed by the payee. 
Notes payable to bearer may be transferred by delivery, and when so payable, 
every indorser thereon is held as a guarantor of payment, unless otherwise 
expressed. 

In computing interest or discount on negotiable instruments, a month shall 
be considered a calendar month or twelfth of a year, and for less than a month, 
a day shall be figured a thirtieth part of a month. Notes only bear interest 
when so expressed ; but after due, they draw the legal interest, even if not 
stated. 

INTEREST. 

The legal rate of interest is six per cent. Parties may agree, in writing, 
on a rate not exceeding ten per cent. If a rate of interest greater than ten 
per cent, is contracted for, it works a forfeiture of ten per cent, to the school 
fund, and only the principal sum can be recovered. 

DESCENT. 

The personal property of the deceased (except (1) that necessary for pay- 
ment of debts and expenses of administration ; (2) property set apart to widow, 
as exempt from execution ; (3) allowance by court, if necessary, of twelve 
months' support to widow, and to children under fifteen years of age), including 
life insurance, descends as does real estate. 

One-third in value (absolutely) of all estates in real property, possessed by 
husband at any time during marriage, which have not been sold on execution 
or other judicial sale, and to which the wife has made no relin(|uishment of her 
right, shall be set apart as her property, in fee simple, if she survive him. 

The same share shall be set apart to the surviving husband of a deceased 
wife. 

The widow's share cannot be affected by any will of her husband's, unless 
she consents, in writing thereto, within six months after notice to her of pro- 
visions of the will. 



276 " ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 

The provisions of the statutes of descent apply alike to surviving husband 

or surviving wife. i . j- j 

Subject to the above, the remaining estate of which the decedent died 
siezed, shall in absence of other arrangements by will, descend 

First. To his or her children and their descendants in equal parts ; the 
descendants of the deceased child or grandchild taking the share of their 
deceased parents in equal shares among them. 

Second. Where there is no child, nor descendant of such child, and no 
widow or surviving husband, then to the parents of the deceased in equal parts ; 
the surviving parent, if either be dead, taking the whole ; and if there is no 
parent living, then to the brothers and sisters of the intestate and their descend- 
ants. 

Thii-d. When there is a widow or surviving husband, and no child or chil- 
dren, or descendants of the same, then one-half of the estate shall descend to 
such widoAv or surviving husband, absolutely ; and the other half of the estate 
shall descend as in other cases where there is no widow or surviving husband, 
or child or children, or descendants of the same. 

Fourth. If there is no child, parent, brother or sister, or descendants of 
either of them, then to wife of intestate, or to her heirs, if dead, according to 
like rules. 

Fifth. If any intestate leaves no child, parent, brother or sister, or de- 
scendants of either of them, and no widow or surviving husband, and no child, 
parent, brother or sister (or descendant of either of them) of such widow or 
surviving husband, it shall escheat to the State. 

WILLS AND ESTATES OF DECEASED PERSONS. 

No exact form of words are necessary in order to make a will good at law. 
Every male person of the age of twenty-one years, and every female of the age 
of eighteen years, of sound mind and memory, can make a valid will ; it must 
be in writing, signed by the testator, or by some one in his or her presence, and 
by his or her express direction, and attested by two or more competent wit- 
nesses. Care should be taken that the witnesses are not interested in the will. 
Inventory to be made by executor or administrator within fifteen days from 
date of letters testamentary or of administration. Executors' and administra- 
tors' compensation on amount of personal estate distributed, and for proceeds of 
sale of real estate, five per cent, for first one thousand dollars, two and one-half 
per cent, on overplus up to five thousand dollars, and one per cent, on overplus 
above five thousand dollars, with such additional allowance as shall be reasona- 
ble for extra services. 

Within ten days after the receipt of letters of administration, the executor 
or administrator shall give such notice of appointment as the court or clerk shall 
direct. 

Claims (other than preferred) must be filed within one year thereafter, are 
forever barred, unless the claim is pending in the District or Supreme Court, or 
unless peculiar circumstances entitle the claimant to equitable relief. 

Claims are classed and payable in the following order: 

1. Expenses of administration. 

2. Expenses of last sickness and funeral. 

3. Allowance to Avidow and children, if made by the court. 

4. Debts preferred under laws of the United States. 
o. Public rates and taxes. 



ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 277 

6. Claims filed within six months after the first publication of the notice 
given by the executors of their appointment, 

7. All other debts. 

8. Legacies. 

The award, or property which must be set apart to the widow, in her own 
right, by the executor, includes all personal property which, in the hands of the 
deceased, as head of a family, would have been exempt from execution. 

TAXES. 

The owners of personal property, on the first day of January of each year, 
and the owners of real property on the first day of November of each year, are 
liable for the taxes thereon. 

The following property is exempt from taxation, viz. : 

1. The property of the United States and of this State, including univer- 
sity, agricultural, college and school lands and all property leased to the State ; 
property of a county, township, city, incorporated town or school district when 
devoted entirely to the public use and not held for pecuniary profit ; public 
grounds, including all places for the burial of the dead; fire engines and all 
implements for extinguishing fires, with the grounds used exclusively for their 
buildings and for the meetings of the fire companies ; all public libraries, 
grounds and buildings of literary, scientific, benevolent, agricultural and reli- 
gious institutions, and societies devoted solely to the appropriate objects of these 
institutions, not exceeding 640 acres in extent, and not leased or otherAvise used 
with a view of pecuniary profit ; and all property leased to agricultural, charit- 
able institutions and benevolent societies, and so devoted during the term of such 
lease ; provided, that all deeds, by which such property is held, shall be duly 
filed for record before the property therein described shall be omitted from the 
assessment. 

2. The books, papers and apparatus belonging to the above institutions ; 
used solely for the purposes above contemplated, and the like property of stu- 
dents in any such institution, used for their education. 

3. Money and credits belonging exclusively to such institutions and devoted 
solely to sustaining them, but not exceeding in amount or income the sum pre- 
scribed by their charter. 

4. Animals not hereafter specified, the wool shorn from sheep, belonging to 
the person giving the list, his fiirm produce harvested within one year previous 
to the listing; private libraries not exceeding three hundred dollars in value; 
family pictures, kitchen furniture, beds and bedding requisite for each family, 
all wearing apparel in actual use, and all food provided for the fiimily ; but no 
person from whom a compensation for board or lodging is received or expected, 
is to be considered a member of the family within the intent of this clause. 

5. The polls or estates of both of persons who, by reason of age or infirm- 
ity may, in the opinion of the Assessor, be unable to contribute to the public 
revenue ; such opinion and the fact upon which it is based, being in all cases 
reported to the Board of Equalization by the Assessor or any other person, and 
subject to reversal by them. 

G. The farming utensils of any person who makes his livelihood by farming, 
and the tools of any mechanic, not in either case to exceed three hundred dollars 
in value. 

7. Government lands entered or located or lands purchased from this State, 
should not be taxed for the year in which the entry, location or purchase is 
made. 



278 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 

There is also a suitable exemption, in amount, for planting fruit trees or 

forest trees or hedges. 

Where buildings are destroyed by fire, tornado or other unavoidable casu- 
alty, after being ifssessed for the year, the Board of Supervisors may rebate 
taxes for that year on the property destroyed, if same lias not been sold for 
taxes, and if said taxes have not been delinquent for thirty days at the time of 
destruction of the property, and the rebate shall be allowed for such loss only 
as is not covered by insurance. 

All other property is subject to taxation. Every inhabitant of full age and 
sound mind shall assist the Assessor in listing all taxable property of which 
he is the owner, or which he controls or manages, either as agent, guardian, 
father, husband, trustee, executor, accounting officer, partner, mortgagor or 
lessor, mortgagee or lessee. 

Road beds of railway corporations shall not be assessed to owners of adja- 
cent property, but shall be considered the property of the companies for pur- 
poses of taxation ; nor shall real estate used as a public highway be assessed 
and taxed as part of adjacent lands whence the same was taken for such public 
purpose. 

The property of railway, telegraph and express companies shall be listed 
and assessed for taxation as the property of an individual would be listed and 
assessed for taxation. Collection of taxes made as in the case of an individual. 

The Township Board of Equalization shall meet first Monday in April of 
each year. Appeal lies to the Circuit Court. 

The County Board of E(|alization (the Board of Supervisors) meet at their 
regular session in June of each year. Appeal lies to the Circuit Court. 

Taxes become delinquent February 1st of each year, payable, without 
interest or penalty, at any time before March 1st of each year. 

Tax sale is held on first Monday in October of each year. 

Redemption may be made at any time within three years after date of sale, 
by paying to the County Auditor the amount of sale, and twenty fer centum of 
such amount immediately added as penalty, ivith ten i^er cent, interest per 
annum on the whole amount thus made from the day of sale, and also all sub- 
sequent taxes, interest and costs paid by purchaser after March 1st of each 
year, and a &\m\hxv 2^enalty of twenty per centum added as before, with ten per 
cent, interest as before. 

If notice has been given, by purchaser, of the date at which the redemption 
is limited, the cost of same is added to the redemption money. Ninety days' 
notice is required, by the statute, to be published by the purchaser or holder of 
certificate, to terminate the right of redemption. 

JURISDICTION OF COURTS. 

DISTRICT COURTS 
have jurisdiction, general and original, both civil and criminal, except in such 
cases where Circuit Courts have exclusive jurisdiction. District Courts have 
exelnsu'e supervision over courts of Justices of the Peace and Magistsates, in 
criminal matters, on appeal and writs of error. 

CIRCUIT COURTS 
have jurisdiction, general and original, with the District Courts, in all civil 
actions and sipecial livoceedings, und exclusive jurisdiction in all appeals and 
writs of error from inferior courts, in civil matters. And exclusive jurisdiction 
in matters of estates and general probate business. 

J 



ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 279 

JUSTICES OF THE PEACE 
have jurisdiction in civil matters where $100 or less is involved. By consent 
of parties, the jurisdiction may be extended to an amount not exceeding $300. 
They have jurisdiction to try and determine all public oifense less than felony, 
committed within their respective counties, in which tlce fine, by law, does not 
exceed ^100 or the imprisonment thirty days. 

LIMITATION OF ACTIONS. 

Action for injuries to the person or reputation; for a stutute penalty; and 
to enforce a mechanics' lien, must be brought in two (2) years. 

Those against a public officer within three (3) years. 

Those founded on unwritten contracts; for injuries to property; for relief 
on the ground of fraud ; and all other actions not otherwise provided for, within 
five (5) years. 

Those founded on written contracts; on judgments of any court (except 
those provided for in next section), and for the recovery of real property, within 
ten (10) years. 

Those founded on judgment of any court of record in the United States, 
within twenty (20) years. 

All above limits, except those for penalties and forfeitures, are extended in 
favor of minors and insane persons, until one year after the disability is removed 
— time during which defendant is a non-resident of the State shall not be 
included in computing any of the above periods. 

Actions for the recovery of real property, sold for non-payment of taxes, 
must be brought within five years after the Treasurer's Deed is executed 
and recorded, except where a minor or convict or insane person is the owner, 
and they shall be allowed five years after disability is removed, in which to 
bring action. 

JURORS. 

All qualified electors of the State, of good moral character, sound judgment, 
and in full possession of the senses of hearing and seeing, are competent jurors 
in their respective counties. 

United States officers, practicing attorneys, physicians and clergymen, 
acting professors or teachers in institutions of learning, and persons disabled by 
bodily infirmity or over sixty-five years of age, are exempt from liability to act 
as jurors. 

Any person may be excused from serving on a jury when his own interests 
or the public's will be materially injured by his attendance, or when the state of 
his health or the death, or sickness of his family requires his absence. 

A MARRIED WOMAN 

may convey or incumber real estate, or interest therein, belonging to her ; may 
control the same or contract with reference thereto, as other persons may con- 
vey, encumber, control or contract. 

She may own, acquire, hold, convey and devise property, as her husband 

Her husband is not liable for civil injuries committed by her. 

She may convey property to her husband, and he may convey to her. 

She may constitute her husband her attorney in fact. 



280 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 

EXEMPTIONS FROM EXECUTION. 

A resident of the State and head of a family may hold the following prop- 
erty exempt from execution : All wearing apparel of himself and family kept for 
actual use and suitable to the condition, and the trunks or other receptacles nec- 
essary to contain the same ; one musket or rifle and shot-gun ; all private 
libraries, family Bibles, portraits, pictures, musical instruments, and paintings 
not kept for the purpose of sale ; a seat or pew occupied by the debtor or his 
family in any house of public worship ; an interest in a public or private burying 
ground not exceeding one acre; two cows and a calf; one horse, unless a horse 
is exempt as hereinafter provided ; fifty sheep and the wool therefrom, and the 
materials manufactured from said wool ; six stands of bees ; live hogs and all 
pigs under six months ; the necessary food for exempted animals for six months ; 
all flax raised from one acre of ground, and manufactures therefrom ; one bed- 
stead and necessary bedding for every two in the family ; all cloth manufactured 
by the defendant not exceeding one hundred yards ; household and kitchen fur- 
niture not exceeding two hundred dollars in value ; all spinning wheels and 
looms ; one sewing machine and other instruments of domestic laber kept for 
actual use ; the necessary provisions and fuel for the use of the family for six 
months ; the proper tools, instruments, or books of the debtor, if a farmer, 
mechanic, surveyor, clergyman, lawyer, physician, teacher or professor ; the 
horse or the team, consisting of not more than two horses or mules, or two yokes 
of cattle, and the wagon or other vehicle, with the proper harness or tackle, by 
the use of which the debtor, if a physician, public officer, farmer, teamster or 
other laborer, habitually earns his living ; and to the debtor, if a printer, there 
shall also be exempt a printing press and the types, furniture and material nec- 
essary for the use of such printing press, and a newspaper office to the value of 
twelve hundred dollars ; the earnings of such debtor, or those of his family, at 
any time within ninety days next preceding the levy. 

Persons unmarried and not the head of a family, and non-residents, have 
exempt their own ordinary wearing apparel and trunks to contain the same. 

There is also exempt, to a head of a family, a homestead, not exceeding forty 
acres ; or, if inside city limits, one-half acre with improvements, value not 
limited. The homestead is liable for all debts contracted prior to its ac(juisition 
as such, and is subject to mechanics' liens for work or material furnished for the 
same. 

An article, otherwise exempt, is liable, on execution, for the purchase 
money thereof 

Where a debtor, if a head of a family, has started to leave the State, he shall 
have exempt only the ordinary wearing apparel of himself and family, and 
other property in addition, as he may select, in all not exceeding seventv-five 
dollars in value. 

ESTRAYS. 

An unbroken animal shall not be taken up as an estray between May 1st 
and November 1st, of each year, unless the same be found within the lawful 
enclosure of a householder, who alone can take up such animal, unless some 
other person gives him notice of the fact of such animal coming on his place; 
and if he fails, within five days thereafter, to take up such estray, any other 
householder of the township may take up such estray and proceed with it as if 
taken on his own premises, provided he shall prove to the Justice of the Peace 
such notice, and shall make aflSdavit where such estray was taken up. 



ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 281 

Any swine, sheep, goat, horse, neat cattle or other animal distrained (for 
damage done to one's enclosure), when the owner is not known, shall be treated 
as an estray. 

Within five days after taking up an estray, notice, containing a full descrip- 
tion thereof, shall be posted up in three of the most public places in the town- 
ship ; and in ten days, the person taking up such estray shall go before a Justice 
of the Peace in the township and make oath as to where such estray Avas taken 
up, and that the marks or brands have not been altered, to his knowledge. The 
estray shall then be appraised, by order of the Justice, and the appraisement, 
description of the size, age, color, sex, marks and brands of the estray shall be 
entered by the Justice in a book kept for that purpose, and he shall, within ten 
days thereafter, send a certified copy thereof to the County Auditor. 

When the appraised value of an estray does not exceed five dollars, the 
Justice need not proceed further than to enter the description of the estray on 
his book, and if no owner appears within six months, the property shall vest in 
the finder, if he has complied with the law and paid all costs. 

Where appraised value of estray exceeds five and is less than ten dollars, if 
no OAvner appears in nine months, the finder has the property, if he has com- 
plied with the law and paid costs. 

An estray, legally taken up, may be used or worked with care and 
moderation. 

If any person unlaAvfulIy take up an estray, or take up an estray and fail to 
comply with the law regarding estrays. or use or Avork it contrary to above, or 
work it before having it appraised, or keep such estray out of the county more 
than five days at one time, before acquiring OAvnership, such offender shall foifeit 
to the county twenty dollars, and the owner may recover double damages Avith 
costs. 

If the owner of any estray fail to claim and prove his title for one year after 
the taking up, and the finder shall have complied with the law, a complete title 
vests in the finder. 

But if the OAvner appear Avithin eighteen months from the taking up, prove 
his ownership and pay all costs and expenses, the finder shall pay him the 
appraised value of such estray, or may, at his option, deliver up the estray. 

MARKS AND BRANDS. 

Any person may adopt his own mark or brand for his domestic animals, and 
have a description thereof recorded by the Township Clerk. 

No person shall adopt the recorded mark or brand of any other person 
residing in his toAvnship. 

DAMAGES FROM TRESPASS. 

When any person's lands are enclosed by a Imvful fence, the owner of any 
domestic animal injuring said lands is liable for the damages, and the damages 
may be recovered by suit against the owner, or may be made by distraining the 
animals doing the damage ; and if the party injured elects to recover by action 
against the owner, no appraisement need be made by the Trustees, as in case of 
distraint. 

When trespassing animals are distrained within tAventy-four hours, Sunday 
not included, the party injured shall notify the owner of said animals, if known ; 
and if the owner fails to satisfy the party within twenty-four hours thereafter, 



282 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 

the party .shall have the township Trustees assess the damage, and notice shall 
be posted up in three conspicuous places in the township, that the stock, or part 
thereof, shall, on the tenth day after postiyig the notice, between the hours of 1 
and 3 P. M., be sold to the highest bidder, to satisfy said damages, with costs. 

Appeal lies, within twenty days, from the action of the Trustees to the Cir- 
cuit Court. 

\\^here stock is restrained, by police regulation or by law, from running at 
large, any person injured in his improved or cultivated lands by any domestic 
animal, may, by action against the owner of such animal, or by distraining such 
animal, recover his damages, whether the lands whereon the injury was done 
were inclosed by a lawful fence or not. 

FENCES. 

A lawful fence is fifty-four inches high, made of rails, wire or boards, with 
posts not more than ten feet apart where rails are used, and eight feet where 
boards are used, substantially built and kept in good repair ; or any other fence 
which, in the opinion of the Fence Viewers, shall be declared a lawful fence — 
provided the lower rail, wire or board be not more that twenty nor less than six- 
teen inches from the ground. 

The respective owners of lands enclosed with fences shall maintain partition 
fences between their own and next adjoining enclosure so long as they improve 
them in equal shares, unless otherwise agreed between them. 

If any party neglect to maintain such partition fence as he should maintain, 
the Fence Viewers (the township Trustees), upon complaint of aggrieved party, 
may, upon due notice to both parties, examine the fence, and, if found insuf- 
ficient, notify the delinquent party, in writing, to repair or re-build the same 
within such time as they judge reasonable. 

If the fence be not repaired or rebuilt accordingly, the complainant may do 
so, and the same being adjudged sufficient by the Fence Viewers, and the 
value thereof, with their fees, being ascertained and certified under their hands, 
the complainant may demand of the delinquent the sum so ascertained, and if 
the same be not paid in one month after demand, may recover it with one per 
cent a month interest, by action. 

In case of disputes, the Fence Viewers may decide as to who shall erect or 
maintain partition fences, and in what time the same shall be done; and in case 
any party neglect to maintain or erect such part as may be assigned to him, 
the aggrieved party may erect and maintain the same, and recover double 
damages. 

I ,;5*"No person, not wishing his land inclosed, and not using it otherwise than in 
common, shall be compelled to maintain any partition fence ; but when he uses 
or incloses his land otherwise than in common, he shall contribute to the parti- 
tion fences. 

Where parties have had their lands inclosed in common, and one of the 
owners desires to occupy his separate and apart from the other, and the other 
refuses to divide the line or build a sufficient fence on the line when divided, 
the Fence Viewers may divide and assign, and upon neglect of the other to 
budd as ordered by the Viewers, the one may build the other's part and 
recover as above. 

And when one incloses land which has lain uninclosed, he must pay for 
onc-hnlf of each partition fence between himself and his neighbors. 



ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 283 

Where one desires to lay not less than twenty feet of his lands, adjoining 
his neighbor, out to the public to be used in common, he must give his neighbor 
six months' notice thereof. 

Where a fence has been built on the land of another through mistake, the 
owner may enter upon such premises and remove his fence and material withn 
six months after the division line has been ascertained. W'here the material to 
build such a fence has been taken from the land on which it was built, then, 
before it can be removed, the person claiming must first pay for such material 
to the owner of the land from which it was taken, nor shall such a fence be 
removed at a time Avhen the removal will throw open or expose the crops of the 
other party; a reasonable time must be given beyond the six months to remove 
crops. 

MECHANICS' LIENS. 

Every mechanic, or other person who shall do any labor upon, or furnish 
any materials, machinery or fixtures for any building, erection or other improve- 
ment upon land, including those engaged in the construction or repair of any 
work of internal improvement, by virtue of any contract with the owner, his 
agent, trustee, contractor, or sub-contractor, shall have a lien, on complying 
with the forms of law, upon the building or other improvement for his labor 
done or materials furnished. 

It would take too large a space to detail the manner in which a sub- 
contractor secures his lien. He should file, within thirty days after the last of 
the labor was performed, or the last of the material shall have been furnished, 
with the Clerk of the District Court a true account of the amount due him, after 
allowino; all credits, setting forth the time when such material was furnished or 
labor performed, and when completed, and containing a correct description of 
the property sought to be charged with the lien, and the whole verified by 
affidavit. 

A principal contractor must file such an affidavit within ninety days, a.s 
above. 

Ordinarily, there are so many points to be examined in order to secure a 
mechanics' lien, that it is much better, unless one is accustomed to managing 
such liens, to consult at once with an attorney. 

Remember that the proper time to file the claim is ninety days for a princi- 
pal contractor, thirty days for a sub- contractor, as above ; and that actions to 
enforce these liens must be commenced within two years, and the rest can much 
better be done with an attorney. 

ROADS AND BRIDGES. 

Persons meeting each other on the public highways, shall give one half of 
the same by turning to the right. All persons failing to observe this rule shall 
be liable to pay all damages resulting therefrom, together with a fine, not exceed- 
ing five dollars. 

The prosecution must be instituted on the complaint of the person wronged. 

Any person guilty of racing horses, or driving upon the public highway, in 
a manner likely to endanger the persons or the lives of others, shall, on convic- 
tion, be fined not exceeding one hundred dollars or imprisoned not exceeding 
thirty days. 

It is a misdemeanor, without authority from the proper Road Supervisor, to 
break upon, plow or dig within the boundary lines of any public highway. 



284 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 

The money tax levied upon the property in each road district in each town- 
ship (except tiie general Township Fund, set apart for purchasing tools, machin- 
ery and fuide boards), whether collected by the Road Supervisor or County 
Treasurer, shall be expended for highway purposes in that district, and no part 
thereof shall be paid out or expended for the benefit of another district. 

The Road Supervisor of each district, is bound to keep the roads and bridges 
therein, in as good condition as the funds at his disposal will permit ; to put 
guide boards at cross roads and forks of highways in his district; and when noti- 
fied in writing that any portion of the public highway, or any bridge is unsafe, 
must in a reasonable time repair the same, and for this purpose may call out 
anv or all the able bodied men in the district, but not more than two days at 
one time, without their consent. 

Also, when notified in writing, of the growth of any Canada thistles upon 
vacant or non-resident lands or lots, within his district, the owner, lessee or 
agent thereof being unknown, shall cause the same to be destroyed. 

Bridges when erected or maintained by the public, are parts of the highway, 
and must not be less than sixteen feet wide. 

A penalty is imposed upon any one who rides or drives faster than a walk 
across any such bridge. 

The manner of establishing, vacating or altering roads, etc., is so well known 
to all township officers, that it is sufficient here to .say that the first step is by 
petition, filed in the Auditor's office, addressed in substance as follows : 

The Board of Supervisors of County : The undersigned asks that 

a highway, commencing at and running thence and terminating 

at , be established, vacated or altered (as the case may be.) 

When the petition is filed, all necessary and succeeding steps will be shown 
and explained to the petitioners by the Auditor. 

ADOPTION OF CHILDREN. 

Any person competent to make a will can adopt as his own the minor child 
of another. The consent of both parents, if living and not divorced or separ- 
ated, and if divorced or separated, or if unmarried, the consent of the parent 
lawfully having the custody of the child ; or if either parent is dead, then the 
consent of the survivor, or if both parents be dead, or the child have been and 
remain abandoned by them, then the consent of the Mayor of the city where 
the child is living, or if not in the city, then of the Clerk of the Circuit Court 
of the county shall be given to such adoption by an instrument in writing, 
signed by party or parties consenting, and stating the names of the parties, if 
known, the name of the child, if known, the name of the person adopting such 
child, and the residence of all, if known, and declaring the name by which the 
child is thereafter to be called and known, and stating, also, that such child is 
given to the person adopting, for the purpose of adoption as his own child. 

The person adopting shall also sign said instrument, and all the parties shall 
acknowled-^e the same in the manner that deeds conveying lands shall be 
acknowledfjed. 

The instrument shall be recorded in the office of the County Recorder. 

SURVEYORS AND SURVEYS. 

There is in every county elected a Surveyor known as County Surveyor, 
wlio has power to appoint deputies, for whose official acts he is responsible. It _ 
is the duty of the County Surveyor, either by himself or his Duputy, to make ■ 



ABSTRACT OF TOWA STATE LAWS. 285 

all surveys that he may be called upon to make within his county as soon as 
may be after application is made. The necessary chainmen and other assist- 
ance must be employed by the person requiring the same to be done, and to be 
by him paid, unless otherwise agreed ; but the chainmen must be disinterested 
persons and approved by the Surveyor and swrn by him to measure justly and 
impartially. Previous to any survey, he shall furnish himself with a copy of 
the field notes of the original survey of the same land, if there be any in the 
oflEice of the County Auditor, and his survey shall be made in accordance there- 
with. 

Their fees are three dollars per day. For certified copies of field notes, 
twenty-five cents. 

SUPPORT OF POOR. 

The father, mother and children of any poor person who has applied for aid, 
and who is unable to maintain himself by work, shall, jointly or severally, 
maintain such poor person in such manner as may be approved by the Town- 
ship Trustees. 

In the absence or inability of nearer relatives, the same liability shall extend 
to the grandparents, if of ability without personal labor, and to the male grand- 
children who are of ability, by personal labor or otherwise. 

The Township Trustees may, upon the failure of such relatives to maintain 
a poor person, who has made application for relief, apply to the Circuit Court 
for an order to compel the same. 

Upon ten days' notice, in writing, to the parties sought to be charged, a 
hearing may be had, and an order made for entire or partial support of the poor 
person. 

Appeal may be taken from such judgment as from other judgments of the 
Circuit Court. 

When any person, having any estate, abandons either children, wife or hus- 
band, leaving them chargeable, or likely to become chargeable, upon the public for 
support, upon proof of above fact, an order may be had from the Clerk of the 
Circuit Court, or Judge, authorizing the Trustees or the Sheriff to take into 
possession such estate. 

The Court may direct such personal estate to be sold, to be applied, as well 
as the rents and profits of the real estate, if any, to the support of children, 
wife or husband. 

If the party against whom the order is issued return and support the per- 
son abandoned, or give security for the same, the order shall be discharged, and 
the property taken returned. 

The mode of relief for the poor, through the action of the Township 
Trustees, or the action of the Board of Supervisors, is so well known to every 
township ofiicer, and the circumstances attending applications for relief are so 
varied, that it need now only be said that it is the duty of each county to pro- 
vide for its poor, no matter at what place they may be. 

LANDLORD AND TENANT. 

A tenant giving notice to quit demised premises at a time named, and after- 
ward holding over, and a tenant or his assignee willfully holding over the prem- 
ises after the term, and after notice to quit, shall pay double rent. 

Any person in possession of real property, with the assent of the owner, is 
presumed to be a tenant at will. 



286 ABSTRACT OF TOW A STATE LAWS. 

Thirty days" notice, in writing, is necessary to terminate a tenancy at will. 

In case of tenants occupying and cultivating farms, the notice must fix the 
termination of the tenancy to take place on March 1st; except that field 
tenants' or croppers' leases expire when crop is harvested ; provided, that in 
case of a corn crop, it shall not be later than December* 1st, unless otherwise 
agreed. 

But where an express agreement is made, whether reduced to writing or 
not, the tenancy shall cease at the time agreed upon, without notice. 

If such tenant cannot be found in the county, the notices above required 
may be given to any sub-tenant or other person in possession of the premises ; 
or, if the premises be vacant, by affixing the notice to the principal door of the 
building or in some conspicuous position on the land, if there be no building. 

The landlord shall have a lien for his rent upon all the crops grown on the 
premises, and upon any other personal property of the tenant used on the 
premises during the term, and not exempt from execution, for the period of one 
year after a year's rent or the rent of a shorter period claimed falls due ; but 
such lien shall not continue more than six months after the expiration of the 
term. 

The lien may be effected by the commencement of an action, within the 
period above prescribed, for the rent alone ; and the landlord is entitled to a writ 
of attachment, upon filing an affidavit that the action is commenced to rcover 
rent accrued within one year previous thereto upon the premises described in the 
affidavit. 

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. 

Whenever any of the following articles shall be contracted for, or sold or 
delivered, and no special contract or agreement shall be made to the contrary, 
the weight per bushel shall be as follows, to-wit: 

Apples, Peaches or Quinces, 48 I Sand 130 

Cherries, Grapes, Currants or Gooseberries, 40 I Sorghum Seed 30 

Strawberries, Raspberries or Blackberries, 32 I Broom Corn Seed 30 

Osage Orange Seed 32 | Buckwheat 52 

Millet vSeed 45 i Salt 50 

Stone Coal 80 Barley 48 

Lime 80 ! Corn Meal 48 

Corn in the ear 70 Castor Beans 46 

Wheat 60 Timothy Seed 45 

Potatoes 60 Hemp Seed 44 

Beans 60 Dried Peaches 33 

aover Seed 60 Oats 33 

Onions 67 | Dried Apples 24 

Shelled Corn 56 Bran 20 

Rye 56 Blue Grass Seed 14 

Flax Seed 56 Hungarian Grass Seed 45 

Sweet Potatoes 46 ! 

Penalty for giving less than the above standard is treble damages and costs 
and five dollars addition thereto as a fine. 

DEFINITION OF COMMERCIAL TERMS. 

$ means dollars, being a contraction of U. S., which was formerly placed 

before any denomination of money, and meant, as it means now, United States 
Currency. 

X means j)ounds, English money. 

(a stands for at or to ; tt) for pounds, and bbl. for barrels ; "^ for per or by 
■ he. Thus. Butter sells at 20(«.30c f ft), and Flour at 18^^12 ^ bbl. 



ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 287 

% for per cent, and # for number. 

May 1. Wheat sells at |1.20@$1.25, " seller June." Seller June means 
that the person who sells the wheat has the privilege of delivering it at any 
time during the month of June. 

Selling short, is contracting to deliver a certain amount of grain or stock, 
at a fixed price, within a certain length of time, when the seller has not the 
stock on hand. It is for the interest of the person selling "short" to depress 
the market as much as possible, in order that he may buy and fill his contract 
at a profit. Hence the "shorts" are termed "bears." 

Buying long, is to contract to purchase a certain amount of grain or shares 
of stock at a fixed price, deliverable within a stipulated time, expecting to make 
a profit by the rise in prices. The " longs " are termed " bulls," as it is for 
their interest to "operate" so as to "toss" the prices upward as much as 
possible. 

NOTES. 

Form of note is legal, worded in the simplest way, so that the amount and 
time of payment are mentioned : 

$100. Chicago, 111., Sept. 15, 1876. 

Sixty days from date I promise to pay to E. F. Brown or order, 
one hundred dollars, for value received. L. D. Lowry. 

A note to be payable in anything else than money needs only the facts sub- 
stituted for money in the above form. 

ORDERS. 

Orders should be worded simply, thus : 

Mr. F. H. Coats : Chicago, Sept. 15, 1876. 

Please pay to H. Birdsall, twenty-five dollars, and charge to 

F. D. SiLVA. 

RECEIPTS. 

Receipts should always state when received and what for, thus : 

$100. Chicago, Sept. 15, 1876. 

Received of J. VV. Davis, one hundred dollars, for services 
rendered in grading his lot in Fort Madison, on account. 

Thomas Brady. 
If receipt is in full, it should be so stated. 

BILLS OF PURCHASE. 

W. N. Mason, Salem, Illinois, Sept. 18, 1876. 

Bought of A. A. Graham. 

4 Bushels of Seed Wheat, at $1.50 $6 00 

2 Seamless Sacks " 30 60 



Received payment, $6 60 

A. A. Graham. 



288 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 

CONFESSION OF JUDGMENT. 

^ . , Iowa, , 18 — . 

after date — promises to pay to the order of , dollars, 

at , for value received, with interest at ten per cent, per annum after 

until paid. Interest payable , and on interest not paid when due, 

interest at same rate and conditions. 

A failure to pay said interest, or any part thereof, within 20 days after due. shall cause the 
whole note to become due nnd collectable at once. 

If this note is sued, or judgment is confessed hereon, $ shall be allowed as attorney fees. 

No. — . P. 0. , . 

COFFESSION OF .JUDGMENT. 

— vs. — . In Court of County, Iowa, , of 

County, Iowa, do hereby confess that justly indebted to , in the 

sum of dollars, and the further sum of f as attorney fees, with 

interest thereon at ten per cent, from , and — hereby confess judgment 

against as defendant in favor of said , for said sum of $ , 

and $ as attorney fees, hereby authorizing the Clerk of the Court of 

said county to enter up judgment for said sum against with costs, and 

interest at 10 per cent, from , the interest to be paid . 

Said debt and judgment being for . 

It is especially agreed, however, That if this judgment is paid within twenty 

days after due, no attorney fees need be paid. And hereby sell, convey 

and release all right of homestead we now occupy in favor of said so 

far as this judgment is concerned, and agree that it shall be liable on execution 
for this judgment. 

Dated , 18 — . — '■ . 



The State of Iowa, ) 

County. / 

being duly sworn according to law, depose and say that the forego- 
ing statement and Confession of Judgment was read over to , and that — 

understood the contents thereof, and that the statements contained therein are 

true, and that the sums therein mentioned are justly to become due said 

as aforesaid. 



Sworn to and subscribed before me and in my presence by the said 



this day of , 18—. '■ , Notary Public. 

ARTICLES OF AGREEMENT. 

An agreement is where one party promises to another to do a certain thing 
in a certain time for a stipulated sum. Good business men always reduce an 
agreement to writing, which nearly always saves misunderstandings and trouble. 
No particular form is necessary, but the facts must be clearly and explicitly 
stated, and there must, to make it valid, be a reasonable consideration. 

GENERAL FORM OF AGREEMENT. 

This Agreement, made the Second day of June, 1878, between John 
Jones, of Keokuk, County of Lee, State of Iowa, of the first part, and Thomas 
Whiteside, of the same place, of the second part — 

WITNESSETH, that the said John Jones, in consideration of the agreement 
of the party of the second part, hereinafter contained, contracts and agrees to 



ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 289 

and with the said Thomas Whiteside, that he will deliver in good and market- 
able condition, at the Village of Melrose, Iowa, during the month of November, 
of this year, One Hundred Tons of Prairie Hay, in the following lots, and at 
the following specified times ; namely, twenty-five tons by the seventh of Nov- 
ember, twenty-five tons additional by the fourteenth of the month, twenty-five 
tons more by the twenty-first, and the entire one hundred tons to be all delivered 
by the thirtieth of November. 

And the said Thomas Whiteside, in consideration of the prompt fulfillment 
of this contract, on the part of the party of the first part, contracts to and agrees 
with the said John Jones, to pay for said hay five dollars per ton, for each ton 
as soon as delivered. 

In case of failure of agreement by either of the parties hereto, it is hereby 
stipulated and agreed that the party so failing shall pay to the other. One Hun- 
dred dollars, as fixed and settled damages. 

In witness whereof, we have hereunto set our hands the day and year first 
above written. • John Jones, 

Thomas Whiteside. 

agreement with clerk for services. 

This Agreement, made the first day of May, one thousand eight hundred 
and seventy-eight, between Reuben Stone, of Dubuque, County of Dubuque, 
State of Iowa, party of the first part, and George Barclay, of McGregor, 
County of Clayton, State of Iowa, party of the second part — 

WITNESSETH, that Said George Barclay agrees faithfully and diligently to 
work as clerk and salesman for the said Reuben Stone, for and during the space 
of one year from the date hereof, should both live such length of time, without 
absenting himself from his occupation ; during which time he, the said Barclay, in 
the store of said Stone, of Dubuque, will carefully and honestly attend, doing 
and performing all duties as clerk and salesman aforesaid, in accordance and in 
all respects as directed and desired by the said Stone. 

In consideration of which services, so to be rendered by the said Barclay, the 
said Stone agrees to pay to said Barclay the annual sum of one thousand dol- 
lars, payable in twelve equal monthly payments, each upon the last day of each 
month ; provided that all dues for days of absence from business by said Barclay, 
shall be deducted from the sum otherwise by the agreement due and payable by 
the said Stone to the said Barclay. 

Witness our hands. Reuben Stone. 

George Barclay. 

BILLS OF SALE. 

A bill of sale is a written agreement to another party, for a consideration to 
convey his right and interest in the personal property. The purchaser must 
take actual possession of the property/, or the bill of sale must be acknowledged 
and recorded. 

COMMON FORM OF BILL OF SALE. 

Know all Men by this instrument, that I, Louis Clay, of Burlington, 
Iowa, of the first part, for and in consideration of Five Hundred and Ten 
Dollars, to me paid by John Floyd, of the same place, of the second part, the 
receipt whereof is hereby acknowledged, have sold, and by this instrument do 
convey unto the said Floyd, party of the second part, his execucors, administra- 
tors and assigns, my undivided half of ten acres of corn, now growing on the 
farm of Thomas Tyrell, in the town above mentioned ; one pair of horses, 



290 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 

sixteen sheep, and five cows, belonging to me and in my possession at the farm 
aforesaid ; to have and to hold the same unto the party of the second part, his 
executors and assigns forever. And I do, for myself and legal representatives, 
at^ree with the said party of the second part, and his legal representatives, to 
warrant and defend the sale of the afore-mentioned property and chattels unto 
the said party of the second part, and his legal representatives, against all and 
every person whatsoever. 

In witness whereof. I have hereunto affixed my hand, this tenth day of 
October, one thousand eight hundred and seventy-six. 

Louis Clay. 
NOTICE TO QUIT. 
To F. W. Arlen, 

Sir: Please observe that the term of one year, for which the house and 
land, situated at No. 6 Indiana Street, and now occupied by you, were rented 
to you, expired on the first day of October, 1875, and as I desire to repossess 
said premises, you are hereby requested and required to vacate the same. 

Respectfully Yours, 

P. T. Barnum. 
Lincoln, Neb., October 4, 1875. 

TENANT'S NOTICE OF LEAVING. 
Dear Sir : 

The premises I now occupy as your tenant, at No. 6 Indiana Street, I shall 
vacate on the first day of November, 1875. You will please take notice 
accordingly. 

Dated this tenth day of October, 1875. F. W. Arlen. 

To P. T. Barnum. Esq. 

GENERAL FORM OF WILL FOR REAL AND PERSONAL 

PROPERTY. 

I, Charles Mansfield, of the Town of Bellevue, County of Jackson, State 
of Iowa, being aware of the uncertainty of life, and in failing health, but of 
sound mind and memory, do make and declare this to be my last will and tes- 
tament, in manner following, to-wit : 

First. I give, devise and bequeath unto my eldest son, Sidney H. Mans- 
field, the sum of Two Thousand Dollars, of bank stock, now in the Third 
National Bank, of Cincinnati, Ohio, and the farm owned by myself, in the 
Township of Iowa, consisting of one hundred and sixty acres, with all the 
hou.ses, tenements and improvements thereunto belonging ; to have and to hold 
unto my said son, his heirs and assigns, forever. 

Second. I give, devise and bequeath to each of my two daughters, Anna 
Louise Mansfield and Ida Clara Mansfield, each Two Thousand Dollars in bank 
stock in the Third National Bank of Cincinnati, Ohio ; and also, each one 
(juarter section of laiid, owned by myself, situated in the Township of Fairfield, 
and recorded in my name in the Recorder's office, in the county where such land 
IS located. The north one hundred and sixty acres of said half section is 
devised to my eldest daughter, Anna Louise. 

Third. I give, devise and bequeath to my son, Frank Alfred Mansfield, five 
shares of railroad stock in the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, and my one hundred 
and sixty acres of land, and saw-mill thereon, situated in Manistee, Michigan, 
witli all the improvements and appurtenances thereunto belonging, which said 
real estate is recorded in my name, in the county where situated. 



ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 291 

* Fourth. I give to my wife, Victoria Elizabeth Mansfield, all my household 
furniture, goods, chattels and personal property, about my home, not hitherto 
disposed of, including Eight Thousand Dollars of bank stock in the Third 
National Bank of Cincinnati, Ohio, fifteen shares in the Baltimore & Ohio 
Railroad, and the free and unrestricted use, possession and benefit of the home 
farm so long as she may live, in lieu of dower, to which she is entitled by law 
— said farm being my present place of residence. 

Fifth. I bequeath to my invalid father, Elijah H. Mansfield, the income 
from rents of ray store building at 145 Jackson street, Chicago, Illinois, during 
the term of his natural life. Said building and land therewith to revert to 
my said sons and daughters in equal proportion, upon the demise of my said 
father. 

Sixth. It is also my will and desire that, at the death of my wife, Victoria 
Elizabeth Mansfield, or at any time when she may arrange to relinquish her 
life interest in the above mentioned homestead, the same may revert to my 
above named children, or to the lawful heirs of each. 

And lastly. I nominate and appoint as the executors of this, my last will 
and testament, my wife, Victoria Elizabeth Mansfield, and mv eldest son, Sidney 
H. Mansfield. 

I further direct that my debts and necessary funeral expenses shall be paid 
from moneys now on deposit in the Savings Bank of Bellevue, the residue of 
such moneys to revert to my wife, Victoria Elizabeth Mansfield, for her use for- 
ever. 

In witness whereof, I, Charles Mansfield, to this my last will and testament, 
have hereunto set my hand and seal, this fourth day of April, eighteen hundred 
and seventy-two. 

Charles Mansfield. 

Signed, and declared by Charles Mansfield, as and for his last will and tes- 
raent, in the presence of us, who. at his request, and in his presence, and in 
the presence of each other, have subscribed our names hereunto as witnesses 
thereof. Peter A. Schenck, Dubuque, Iowa, 

Frank E. Dent, Bellevue, Iowa. 

CODICIL. 

Whereas I, Charles Mansfield, did, on the fourth day of April, one thousand 
eight hundred and seventy-two, make my last will and testament, I do now, by 
this writing, add this codicil to my said will, to be taken as a part thereof. 

Whereas, by the dispensation of Providence, my daughter, Anna Louise, 
has deceased, November fifth, eighteen hundred and seventy-three ; and whereas, 
a son has been born to me, which son is now christened Richard Albert Mans- 
field, I give and bequeath unto him my gold watch, and all right, interest and 
title in lands and bank stock and chattels bequeathed to my deceased daughter, 
Anna Louise, in the body of this will. 

In witness whereof, I hereunto place my hand and seal, this tenth day of 
March, eighteen hundred and seventy-five. Charles Mansfield. 

Signed, sealed, published and declared to us by the testator, Charles Mans- 
field, as and for a codicil to be annexed to his last will and testament. And 
we, at his request, and in his presence, and in the presence of each other, have 
subscribed our names as witnesses thereto, at the date hereof. 

Frank E. Dent, Bellevue, Iowa, 
John C. Shay, Bellevue, Iowa. 



o()0 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 

[Form No. 1.) 

SATISFACTION OF MORTGAGE. 
State of Iowa, 1 ^^ 

T "^"""^ '^of Ae County of , State of Iowa, do hereby acknowledge 

that a certain Indenture of • bearing date the ~~- day of- , A. D. 

IS-, made and executed by and —, his wife, to said — — on 

the following described Real Estate, in the County of — , and State ot 
I(.wa t(.-wit: (here insert description) and filed for record m the office ot the 

Recoi-dcr of the Countv of . and State of Iowa, on the "^^^ f~ ' 

A D 18—, at J'clock . M. ; and recorded in Book of Mortgage 

Records on' page , is redeemed, paid off, satisfied and discharged in full. 

^ ^ . [seal,] 

State of Iowa, 1 ^^ 

County, j ' " 

Be it Remembered, That on this day of , A. D. 18—, before 

me the undersigned, a in and for said county, personally appeared , 

to me personally known to be the identical person who executed the above 

(satisfaction of mortgage) as grantor, and acknowledged signature 

thereto to be voluntary act and deed. 

Witness my hand and seal, the day and year last above 

written. • 

ONE FORM OF REAL ESTATE MORTGAGE. 

Know all Men by these Presents : Tiiat , of County, and 

State of , in consideration of dollars, in hand paid by — of 

County, and State of , do hereby sell and convey unto the said 

the following described premises, situated in the County , and State of 

, to wit : (liere insert description,) and do hereby covenant with the 

said that lawfully seized of said premises, that they are free from 

incumbrance, that have good right and lawful authority to sell and convey 

the same : and do hereby covenant to warrant and defend the same against 

the lawful claims of all ))ersons whomsoever. To be void upon condition that 

tiu- said shall ]>ay the full amount of principal and interest at the time 

therein specified, of certain promissory note for the sum of dollars. 

One note for 8 , due , 18 — , with interest annually at per cent. 

One note for 3 . due . 18 — , with interest annually at per cent. 

One note for 8 . due , 18 — , with interest annually at per cent. 

One note for § , due , 18 — , with interest annually at per cent. 

And the said Mortgagor agrees to pay all taxes that may be levied upon the 
above described premises. It is also agreed by the Mortgagor that if it becomes 
necessary to foreclose this mortgage, a reasonable amount shall be allowed as an 

attornev's fee for foreclosing. And the said hereby relinquishes all her 

right of dower and homestead in and to the above described premises. 
Signed to dav of , A. D. 18—. 



[Acknowledge as in Form No, 1.] 



ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 293 

SECOND FORM OF REAL ESTATE MORTGAGE. 

This Indenture, made and executed by and between of the 

county of and State of , part of tlie first part, and of the 

county of and State of party of the second part, Witnesseth, that the 

said part of the first part, for and in consideration of the sum of dolhirs, 

paid by the said party of the second part, the receipt of which is hereby 
acknowledged, have granted and sokl, and do by these presents, grant, bargain, 

sell, convey and confirm, unto the said party of the second part, heirs and 

assigns forever, the certain tract or parcel of real estate situated in the county 
of and State of , described as follows, to-wMt : 

(Here insert description.) 

The said part of the first part represent to and covenant with the part of 
the second part, that he have good right to sell and convey said premises, 
that they are free from encumbrance and that he will warrant and defend 
them against the lawful claims of all persons whomsoever, and do expressly 
hereby release all rights of dower in and to said premises, and relinquish and 
convey all rights of homestead therein. 

This Instrument is made, executed and delivered upon the following con- 
ditions, to-wit : 

First. Said first part agree to pay said or order 

Second. Said first part further agree as is stipulated in said note, that if 
he shall fail to pay any of said interest when due, it shall bear interest at the 
rate of ten per cent, per annum, from the time the same becomes due, and this 
mortgage shall stand as security for the same. 

TJdrd. Said first part further agree that he will pay all taxes and 
assessments levied upon said real estate before the same become delinquent, and 
if not paid the holder of this mortgage may declare the whole sum of money 
herein secured due and collectable at once, or he may elect to pay such taxes or 
assessments, and be entitled to interest on the same at the rate of ten per cent, 
per annum, and this mortgage shall stand as security for the amount so paid. 
Fourth. Said first part further agree that if he fail to pay any of said 

money, either principal or interest, within days after the same becomes 

due ; or fail to conform or comply with any of the foregoing conditions or agree- 
ments, the whole sum herein secured shall become due and payable at once, and 
this mortgage may thereupon be foreclosed immediately for the whole of said 
money, interest and costs. 

Fifth. Said part further agree that in the event of the non-payment of either 
principal, interest or taxes when due, and upon the filing of a bill of foreclosure 
of this mortgage, an attorney's fee of dollars shall become due and pay- 
able, and shall be by the court taxed, and this mortgage shall stand as securitj 
therefor, and the same shall be included in the decree of foreclosure and shall 
be made by the Sheriff on general or special execution with the other money, 
interest and costs, and the contract embodied in this mortgage and the note 
described herein, shall in all respects be governed, constructed and adjudged 

by the laws of , where the same is made. The foregoing conditions 

being performed, this conveyance to be void, otherwise of full force and virtue. 



[Acknowledge as in form No. 1.] 



294 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 

FORM OF LEASE. 

This Article of Agreement, Made and entered into on this day of 

A. D. 187- by and between , of the county of , and 



State of Iowa, of the first part, and , of the county of 

and State of Iowa, of the second part, witnesseth that the said party of the first 
part has this day leased unto the party of the second part the following described 
premises, to wit : 

\_Here insert Description.'] 

for the term of from and after the — day of , A. D. 187-, at 

the rent of dollars, to be paid as follows, to wit : 

[/fere insert Terms.] 

And it is further agreed that if any rent shall be due and unpaid, or if 
default be made in any of the covenants herein contained, it shall then be law- 
ful for the said party of the first part to re-enter the said premises, or to destrain 
for such rent; or he may recover possession thereof, by action of forcible entry 
and detainer, notwithstanding the provision of Section 3,612 of the Code of 
1873 ; or he may use any or all of said remedies. 

And the said party of the second part agrees to pay to the party of the first 
part the rent as above stated, except when said premises are untenantable by 
reason of fire, or from any other cause than the carelessness of the party of the 

second part, or persons fiimily, or in employ, or by superior force 

and inevitable necessity. And the said party of the second part covenants 

that will use the said premises as a , and for no other purposes 

whatever ; and that especially Avill not use said premises, or permit the 

same to be used, for any unlawful business or purpose whatever ; that will 

not sell, assign, underlet or relinquish said premises without the written consent 

of the lessor, under penalty of a forfeiture of all rights under this lease, at 

the election of the party of the first part ; and that will use all due care 

and diligence in guarding said property, with the buildings, gates, fences, trees, 
vines, shrubbery, etc., from damage by fire, and the depredations of animals ; 

that will keep buildings, gates, fences, etc., in as good repair as they now 

are, or may at any time be placed by the lessor, damages by superior force, 
inevitable necessity, or fire from any other cause than from the carelessness of 

the lessee, or persons of family, or in employ, excepted ; and that 

at the expiration of this lease, or upon a breach by said lessee of any of the said 

covenants herein contained, will, without further notice of any kind, quit 

and surrender the possession and occupancy of said premises in as good condi- 
tion as reasonable use, natural wear and decay thereof will permit, damages by 
fire as aforesaid, superior force, or inevitable necessity, only excepted. 

In witness whereof, the said parties have subscribed their names on the date 
first above written. 

In presence of 



FORM OF NOTE. 

— , 18—. 



On or before the — day of , 18 — , for value received, I promise to 

pay or order, dollars, with interest from date until paid, 

at ten per cent, per annum, payable annually, at . Unpaid interest 

.shall bear interest at ten per cent, per annum. On failure to pay interest 

withni days after due, the whole sum, principal and interest, shall become 

<lue at once. 




ATTY AT LAW MANC 



ABSTRACT OF IOWA*STATE LAWS. 297 

CHATTEL MORTGx^GE. 

Know all Men by these Presents : That of County, and 

State of in consideration of dollars, in hand paid by , of 

€ounty and State of do hereby sell and convey unto the said the 

following described personal property, now in the possession of in the 

county and State of , to wit : 

\^IIere insert descr>pt/on.'\ 

And do hereby warrant the title of said property, and that it is free from 

any incumbrance or lien. The only right or interest retained by grantor in 
and to said property being the right of redemption as herein provided. This 
conveyance to be void upon condition that the said grantor shall pay to said 
grantee, or his assigns, the full amount of principal and interest at the time 

therein specified, of certain promissory notes of even date herewith, for 

the sum of dollars. 

One note for $ , due , 18 — , with interest annually at per cent. 

One note for $ , due , 18 — , with interest annually at per cent. 

One note for ^ , due , 18 — , with interest annually at per cent. 

One note for ^ , due , 18 — , with interest annually at per cent. 

The grantor to pay all taxes on said property, and if at any time any part 
or portion of said notes should be due and unpaid, said grantee may proceed by 
sale or foreclosure to collect and pay himself the unpaid balance of said notes, 
whether due or not, the grantor to pay all necessary expense of such foreclosure, 

including f Attorney's fees, and whatever remains after paying off said 

notes and expenses, to be paid over to said grantor. 

Signed the day of , 18 — . . 

[Acknowledged as in form No. 1.] . 

WARRANTY DEED. 

Know all Men by these Presents : That of County and 

State of , in consideration of the sum of Dollars, in hand paid by 

of , County and State of , do hereby sell and convey unto 

the said and to heirs and assigns, the following described premises, 

situated in the County of , State of Iowa, to-wit : 

\^Here insert descriptioii.'\ 

And I do hereby covenant with the said that — lawfully seized in fee 

simple, of said premises, that they are free from incumbrance ; that — ha good 
right and lawful authority to sell the same, and — do hereby covenant to war- 
rant and defend the said premises and appurtenances thereto belonging, against 
the lawful claims of all persons whomsoever ; and the said hereby re- 
linquishes all her right of dower and of homestead in and to the above described 
premises. 

Signed the day of , A. D, 18 — . 

IN presence of 



[Acknowledged as in Form No. 1.] 

QUIT CLAIM DEED. 

Know all Men by these Presents : That , of County, 

State of , in consideration of the sum of dollars, to — in hand 

paid by , of County, State of , the receipt whereof — do 



298 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 

hereby acknowledge,liave bargained, sold and quit-claimed, and by these presents 

do bargain, sell and quit-claim unto the said and to — heirs and assigns 

forever, all right, title, interest, estate, claim and demand, both at law and 

in equity, and as well in possession as in expectancy, of, in and to the following 
described premises, to wit : [here insert description] with all and singular the 
hereditaments and appurtenances thereto belonging. 

Signed this day of , A. D. 18 — . 

Signed in Presence of 



[Acknowledged as in form No. 1.] 

BOND FOR DEED. 

KxoAV ALL Men by these Presents: That of County, 

and State of am held and firmly bound unto of County, and 

State of , in the sum of Dollars, to be paid to the said , his 

executors or assigns, for which payment well and truly to be made, I bind myself 
firmly by these presents. Signed the day of A. D. 18 — . 

The condition of this obligation is such, that if the said obligee shall pay to 
said obligor, or his assigns, the full amount of principal and interest at the time 
therein specified, of — certain promissory note of even date herewith, for the 

sum of Dollars, 

One note for ^ , due . 18 — , with interest annually at — per cent. 

One note for $ , due . 18 — , with interest annually at — per cent. 

One note for ^ , due , 18 — , with interest annually at — per cent. 

and pay all taxes accruing upon the lands herein described, then said obligor 
shall convey to the said obligee, or his assigns, that certain tract or parcel of 
real estate, situated in the County of and State of Iowa, described as fol- 
lows, to wit: [here insert description,] by a Warranty Deed, with the usual 
covenants, duly executed and acknowledged. 

If said obligee should fail to make the payments as above stipulated, or any 
part thereof, as the same becomes due, said obligor may at his option, by notice 
to the obligee terminate his liability under the bond and resume the possession 
and absolute control of said premises, time being the essence of this agreement. 

On the fulfillment of the above conditions this obligation to become void, 
otherwise to remain in full force and virtue ; unless terminated by the obligor 
as above stipulated. 



[Acknowledge as in form No. 1.] 

SUGGESTIONS TO THOSE PURCHASING BOOKS B.Y SUBSCRIP- 
TION. 

The business of publishing books by subscription, having so often been 
brougiit into disrepute by agents making representations and declarations not 
authorized by the publisher, in order to prevent that as much as possible, and 
that there may be more general knowledge of the relation such agents bear to 
their principal, and the law governing such cases, the following statement is 
made : 

A subscription is in the nature of a contract of mutual promises, by which 
the subscriber agrees to j)ay a certain sum for the work described ; the consid- 
eration is concurrent that the publisher shall publish the book named, and 



ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 299 

deliver the same, for which the subscriber is to pay thft price named. The 
nature and eharacter of the work is described hy the prospectus and sample 
shown. These should be carefully examined before subscribing., as they are 
the basis and consideration of the promise to pay, and not the too ofteii exag- 
gerated statements of the agent, who is merely employed to solicit subscriptions., 
for which he is usually paid, a commission for each subscriber, and has no 
authority to change or alter the conditions upon which the subscriptions are 
authorized to be made by the publisher. Should the agent assume to agree to 
make the subscription conditional or modify or change the agreement of the 
publisher, as set out by the prospectus and sample, in order to biyid the princi- 
pal., the subscriber should see that such condition or changes are stated over or 
in connection ivith his signature, so that the publisher may have notice of the 
same. 

All persons making contracts in reference to matters of this kind, or any 
other business, should remember that the law as written is, that they can not be 
altered, varied or rescinded verbally, but if done at all, must be done in writing. 
It is therefore important that all persons contemplating subscribing should 
distinctly understand that all talk before or after the subscription is made, is not 
admissible as evidence, and is no part of the contract. 

Persons employed to solicit subscriptions are known to the trade as can- 
vassers. They are agents appointed to do a particular business in a prescribed 
mode, and have no authority to do it any other way to the prejudice of their 
principal, nor can they bind their principal in any other matter. They can not 
collect money, or agree that payment may be made in anything else but money. 
They can not extend the time of payment beyond the time of delivery, nor bind 
their principal for the payment of expenses incurred in their business. 

It would save a great deal of trouble, and often serious loss, if persons, 
before signing their names to any subscription book, or any written instrument, 
would examine carefully tvhat it is ; if they can not read themselves call on 
some one disinterested who can. 




E E K ATA. 



Page 505. Fourth line of Olive Branch Chapter, No 48, Thomas Toogrod 

should read Toogood. 
Page 514. End of fourth line from top of page, date 1851 should read 1858 ; 

next line, I. W. G-rist should be I. W. Grhrist. 
Page 526. Last line of "Business Interests," Session should be Sisson. 
Page 530. Last line but one before Greeley, Rev. should be Pres. 
Page 530. Third line of Greeley — Richard T. Barrett should be Richard F. 

Last line of same paragraph, Benjamim Laken should be Benjamin Lakin. 
Page 535. Second line, fourth word under head of "Religious" should be hy 

instead of when. 
Page 536. Fifth line from bottom, J. A. Rooker should be J. A. Hooker. 
Page 540. Sixteenth line from bottom, "the first 6n'c^ house" should read 

"the first brick school house." 
Page 543. The date at end of fifth line should be 1856 instead of 1852. 
Page 558. The first line of Delaware Center, the date 1853 should be 1854. 
Page 607. Delhi Township, Swinhune J. B should be Swinburne J. B. 



Tfie pages to 331 are omitted, on account of a mistake in calculating tJie amount 

of preceding matter. 



HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 



At the close of the Black Hawk war, in August, 1832, by treaty, the Sac 
and Fox tribes of Indians, until then the undisputed occupants of the lands 
lying west of the Mississippi, included in the present State of Iowa, ceded to 
the United States a strip bordering on the Mississippi and extending westward 
about fifty miles, which was called " The Black Hawk Purchase." The 
western boundary of this purchase was fifty miles west of the river and paral- 
lel Avith it, and of course included the present territory of Delaware County. 
This treaty went into operation June 1, 1833. 

In June, 1834, the Black Hawk Purchase was made a part of Michigan 
Territory, and in September following, the Legislature of that Territory erected 
two counties west of the Mississippi — Dubuque and Des Moines — the dividing 
line being drawn westward from the foot of Bock Island, and these counties 
were partially organized, July 4, 1836, Wisconsin Territory was erected, includ- 
ing the two Iowa counties of Dubuque and Des Moines. Under Wisconsin 
jurisdiction, Dubuque County was divided, in 1837, into Dubuque, Delaware, 
Clayton, Fayette, Buchanan, Jackson, Jones, Linn, Benton, Clinton and Cedar, 
and their boundaries defined. Delaware was attached to Dubuque for judicial, 
revenue and election purposes until its organization in 1841. The county con- 
tained sixteen congressional townships, and was bounded as follows : Commenc- 
ing at the northwest corner of Township 90 north, Bange 2, west of Fifth Prin- 
cipal Meridian, thence west to the northwest corner of Township 90 north. 
Range 6 west, thence south on the west line of the sixth range of townships 
west to the southwest corner of Township 87 north. Range 6 west, thence east 
to the southwest corner of Township 87 north. Range 2 west, thence north to 
place of beginning. 

It is said that Thomas McCraney, Esq., a member of the first Legislative 
Assembly of the Territory of Wisconsin from Dubuque, named the new county 
in honor of Delaware County, New York, from which he came. 

In tracing the early settlement of this county, it may be well to insert here 
for reference the civil township divisions of the county, as they exist at present, 
1878 : South Fork, T. 87 N., R. 3 W^ ; North Fork, T. 88 N., R. 3 W. ; 
Bremen, T. 89 N., R. 3 W. ; Colony, T. 90 N., R. 3 W. ; Elk, T. 90 N., R. 
4 W. ; Oneida, T. 89 N., R. 4 W. ; Delhi, T. 88 N., R. 4 W. ; Union, T. 87 
N., R. 4 W. ; Hazel Green, T. 87 N., R. 5 W. ; Milo, T. 88 N., R. 5 W. ; 
Delaware, T. 89 N., R. 5 W. ; Honey Creek, T. 90 N., R. 5 W. ; Richland, 
T. 90 N., R. 6 W.; Coffin's Grove, T. 89 N., R. 6 W. ; Prairie, T. 88 N., R. 
6 W. ; Adams, T. 87 N., R. 6 W. 

Coffin's Grove is in the southerly part of Coffin's Grove Township ; 
Eads' Grove in the south part of Honey Creek, and extends into Dela- 
ware ; Penn's Grove in Delhi Township ; Hickory Grove, north part of 
Oneida Township ; Hinkle's Grove, north part of Honey Creek, near present 



332 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 

site of York ; Lindsey's Grove, western part of Eads' Grove ; Center Grove, 
near center of county. n n • 

The south fork of the Maquoketa River, a beautiful and rapidly flowing 
stream over two hundred miles in length, enters the county near the northwest 
corner, and flows in a general southeasterly direction through the townships of 
Richland, Cottiu's Grove, Delaware, Milo, Delhi, Union and South Fork. The 
north fork of the Ma(iuoketa flows for several miles on the eastern edge of North 
Fork and South Fork Townships. Buffalo Creek flows across the southwest 
corner of Adams Township. Coffin's Grove Creek empties into the Maquo- 
keta from the west, just north of Manchester ; Honey Creek from the northeast, 
a little above ; Spring Branch flows in from the north in Milo Township ; Buck 
Creek from the west from Hazel Green through Union Township ; Sand Creek 
from the west from Pi-airie through Milo ; Plum Creek from Oneida through 
Delhi, North and South Fork ; Bear Creek, in Bremen Township, flows into 
tlie north fork of Macjuoketa, in Dubuque County ; Elk Creek heads in Elk 
Township and flows north to the Turkey River in Clayton County. 

Timber skirts the streams, but about three-fourths of the county is beautifully 
unduhiting prairie. 

The underlying rock formation is magnesian limestone of the Niagara 
Group, in which are found numerous marine fossils — corals, shells, articulates, 
&c. In many places the rock is exposed, and much of it is adapted for build- 
inw purposes, that near Delhi being fully equal to the celebrated Anamosa stone. 
Near Colesburg, in Colony Township, is a deposit of fine potter's clay, and 
good clay for the manufacture of brick is found in various localities. In fact, 
clay generally underlies the soil on the ridges, while in the bottoms the subsoil 
is sand and fine gravel. Along the shores of the streams are found agates, 
pieces of slate and pebbles of ([uartz foreign to this region, and boulders scat- 
tered over the surface are the silent monuments of the glacial period. 

The correction line Avhich runs through Delaware County, falling near Dy- 
ersville (in Dubuque County), Earlville, Delaware, Manchester and Masonville, 

was run and the township lines established in 1836, by Mr. Burt and 

Orson Lyon. Mr. Burt was the son of Judge Burt, of Michigan, the inventor 
of Burt's Solar Compass. This was the first surveying done with the new in- 
strument, and, says Judge Bailey, " They did excellent work with it." 

It is conceded that William 15ennett, from Galena, was the first white settler 
to locate within the limits of Delaware County, and that he built the first cabin 
on the banks of Honey Creek, in a beautiful grove now known as Eads' Grove, 
on the south part of Section 35, Township 90 north. Range 5 west of Fifth 
Principal Meridian. There is apparently some conflict of opinion as to the 
precise date of his settlement. Some authorities have stated that he settled 
there in 1836. Hon. Joel Bailey, the oldest living settler of Delaware, and 
perfectly familiar with the county and its settlers, says that Bennett, who was a 
hunter and trapper, probably built his cabin in the Winter of 1834-5 or Sum- 
mer following, and occupied it with his family as early as 1835-6. Mrs. 
Bennett was the first white woman noAv known to have settled in Delaware 
County. Bennett remained until the Spring of 1838, when, it is said, he re- 
moved to Missouri. 

A Mr. Lindsey was with Bennett probably as early as 1836, perhaps still 
earlier, and a part of the timber afterward known as Eads' Grove was known 
to the first settlers as Lindsey's Grove. The West Branch of Honey Creek 
was called Lindsey's Creek, and is sometimes called by that name by the old 
settlers to this dav. 



HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 333 

Henry T. Garden, a trapper and Indian trader, is said to have built a cabin 
probably as early as 1836 or 1837, near the east line of the county, southeast 
from the present town of Colesburg. Whether he lived here with his family is 
uncertain, but he resided for several yearsjust over the county line in Dubuque' 
County, on Section 7, Township 89 north. Range 2 west, and afterward re- 
moved to Fayette County, where, in February, 1843, he and a man named At- 
kins were murdered by Winnebagoes, to whom he sold whisky, and whom he 
had offended by trying to get them out of the house. The boy escaped, slightly 
injured; the little girl, after being ravished by the fiends. Through the deep 
snow, in a cold Winter night, these poor children, wounded and bleeding, made 
their way to the nearest neighbor's house, one mile, and were badly frozen when 
they arrived and told their tale of horror. The Indians, three in number, were 
afterward arrested at Camp Atkinson, and taken to Dubuque, where they were 
confined in the old log jail. One of them turned " State's evidence," and was 
released. The other two were condemned to imprisonment for life. Before 
leaving for Fort Madison, they quarreled in jail, and the larger one killed his 
companion with a billet of stove wood. 

Mr. Lucius Kibbee settled in Township 88 N., R. 3 W. (North Fork), on 
Section 24, where Rockville was afterward located, on the west bank of the North 
Fork of the Maquoketa, probably in 1836 or early in 1837. Kibbee, after re- 
maining several years on his claim, removed to Dubuque County, where he died. 
His widow subsequently died in Linn County, where one of the sons is still 
living in 1878. 

In 1837, a party of emigrants from the Selkirk colony, on the Red River of 
the North, mostly Scotch people, settled at a grove in the northwesterly part of 
Jones County, since called "Scotch Grt)ve." They came bringing their house- 
hold goods and other movable property, including a valuable variety of spring 
wheat, in rude ox-carts.* 

James Livingston and Hugh Rose accompanied them. At Dubuque, James 
Livingston was joined by his brother Hugh, who was in Dubuque, and both 
brothers and Rose settled in Township 87 N., R. 3 W., a short distance below 
the present site of Hopkinton. 

Hugh Livingston came southAvard with a party who left Red River in 1835. 
They came with carts to the point where St. Cloud now stands, where they con- 
structed boats and floated down the Mississippi River to Dubuque, where Hugh 
remained until the arrival of his brother, and the remainder of the party settled 
at Apple River, 111. 

In 1837, Milo Jones, of Milwaukee, secured a contract for subdividing a 
number of townships in Iowa, including eight of the southern townships in Del- 
aware County, and, during that Summer and Fall, these townships were sur- 
veyed by him and Joel Bailey. They found four settlers here at that time, 
viz.: Lucius Kibbee, Hugh Livingston, James Livingston and Hugh Rose. 

A Mr. Porter, from Ohio, subdivided the townships in the northern part of 
the county during the same year, but the work was very imperfectly done. 

The surve^'ors in this part of the county found only Wm. Bennett and 
Lindsey, at what has since been known as Eads' Grove. 

The first settler in Township 89, Range 3 (Bremen), was a Mr. John Flinn. 
The date of his settlement is not certainly known, but it was probably in the 
Fall of 1837 or Spring of 1838. He located on Bear Creek, a little east of 

* These carts were clumBy two-wheeled vehicles, made without a particle of iron, drawn hy a sinf;:!? ox, in thills, 
harnessed like a horse. The harness consi-ted of wooden hanies, and rawhide tngs and breeching. With thtse prim- 
itive carts, these hardy pioneers traveled I.IOU miles, piloted hy an oM trapper named Fred. Dixon. 



334 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 

the center of the township, where John Bolton now (1878) lives. He lived for 
some time the only settler in the township, and was followed by the Bocken- 
stedts. seven brotliers, who became permanent residents. 

It is stated, and generally believed, that the first white child born in Dela- 
ware County w-as born to AVilliam Bennett, in the Fall or Winter of 1837-38, 
but it lived only a few days, and its death was the first recorded. 

Early in the Spring of 1838, Bennett and his family removed south westward, 
and his father-in-law, William Eads, and his family, removed from Galena and 
occupied Bennett's cabin, in the timber since known as Eads' Grove. 

John llinkle, whose Avife was Eads' daughter, came with Eads and settled 
near hini. llinkle afterward attempted to make a claim further north, in a 
little throve afterward called Hinkle's Grove, near the spot where the village of 
York was suljse(iucntly laid out. 

In the same Spring, in March, Thomas Nicholson and his sons, William 
Nicholson and Montgomery Nicholson, located near the Maquoketa, in the east 
part of the Townsliip 87, N., R. 4 W. (now included in South Fork Township), 
where Hopkinton now stands, built a cabin and broke a little prairie. 

A few days after the Nicholsons, Joel Bailey, who had assisted in the sur- 
vev durim^ the previous season, Cyrus Keeler and John Keeler came from 
Milwaukee. They had intended to locate where Hopkinton now stands, but, 
arriving there in March, they found that Nicholson and his sons were ahead of 
them, and they came up the river and located on Sections 10 and 15, Town- 
ship 88 — 5 (now Milo), at the place since called Bailey's Ford. Here they built 
a cabin and ''broke" about twenty acres of prairie — the first breaking of any 
considerable size in the county. The Keelers were the cousins of William B. 
O^den, late of Chicago. Cyrus died' in 1846. Mr. Bailey has been closely 
identified w ith the history of the county from that day to the present. He pos- 
sessed, to a remarkable degree, the confidence and esteem of his fellow citizens. 
Modest, retiring and a man of sterling worth and unimpeachable integrity, he 
was often called to positions of honor and trust, and faithfully discharged his 
duties as an officer and as a citizen. He became first County Surveyor, when 
the county was organized, and served qne term as County Judge. Judge Bailey 
now resides in Manchester, one of the oldest living settlers of the county, 
honored and respected by all Avho know him. 

Bailey's Ford was afterward a station on the stage road from Dubuque to 
Quas<|ueton and Independence, and in 1855, a post office was established, 
called Hailey's Ford. Joel Bailey was appointed Postmaster, succeeded, about 
1857, by Amos 11. McKay. The people of Dehnvare Center and Burrington 
obtained their mail at the office until the establishment of a Post Office at Man- 
chester, soon after which the office was discontinued. 

The Land Office at Dubuque was established in 1838. Thomas McKnight, 
who was Deputy Superintendent of the United States Lead Mines, at Galena, 
in 1828-'.», was the Receiver. The first entry made at this office was by Will- 
iam Phillips, who made an entry Nov. 1, 1838, of land in Jackson County. 
The lan<ls in Delaware County were first proclaimed for sale Nov. 5, 1838. 
Abnt-r Eads (William's brother) and Richard F. Barrett entered some land in 
Township 90 N., R. 5 W. (Honey Creek), Nov. 12, 1838. Eads lived in 
(ialena, 111., and, undoubtedly, made his entry for speculative purposes; 
wife and son spent the Fall of 1840 here. ' In December, 1838, one 
Jeremiah O'Sullivan entered land near Eads' Grove. 

After building his cabin and breaking prairie in the Spring, Mr. Bailey 
\T.>rke<l. during the Sunniiev of 1.838, for Mr. Delong, at Cascade, Dubuque 



HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 335 

County, and in the Fall, having raised some wheat and corn, Bailey and his 
employer carried a load of each to Sage's mill, on the Little Maquoketa, 
six miles from Dubuque, then the nearest mill the settlers had. When 
their grists were ground, they returned to Dubuque, where they peddled 
out their flour and corn meal. This w^as the first flour carried to the Du- 
buque market from the Western settlements. Thomas McKnight, the Receiver 
of the United States Land Office, purchased one sack of the flour and then re- 
quested Mr. Bailey to wait until he found Mr. Morton, the Register, who, said 
Mr. McKnight, must "patronize home productions," and who bought another 
sack. Thus, forty years ago the first load of flour carried into Dubuque from the 
West was peddled out in the streets of the town. 

The next Fall, 1839, Mr. Bailey, having raised a crop of wheat of his own, 
again started for Sage's, still the nearest mill, with forty bushels of wheat, 
loaded on a wagon drawn by three "yokes of oxen." In two days, he reached 
the mill-, but the water was low, several "grists" were ahead of him, and 
he was obliged to wait a week for his turn ; while waiting, he boarded with the 
miller, and paid for his board by working in the blacksmith shop. When at 
last his "grist " was ground, he returned to Dubu(pie, where he peddled out his 
flour as before and purchased some groceries, clothing, etc., and returned home 
— having been absent two weeks. There were no roads nor bridges then, and 
the trail was a; hard one to travel. This was the first flour sent to market from 
Delaware County. 

During the first session of the Legislative Assembly of the Territory of Iowa 
in the Winter of 1838-39, by an act approved January 25, 1839, James Fan- 
ning, John Paul and Benjamin C. Pierce, were appointed Commissioners "to lay 
out a territorial road running the most practicable route from Dubuque to the set- 
tlement in Delaware County." These Commissioners were directed to meet at 
Dubuque on the first Monday in June following, and "proceed to the discharge 
of their duties." The road Avas laid out to the county line east of Rockville. 
The Commissioners were very cautious about locating a road in Delaware County. 

John W. Penn made a claim in a little grove, since called Penn's Grove, in 
the northern part of Township 88, Range 4, on the bank of Plum Creek, in 1838, 
and built a cabin in the Spring following. 

At the close of 1838, the Delaware settlement had not increased very mate- 
rially, although the county had been visited and examined during the Summer 
and Fall by a number of men, some of whom afterward became actual settlers. 
At Fads' Grove the only families were those of William Fads and John Hinkle. 

Farly in the Spring of 1839, Silas Gilmore settled in the northern part of 
Township 90 north, Range 3 west (Colony), near the present residence of Law- 
rence McNamee, Fsq. One B. T. Lounsberry entered some land in the vicinity 
of Eads' Grove. April 4th, and, eight days after, Fleazer Frentress, one of the 
earliest settlers in Dunleith, 111., entered lands in the Grove, now (1878) occu- 
pied by his son, John B. Frentress, and two brothers. Frentress also entered 
some land further north, at Hinkle's Grove (now York). May 22d, David 
Moreland, William McMullen, William McQuilkin, Benjamin Reckner, wtih 
their families, and P. C. Bolsinger, arrived from Pennsylvania and located in 
the northern part of Township 90 north. Range 3 west, near Gilmore, where 
Colesburg was afterward founded. McMullen and McQuilkin located on the. 
prairie, about a mile west of Moreland's. Bolsinger went back to Pennsyl- 
vania, but afterward returned again and settled. This settlement was named 
the " Colony," by Judge Thomas S. Wilson, and from this the present township 
of Colony took its name. 



336 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 

Mr. Morolaml and liis '-colony" came from Uniontown, JFayette County, 
Penn. For eif^hteen years, ^Ir. iNIoreland had managed the stage line between 
Wheeling, "Was'hington and Baltimore, and, in 1833, when Black Hawk was 
taken to Washington, he was transported from Wheeling in one of Moreland's 
coaches. In the Spring of 1839, he and his colony chartered the small steam- 
boat, " Fayette," Capt. Benedict Kimball, for $1,500, from Brownsville to 
Cassville. On this boat they loaded their household goods, supplies, farming im- 
plements, wagons, stock, etc., and steamed down the Ohio River and up the 
Mississippi to Cassville. Here they landed, and came across the country to 
the spot where they located. They were thus enabled to bi-ing more of the 
conveniences of their Eastern homes than were enjoyed by any other family in 
the Delaware settlements at that time. They immediately commenced opera- 
tions, breaking prairie and building cabins, sleeping in their wagons, which 
were covered with oil-cloth, and cooking in the open air until their cabins 
were completed. Judge Bailey went up and broke some prairie for them that 
Spring. Missouri Dickson and family came in July, and settled at White Oak 
Grove, about four miles southeast of Moreland's. Samuel Dickson came about 
the same time. The Dicksons were hunters, withal, and many of their adven- 
tures are related. Hon. Eliphalet Price, in some sketches of early history, 
recently published, relates the following, of Avhich Missouri Dickson was the 
hero : 

A short distance from the mouth of the Volga, there is a tributary known as Bear Creek, 
which receives its name from the following hunting incident. Missouri Dickson and his brother 
Samuel, having started a large bear in the limber of Turkey River, late in the Fall of 1839, 
followed its footprints in the snow until they reached the vicinity of this stream, when they 
separated, Missouri following the trail, and his brother making a circuit, in the hope of heading 
ot!" tlie retreat of the animal. Soon after they liad parted, Missouri came up with the bear, which 
had curled down to sleep beneath an overhanging rock. He fired his rifle and wounded the 
bear, when it immediately turned upon him, and he fled in the direction of the creek. Dickson 
was wont to tell his adventure thus : •• Fur half a mile or so, there wuz suthin' more'n daylight 
atween us, an' if Sam hadn't afired just as 1 wuz hoovin' it across the crik, there'd abeen one 
old bear hunter a considerably spiled." 

Wellington Wiltse, Thomas Cole, James Cole, Albert Baker, A. J. Black- 
man, James Rutherford and, perhaps others, located near Moreland's. Some 
authorities state that W^ellington W^iltse built a cabin on Section 4, Township 
90. Range 3, in 1838, and that Thomas Cole, Albert Baker and Gilmore made 
claims in that year. Judge Bailey states that, when he was breaking prairie 
two weeks for Moreland, in June, 1839, only Gilmore and John Nagle were 
there. Nagle Avas just over the line, in Clayton County. 

Gilbert D. Dillon settled in the east part of Township 88, Range 3, 
near Kibbee's, in the Spring of 1839, and built the first frame house in the 
county. So far as is known, he was the first Justice of the Peace in Delaware. 
Mr. Dillon is said to have been the first banker in Iowa. He settled in 
Diibuijiie in 1837, and, in connection with citizens of that place, established 

the Miners' Bank, of which Lockwood was President and Dillon, 

Cashier. They applied to the Legislature for a charter, and, in order to show 
sufficient reserve, Mr. Dillon went to Galena and borrowed $5,000, which was 
returned tifter a few days. The President and other stockholders soon borrowed 
the money they had put in, and appeared to be anxious to obtain Dillon's, also 
— some $5,000 or $0,000 in gohl — leaving him to run the business with the 
deposits alone. He refused to discount any more of their paper, whereupon 
they secretly held another meeting and elected another Cashier. Dillon, hear- 
ing of their action, promptly buried the gold he had put in, and, when called 
uj.on, meekly gave up the keys of the safe, but the new Cashier found the bank 



HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 337 

destitute of funds. Lockwood and his associates secured some wild-cat money 
and resumed business. Afterward, at the instance of Lockwood and Lang- 
worthy, Dillon was indicted for perjury, in swearing to a false statement of 
assets, but Messrs. McKniglit and Gratiot staunchly stood by him, and the 
prosecution was abandoned. 

Jacob Schwartz settled on the banks of Plum Creek, east of the lake, on 
Congressional Township 88 — 8, probably on or near Section 20, in the timber, 
in the early Spring of 1839. 

Roland Aubrey, a Kentuckian by birth, went from Missouri to Illinois and 
enlisted as a volunteer, to serve in the Black Hawk war in 1832. His brother 

Aubrey (Auberry, in the History of Jo Daviess County, Illinois), was 

murdered and scalped by the Winnebago Indians, at Blue Mound, Wisconsin, 
in June, 1832. After the war, Roland married his brother's widow and settled 
in Southwestern Wisconsin. He states that in August, 1839, he came to Dela- 
ware County, Iowa, built a cabin near the center of Township 88 — 3, a short 
distance northeast of Schwartz's, made some hay, returned to Wisconsin and 
removed to his new home with his family in the Fall. Mr. Aubrey is still 
(1878) living near his original claim, hale and hearty, about 70 years of age, 
and in full possession of all his faculties. He was a strong, athletic man, a 
genuine specimen of a jovial, genial, rollicking Western frontiersman, and was 
very popular among the early settlers. Mr. Aubrey relates that in the Winter 
of 1839-40, he went to Schwartz's, early one morning. The snow, he says, 
was "crotch deep." Schwartz's boys, while he was there, took their axes, and 
called up three big dogs, saying that they were going out to kill a deer. One 
of the boys soon came to the door, his eyes as big as saucers, saying they had 
just killed a panther. Schwartz and Aubrey followed the boy, and saw that it 
was indeed true. The dogs had found the animal in a tree, whence he sprang 
among them. Before he could gather himself they seized him, and while strug- 
gling with the dogs one of the boys ran up and despatched the panther by 
crushing his skull with his axe. Aubrey says it was a full grown specimen. 

Robert B. Hutson, John Clark and Michael H. Hingst settled near Eads' 
Grove. The Land Office records show that Ebenezer Taylor and William Davis 
entered land in the vicinity of the Eads settlement in 1839, and it is proper to 
remark that, for several years from 1839, lands were entered in various parts of 
the county by parties who never became actual settlers. 

John Corbin and his wife, from Ohio, settled, this year, on Plum Creek, 
about four miles southeast of Penn's cabin. 

Samuel P. Whittaker located in Township 87 north, Range 4 west (Union), 
in 1839. His claim was southwest of the present town of Hopkinton. 

Hawley Lowe and Jefferson Lowe settled west of Kibbee's. 

Thomas Nicholson died in 1839, and was the first adult death in the county. 

THE FIRST ELECTION. 

July 29, 1839, the County Commissioners of Dubuque County passed the 

following : 

Ordered, That au election precinct be establislied at the house of .Tacob Schwartz, to be 
known as the Schwartz Precinct. 

There is no record of an election at Schwartz's in that year, but that there 
was such is indicated by the Commissioners' records of Dubuque County, of 
date Monday, August 26, which provided for the payment of Judges of Elec- 
tion, Clerk and Messenger, of Schwartz Precinct, at the election held the first 
Monday in August, as follows : John W. Penn, Lucius Kibbee and Jacob 



338 HISTORV OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 

Swart (Schwartz), Judges, $1.00 each; G. D. Dillon, Clerk, $1.00, and Will- 
iam H. Morning. Clerk and Messenger, ^-t.oO. 

At this election, the settlers of Delaware County voted for Dubuque County 
officers and for members of the Territorial Legislature ; but in relation to the 
number of votes polled, the records are silent. 

Lucius Kibbee served on the Grand Jury of Dubuque County in August, 
1839. Lerov Jackson and William H. Whiteside were, also. Grand Jurors in 
that year, but not from Delaware. 

The first religious services in Delaware, of which record or tradition remains, 
were held in 1839, by Mr. Simeon Clark, a Methodist preacher from Dubuque 
County, at the Moreland settlement, or colony. He was called Preacher Clark 
by the settlers, and "Cap-head" Clark by the ungodly boys, because he gen- 
erally went without a hat, having a handkerchief bound around his head. He 
was not an ordained minister at that time, but was an earnest exhorter, and 
generally preached to the settlers on Sunday, while out upon his bee-hunting 
expeditions. In the Summer of 1839, Mr. Clark and a Mv. Funston, also of 
Dubuque, traversed Delaware County, hunting bees. In relation to the first 
religious services by Mr. Clark, Mr. McNamee writes : " The first sermons he 
preached were in a little cabin occupied by four or five young men (names not 
given, but probably Gilmore, Baker, Thomas Cole and others), who were " keep- 
ing bach," as they termed it. Said cabin was the first one that was built in 
this township, and the first sermon that was preached in this township was in 
this bachelor cabin." 

In the Fall of 1839, a war party of the Sacs and Foxes, or Musquakas, 
numbering twenty-five, under the lead of one of Keokuk's sons, stopped at 
Moreland's on their way to the head waters of the Volga, whither they were 
going to surprise a camp of Winnebagoes. While at the Colony, Jacob B. 
Moreland, then a lad of 18, sold them his dog for a deer and coon they had 
killed. This party afterward surprised the camp of Winnebagoes while the 
chief and his braves were absent hunting, killed twenty-five old men, squaws 
and children, and captured two of the chief's children. 

During 1840, immigration to the Delaware settlements began to increase 
very considerably, and relatively large accessions were made to the population. 
Among those who sought homes in the groves and on the prairiesof Delaware 
in 1H40, may be mentioned the following : 

Clement Coffin, who made his headquarters at Fads' Grove, while he ex- 
plored the country, permanently located in the beautiful grove since known by 
his name, in the southern central part of Township 89 N., R. 6 W. (Coffin's 
Grove), and became one of the leading, influential citizens of the county ; at that 
time his family was located farther west than any other white family in this part 
of the Territory of Iowa. 

Of Judge Coffin, Mr. Peet in his Centennial sketch remarks : " He was a 
genuine an«l true man to his friends ; of great fidelity to his trust ; entirely free 
from anything like hypocrisy ; he made up his mind with deliberation, and 
then expressed his oi)inion whether his hearers were pleased or not ; and we 
always knew where to find liim. He was a millwright, a carpenter, a dairyman, 
a wagon maker and a successful, energetic farmer. Mrs. Coffin knew how to 
draw around her wilderness home the wise and the good. She raised her family 
well, and fitted them for the highest and best social positions. 

Daniel Brown had settled at Fads' Grove. Brown is said to have been the 
first blacksmith in the county, but Joel Bailey was a gunsmith, and, as we have 
seen, worked some at blacksmithing. 



HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 339 

Robert Gamble, William R. Evans, and perhaps others settled near Eads. 
Drury R. Dance had settled near Schwartz, and Oliver A. Olmstead located 
near Dillon's. 

The Moreland colony received comparatively large additions to its popula- 
tion during this year. Leonard Wiltse and family (iVpril), John Melugin and 
family, Drake Nelson, Nathan Springer, Amasa Wiltse, William Montgomery 
and James Montgomery settled in that vicinity. Abraham and ^Villiara H. White- 
side, formerly of Jo Daviess County, 111 , located and probabl}^ settled on the 
North Fork of the Maquoketa in the Fall ; William H. Whiteside was one of the 
Judges of Election in Paul's Precinct, Dubuque County, in August, 1840. 

Duncan McCullom settled in the southeast part of the county, near the 
Livingstons. Richard Waller, Joseph Ogilby, Elder Ira A. Blanchard (who 
was the first minister of the Gospel, Baptist) to settle in Delaware County, 
Orlean Blanchard and perhaps some others settled on Buck Creek, in Town- 
ship 87, R. 4 W. 

Benjamin F. Moffatt settled on Plum Creek (east of the present town of 
Delhi), near Schwartz ; between Moffatt's and Penn's Grove George and 
John Cutler built their cabins, and near them settled Moses Pennock. The 
Lindsey family, formerly at Eads' Grove, settled in this vicinity about this time. 

Charles W. Hobbs came in 1840, and lived one year at Dillon's, then moved 
to Penn's Grove. 

William R., Adin, John and Leverett Padelford, with their mother and three 
sisters, settled near the mouth of Honey Creek, in Township 89 N., R. 5 W, 
(one of the sisters, Delotia, subsequently married John Nagle, one of the first 
settlers of the Colony. Leverett Padelford, his mother and sister Sarah died 
here, and lie buried in a field south of Jones' woolen mills, and a little west of 
Acers' Addition to Manchester, with nothing to mark their last resting places.) 
Leverett Rexford, who was the brother of Mrs. Padelford, his son Francis, 
daughter Olive, and nephew, Valorus B. Rexford, came with the Padelfords. 

About the same time, Joel Pike took up land in the same township, near 
Hutson's, and near the present site of Millheim. 

Leroy Jackson, whose bojdiood days were spent in the frontier settlements 
of Kentucky, served in the Black Hawk war, and settled in Dubuque, in 1833. 
He was Avell skilled in all the arts of woodcraft, and frequently traversed the 
Delaware prairies on hunting expeditions. He took a plat of the lake, in 1837. 
In one of his hunting expeditions in 1840, he came to Nicholson's cabin. The 
father was dead and the widow did not wish to remain, and Jackson bought the 
sons' claim and property, consisting of thirty-five acres improved land, 160 
bushels of wheat, 400 bushels corn, 2 yokes of oxen, 2 cows, 3 or 4 young cattle, 
2 bbls. strained honey,* 1 barrel honey in comb, some hogs, hay, etc The 
price was $800, and Jackson paid $775. One of the Nicholsons afterward went 
to California. After making the bargain, Jackson returned to Dubuque, and 
induced Henry A. Carter, then in trade at that place, to join him in the purchase. 

* This seems at this day to be almost incredible, but it must be remembered that at that time, wild bees were numer- 
ous, and this was a land literally " flowing with wild honey," if not with milk. The groves were full of "bee-trees," 
and the early settlers always had plenty of honey. Judge Bailey states that in 1810, the Spring was mild, and one 
afternoon in March, he took his bait box, went out and found two bee-trees, from one of whiih, he and Keeler took 
about one hundred pounds of nice honey. Their mode of finding the bees was simple. The hunter was provided with 
a small box, in the bottom of which a piece of honey-comb was placed; this box was pinned with a lid in which a piece 
ef glass was set. There was also a slide by which the honey could be shut from the bees in the top. Sometimes a piece 
of bne bretvd was taken along to be burned to " toll " the bees. Arriving at the scene of operation, the hunter watched 
until he found a bee on a flower, when he would quietly approach with his open box, suddenly shut the lid, and the bee 
finding itself imprisoned would fly up against the glass, the slide would then be closed until the insect became quiets 
when it would be gentry opened and the bee would soon drop down upon the honej and go to work. The. box was then 
opened and the bee rising in the air would circle round a few times and then strike a "bee-line" for its tree. If it 
was near, it would be but a short time before there would be several bees return to tha treasure the first had found, 
indicating some mode of communication between these industrious and intelligent insects; watching their flight, the 
hunter was soon able to determine what direction to take, and seldom failed to find the tree. 



340 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 

Jackson moved to the Nicholson phice in 1840, and in the Winter of 1840-41, 
built a house of hewed logs, for Carter, who removed thither the following 
Spring. This was the first house built on tlie site where Hopkinton was after- 
ward founded. While raising this house, it is said that Hugh Livingston, who 
was a verv athletic man, picked up one the logs eighteen feet long, and raised it, 
without aid, to its place. Roland Aub>-ey imitated his example, but it is said 
did not handle his log with quite the same ease. 

Jackson and Carter each entered a quarter section, in 1840. 

William Bennett and his family returned to Eads' Grove in the Fall of 1840, 
but his restless disposition would not permit him to remain long in any one 
place, and in the Summer of 1841, he removed to Buchanan County 
and built a log cabin on the bank of the Wapsipinicon, becoming the first white 
settler of that county. April 16, 1842, he laid out a town there, employing Joel 
Bailey to do the surveying, and called it "Democracy," afterward changed to 
Quasqueton. He also built a mill there during the same year, but in 1843, 
sold out and went to Dubuque, where he had a tin shop for awhile. 

Among those who settled on Buck Creek at a very early day (but dates of 

settlement ai-e now lost), were Nelson Main, Silas Main, Charles Roff, 

Green, William Robinson and Aaron Blanchard. 

By an " act to organize, discipline and govern the militia of the Territory," 
approved January 4, 1839, the Territory was divided into three divisions. The 
counties of Clinton, Jones, Jackson, Dubuque, Clayton, Delaware, Fayette, 
Buchanan and Benton were constituted the Third Division. It was provided 
that '"whenever a county or district of country is distant, or so detached that 
in the opinion of the Governor it would be inconvenient for the persons residing 
there to belong to a organized regiment, they shall be organized as a separate 
battalion under the command of a Major." According to the best infor- 
mation now accessible, there appears to have been a meeting held at 
"Schwartz's," on Plum Creek, in 1840, for the election of officers for a 
military company, at which John W. Penn was elected Captain, and John 
Hiiikle, Lieutenant. 

May 27, 1840, Daniel Brown Avas appointed Constable for Eads Precinct, 
by the County Commissioners of Dubuque, and July 20th, Wra. H. Whiteside 
was appointed one of the Judges of Election in Paul's Precinct, Dubuque 
County. 

Tlie early records of Dubuque County are imperfect and do not show the 
a[)pointment of Judges of Election in Schwartz Precinct or the creation of 
Eads Precinct, but September 14, 1840, the Commissioners of Dubuque ordered 
the ]iayment of the following Judges and Clerks of Election and Messengers in 
Delaware County, at the election in August : Schwartz Precinct, B. F. Moffatt, 
D. R. Dance and Hawley Lowe, Judges ; John Corbin and G. D. Dillon, 
Clerks ; H. Lowe, Messenger. Eads Precinct, Daniel Brown, A. Dike and 
Thomas J. (G.) Eads, Judges ; Leverett Rexford and Valorus B. Rexford, Clerks ; 
Thomas J. (G.) Eads, Messenger. Michael H. Hingst, Wm. R. Evans and A¥. 
H. Morning served as (irand Jurors at Dubut^ue, at the Fall term of court, 
1>!40. Oliver A. Olmstead and a William Bennett also served as Jurors in 
September, 1840, 

In 1840, in the Summer, says Mr. Jacob B. Moreland, who was then a 
young man of 11>, a log school ho;ise was built about three-fourths of a mile north 
of his father's house. 

In this school house, before it was '^chinked," says Mr. Moreland, Preacher 
€lark held r-'liirious services. " One ]ileas:int Sunday morning, Clark, with his 



HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 341 

rifle on his shoulder, rode up to the fence near ray father's (David Morehand's) 
house, and called father and me from the cabin and informed us that he had just 
shot and badly wounded a deer, in the grove near by, and if we would go out 
Ave could get it. We went out, of course, and brought it in. That day, Mr. 
Clark preached in the new school house." Shooting deer on the Sabbath was 
evidently considered by the pioneer preacher of Delaware as falling within his 
legitimate calling, and he probably wanted a nice venison steak for dinner. 

" As soon as the new school house was completed," states Mr. Moreland, 
" the first school in the county was opened in it, during the same Fall, by Mrs. 
McClelland, wife of Hon. James A. McClelland, who had been for some years 
a Member of Congress from Fayette Co., Penn., and who came to Iowa shortly 
before in reduced circumstances." Congressmen did not get rich in those days. 

" About two months after school commenced, the school house was burned, 
and afterward Mrs. McClelland kept her school in James Cole's cabin. In the 
Spring of 1842, another school house was built, of logs, near the site of 
the former one, and the first school in it was taught by Miss Maria Phillips." 

In the Autumn of 1840, William and Cornelia Dillon, twin children of Mr. 
and Mrs. G. D. Dillon, were horn, being the first births recorded after the birth 
and death of Mr. Bennett's child, in 1837-38 ; and on the 7tli of January, 
1841, John W. Corbin was born. 

The first law suit, so far as is known, occurred about this time. Charles W. 
Hobbs bought a yoke of cattle of Mr. Kibbee, and, shortly after, one of the oxen 
died. Hobbs thought he ought not to pay full price, and Kibbee thought differ- 
ently. Suit was brought before Gilbert D. Dillon, Justice of the Peace, and 
the case was considered one of such magnitude that a jury was called. Among 
the jurymen remembered were Joel Bailey, Leroy Jackson and Roland Aubrey. 
The jury thought that if they adhered strictly to law they could not do equal 
and exact justice to both parties, and failed to agree, but intimated that referees 
might agree. At the request of both parties, the jurymen consented to act as 
referees. Sitting in equity thereon, they readily agreed upon a decision they 
considered just and right, but, says one of them, '" we made both parties mad." 

THE FIRST MARRIAGES. 

The first marriage license issued to Delaware people by the Clerk of Du- 
buque County, now on record, was issued to John Delong and Matilda A. 
Kibbee, June 19, 1840. Miss Kibbee was the daughter of Lucius Kibbee, then 
living where Rockville now stands, and the inference is, in the absence of 
absolute knowledge, that the wedding, which took place June 21, 1840, was at 
his house. If so, this must, in the light of present knowledge, be considered 
the first wedding in Delaware County. Mr. Delong lived at Cascade, 
Dubuque County. 

July 20, 1840, it is said that Thomas Cole and Miss Barbara Nicholson, 
step-daughter of William Fads, were married at Eads' Grove, by Rev. Simeon 
Clark ; and it has been stated that this was the first Avedding in the county. 

The license register of Dubuque County does not show that license was 
issued, and the marriage certificate is not now on file there. There is on file, in 
the Office of the Clerk of the Court at Dubuque, a document which was, doubt- 
less, filed to show Mr. Clark's authority to solemnize marriages as a substitute 
for a minister of the Gospel. This is a certificate, signed by Bishop Thomas A. 
Morris, certifying that " Simeon Clark is set apart for a Deacon in the Metho- 
dist Episcopal Church," and "recommending him, in the absence of an Elder, 



342 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 

as a suitable person to administer the ordinance of baptism, marriage and burial 
of the dead." Tliis document was dated at Plattville, W. T., August 29, 1841. 
Doubtless Mr. Clark neglected to make the proper return of the marriage to be 
recorded at Dubu<|ue. 

The ne.\t license recorded after Delong-Kibbeewas granted January 7, 1841, 
to John Nagle and Delotia Padelford : ''on oath of Nagle," certifies P. S. 
Dade, the Clerk, " that she was a resident of Delaware County, and of the age 
of eighteen years, and had no husband, and that he was over the age of twenty- 
one and had no wife." This couple was married at Eads' Grove, January 13, 
1841, bv the Rev. Hiram Hubbard. 

June 14, 1841, Gilbert D. Dillon, Justice of the Peace, certifies that B. 
Beard.'^lcy and Miss Mary Ann Wright were joined in matrimony by him ; and, 
November 17, of the same year, Daniel Brown, Justice of the Peace, officiated 
at the marriage of John Clark and Miss Olive Rexford. Samuel Kelly and 
Phebe Ann Tubbs were married in September, 1842. 

ORGANIZATION OF THE COUNTY. 

The people of Delaware had no representative from their own territory in 
the second Legislature of the Territory of Iowa, of 1839-40. There were 
hardly settlers enough in the county to make one full school district. But 
difficulties arose between thetAvo counties of Dubuque and Delaware, as the latter, 
being unorganized, was practically a part of the former ; territorial roads had 
been and were being laid out across the county, and the people of Dubuque 
were sharp enough to see that they might be called upon to expend more money 
in Delaware than they could reasonably expect to receive in revenue from its 
settlers. They did not like the idea of expending their money in sloughs fifty 
miles away when they needed it so much nearer home. The settlers of Dela- 
ware, they thought, ought to take care of themselves and build their own roads, 
and concluded, by a little gentle force, to compel them to organize their county, 
and thus relieve the Dubuque people from a disagreeable burden. Hence it is 
sai<l that the following act was passed without the knowledge or consent of the 
Delaware people, and was originated by the Dubuque delegation in the Terri- 
torial Legislature. If any of the settlers of Delaware knew of such contem- 
plated action, it is certain, says Judge Bailey, that " the most of them were 
entirely ignorant of it until after the passage of the act," which, as a matter of 
historical interest, is given in full as follows : 

[CHAPTER 7, LAWS 1839.] 

AN ACT to provide for the organization of the County </ Delaware, and to locate the seat of justice 
thfreof. 

Skction 1. Be it enacted by the Council and House of Representatives of the Territory of Iowa: 
That the County of Delaware shall be organized for county purposes as other counties of this 
Territory ha-ve heretofore been organized. 

.Sec. 2. The seat of justice of said county shall be located by tjiree Commissioners, non-resi- 
dents of said county, which .said Commissioners shall meet together on or before the tirst day of 
May next, eighteen hundred and forty, and forthwith proceed to e.xamine into and determine 
upon the most eligible point for the county seat of said county, having reference as far as practi- 
cable to a central situation, and also to the convenience of the present and prospective population. 

Sec. 3. The said Commissi. )ners shall, bef'>re they enter upon the performance of their said 
<luties, take and subscribe before some District .Judge or Justice of the Peace, the following oath, 

to wit : " I, , one of the Commissioners appointed to locate the seat of justice in 

and f.ir the county of Delaware, do hereVjy swear by Almighty God, the searcher of all hearts, 
that I will perforin the duty imposed by said appointment honestly and faithfully, according to 
the best of my understanding and abilities, and according to the law relative to locating said 
county seat; and I do further swear, as aforesaid, that I am not interested in said location in 



HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 343 

any manner whatever, present or in expectancy, but that in locating said county seat, I will be 
actuated only by a desire for the best interests of said county, without the slightest partiality 
toward any person or persons, and without any bias from fear, favor or recompense, or the hope 
of gain or advantage to myself in any respect whatever." 

Sec. 4. So soon as convenient, not exceeding fifteen days after the location shall have been 
made, the said Commissioners, or a majority of them, shall make out and return to the Governor 
a full statement or report of the place selected, describing the same as fully as practicable, which 
report, together with the foregoing affidavits, shall be filed in the office of the Secretary of the 
Territory, to remain of public record. 

Sec. 5. The county shall, so soon as said report shall be filed, be considered as a separate 
county, and shall have all the privileges and be subject to all laws and provisions now in force, or 
that may be hei-eafter in force, in regard to the counties of this Territory, and shall proceed 
hereafter to elect their county officers at the same time and in the same manner as in other organ- 
ized coimties. 

Sec. 6. The first general election shall be held, for the whole county, at the houses of Wm. 
Eads, J. Schwartz and David Morland ; and thereafter, the county shall be divided, by the 
County Commissioners elect, into precincts, at the first regular meeting of their Board after said 
first general election, so as to suit the convenience of the inhabitants generally. And the Judges 
of said election shall seal up and direct the returns to the Clerk of the Commissioners' Court of 
Dubuque County ; and the said Commissioners shall proceed to open and canvass the said returns, 
and enter the same upon their records ; and shall issue certificates, notifying the persons having 
a majority of votes for the different offices. 

Sec. 7. The Commissioners appointed to locate the seat of justice, as aforesaid, shall receive 
$3.00 per diem for the time they shall be actually engaged in locating the same, not exceeding 
ten days, together with fiS.OO for every twenty miles' travel in going and returning to and from 
said county. 

Sec. 8. S. B. Umstead, of Clayton County, Shadrach Burliston, of Jackson County, and 
Paul Cain of Dubuque County, shall [be] and they are hereby appointed Commissioners to 
locate said county seat, under the provisions of this act. 

Approved December 20, 1839. 

For some reason, now unknown, the Commissioners appointed by the 
act did not meet, as directed, on the 1st day of May, 1840. Perhaps they 
thought it idle waste of time to locate a county seat on the broad and almost 
trackless prairie. Perhaps the opposition to the proposed organization among 
the settlers, when the action of the Legislature became known, may have in- 
fluenced them. However that may be, at the extra session of the Legislature, 
in July following, the act was passed : 

An act to amend an act entitled " An act to 2)rovide for the organization of the county of Delaware, 
and to locate the county seat thereof 

Whereas, The Commissioners appointed by " An act to provide for the organization of the 
county of Delaware, and to locate the seat of justice thereof," approved December 20, 1839, did 
wholly fail to meet on the first day of May, eighteen hundred and forty, be it enacted, etc., that 
William Smith, Sr., of Dubuque County ; William Jones, of Jackson County, and Thomas Denson, 
of Jones County, are hereby appointed Commissioners, to meet at the house of William Eads, in 
said county, on the first Monday of October, in the year of our Lord eighteen hundred and 
forty, or within ten days thereafter, and proceed to permanently locate the county seat in and 
for said county, according to the provisions and requirements of the act to which this is amend- 
atory. 

Sec. 2. That the eighth section of the act to which this is amendatory is hereby repealed. 

Approved July 24, 1840. 

Accordingly, at the time appointed, two of the Commissioners, Smith and 
Denson, met at the house of William Eads, at Eads' Grove, to attend to the 
arduous duty assigned them. Smith and Eads were old acquaintances, and it 
soon became evident that the former had become convinced that the county seat 
should be located in or near Eads' Grove ; but it was necessary, for the sake of 
appearances, if for nothing more, that the Commissioners should visit other 
localities and make some examinations elsewhere. From Eads' Grove they pro- 
ceeded to Bailey's Ford. There was hardly a man in the county, and certainly 
there was no man not a resident of the county, so well qualified to make a judi- 
cious and satisfactory selection as Joel Bnilev. He had surveyed a large part 



344 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 

of its territory, and was familiar with every stream, grove and spring within its 
limits. There were three essential points to be considered, viz., wood, water 
and an eligible site for a town. The exact geographical center of the county 
was destitute of wood and water, and, hence, it could not be expected that the 
county seat would be located at that precise point ; but the settlers of the 
county evidently desired, if they must be organized, that the county seat should 
be located as near the geographical center as an eligible site could be found. 

Mr. Bailey frankly informed the Commissioners that he had made his loca- 
tion at that point (Bailey's Ford) because, in his judgment, it was the best and 
most desirable site for the seat of justice of the county. There was an excel- 
lent mill privilege on the Macjuoketa, there was an abundance of wood, a good 
spring of water, and there was a fine site for a town. These essentials could 
not be found nearer the geographical center. The next most desirable location, 
in his judgment, was Penn's Grove, and the third at "The Lake." 

Mr. Denson informed Mr. Bailey that Mr. Smith was " set upon locating 
the county seat at Eads' Grove," but that if Mr. Bailey would relinquish to the 
county a certain "forty" on Section 9, at a mill site on the Maquoketa, he 
(Denson) would favor the location of the county seat at Bailey's Ford. Mr. 
Bailey replied that the location at Eads' Grove would not satisfy the people ; it 
was too far north of the geographical center of the county, and that the " forty " 
that Denson had designated was not a good location for a town, but that if the 
ford was considered too far west — as the settlements, at that time, were nearly 
all on the eastern side of the county — then the Commissioners had better take 
Penn's Grove and The Lake into consideration. 

From Bailey's Ford, the Commissioners went to " The Lake," visited the 
"Big Spring," and Denson appears to have decided that this was the right 
spot for the county seat. Smith was equally determined to locate it at Eads' 
Grove. They spent some time in discussing the question, and the more they 
argued, the more firmly each was convinced that the other was wrong and ought 
to submit. It does not appear to have occurred to them that Mr. Jones might 
have been called in to settle the dispute, and at last they determined to go home 
and leave the question unsettled. 

" The"somewhat important question occurred to Mr. Smith, however," saya 
Mr. Hobbs, "that, if they failed to locate the county seat, they would not 
be entitled to pay for what they had done, and he didn't like the idea of losing 
so much heavy and useless work." Accordingly, he suggested to Mr. Denson 
that they had spent two weeks in their arduous eiforts to fix the location, and if 
they went home without doing it they would not be likely to get any pay. 
"Now," said Smith, " I think Eads' is the best place, you think The Lake the 
most eligible; we can't agree, and Jones isn't here; suppose we 'flip a dol- 
lar?' " "Agreed!" said Denson. The dollar was "flipped," Smith won, 
and the county seat was located in the southern part of Eads' Grove, near the 
present site of Millheim, or " Dutchtown," as it was sometimes called, in the 
northern part of Township 80 north, Range 5 west (Delaware). The county 
seat, thus located by one of the three Commissioners, was named by Smith, 
'^Elizabeth," in honor of Mrs. Elizabeth Bennett, the first white woman who 
lived in the county. 

As soon as the action of the Commissioners became known, it created intense 
dissatisfaction among the settlers in all parts of the county, except those in the 
immediate vicinity of Eads' Grove, and they did not propose to submit to it 
without vigorous protest. A mass meeting, called by the settlers in the south- 
eastern i)art of the county, assembled at Penn's Grove, and strong resolutions 



HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. M5 

were unanimously adopted, protesting against "Elizabeth," denouncing the 
Commissioners for their unfair action, and the indignant settlers determined to 
petition the Legislature for permission to re-locate the county seat by a vote of 
the people. They justly considered themselves as capable of making a selection 
as non-residents could be, and, besides, they thought it was their right to locate 
their owm county seat. Petitions were circulated, signed by every man in the 
county, except those at '' Eads' Settlement." 

The petition was presented to the Territorial Legislature, and a bill was 
reported from the committee to which it was referred, providing that the citizens 
of the county should locate their county seat by a vote of the people at the gen- 
eral election in August following. The bill received no opposition, except from 
Dr. Mason, of Dubuque, who argued, very eloquently, that the question of 
locating the county seat Avas one of such great importance that it could not be 
safely entrusted to the people most interested and best qualified to decide it. 
The Delaware people had been forced into organization, and Mason evidently 
thought that outsiders ought to locate their seat of justice, and, perhaps, run their 
county machine as well. But his eloquence failed to convince his colleagues 
and associates that there was any danger in permitting the people of the county 
to manage their own aifairs without foreign interference. The bill passed, and 
was approved January 13, 1841. 

" An act to establish a Territorial road from the town of Dubuque to Camp 
Atkinson," approved January 13, 1841, appointed Calvert Roberts, Samuel L. 
Clifton and Joseph Hewett Commissioners to locate that road. So much of 
this act as related to the road in Dubuque County was repealed February 16, 
1842, and so much of the road as had been located in Dubuque County was 
declared vacated ; but this repealing act was repealed June 11, 1845, and Peter 
D. Sharp, David Moreland and William J. Anderson were appointed by the 
Legislature to re-locate the road through Dubuque County, and, by way of the 
Colony and Eads', to Camp Atkinson. 

In the Spring of 1841, in order to fix upon some location for the county seat, 
that the people might vote intelligently and with some degree of harmony, 
another mass meeting was called at Penn's Grove, and after discussing the mat- 
ter, a committee consisting of Joel Bailey, Leroy Jackson, William H. White- 
side, Roland Aubrey, S. P. Whittaker, John W. Penn and Cyrus Keeler, were 
appointed to select a proper location to be voted for, A few days later, four 
members of the committee, viz., Bailey, Aubrey, Whiteside and Jackson, met at 
Penn's Grove, and first proceeded to the geographical center of the county, a 
short distance west of the present village of Delaware. But it was a high, 
rolling prairie, destitute of wood and water, and the committee unanimously 
decided that that point was ineligible. They then proceeded to the nearest 
timber, southwest on Spring Branch, but upon examination, it was found to be 
too much broken for a town site. They followed the stream to its confluence 
with the Maquoketa, two miles west and two miles south of the geographical 
center, and here some of the committee were in favor of locating, but all were 
not satisfied, and they determined to visit " The Lake " (since known as Delhi or 
Silver Lake), a beautiful sheet of water, surrounded by burr-oak groves, in which 
was a large spring of living water, at that time considered indispensable in the 
location of a town site. As they were riding leisurely along, approaching the 
spring and lake from the west, in a little "run" (about forty rods northwest 
of the present Catholic Church at Delhi, and a little west of the town as after_ 
wards surveyed), a large deer suddenly sprang up and stood looking at the party 
Settlers were not numerous then, and the deer were not so timid as they afte ' 



346 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 

ward became. The party stopped instantly, and Aubrey, who, like the true 
frontiersman he was, always carried his trusty rifle, dismounted, and as he 
raised his piece, Jackson exclaimed, "Now, Aubrey, kill that deer and we will 
stick the county seat stake right here." Aubrey's aim was unerring, and 
the deer fell dead. Jackson's jocular remark was accepted in earnest, and the 
stake was planted on the southeast quarter of Section 17, Township 88 N., R. 4 
W., which the committee recommended to the people as the most suitable site, in 
their judgment, for the county seat. 

Durin cr 1841, the pioneer settlements of Delaware County were considerably 
enlarged. '' Charles Osborn, Hiram Minkler, Henry Baker, Horace Tubbs and 
others settled at Coffin's Grove. Ezra Hubbard, Jared Hubbard (April), Hor- 
ace Pierce (April), Robert Torrence, Allen Fargo, Amos Williams, William 
Burnham, John Burnham, Patrick Hogan and others in the northern part of 
the county, near Moreland colony. Alexander Brown and Morris Reed, near 
Eads'. Simeon Phillips and his son, Fayette Phillips settled near " The Lake." 
Theodore Marks settled in T. 87, R. 3, about three miles northeast of Jack- 
son's. " But," says Judge Bailey, " settlers came in very slowly for ten years, 
and we were frequently discouraged. I never expected to see the day when 
settlers would go on the open prairie west of us and make farms away from the 
timber." The idea of planting timber on the open prairie had not then occurred 
to the settlers, and all the early settlements were made in or very near the 
groves and Avater courses. 

In 1841, Leverett Rexford put up the walls of a cabin east of Bailey's, where 
Jolin Lillibridgc now resides, and helped Bailey build a new cabin just north of 
his first one, which is now (May, 1878) still standing in a good state of preserva- 
tion. After the marriage of his daughter, in November, however, Mr. Rexford 
went back to " York State." 

April 5, 1841, by order of the Dubuque Commissioners, Lucius Kibbee was 
paid ^3.00 and Missouri Dickson |1.50 for wolf scalps. 

April 7, 1841, the County Commissioners of Dubuque again appointed 
Judges of Election in Delaware as follows : Eads Precinct, Daniel Brown, John 
Hinkle and William Eads; Schwartz Precinct, John W. Penn, John Keelerand 
Leroy Jackson ; Moreland Precinct, Cole, Mallory, Moreland. 

FIRST COUNTY ELECTION. 

The election for the location of the county seat, and for the choice of 
County officers, was held at tlic several precincts, according to the records, 
August 2, 1841. The following incident of this election is related: Bennett, 
whose claim was as likely to be his saddle as one on terra firma, was at Eads 
Grove where Joel Bailey Avent to vote. Bailey was informed that Bennett 
intended to vote, to Avhich he replied, " I shall challenge any illegal vote." Ben- 
nett soon heard the remark, approached Bailey, and after introducing the sub- 
ject, shook his finger in tlie hitter's face and menacingly remarked, " If anybody 
challenges my vote, there's a finger that never trembles." Mr. Bailey fired up 
a little. He was not a man to be bluffed by a bully, and he very firmly informed 
Bennett that he should " challenge any man's vote that he believed to be illegal." 
Bennett finding that his opponent didn't scare Avorth a cent, did not off"er his 
Vote. 

In September, 1841, the Dubu(|uc Commissioners ordered the payment of 
Judges and Clerks of the election held August 2, 1841, as folloAvs : Judges and 
<'lorks (im- d..llar each. Schwartz Precinct — Leroy Jackson, John Keeler and 



7V ' 








^, 



^^W^/ 



COFFINS GROVE TR 



HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 349 

John W. Penn, Judges ; J. R. Harvey and Charles W. Hobbs, Clerks ; J. W. 
Penn, Messenger (4U miles), $4. Eads Precinct — William Eads, John Hinkle 
and Daniel Brown, Judges ; Leverett Rexford and Robert Gamble, Clerks ; 
William Eads, Messenger (50 miles), $5. Moreland Precinct — Thomas Cole, 
Missouri Dickinson and David Moreland, Judges ; W. Montgomery and James 
Rutherford, Clerks ; Thomas Cole, Messenger (35 miles), $3.50. Afterward, 
however, on the 5tli of October, the Dubuque Commissioners rescinded the order 
for paying these officers, " the Board being of the opinion that the County of 
Delaware being, by law, a separate county, she in consequence is bound to pay 
that expense." 

Under the law, providing for the first election in Delaware County, the re- 
turns were to be made to the Clerk of the Board of County Commissioners of 
Dubuque County, and Charles W. Hobbs was appointed to carry them to 
Dubuque, which he did on foot, walking forty-five miles, and arriving in 
Dubuque about 9 o'clock P. M. of the last day on which the returns could be 
legally filed. On the 4th day of October, at a meeting of the County Commis- 
sioners of Dubuque County, the votes were canvassed, and the following officers 
of Delaware County declared elected : Leroy Jackson, Sheriff, having received 
twenty-two votes ; William H. Whiteside (thirty-six votes), William Eads 
(twenty-three votes), Daniel Brown (twenty-three votes). County Commission- 
ers; Robert B. Hutson, Treasurer (thirty-nine votes), John Padelford, Recorder 
(twenty-seven votes) ; Joseph Bayley (Joel Bailey), County Surveyor (thirty- 
four votes) ; Roland Aubrey, Judge of Probate (twenty votes) ; Fayette Phillips, 
County Assessor (tAventy-one votes) ; William L. Woods, Coroner (fifteen votes) ; 
Theodore Marks, Public Administrator (two votes) ; Hawley Lowe, Constable 
for " Swartz " Precinct; Robex't Gamble (eleven votes) and William Evins 
(Evans) (seven votes), Constables for "Eads " Precinct. 

For county seat, twenty-five votes were cast for Township 88 north, Range 
4 west, southeast quarter of Section 17, and, says the Commissioners' record, 
"the old location received six votes." The "old location" was "Elizabeth," 
located by William Smith, who was also one of the County Commissioners of 
Dubuque County at this time. 

The County Commissioners elect, met at the house of William Eads at Eads' 
Grove, November 19, 1841. There is no record of the appointment of a Chair- 
man, and the presumption is that Whiteside, being first on the roll, acted as 
Chairman. Charles W. Hobbs was appointed Clerk of the Board " during its 
pleasure." 

Mr. Hobbs made an admirable Clerk. It was no easy task to perform the 
duties of Clerk and Recorder in a new county, without knowledge of the numer- 
ous details, and without guide or precedent, yet Mr. Hobbs was equal to the 
emergency ; his records compare favorably with those of other and older counties, 
and Delaware owes a debt of gratitude to its first Clerk that it cannot repay. 

Having selected a county seat, it became the duty of the County Commis- 
sioners to secure the land, but there was no money in the treasury, and, as sub- 
sequent events proved, the credit of the county was not remarkably good. To 
provide for the exigency, on the 20th the following order was passed : 

Ordered, That William H. Whiteside be and he is hereby authorized to borrow money to 
enter the county seat, and he is not to exceed 40 per cent, interest for the loan thereof; and 
that he enter the quarter section on which the county seat is located, for the benefit of the County 
Board. 

Judge Bailey says that the quarter section selected was pre-empted by the 
county, that is, it was marked, in the land office at Dubuque, so that it could not 



350 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 

be entered bv :iny other parties, but it was necessary that the county should 
raise the money (^200) within the time specified by Law. 

The first deed recorded in Dehaware County was one bearing date January 
4, 1842, signed by John Hinkle and his wife, Cynthia Hinkle, witnessed by 
Thomas G^Eads and William H. Reed, conveying to John Clark 120 acres of 
land in Township 88, Range 5, in consideration of $1,500, and acknowledged 
b efore Daniel Brown, Justice of the Peace. It would seem that the considera- 
tion of $1,500 was a large sum for 120 acres at that time. 

January 17, 1842, the Commissioners met at the house of John W. Penn, 
when it was ordered that Fayette Phillips be appointed County Assessor ; Chas. 
W. Ilobbs, County Recorder ; Robert B. Hutson, County Treasurer, and Joel 
Baik-y, County Surveyor, for the year 1842. Joel Bailey was also Deputy 
Treasurer in the same year. 

At the election, in August previous, all these had been elected, except Hobbs, 
who was appointed in place of Padelford, wdio probably did not qualify, and this 
action of the Board is not explained. 

On the 18th, John W. Penn was appointed County Collector, and Daniel 
Beck, one of the County Constables, in Eads Precinct, for the year 1842. 

By an act of the Territorial Legislature, approved February 17, 1842, 
entitled "An act for the organization of Townships," a former act, approved 
January 10, 1840, was repealed, and County Commissioners were authorized 
to divide their respective counties into townships of "such shape and size as 
the convenience and interests of the citizens may require." 

It appears that Mr. Whiteside w^as not successful in raising money, notwith- 
standing the enormous rate of interest oifered, sufficient, one would think, to 
tempt the cupidity of the money loaners of that day, and at this meeting the 
order of November 11), 1841, relating to the matter, was rescinded. The Com- 
missioners evidently thought that if settlers could get money to enter their 
lands at 25 per cent, interest* the county ought to be able to drive as good a 
bargain. Accordingly, on the 18th of January, 1842, the Board passed the 
following order : 

Ordered, That Daniel Brown be and he is hereby authorized and empowered to borrow 
money on the best terms he can, not to exceed 25 per cent., to enter the county seat, and if he 
can get the money, he is authorized to enter the county seat as soon as the money is procured, 
without any delay, for the use and benefit of the county. 

Until now, the county seat had no name, and it became necessary that a 
name should be designated. The Commissioners did not like to take the respon- 
sibility without first consulting their constituents, and they therefore requested 
the settlers, many of whom had gathered at Penn's, for the session of the County 
Commissioners' Court was an important event, to select a name. Several were 
suggested. Mr. J. W. Penn thought that " Chester " would do; the name of 
Marysville was suggested, in honor of Mrs. Mary E. A. Hobbs ; and Joel Bailey 
and .J(jhn Keeler proposed, inasmuch as Delhi was the county seat of Delaware 
County, N. Y., that " Delhi " would be a suitable name for the seat of justice 
of Delaware County, Iowa. A vote was taken, and " Delhi " received the greatest 
number. This was reported to the Connuissioners, who thereupon, January 18, 
pa.ssed the following : 

Ordered, Tliat the county seat of Delaware County be and it is hereby called and named 
Demii. 



The early settlers fonnd It very difficult to raise the money with which to pay for their land, and n 
were ol'liK'-d to borrow. Jud^'o Bailey states that the usual rate was 25 per cent., to be paid annually, 
entered the lan.l in his own name, giving the settler a bond for a deed, if the interest was paid when >.,.. „.... .^, 
pmicipal at maturity, and these loans were seldom made for a longer time than two years. It was hard for the plo 
neers, but many of them had uo other way of paying for their land. 



many of them 

The lender 

due and the 



HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 351 

Ordered, That the County Surveyor proceed to survey and lay off the county seat into lots, 
on the 15th day of March, or as soon thereafter as the weather will permit. 

Ordered, That the County Commissioners shall meet the County Surveyor at the county seat 
on the 15th day of March, or as soon thereafter as the weather will permit. 

It_ was important that the county should be provided with a seal, and the 
Commissioners 

Ordered, That the present seal of this Board be [C C ], and that it shall be affixed to any 
instrument of writing appertaining to this Board, which may require a seal thereto. 

By act of the Territorial Legislature, approved January 18, 1842, Joel 
Bailey, of Delaware County, Edward Steel, of Dubuque County, and Mahon 
Lupton, of Jones County, were appointed Commissioners to locate and estab- 
lish a territorial road " from the county seat of Delaware to Dillon's Mill ; 
thence, across the river, and running the east side of the Maquoketa, to the 
falls on said river, at the town of West Cascade." 

By act approved February 16, 1842, "Maquoketa" River was declared to 
be a public highway for all navigable purposes whatsoever ; and owners of mill 
dams and other dams were required " forthwith to construct such shutes or locks, 
at least twenty feet wide and one hundred and twenty feet long," for the pas- 
sage of "flat boats or other boats, crafts, etc." 

THE FIRST COURT HOUSE. 

It has seldom occurred in the history of this country that the people of 
a county have turned out en masse to build a court house as they would to help 
a neighbor build his cabin. The people of Delaware had selected a quarter 
section of wild prairie for their county seat. There was not a single cabin on 
it, and the nearest settler was two miles away. They had elected county ofii- 
cers, but they could not meet at the county seat, and it was necessary that there 
should be a court house erected. The Commissioners' Court must be provided 
with suitable quarters ; besides, at no distant day, the settlers expected they 
must provide for judicial courts. 

Accordingly, during the Winter of 1842, in February or March, the set- 
tlers gathered at "Delhi," with their axes and teams, to build the "Court 
House." The spot selected was near the southeast corner of the quarter section, 
a beautiful spot, a few rods from the lake. While some engaged in cutting the 
logs in the timber — mostly hickory, on the south side of the lake — others, with 
their teams, hauled them across the lake, on the ice, to the designated spot ; and 
others still raised a commodious log building, 18x24 feet, two stories high, de- 
signed for a court room on the first floor, and a jury room on the second. The 
gable ends were " cobbed up," and the " ribs " and " ridgepole " placed in posi- 
tion ready to receive the "shake" roof. This was the first building erected at 
the county seat. Lumber was afterward hauled from Olmsted's mill for the 
floors, but it was some time, as will appear, before the roof was put on and 
the building finished. Mr. Hobbs says the "Commissioners held a meeting 
in the Court House before the roof was put on. During the meeting it began 
to rain, and I had to take oft' my coat to spread over the ' papers,' to keep them 
dry." 

Delhi was surveyed and platted by Joel Bailey, County Surveyor, in March, 
1842. He was assisted by Charles W. Hobbs and Fayette Phillips, chainmen, 
and John W. Penn, who cut the stakes. The plat, however, was not recorded 
until the county acquired the title to the land, in March, 1846. When the sur- 
vey was made, it was found that the Court House was upon two lots ; the line 
between Lots 11 and 12 passed through it, leaving three or four feet of the build- 



352 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 

in'^ on 12. The eastern tier of lots, of which 12 is one, Wcas afterward vacated 

for a street. 

The orio-inal plat, certified by Joel Bailey, March 31, and approved by the 
County Commissioners, April 3, 1842, is still preserved, carefully framed, in 
the Recorder's office, at Delhi. The vacated lots above mentioned have been 

obliterated. 

April 4, 1842, the County Commissioners met at the house of John W. 
Penn, and appointed Ezra Hubbard, David Moreland and Montgomery Seur 
(probably Montgomery, Senior,) as Judges of Election in the Moreland Pre- 
cinct : Clement Coffin, Reed and Henry W. Lyons, Judges of Election 

of Eads Precinct, and Abraham Whiteside, John Corbin and John Keeler, 
Judges of Election in the Schwartz Precinct, for the year 1842. 

At this session, the Board provided for the payment of Surveyor Bailey and 
his assistants for laying out the town of Delhi. 

Mr. Brown does not appear to have been successful in raising money to enter 
the county seat for April 5, the following order appears of record : 

Ordered, That William H. Whiteside be, and he is hereby, appointed to attend to the entry of 
the county seat, and it it is entered to obtain a bond from H. W. Sartford, for the execution of a 
deed to the county upon the payment of the entry money with twenty-five per cent, interest. 

Ordered, That William II. Whiteside be and he is hereby authorized to sign a note in the 
name of the County Commissioners for the payment of the money borrowed to enter the county seat. 

April 6, the Board ordered the place of election in " Schwartz " Precinct, 
champed to the house of John Corbin. The Court House needed some work 
done on it to render it habitable. It needed a roof, windows, door, etc., and 
the Commissioners 

Ordered, That William Eads, be and he is hereby authorized to contract with a carpenter for 
work to be done on the Court House at Delhi according to a bill of particulars, and he is limited 
not to exceed sixty-five dollars for the same, to be paid in county orders. 

July 5, 1842, the Board met as before, and ordered the payment of twelve 
dollars each to Samuel Clifton, Joseph Hewett, Calvert Roberts and Alfred 
Brown, for their services in laying out the road from Dubuque to Camp Atkin- 
son, and for paying Alfred Wilson and Moses Hewett as chainmen, and George 
Culver as stake driver. 

By an act of the Territorial Assembly, approved February 10, 1842, the 
County Commissioners of Delaware were re(iuired to pay Wm. Smith, Sr., 
William Jones and Thomas Denson, three dollars per day each for their services 
as Commissioners in locating the county seat of Delaware in 1840, " out of any 
money in the county treasury of said county not otherwise appropriated." 
Mr. Smith was prompt to present his bill, and inasmuch as the county treas- 
ury was entirely guiltless of having any money, and there did not appear to 
be any immediate prospect that the Treasurer's wallet would contain any, there 
is a grim humor in the following order passed by the Commissioners : 

Ordered, That William Smith, Surveyor of Dubuque County, be paid forty- two dollars out of 
the treasury in any money not otherwise appropriated, for his services in locating the county 
seat of Delaware County, as per account filed in this office. 

The first action of the Commissioners in relation to county roads appears of 
record at the July session, when it was 

Ordered, That the road running from the Dubuque road, near Mr. Floids, to the White Oak 
• irove, from thence to pass the school house and intersect the road running from Prairie du Chien 
to tlie county line of Delaware, he and the same is hereby established as a public county road, 
and that David Moreland, .Missouri Dickson and W. Wiltse are hereby appointed Commissioners 
to locate the same, and that Kzra Hubbard is hereby appointed Supervisor of the same. 

Orders were also passed at this meeting establishing the rate of taxes for the 
year 1S42 as follows: " Levy on taxable property for county pur})oses, four and 



HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 



353 



three-fourths of a mill on the dollar ; Poll tax on every white male inhabitant 
between 21 and 50 years of age, one dollar ; Territorial tax on all taxable prop- 
erty m the county, one-fourth of a mill on the dollar. 

THE FIRST TAX. 

Among the early records of Delaware County preserved in the Treasurer's 
office, at Delhi, are the abstracts of the assessment rolls of 1842, 1843, 1845 
and 1847._ The first tax assessed in Delaware was in 1842, and the first assess- 
ment roll is an interesting historical document, as it not only shows the amount 
of taxes paid and the names of the tax payers, but indicates, with tolerable accu- 
racy, the number and names of the actual settlers in Delaware County at that 
time, as very few were non-residents. The document, of which the following 
is a copy, was written upon two sheets of letter paper, by C. W. Hobbs, Clerk, 
and it will be interesting to compare them with the tabular statement of valua- 
tion and taxes levied in Delaware County, for 1877, as showing the results of 
thirty-five years of, growth and progress: ' 

ABSTRACT OF THE ASSESSMENT ROLL OF DELAWARE COUNTY, AS RETURNED AND ACCEPTED BY THE 

COUNTY COMMISSIONERS FOR 1842. 
Taxes Due. How Paid. 

John Corbin 8 3.14% Is to pay $3.30; paid. 



Liinius Kibbee, Jr.... 


2.171.; 


Hobbs pays ; paid. 


William Eads 


3.471;; 
1.9.5 


Paid. 


Hpiirv W. Lyons 


Holt pays. 


Robert B. Hutson 


3.4714 


Paid. 




2.081 ; 
2.2-5 


Paid. 


.John Clark 


Paid. 


Adin raddleford 


1.75 


Paid. 


Wm. K. Paddleford... 


2.041; 


Paid. 


Clement Coffin 


2.121; 


Hobbs pays ; paid. 


Cliarles Osborn. . ...... 


.2.5 




Emily Tubbs 


.25 


Paid. 


James Cole 


1.4.51; 


Paid. 


James Montgomery.. 


2.10 


Paid. 


Leonard Wiltse 


2.421; 


Paid. 


Wellins-ton Wiltse... 


2.271/2 


Paid SI. 271;; 81.00. 


David Moreland 


5.13 


Paid ; over age ; Sl.OO. 


Jacob Landis 


1.70 


Paid 82.70. 




2.20 
4.40 


Paid. 


Missouri Dickson — 


Paid. 


.Tames Rutherford.... 


2.05 


Cr. 60 paid ; paid. 




2.35 
3.00 


Paid : Cr. Blacker, 65 


Oilberf D. Dillon 


Paid L. J. 


Duncati MoCuUom... 


2.05 


Paid, 81.05. 


■Toll Benson 


1.65 


Paid. 


William Burnham.... 


2.(10 


Overage; 81.00. 


l^amuel Whitaker 


4.65 


Paid. 


.Toseph Rutherford... 


2.6314 


Hobbs pays. 


Orlean Blanchard 


1.00 


Paid. 


William Hoas 


.50 


Burnham to pay 25. 


Joseph 03-lehv 


1.00 


Paid. 


Favette Phillips 


2.401 '„ 


S. Philip is to pay 2; paid. 


Simeon Phillips 


1.72 


Paid. 


Richard F. Barrett... 


4.00 


Paid 82.00 (illegible ), 2.00. 


Eleazor Venters 








9.50 
4.00 


Paid. 


James Crawford 


Paid. 




2.771; 

1.20 

1.50 


Paid. 




Paid over; 30 due J. H. P. 


William McMullin... 


Eads paid. 


.Toel Pike 


.75 
.75 


Paid. 


William Davis 


Paid. 


James Eads 


1.531; 


Paid. 


Abraham Whitesldes 


2.87 U 


Paid. 




1.50 
2.25 


Paid. 


D. R Dance 


Hoblis pays ; paid. 
Paid. 




i.oeVt 

1.621 ; 


John B. Bennoist 




W. L. Woods 


1.25 
1.40 


Paid. 


Edmund Scoggins.... 


Hobbs pays ; paid. 


Daniel Brown 


1.65 


Paid. 


Morris Reed 


1.411; 


Paid. 


Alexander Browne... 


2.1734 


Paid. 


John Hinkle 


1.371 2 


Paid. 


Hiram Minkley 






rMinkler) 


1.38 
1.30 


Paid. 


Horace Tubbs 






2.22'4 

ilii " 


Paid. 


Jacob Clark 


Elds is to pay. 


Joseph Lull 


1.501-; 


Over age ; 81 .00 paid. ' 


Charles W. Hobbs 


1.921^ 


Hobbs pays ; paid. 



Taxes Due. How Paid. 


Thomas Coal (Cole)... 


2.27^4 


Eads pays. 


Wm. Montgomery.. . 


1.12 14 


Overage; 81.00 paid. 


Albert Baker 


1.3U 


Paid30centi, 


Cylus (Silas) Gilmore 


81.75 


Paid. 


R. Torents (Torrence) 


1.25 


Paid. 


Moses Dean 


1.40 


Paid. 


John Bradley 


1.96 


Paid. 


William Hite 


.25 


Paid. 


Hawlev Lowe 


145 

1.471.; 


Paid 


0. A.Olmsted 


Paid. 




1.821., 
1.311 




Hugh Livingston 


Paid. 


Angus Madison 


1.42'-.< 


Paid. 




1 .571/2 


Paid 


John Livingston 


1.6U 


Paid 60 ; L. J. 60 paid. 


James Livingston 


1.60 


Overage; 81 .00 paid; 60 


Rheinard Kameron.. 


1.13 


Paid. 


Arthur Laughlin 


1.131; 


Paid. 


Roland Aubrey 


1.55 


Paid. 


Leroy Jackson 


2.22;i 


Paid; L.J. 


Henry A. Carter 


1.40 


Hobbs pays ; paid. 


Hannah Carter 


.85 


Hobbs pays; paid. 


Jefferson Lowe 


1.121^ 


Paid ; L. J. 


William Nicholson... 


1.25 


Paid ; L. J. 


Henry W. Hoskins... 


1.00 


Paid. 


John Paddleford 


1.00 


Paid. 


Allen Fargo 


1.00 


Paid. 


Phipps Wiltse 


3.00 




Liberty Coale (Cole).. 


1.00 


Paid. 


Jacob Moreland 


1.00 


Paid. 




1.00 
100 


Paid. 


Cyrus Keeler 


Paid. 


Amesy(Amasa)Wiltne 


i.op 




Theodore Marks 


1.00 


Paid. 


George Cutler 


1.00 


Paid. 


Jno. Stansberry, paid, 


1.00 


Paid. 


Charles Bennoist 


1.00 


Paid. 


W. H. White8ide,poIe 


1.00 


Paid. 


Wm. Hite, 


1.00 


Paid. 



Credit $177.61% 

By error in Barrett's 
tax 25 



-8177.36% 



(The following are in a different handwriting, but the 
payments noted are by the same hand as the foregoing.) 

A. J. Blackman 1.00 Paid. 

James ('avini)W 50 Paid. 

Frank BlefeWMoffatt) .50 Hobbs pays. 
Daniel Thornsburg... 1 00 

Franklin Culver 1..50 Paid SI .00. 

Samuel Kelly 1.20 Paid. 

Iria A. Blanchard 25 Paid ; L. J. 

Laurense Mulican.... 1.00 
Theophilus Croford... .50 Paid. 

Jacob Landis 1.00 Paid. 

Abner Eads 1.00 Paid. 

177.34 

$186.79 

6.00 



354 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 

Delaware County, Iowa Territory, ss.: Tn the name of the United States of America, 
Iowa Territory, to wit : 

Leroj- Jackson, Collector of Taxes for Delaware County: \ou are hereby commanded to 
collect the taxes charged in the foregoing abstract of assessment roll, by demamling payment 
of the persons charged therein, and sale of their goods and chattels, severally, or by sale of the 
tracts of land or lots mentioned in said abstract, according to exigency, and that you pay over 
all moneys collected by you by virtue of this precept, as directed thereby, monthly, and that 
you return this precept, together with the abstract of the aforegoing roll, and an account of 
vour acts thereon, to me on or before the 1st day of January next ensuing the date hereof. 
^ CHARLES W. HOBBS. 

Clerk to County Commissioners of Delaware County, loica Territory. 

Sept. 5, 1842. 

The closeness with Avliieh the tax of 1842 was collected is remarkable. 
Modern tax gatherers would be glad to see the example imitated in later days. 

At the general election in August, 1842, William H. Whiteside, Simeon 
Phillips and Missouri Dickson were elected Commissioners. 

In October, 1842, the carpenter work on the county building had not been 
done. Mr. Eads had not been able to find a carpenter who would do the work 
and take his i)ay in " county orders," which were almost worthless. Accord- 
ingly, when the Commissioners met on the 4th of October, at the house of JNIr. 
Pen'n, they appointed Simeon Phillips as " contractor for finishing the Court 
House, according to a bill of particulars furnished, the same not to exceed in 
cost sixty-five dollars, to be paid in county orders." John Hinkle was ap- 
pointed Supervisor for that part of the territorial road from Dubuque to Camp 
Atkinson, running through the Eads Precinct, according to the lines of said 
))recinct. 

The first saw-mill in the county was built by Oliver A. Olmstead, on the 
North Fork of the Maquoketa, where Rockville was afterward laid out, in the 
Summer and Fall of 1842. 

In the Spring of 1842, a new school house was built by the settlers at 
Colony* and vicinity, and in the Summer of that year, Miss Maria Phillips 
taught the first school in it for a term of three months. She had about fifteen 
scholars, received $1.25 per week, and "boarded around." During the next 
Winter, the first school at Eads' Grove, of which knowledge remains, was taught 
by William H. Reed, who died the following Spring of consumption. 

The population of Delaware County did not increase much in 1842, Very 
few settlers came in, and but a few of those who had settled here were able to 
enter their land. Job Benson settled in the southeast part of the county. 
Archibald Montgomery, who came in May with his family ; Lawrence McNa- 
mee and family, September ; John D. Klaus, August ; these settled near 
Moreland's. 

The Fall and Winter of 1842-3 was one of unusual severity. Snow fell 
early in November and remained until late in April, and the hardships and 
sufferings of the settlers during that terrible Winter are almost incredible. One 
or two incidents of that time will serve to illustrate the severity of the Winter 
and the sufferings of the settlers, as well as to give some idea of frontier customs 
at that time. 

i*^'«-^''" '^''"'"'' "'^^'''""''' "'"'''S <l>n< in tho Summer of 184.5, Mm. McCIi^land taught the Colony School, followed 
in the WiiiHt of IXlD-l l.y William Hall ; that during Hall's term the school house was Imrned, and that the next 
buniaier, Mrs. McClelland taught in James Cole's cabin. There appears to be a conflict of authority in relation to the 
flrst school houses of Colony, and, since the above was in type. Judge Bailey, then County Surveyor, has furnished the 
following from his minutes: "Sur\'eyed one acre of land for school house, described as follows : Commenced at red 
tree, ten inches diameter, south 4C west 13 chains from quarter section post in the center of Section 4; thence 
west 4 clLiins to mound ; thence south 2]4 chains to mound ; thence east 4 chains to mound ; thence north 2' .^ chains 
to the place of beginning, V. 10°. April 8, 1.S42." Mr. Bailey states that at that time the school house was .standing 
tbere.and he tliinks it must have been built a year previous, at least. In the light of this additional testimonv, the 
presumption IB th.it this was the first house referred to by Mr. Moreland ; but that he was in error as to the d\ite of 
miming, and that, perhaps, the house was simply finished in 1842, giving rise to the impression that it was built in 
that vear. = = i 



HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 355 

Soon after William Bennett had started the town of Democracy (now Quas- 
queton) and built his mill, it is related that a stranger, who gave the name of 
William Johnson, accompanied by a young woman whom he represented to be 
his daughter, located at the geographical center of Buchanan County. (Johnson 
claimed to have been the hero of the Canadian revolt, which took place in 1838, 
and was the occasion of considerable diplomatic correspondence, and came so near 
causing war between Great Britain and the United States.) This excited Ben- 
nett's jealousy, who feared that Johnson would thus secure the location of the 
seat of justice of the new county on his own claim. Meantime, Bennett had 
gathered a few congenial spirits about him, among them Evans, who Avas a com- 
panion of his on his first trip from Missouri northward, all of whom were under 
his influence. Bennett and his associates went over to Johnson's, loaded up his 
effects for him, then tied him to a tree and flogged him, the accounts differing as 
to its severity. Johnson went to Marion, where he lodged complaint against 
his persecutors, and the Sheriff" of Linn County rode up to Democracy to arrest 
Bennett. The latter awaited him at his cabin door, armed with his rifle and a 
pair of pistols. The Sheriff" modestly retired and went back to JNIarion for a 
posse. Bennett and his associates — Evans, Jeff"ers, Day, Walls and Warner — 
became convinced that they had better leave Democracy for awhile. 

Accordingly, just after dinner, one bitter cold day, they started for Eads 
Grove, Bennett with a horse and "jumper" (a sort of rude pung), and the 
others on foot. Bennett came through to Coffin's Grove that night, but 
the footmen, when they reached Buff"alo Creek, at nightfall, encamped there. 
The cold was so intense, however, that they were in danger of freezing if they 
remained, and they concluded to push on to Coffin's Grove, about nine miles, 
where they would find shelter. They started, but Warner soon became 
exhausted. His companions wrapped him in deer skins, dug a hole in the snow, 
laid him in it, and struggled on. Evans and Jeft'ers reached Mr. Coffin's about 
4 o'clock the next morning, some what frost-bitten. Mr. Coffin and Henry 
Baker, started out immediately, with a team, to find the others ; found Walls, 
wdio was but a boy, about a mile outside of the grove, badly frozen, and a little 
further on. Day also. Returning with them to the house, Mr. Coffin remained 
to care of them, and Mr. Baker started out again with the ox team, with two 
feather beds on the sled, to hunt up Warner. The cold was so intense that 
Baker became alarmed for his own safety, as he was freezing ; and being bewil- 
dered by the driving snow, ensconced himself between the feather beds, and 
the oxen came home. Upon his arrival without Warner, Bennet at once started 
with his "jumper," and fortunately found Warner, who was delirious, near 
where the party had left him, and brought him in to Mr. Coffins. He was 
not mucli frozen, but was so thoroughly chilled that he died about a year after- 
ward from the exposure of that awful night. Day Avas not frozen much, appar- 
ently, but he never rallied from the eff"ects of the cold upon his system, became de- 
lirious and died a few days afterward. Walls, as soon as he could be moved, was 
taken to Mr. Alexander Brown's, at Eads' Grove. The flesh decayed and fell off" 
his feet, and the bones of the ankle joints separated so that Mr. Brown severed 
the remaining tendons and amputated them. The flesh sloughed off" above the 
ankles and the naked bones were sawed off" by Mr. Brown, for there no was 
surgeon in Delaware County at that time. Walls became a public charge and 
was subsequently sent to his old home in Indiana. Bennett, very uneasy, and 
being convinced that the Linn County Sheriff" Avas still in pursuit, soon left 
Eads' Grove and started nortliAvard, toAvard an Indian camp on the Turkey. He 
took a companion part way, Avhom he sent back, and made his Avay alone to the 



356 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 

camp. When the Sheriff saw the divided trail, he sent part of his men back to 
Eads'', and foUowiny the nortliward track with the others. Arrived at the camp, 
he made Bennett's°ac(iuaintance, and was chatting cosily with bmi, when an 
ac(iuaintance of Bennett's politely introduced them. The fugitive instantly 
covered the officer with a pistol, who was again forced to retire from the pursuit. 
The same day, one of the Sheriff's men, mistaking a young squaw for Bennett, 
hastily shot at her, killing her instantly. Bennett was afterward arrested and 
tried in Dubuque before Judge Wilson' but there was not sufficient evidence 
atrainst him and he was ac([uitted. Johnson and his girl were much courted for 
a°t ime, but it leaking out that he was an impostor, and she a girl of uncertain 
virtue, they were quietly dropped as being undesirable acquaintances. The pair 
then returned to Southern Iowa. A young man named Peck eloped with the 
girl from Mahaska County, and Johnson being afterward fired at and killed, while 
sitting in the Avindow of a house. Peck was arrested for the murder, of which it 
is believed that he was entirely innocent. 

In the Fall of 1842, Mr. Lowrey, in charge of the Winnebago Mission 
School, in the northern part of Fayette County, advertised for proposals to 
furnish 15,000 pounds of pork. Joel Bailey and John Keeler had hogs enough 
to supply that amount, and Keeler went to the Mission to bid for the contract. 
He found several other competitors there, who had hogs which they were anx- 
ious to sell. Keeler put in a bid of |2.25 per hundred ; the others gave the 
same figures. Keeler reduced his bid to $2.00, and started for home, discour- 
aged. The first night, he stopped with Joseph Hewett, who lived about seven 
miles northwest of Strawberry Point, in the edge of Fayette County. Hewett, 
after hearing his story, told him that, unless he put in a still lower bid, he would 
lose the contract, and proposed that if he would make a bid at $1.75, he 
(Hewett) would carry it to the Mission himself. Keeler hardly knew what to 
do. That was a ruinously low figure ; but he and Bailey had the hogs, and 
hardly knew how they were to winter them, and he finally adopted Hewett's 
suggestion, sent in the bid and came home. 

About a week afterward, Mr. Babbitt, who lived on the Wapsipinicon, near 
Marion, came down to Bailey's place, with a notice from Lowrey that Keeler's 
bid had been accepted ; that they must file a bond and deliver the pork on 
Christmas Day. They hesitated about filling the contract, and while discussing 
it. Babbitt, who also had a lot of hogs he didn't know what to do with, offered 
to give them five dollars for their contract. They concluded that if he, living 
still further from the Mission, could afford to do that, they could afford to fill 
the contract themselves. 

Accordingly, on the 17th of December, Joel Bailey, John Keeler, James 
Kibbee, William R. Padelford and Lucius Vandever, with three ox teams 
(seven yokes) loaded with corn and supplies, with their drove of hogs, started 
for the Mission. The weather was cold and the snow " knee-deep ;" but, after 
a toilsome journey of eight days, camping every night save one, they reached 
the Mission on the 25th, and were joyfully welcomed by the Mission people, 
who had begun to fear that they might be forced to live Avithout meat during 
the Winter. Immediately after their arrival, preparations were made for 
slaughtering the hogs. This was done on the open prairie. The weather was 
bitter cold, and it was not an easy or comfortable task for five men to kill and 
dress twenty-five hogs a day. On the fifth day, the weather began to moderate, 
and about noon, having finished their work and settled with Mr. Lowrey, with 
barely provisions enough to last one day, the little party started on their return 
to Delaware, January 1, 1843, intending to camp on the banks of the Little 



HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 35T 

Turkey that night, and "make" Beatty's cabin, on the Volga, twenty miles, 
the next day. They encamped at Little Turkey Crossing, as designed. Dur- 
ing the night, a furious snow storm from the southeast commenced. The next 
morning, however, they commenced their journey ; but the storm was so severe 
and the snow became so deep that, about noon, they lost the track, became 
bewildered, and finally were forced to turn back, arriving at the camping ground 
they left in the morning about dark, cold, wet, weary and dispirited. 

The storm continued during the night with unabated fury, and the next 
morning it was still snowing as hard as ever, but our little band concluded 
that it could not last much longer, and, hoping to reach the Volga timber 
before night-fall, again broke camp and started. The snow was now from 
two and one-half to four feet deep. The men were forced to wallow ahead, to 
break a track for the oxen, and their progress was- slow and wearisome, espe- 
cially as both men and animals had been without food for nearly twenty-four 
hours. The weather was moderate, and their clothes were wet. About 10 
o'clock in the forenoon, the storm ceased, and the wind, shifting suddenly to the 
northwest, blew a heavy, biting, freezing gale, and the little party were forced 
to face the new danger of freezing to death. A little after noon, the Volga 
timber was discovered; but, when the sun went down, they were still miles 
away from it. As long as they could see the timber, they kept on, but at last 
it became so dark, that they could no longer see it, and there, on the open 
prairie, exposed to the full fury of the bitter January blast, with the air filled 
with fine snow, driven by the wind, without food, exhausted and freezing, the 
little party were compelled to stop. Their largest sled was about ten feet long. 
It had on it a box for holding corn, the length of the sled and two boards high. 
By shoveling the snow' off of a little spot beside it, as it sat well up to the top 
of the snow, the top of the sled box was about as high as their heads. By 
doing this, they were partially sheltered from the piercing wind, and had a hard 
surface on which to stamp their feet. They Avhittled up the box on another 
sled, and endeavored to make a fire, but every match they had was used with- 
out success ; their ammunition had become damp, their fingers were too much 
benumbed Avith cold to use the flint and steel — they could have no fire. It was 
a critical situation, without food, without fire, completely exhausted. It Avas 
a wonder that they were not discouraged. Death not only stared them in the 
face, but was feeling with icy fingers for their hearts. Their lives depended 
upon keeping awake and moving. To remain still was to sleep, and sleep was 
death. The poor fellows wrapped their blankets about their heads, and here 
they stood, huddled together, stamping, yelling and talking, keeping each other 
aw'ake. The fearful horrors of that terrible night, says Judge Bailey, from 
whose lips this narrative is taken, "are as vividly impressed upon my memory, 
as if they occurred but yesterday. We had to watch for each other's voices. 
If w'e failed to hear one, we hunted about, in the dark, until we found him lean- 
ing against the sled, and started him a-going again. It seemed as if the day 
would never dawn. It was the longest night I ever experienced." 

Daylight came, at last, and they resumed the wearisome way. About noon, 
they reached the Volga, and obtained some water. It was still three miles to. 
the cabin of Beatty and O'Rear. Would the exhausted party ever reach it? 
They would try. On they staggered, famishing and freezing, and hardly car- 
ing whether they lived or died. They struck a track about half a mile from 
the cabin, which gave them new courage, and, at last, about dark, badly frozen, 
famished and utterly exhausted, they reached Beatty's cabin. Here they found 
G. D. Dillon and Mr. F. Culver on their way to the Mission and the Fort 



358 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 

beyond, with two loads of butter, eggs and poultry, snow-bound; also a Mr. 
Johnson. Beatty and O'Rear at once provided for the wants of Bailey and his 
party- One of them, drawing upon Dillon's load, prepared supper, and the 
others procured tubs filled with cold Avater, into which the frozen feet and limbs 
of the sufferers were plunged. While they were thus drawing the frost from 
their frozen feet, a good warm supper was served them, and they broke their 
protracted fast of forty-eight hours. Bailey, Keeler and Vandever were so 
badly injured, that they were compelled to remain at the hospitable cabin of 
Beatty and O'Rear, which was near the spot where the Garden family were soon 
afterward murdered by the Indians. As soon as they were able to be moved, 
beds were arranged for them on the sleds, and they started for home, accom])anied 
by Johnson. Tiie great hearted Beatty accompanied them to Maj. Mumford's, 
near Brush Creek. It was only seven miles, but they were all day in making 
the journey, Beatty helping to break the track. The next day, they reached 
Joe Hewett's cabin, seven or eight miles farther, and on the evening of the 
third day, arrived at Eads' Grove. Here they found Bennett and Judg^ Cof- 
fin. Day, mentioned in the preceding sketch, had just died, and Mr. Coffin 
thought that as Bennett was the prime cause of all that trouble, he should bear, 
at least, a part of the expense. Bennett, however, was not inclined to help 
bear the burdens he had imposed. Mr. Bailey was unable to walk for three 
months after this aflfair. Both his feet ulcerated, and the flesh dropped ofl 
one of his toes, and the dead naked bone was cut off by Keeler with a "dog 
knife." Keeler was also laid up for several Aveeks. Vandever fared the 
worst. The flesh fell off all the toes on one of his feet, and three of the 
other, exposing the bones to their articulation with the bones of the feet. 
There was no surgeon nearer tJi an Dubuque; and his nurse, Lucius Kibbee, 
detached the naked bones of the toes, using an old bullet-mould for forceps. 
After this novel surgical operation was performed, the mutilated feet finally 
healed, but poor Vandever was a cripple for life. 

Some time in the next Winter, Leroy Jackson, who had sold some hogs at 
Camp Atkinson, went there on horseback for his pay. On the journey, his ears, 
face and hands were severely frost-bitten. With much difficulty, he managed to 
reach a cabin occupied by two men (probably Beatty and O'Bear, mentioned 
■above), who, at once, ministered to his needs, treating the frozen parts with 
roasted turnips and onions, until he was able to return. When he reached 
home, it is said that his features were so much swollen and discolored, that Mrs. 
Jackson did not recognize him. 

During this severe Winter, many persons were lost and frozen to death on 
these then almost trackless prairies. One might as well be in mid-ocean in a 
storm, without compass or rudder, as to be out of sight of timber on these prai- 
ries in one of those fearful winter storms. All through the month of March, 
1843, says Judge Bailey, the cold was as intense as it had been durino- the 
entire \\ inter, and on the 1st day of April, the snow was so deep that the 
liigliest fences were covered, and teams drive over them on the frozen surface. 
<Jn tins day, Henry Baker started from Coffin's Grove to visit Joel Bailey, and 
see how he was getting along. The snow was so deep, and the surface frozen 
so liard, that he had no difficulty in making his way. 

Tu '\^ ^^'e meeting of the Board of County Commissioners, in January, 1843, 
Iheodore Marks, the County Treasurer, was ordered to obtain an account 
book. 

The Treasurer's book of 1843 contain the following entries of moneys 
received : -^ 



HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 359 

January 4th, G. D. Dillon, Justice of the Peace, fined Jonas Gallahan for 
breach of the peace on Lucius Kibbee, $5,00. 

January 12th, James Rutherford, Constable, fine (of) Horace Malery for 
breach of the peace, by Wm. Montgomery, Justice of the Peace, $5.00. 

January 25th, William Montgomery, Justice of the Peace, fined Missouri 
Dickson for breach of the peace on Ezra Hubbard, $5.00. 

July 20th, license to David Bierer to trade one year, (warrants), $25.00, 

January 12, 1843, by act of the Legislature, Robert W. Green, Joel Bailey 
and 0, A. Olmstead were appointed Commissioners to " locate and mark a Ter- 
ritorial road, commencing at Bennett's Mill, in Buchanan County (Democracy, 
since Quasqueton), by the county seat of Delaware County (Delhi), to intersect 
the road from Marion, Linn County to Dubuque, at or near Olmstead's Mill," 
on the North Fork of the Maquoketa, where Rockville was afterward founded. 

At the time this act was passed, Mr. Bailey was suffering from the effects of 
his exposure on the prairie near the Mission, and the Commissioners did not 
proceed to their duties until December, 1843, Avhen they proceeded to Quas- 
queton and located and marked the road from that point to Olmstead's. The 
snow was several inches deep, and the party were three days on the way. Re- 
turns Avere made to the Legislature, which, by act approved February 12, 1844, 
declared it a Territorial road. Soon afterward, in the Spring or early Summer 
of 1845, a mail route was established on this road from Dubuque to Quasqueton 
and Independence, and it was, until the railroad was built, the mainly traveled 
road from the Mississippi River to the western settlements. It is proper to add 
that the present road across the county, from Bailey's Ford to Rockville, is 
substantially as it was located by the Commissioners in 1843.* 

By a joint resolution of the Territorial Assembly, approved February 13, 
1843, Col, Thomas Cox was authorized to employ C, M. Doolittle, of Jackson 
County, to furnish a full set of seals for Delaware County, 

By act approved February 13, 1843, the county of Delaware was attached 
to Dubuque County for judicial pui'poses, 

April 4, 1843, the Commissioners met at the house of Simeon Phillips. 
Buchanan County was evidently attached to Delaware for election purposes at 
this time, and was an election precinct, for at this meeting Rufus B. Clark, Dr, 
Brewer and Stephen Sanford were appointed Judges of- Election for Buchanan 
Precinct for 1843, and the house of James Sanford was designated as the voting 
place. At the same meeting, John Hinkle, Supervisor of the Territorial road 
at Eads Precinct, was removed, and Daniel Brown appointed in his stead. 

On the same day, the Commissioners ordered that Lewis Walls, a pauper 
then in Eads Precinct, be notified to leave the county. This was the same 
Walls who had lost both of his feet from being frozen during the previous Win- 
ter, as stated in preceding pages. 

July 3d, the Board met at the house of Simeon Phillips, and received a 
petition for a county road from Delhi to the Colony. The road had been 
"staked out" by the settlers in 1842, and a bridge built by them across Plum 
Creek, but they now wanted it made a county road. The Commissioners 

Ordered, That the petition for a road from Delhi to the colony be and the same is hereby 
granted, and that Missouri Dickson, John Keeler and Chas. W. Hobbs be and they are hereby 
ajipointed Viewers to locate the same. 

The Viewers made a report of their survey, having employed Joel Bailey as 
Surveyor, and, January 1, 1844, the Commissioners accepted their report and 
ordered the road as surveyed " to be recorded as a public county road," 

* Judge Thomas S. Wilson, in a note dated Dubuque, May 13, 1S78, says: " The County Surveyor informs me that 
the road to Delhi was laid out in Dubuque County in the rear 1845." 



360 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 

Lewis Walls, the pauper who had been ordered to leave the county, was not in 
condition to he moved, and the Commissioners at this July meeting ordered that 
William Eads be i^aid eighteen dollars for keeping him three months, and that 
Eads be employetl to board said pauper twelve weeks longer, and to purchase 
for him two cotton shirts and two pairs of cotton drilling pantaloons. 

In 184:ii, David Bierer opened the first store in the county, at the Colony, 
where Colesburg now stands. Bierer was from Rockford, 111., and soon after 
he came, it is "said that some members of the " Prairie Banditti," that then 
infested the country on both sides of the Mississippi, followed and robbed him. 
Araonf^ the gang were Charles Oliver, John F. Baker and William McDole; 
the latter was Bierer's brother-in-law. For several years, about this time, 
the settlers lost their best horses, which were stolen by the members of this 
band, whose headquarters were established in Illinois. For a time, the 
settlers attributed their losses to the Indians, and frequent messages were sent 
to Camp Atkinson, asking that they be removed from the Turkey timber. Wil- 
son, who was shot, about 1852, near the southeastern corner of the county, was 
undoubtedly one of the band. Broadie, whose name was as fiimiliar as the Dris- 
colls in Northern Illinois, stole a horse from a preacher, who followed him to 
Missouri and recovered his property. Carter had a horse stolen, but recovered 
the animal. 

In 1843, Mr. Levcrett Rexford returned to his claim, near Bailey's, and 
with him came his son-in-law, John Lillibridge, and his family, who still reside 
on the old place. 

There are no records of elections in Delaware until 1848, and it is not pos- 
sible to determine all who were elected from year to year until that time. At the 
election in August, 1843, it seems that Whiteside, Phillips and Dickson were 
re-elected Commissioners, C. W. Hobbs, Recorder, and Leroy Jackson, Sheriff. 

Tax Paiiers of ISJ^. — The assessment roll of September 1, 1843, is com- 
plete, and furnishes a list of 112 tax payers in Delaware County, and 12 in 
Buchanan County. The tax of Delaware was $198.35, and of Buchanan, $18.13. 
JJdaioare County. — John Hinkle, Robt. Hutson, Wm. Eads, Thos. G. Eads, 
Jas. Montgomery, Leonard Wiltse, Jas. Cole, Wellington Wiltse, Lawrence McNa- 
mee, Horace R. Perce, Ezra Hubbard, David Moreland, S. L. Montgomery, D. L. 
Sheets, David Bierer, Frederick Bierer, Drake Nelson, Aratus A. Blackman, 
John W. ]*enn, John McMann, Jacob Landis, John Melugin, James Rutherford, 
Missouri Dickson, Lucius Kibbee, Jr., HaAvley Lowe, Gilbert D. Dillon, William 
Nicholson, John Corbin, Samuel Pennock, Simeon Phillips, Fayette Phillips, 
Leroy Jackson, Joseph Ogleby, Eleazer Frentress (non-resident), James Craw- 
ford, Theodore Marks, Orlean Blanchard, William Lawther, William Hoag, 
William liurnham, ,Iohn Burnham, S. P. Whittaker, Joseph Rutherford, Joel 
Bailey, John Keeler, William Padelford, John Padelford, Clement Coffin, 
Henry Baker, Charles Ausburn (Osborn), Horace Tubbs, Charles W. Hobbs, 
E. Scroggins, R. H. Thornburg, Samuel Kelly, James H. Eads, John A. Bell, 
James Belcher, Oliver P. Anderson, Daniel Brown, Alexander Brown, Daniel 
Noble, Arenso Mulican (Mulliken), Leonard Wiltse, Amasa Wiltse, Fipps 
(Phipps) Wiltse, Edward Wiltse, Allen Fargo, Silas Gilmore, Jacob Moreland, 
Amos Williams, Robert Torrence, John Henderson, John Flinn, Moses Dean, 
Abraham Whiteside, John Bradley, John M. Holmes, Franklin Culver, Pris- 
cilla Culver, Oliver A. Olmstead, William H. Post, Josiali Fugate, Drury R. 
Dance, John Cutler, George Cutler, Hugh Rose, Arthur Laughlin, Henry A. 
Carter, John Lovejoy, Hugh Livingston, Argus Madison, James Livingston, R. 
Kameron, James Cavinau, Roland Aubrey, Jeiferson Lowe, Leverett Padelford, 



HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 361 

Hiram Minkley, Henry W. Hoskins, Elizabeth A. Carter, Christian Miller, J. 
E. Plolmes, John Stansberry, Adin Paolelford, Augustus Button, William H. 
Whiteside. 

"■ Buckhannan" [Buchanan) County. — John Cordell, Allen Me Vain, 
Joseph A. Runnels, David Stiles, William Wilford, Rufus B. Clark, William 
Bennett, Hugh Warren, Ezra G. Allen, James Cober, Stephen Sanford, M. 
McVain. 

October 2, the Commissioners ordered that James Miller, a pauper, be noti- 
fied to leave the county at once. 

Jacob Landis, Sr,, built and operated a saw-mill on a branch of the Little 
Turkey, about two and a half miles southeast of Moreland's, in 1843. 

Charles W. Hobbs commenced building a cabin near the southwest corner of 
the plat of Delhi, but not on it, in the Fall of 1843 ; but did not complete and 
occupy it until the next Spring. 

January 1, 1844, the County Commissioners met, at the house of Simeon 
Phillips, and 

Ordered, That the returns made of the survey of the Colony road from Delhi be and the 
same is hereby accepted, and ordered to be recorded as a public county road. 

The Court House was not yet finished, and was the only building on the plat 
of Delhi. Previous orders had not been accomplished, and January 2d the 
Board passed an order authorizing William H. Whiteside to "contract for the 
finishing of the Court House." 

Chapter 87 of the Territorial Laws of 1844, approved February 8, 1844, 
provided that "the county of Delaware be and the same is hereby organized; 
and the inhabitants of said county are entitled to all the rights and privileges to 
which, by law, the inhabitants of other organized counties in the Territory are 
entitled ; and said county shall be a part of the Third Judicial District, and the 
District Court shall be held at Delhi, the county seat of said county, on the first 
Monday after the fourth Monday in September, in each year." By this act, 
Buchanan and Black Hawk Counties were attached to Delaware. 

Soon after the passage of this act, Charles W. Hobbs was appointed Clerk, 
■pro tern, of the United States District Court for the County of Delaware, by 
Judge T. S. W^ilson. 

The Dubuque, Clayton, Delaware and Jackson Mutual Fire Insurance Com- 
pany was incorporated February 5, 1844 — John Garamell, E. G. Potter, Ansel 
Briggs, Patrick Maloney, Thomas Wright, R. B. Wykoif, James McCabe, 
Thomas McCraney, James Langworthy, William Myers, Lyman Dillon, J. M. 
Emerson, Caleb H. Booth, Robert Waller and David Moreland, corporators. 

February 13, 1844, the Legislature appointed William H. Whiteside, Joel 
Bailey and Lucius Kibbee to locate a road from Delhi to Cascade, Dubuque 
County. 

April 1, 1844, Commissioners met at the house of Simeon Phillips, and pro- 
vided for election precincts, as follows : 

Ordered, That the election precinct formerly known as the " Corbin Precinct" (formerly 
Schwartz), be and the same is hereby divided into two election precincts, one of which shall be 
called the Delhi Precinct, and the other the North Fork Precinct. 

Ordered, That the North Fork Precinct shall be bounded on the north by the road leading 
from Dubuque to Camp Atkinson, commencing at the county line between Dubuque and Dela- 
ware, running west until it intersects the Colony road, from Delhi ; thence south, to Plumb 
Creek ; thence down Plumb Creek until its junction with the South Fork ; thence down South 
Fork' to Jones County line; thence east, along the corner of Delaware County.; thence north, 
along the county line between Delaware and Dubuque, to the place of beginning. 

Ordered, That the Colony Precinct be bounded as follows: Commencing where the Colony 
road from Delhi crosses the Camp Atkinson road, running east, along the Camp Atkinson road, 



3g2 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 

fn the Dubuoue County line ; north, on the Dubuque line, to the northeast corner of Delaware ; 
thenJe weralong tL^ounty line, to Elk Creek; thence south, up Elk Creek, to the place of 

^^^^^TinlfreJ That the Eatls Precinct be bounded as follows : Commencing where the Colony 
road "leadine from Delhi, crosses the Camp Atkinson road ; thence north, down Elk Creek, to 
Delaware County line ; thence west, to the northwest corner of the county ; thence south, along 
the county line "to the township line between 88 and 89 ; thence east, to Plumb Creek ; thence 
up Plumb Creek, to the Colony road ; thence north, along the Colony road, to the place of begin- 

ning. 

Ordered That the Delhi Precinct shall be bounded as follows : Commencing on the town- 
Bhin line between 88 and 8'J on Plumb Creek ; thence south down Plumb Creek to its junction 
with the South Fork ; thence down the South Fork to the southern boundary of Delaware Coun- 
ty • thence we«t along said line to the southwest corner of Delaware County ; thence north along 
said line between Delaware and Buchanan to the township line dividing 88 and 89 north ; thence 
east to the place of beginning. 

Judi'-es of Election and voting })laces were appointed as follows : North 
Fork Precinct, Abraham Whiteside, Henry A. Carter and Henry Hoskins, 
Judges ; voting place, house of G. D. Dillon. Colony Precinct, William 
Montgomerv, Missoviri Dickson and Ezra Hubbard, Judges; voting place, 
house°of David Moreland. Eads Precinct, William Eads, Daniel Brown and 
Robert B. Hutson, Judges ; voting place, house of William Eads. Delhi Pre- 
cinct, Clement Coffin, John Keeler and William Burnham, Judges ; voting 
place, the Court House. Horace R. Pearce was appointed Constable for Colony 
Precinct, and William Eads for Eads Precinct. 

April 2, Precinct Assessors were appointed as follows : Silas Gilmore, 
Colony ; Lorenzo Mulliken, Eads' Grove ; John Corbin, Delhi ; Henry A. 
Carter, North Fork. 

At this session, the following order was passed, relating to the Territorial road 
located by Green, Bailey and Olmstead, viz. : 

Ordered, That the returns made by the Commissioners and Surveyor to locate a Territorial 
road from AVapsepinacon or Bennett's Mill to the east line of Delaware County, near 0. A. Olm- 
stead's mill, be accepted by the Board, and the same shall be considered and deemed as a 
recorded public highway. 

The first Post Office in Delaware County was established at Delhi, March 
14th, 1844. Mr. Hobbs, having been appointed Clerk of the United States 
Territorial Court, was not eligible for Post Master. His wife, Mrs. Mary 
E. A. Hobbs, was appointed Post Mistress, and Joel Bailey and Henry 
Baker became her bondsmen. William Smith, or " Uncle Billy," as he was 
familiarly called by the settlers, the same who located the county seat near Eads* 
Grove, was the first mail carrier, and carried the mail once a week between 
Dubuque and Delhi, sometimes on horseback, sometimes on foot. The next 
vear, the route was continued to Quasqueton, Buchanan County, where a Post 
Office was established. The office was kept at Penn's Grove, until Mr. Hobbs 
removed to his cabin at Delhi. 

July 2, 1844, the County Commissioners met for the first time in the Court 
House. The floors were laid, but the roof was not yet put on. The Legisla- 
ture had appointed a term of the U. S. District Court to be held at Delhi in 
Sei)tember following. The completion of the building could not be delayed 
much longer, and William H. Whiteside was authorized and directed to "have 
the Court House finished on the best terms he could get." It was ordered also 
that " the bounty on wolves for 1844 be equal with and the same as other 
counties, and as established by law." 

At the election in August, 1844, the following officers are supposed to have 
been elected, viz.: Henry A. Carter, Lawrence McNamee and Simeon Phillips, 
Commissioners; Charles W. Hobbs, Recorder; John W. Penn, Sheriff; Drury 



HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. SGS 

R. Dance, Treasurer. Roland Aubrey became Deputy Sheriff, and so re- 
mained as long as Penn held the office of Sheriff. 
August 31, the following order was passed : 

Ordered, That the road, as returned by 0. A. Olmstead and Leroy Jackson as a Territorial 
road, commencing at the Linn County line and running to 0. A. Olmstead's mill, according to 
a plat and return of said road as filed, be and the same is hereby i-ecorded as a public road. 

Delaware had now reached an important epoch in her history. As previ- 
ously shown, the county had been made a part of the Third Judicial District, 
and, for the first time, a Judicial Court was held, as appears from the following 
extract from the first page of the court record : 

Territory of Iowa, County of Delaware, ss. 

This being the day fixed by law, to wit, 30th of September, 1844, for the session of the 
District Court of the United States for said county, the court met. Present, Hon. Thomas S. 
Wilson, one of the Judges of the Supreme Court and presiding Judge of the Third Judicial 
District ; AVilliam E. Leffingwell, United States Marshal ; John W. Penn, Sheriff, and Charles 
W. Hobbs, Clerk pro tern. 

By order of the court, the Sheriff returned into court the venire for a Grand Jury, issued 
in behalf of said county, the following persons summoned and in attendance, viz. : Gilbert D. 
Dillon, Henry Baker, John Stansberry, Samuel Dickson, Oliver P. Anderson. Edward Flinn, John 
Bradley, Daniel Noble, John Keeler, Fayette Phillips, Allen Wilson, Hiram Minkley, Adin 
Padelford, David Moreland, Daniel G. Beck, Morris M. Reed, Joel Bailey, Drake Nelson, Ezra 
Hubbard and Liberty W. Coale 

The Jurors were sworn, and the Judge appointed David Moreland, Foreman. 

It was ordered that Charles W. Hobbs be appointed Clerk of the court. 

The first case that appears of record was that of Missouri Dickson vs. Ezra 
Hubbard. This was an appeal from the decision of Daniel Brown, Justice of 
the Peace, and was continued until the next term. But- one other case was 
entered at this term, that of Bierer vs. Wiltse, which was also continued. 

The upper story of the Court House was designed for a jury room, but the 
only means of reaching it was by a ladder, and, as there was only a single floor 
of boards, it was quite too public for the private deliberations of a jury. 
Accordingly, after the Grand Jury had been duly charged by " his Honor," 
Judge Wilson, the members were conducted by U. S. Marshal Leffingwell to a 
little grove thirty or forty rods southwest of the court house. Here, seated on 
a fallen tree, with the Foreman occupying the chair — a stump — the first Grand 
Jury of Delaware County held its first session ; and it is proper to remark that, 
until the new Court House was built, in 1853, the juries generally deliberated in 
that or some other clump of timber near the log court cabin, the officer in 
charge remaining at a respectful distance to prevent any intrusion on their 
privacy. There were no cases presented to the Grand Jury, and they soon 
returned to the house, so reported, and were discharged. There was no petit 
jury called, and the court atljourned on the evening of the 30tli, having been in 
session but a single day. 

The name of James Crawford appears of record as an attorney at this time, 
and he was, probably, the only lawyer present. 

At this time, says Judge Wilson, " The log Court House was the only build- 
ing in Delhi. Mr. Hobbs, the Clerk, had a little cabin in which he was living, 
west of the Court House. The road had not been opened to Delhi from Rock- 
ville, and I was obliged to go by way of the military road and up to Hopkinton, 
where I stayed over night with Mr. Jackson. The next day I went to Delhi 
and held court, and took my dinner out of Mr. Moreland's wagon." 

In 1844, W^illiam Bennett returned again to Eads' Grove and built a small 
flouring or grist-mill, the first in the county, on Honey Creek, near his original 
location, Clement Coffin doing the work. It was a substantial frame, but was 



364 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 

a primitive affair. At first, it had no "bolt," but was furnished with a sort of 
sifter or seive, which they called a "searcher," but it manufactured good corn 
and unbolted wheat meal. Bennett soon afterward sold the mill to Hinkle, and 
removed, never to return. 

October 7, the County Commissioners passed an order to pay Thomas Denson 
thirtv-six dollars," out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated," 
for services in locating the old county seat in 1840. 

The efforts of the Commissioner to obtain money with which to enter the 
quarter section on which the county seat was located in 1841 had thus far 
proved unavailing. The arrangement contemplated with Mr. Sanford by the 
order of April 5, 1842, does not appear to have been consummated, and 
although the town of Delhi had been platted, no lots could be sold, and the town 
existed only on paper. It became necessary that efforts to raise the money 
should be renewed, and on the 8th of October, 1844, the Commissioners passed 
the following order : 

Ordered, That Ileiiry A. Carter be and he is hereby authorized and empowered to borrow 
money to enter the county seat or one eighty, if he cannot get more, and he is authorized to pay 
■Jo per cent, for the loan of the same. 

On the same day, an order was passed directing the payment of sixteen dol- 
lars to John W. Penn for summoning the grand and petit juries for the District 
Court, September term, 1844. Buchanan County being a province of Delaware, 
the following order appears of record at this date : 

Ordered, That tlie returns of the survey of the Territorial roads running from the Cedar Rapids 
in Linn County to the Wapsipinicon Rapids in Buchanan County, as it runs through Buchanan 
County, be and the same is hereby accepted and recorded as a public road as per report. 

The first Methodist camp meeting in Delaware County, of which record 
remains, was held at the Colony during 1844, but only the general fact remains, 
the details are lost. 

The county marriage register was commenced in 1844, and the first marriage 
in this year is recorded as follows : 

Territory of Iowa, Delaware County, ss. 

I, G. D. Dillon, one of the Justices of the Peace for said county, do hereby certify that on 
the 24th day of April, 1844, I did join in marriage, .Joel Bailey and Miss Arabella Coffin, agree- 
ably to a license issued from the District Court of Delaware County. The said Joel Bailey aged 
about 30 years, and said Arabella Coffin, of the same place, aged about 18 years. 

Given under my hand, this 25th day of June, 1844. G. D. Dillon, J. P. 

The bride was the daughter of Clement Coffin, the first settler in what is now 
Coffin's Grove Township. The second marriage in this year, but the first to be 
recorded, was that of Oilman Newton, of Jones County, and Eliza Wright, Octo- 
ber 28, by John Stanberry, J. P., and November 24, Thomas D. Hall and Ex- 
perience F. Warren were joined in wedlock by J. W. Griffith, Justice. 

" The first school," writes John Piatt, Esq., of Colesburg, " established 
111 what in early times was known as the Dickson settlement, was taught by 
Abby Hall in 1844, in a small log smoke house, on her brother Thomas' farm. 
The same year, the fiirmers built a hewed log school house on the farm of 
John Piatt, Sr. A select school was taught in the new house the following sea- 
son — 1845 — by John Humphrey. Both were select or private schools. Public 
schools were unknown then in this section. The first Justices of the Peace 
elected in this (Colony) township were Lawrence McNamee and John Piatt, Sr., 
in 1844." William Montgomery was elected Justice of the Peace at the second 
election in Colony precinct, in August, 1842. 

In the Winter of 1844-5, Hugh and James Livingston made a trip to Cas- 
cade to mill. The brothers separated on their way home in the night, and the 




DELH 



HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 367 

next day James was found dead and frozen. His breast was bare and it was 
supposed that he died of heart disease. 

January 5, 1845, the Commissioners met at tlie house of C. W. Hobbs. 
There was no fire-place in the Court Cabin, and it was cold weather. At this 
meeting, it was 

Ordered, That Joel Bailey shall proceed, with David Moreland, Missouri Dickson and Wel- 
lington Wiltse, to survey a public road, as viewed by them according to an order passed .July 5, 
1842, running from the Dubuque road, near Mr. Floid's, to the White Oak Grove, from thence to 
pass the school house and intersect the road running from Prairie du Chien to the county line of 
Delaware, and that said Commissioners make due return of the same. 

In February, 1845, probably about the 22d, Mr. Drury R. Dance, the County 
Treasurer, who lived in the timber, about midway between Delhi and the Liv- 
ingston settlements, went out into the woods to see to his hogs. The Winter 
was mild and open ; there was but little snoAv on the ground, and the hogs sub- 
sisted largely upon " mast " (acorns). He did not return home that night, and 
the next morning his wife, becoming anxious, fearing that some accident had 
befallen him, alarmed the neighboring settlers, Avho turned out in search of him, 
and he was found dead, having been shot, some distance from his house. His 
body was first discovered guarded by his faithful dog, it is said, by Jefi'erson 
Lowe, who was immediately charged with the murder, arrested and taken 
before Leverett Rexford, Justice of the Peace, near Bailey's Ford, on the 24th, 
for preliminary examination. Justice Rexford committed him to await trial for 
murder, but, as there was no jail in Delaware, the prisoner was lodged in the 
jail at Dubuque. 

March 8, 1845, the Board of Commissioners met at the house of Charles 
W. Hobbs, and appointed Joel Bailey, County Treasurer, to fill the vacancy 
caused by the death of D. R. Dance. On the same day, "John W. Penn, 
County Sherifi", was authorized and empowered to borrow money for the use of 
the county, to defray the expense of boarding Jefi'erson Lowe, now confined in 
Dubuque County Jail." 

The second term of court was a special term, commencing April 1, 1845, 
Judge Wilson presiding. The Grand Jury was as follows : Leroy Jackson, 
Foreman ; James Eads, Robert B. Hutson, William H. Martin, Lucius Kibbee, 
Jr., Phipps Wiltse, Malcom McBane, Lawrence McNamee, Missouri Dickson, 
Robert (ramble, Daniel Brown, Moses Dean, William Phillips, Silas Gilmore, 
James Cavanaugh, Henry W. Hoskins, John Hinkle. 

FIRST CIVIL CASE. 

The case of Missouri Dickson vs. Ezra Hubbard, continued from first term, 
was tried by the first petit jury impaneled in Delaware County, consisting of 
John Flinn, 0. A. Olmstead, John Padelford, Eli Wood, Orlean Blanchard, S. 
V. Thompson, Levi Billings, Jacob Dubois, James Collier, Samuel P. Whitaker, 
John Corbin and John Clark. 

The case as tried before Brown, Justice of the Peace, appears to have been 
a suit commenced by Hubbard, to recover pay for building a chimriey. Hub- 
bard was employed by Dickson to build a cabin, and in erecting the chimney 
did not follow the design as agreed upon. Upon occupying the premises, Dick- 
son discovered that the chimney "drew " the wrong way — that it " smoked." 
He informed Hubbard, ^ho tinkered it, but still it "smoked." Hubbard 
wanted his pay, but Dickson declined to liquidate, whereupon Hubbard brought 
suit before Brown and recovered judgment, from which Missouri appealed. The 
appeal was tried before the jury above named. Hubbard appeared by Timotliv 



368 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 

Davis, Attorney. Dickson was without an attorney, but, on the suggestion of 
Mr. Hobbs, retained Gen. Wilson. 

Davis made a long speech, in which he instructed the jury fully in the method 
of buildino- chimneys and the various remedies to be employed in cases of defect- 
ive construction. Gen. Wilson's speech was not more than fifteen minutes, and 
was devoted mainly to the essence of the contract ; he urged that if Hubbard 
had built a faulty chimney, and that if he could not set it drawing right, he had 
not fullv performed his part of the bargain, which was to build a reliable chim- 
nev for Dickson. The case was given to the jury, who, in a short time returned 
with a verdict of $5.33 for plaintiff. This was the first jury trial and first ver- 
dict in the Delaware County courts. 

FIRST CRIMINAL TRIAL. 

April 2, the Grand Jury returned a true bill of indictment, United States 
v8. Jefferson Lowe, for the murder of Drury R. Dance. On the 3d, a jury, 
consisting of John Flinn, James Collier, John Cordell, Leonard Wiltse, Sr., 
James Montgomery, S. Y. Thompson, Levi Billings, Jacob Dubois, S. P. Whit- 
aker, Wellington Wiltse, Orlean Blanchard and S. A. Hardin, was impaneled. 

Lowe was put upon his trial ; Gen. James Wilson was his attorney. James 
Crawford, Public Prosecutor, and Timothy Davis conducted the prosecution. 
The defense is said to have been that Lowe's sister, a girl of about fourteen, who 
was keeping house for him and his brother, had informed her brother that Dance 
had seduced her, and that if Lowe had killed him it was justifiable homicide. 
Public opinion wos strongly in Lowe's favor. After the hearing, the jury 
brought in a verdict of not guilty, and he was generally congratulated on his 
acquittal. 

Public opinion, however, changed somewhat when, after the trial, Lowe con- 
fessed to Mr. Carter, Mr. Jackson and others, that armed with his rifle and 
concealed behind a tree, he laid in wait for Mr. Dance, and, as he approached 
with his arms full of little pigs, unconscious of danger, shot and mortally wounded 
him. Lowe stepped up and spoke to him, Avhen the dying man said, " For 
God's sake, take me to the house; don't leave me here to die alone." But 
Jeff, unheeding his piteous appeal, left him to die where he fell. 

This was the first indictment and trial for murder or any other crime in the 
courts of Delaware County. 

FIRST DIVORCE CASE. 

At this term the first petition for divorce was filed and tried. This was the 
case of Eliza Corbin vs. John Corbin. Timothy Davis appeared for plaintiff 
and Gen. Wilson for defendant. Divorce decreed, with fifty dollars alimony, 
one dollar per week for support, and custody of minor children, John W. and 
Esther Eliza Corbin, to plaintiff. It is proper to add that the parties to this 
suit amicably arranged their difficulties, and were re-married April 4, 1846. 
The other cases entered at this term Avere Dickson vs. Brown and Moreland vs. 
Slack. The court adjourned April 4, 184<5. 

The attorneys in attendance at this term, so far as can be ascertained, were 
James Crawford, James Wilson, Timothy Davis and William Hamilton. The 
members of the Delaware Bar were not numerous for several years. Among 
those whose names appear at subsequent term were A. K. Eaton, probably the 
first lawyer to settle at Delhi, in 1846; Zina A. Wellman, George Wattson and 
John V. Wattson. John V. Wattson died at Dyersville about 1873. 



HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 369 

April 7, the Board of County Commissioners met at the Court House. The 
report of the Commissioners, appointed January 5, to locate a road from the 
Dubuque road, near Mr. Floid's, to White Oak Grove, etc., was accepted and 
ordered to be recorded as a public highway. Joel Bailey, having declined to 
accept the office of Treasurer, the order of March 8 was rescinded and Oliver 
A. Olmstead appointed County Treasurer. Not long after this, it is said that 
Mr. Olmstead removed to Oregon Territory, where he was living when gold was 
discovered in California, whither he went at once and soon acquired a fortune. 

At the April session, the following orders were passed : 

Ordered, That the west line of the North Fork Precinct shall cross the South Fork of the 
Maquoketa at the mouth of Plumb Creek, to intersect the mouth of Buck Creek, and run from 
thence a west course up Buck Creek to the Delaware County line. 

Ordered, That the election for the North Fork Precinct shall hereafter be held at the house 
of Lucius Kibbee, instead of at G. D. Dillon's. 

Ordered, That the north line of the Delhi Precinct shall commence at stake corner to Sec- 
tions 18 and 19, in Township 89 north and Range 6 west, thence east through the center of said 
township to Plumb Creek. 

May 23, 0. A. Olmstead, the Treasurer, was instructed to proceed, by law, 
to collect a fine of five dollars each from G. D. Dillon, North Fork ; Amos 
Williams, Colony, and Daniel Thornburg, Eads' Grove, for neglecting to qualify 
as Precinct Assessors. 

An order was passed, directing the payment of $80 to Simeon Phillips for 
work done on the Court House. 

July 7, Clement Coffin, Henry Baker and Aaron Sullivan were appointed 
to view and mark a road "from Joel Bailey's to Baker & Coffin's Grove, thence 
westerly to intersect the Territorial road from Buchanan to Delhi," and Joel 
Bailey was appointed Surveyor to "survey the above road." 

A petition was received for a public road from "Eads' Grove to Hail's Mill, 
to be run on the nearest and best route to the house of James Montgomery, 
thence on the open line between James Montgomery's fiirm and McMuUen's ; 
east en Bailey's line, north of the new burying ground, thence on the nearest 
and best route to the county line, near Hail's Mills." Daniel Brown, Archibald 
Montgomery and Samuel Dickson were appointed to view the route, at the 
expense of the petitioners. 

Jefi"erson Lowe, whose trial for the murder of Dance has been mentioned, 
soon afterward had a quarrel with one Gaines, originating in whisky. Gaines 
shot at Lowe with a rifle, injuring his little finger and grazing his hip. Lowe 
made complaint before the Grand Jury, which failed to find a bill aoainst 
Gaines. Shooting at each other Avith rifles was an innocent pastime amono- 
some of the settlers in those days. 

At the August election that year, as appears from subsequent records, 
Henry A. Carter, Lawrence McNamee and Henry Baker were elected Commis- 
sioners ; Charles W. Hobbs, Recorder ; John W. Penn, Sheriff", and Joel Bailey, 
Treasurer. 

The assessment roll made in September, 1845, shows a greater increase of 
tax than of tax payers. The county tax assessed was $743.79; Territorial 
tax, $33.79. There were 46 tax payers in North Fork Precinct, 26 in Delhi, 
51 in Colony, 26 in Eads — aggregating 179 in Delaware, and there were 21 in 
Buchanan. 

Self Protection. — Early in the history of these pioneer settlements, 
before the lands were in the market, but after they had been surveyed, the set- 
tlers organized a Claim Society, for the purpose of protecting their rights and 
preventing claim "jumping." It is now impossible to determine the date of the 



•jyO HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 




time, and ot very . , ,, , t 5 t> -i u ^1 .^1 

about 1850. "While it existed, remarks Judge Bailey, "the settlers were 
perfectlv secure and a just claim was as good as a deed to the occupant." In 
illu^trat'ion of the mission of this society, it is related that, in 1845, a black- 
smith, named James Cavanaugh, living near Dillon's, becoming offended with 
Mr. H. A. Carter, entered forty acres of fine timber on Carter's claim. As 
soon asthe feet became known, the settlers were notified to assemble at Dillon's, 
to persuade Cavanaugh to relinquish the land to Carter and receive his money 
back. They met in respectable numbers and started for Cavanaugh's shop. The 
plucky blacksmith saw them coming, armed himself with a pistol, stepped to 
tlie door and coolly informed the society that if they advanced any farther some- 
body would be likely to die. They stopped and parleyed with him, but he 
refused to comply with their wishes and refused the offer of $100, if he would 
vacate his entry or transfer it to Carter. The members were then secretly 
notified to meet on the disputed land on a certain day, prepared for duty. On 
the day appointed, nearly every member reported with team and wagon, axe 
and rifle. The lines of the doomed " forty" were " blazed " with tolerable accu- 
racy, pickets, armed with rifles, were stationed all around the lot, to prevent 
any person from approaching, and the work of destruction commenced. Every 
tree, suitable for timber or rails, was felled and hauled away, and every tree 
that was left standing was girdled. The job was thoroughly performed. At 
noon a sumptuous dinner was prepared by the families of Mr. Carter and Mr. 
Jackson, assisted by the wives of the settlers who had accompanied them. Sub- 
se(iuently, one of the members of the society (Jefferson Lowe, it is said) 
traitorously divulged the names of those who were engaged in the transaction 
to Cavanaiigh, who prosecuted the parties for destroying his timber. He took a 
change of venue to Clayton County and finally obtained judgment for |100, 
double the cost of the land and the least the jury could award him. 

During 1845, there were some accessions to the population of Delaware. 
The Turners, father and son, were the first to settle in Township 90 north. 
Range 6 west (Richland). The son's name was William. They settled on the 
East bank of the Ma([uoketa, where Forestville now stands, and where they 
afterward built a mill. 

John H. Duthman located in Township 89, Range 3 (Bremen), where he 
died soon after, his estate being the first to be admitted to probate in this 
county. 

George Pease, with his family, consisting of his wife and two sons and two 
daughters, came to the county in June and entered a quarter section of land 
near Delhi, but lived near Bailey's Ford. In August, Mrs. Pease sickened and 
died. She was buried close beside the road about half a mile east of Bailey's 
Ford, where now (1878) her solitary grave is surrounded by a fence, but no 
stone registers the name of the peaceful sleeper beneath the evergreens. Soon 
after his wife's death, Mr. Pease became discouraged and returned to " York 
State." 

About this time, William Van Order became the first settler on Township 
89, Range 4 (Oneida), but his precise location cannot now be determined. His 

brother-in-laAv, Wilson, lived with him. Wilson was a desperate character 

and, it is supposed, was a member of the gang of prairie banditti, that were 
then the terror of the people of Illinois and Iowa. He was a small man and 
was sick with consumption, but possessed great energy and endurance. At 



HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 371 

one time, it is said that he was sick several weeks at Mr. Sullivan's, at Coffin's 
Grove. When he recovered, to express his gratitude for the care he had re- 
ceived, he stole Mrs. Sullivan's stockings and various other articles from his 
benefactor. Subsequently, Van Order removed SouthAvest and settled near the 
Buffalo, and Wilson was shot by a party of settlers from whom he had stolen 
some horses, and was buried where he fell, it is said in Adams Township, east of 
the Buffalo. 

At the September term of the District Court, at Delhi, in 18-45, Esau 
Franks was indicted for selling liquor to the Indians, and was arrested and 
arraigned for the offense, but asked for a change of venue to Dubuque County, 
Avhich was granted. Franks had his trial and was acquitted. One witness 
testified that he had drank some whisky at Frank's, and saw the defendant 
furnish the Indians with something, but could not identify it as "something" 
coming from the same bottle out of which he had drank. It is said that the 
Indians were somewhat troublesome for several years about this time, and if Franks 
was guilty, as alleged, he should have been severely punished. The Garden family 
had been murdered, near Avhere Fayette, Fayette County, now stands. Several 
families had been killed or driven from their claims in Clayton County, and it 
is said that some cattle were killed in the northern part of Delaware. It is also 
said that the people of that part of the county organized at Ead's Grove, under 
Capt. Shipton and Lieut. Preston, pursued the Indians, and badly punished 
them near the northwest corner of the county. But this statement is not well 
authenticated. The Indians, however, were still numerous. Mr. Jackson states 
that when he first came to the county, in 1886-7, 400 Indians were encamped 
near where he afterAvard settled. 

The marriages in 1815 were as follows: Thomas C. Linton an<l Hester 
Almira Phillips; Nathan Springer and Mary Cupp; Alexander Burnham and 
Phebe Sutton ; David S. Way and Emily Ann Kibbee ; Sylvester D. Hadden 
and Elizabeth Jewell (married in the bushes, says the Justice, who states that 
the parties Avere from Buchanan); Thomas Bay and Priscilla Culver. It may 
be Avell to add that the first marriage in Buchanan County, recorded in Dela- 
ware, Avas that of Vincent Thompson and Alvira J. Hadden, united by Rev. 
John L. Seymour, a Congregational minister from Clayton County. 

The toAvn of Rockville, embracing 46.32 acres, situated on the Avest bank of 
the North Fork of the Maquoketa, in the center of Section 24, Township 88 
north. Range 3 west, was laid out in 1845, by Oliver A. Olmstead, proprietor ; 
survey and plat made by William Chadwell ; recorded February 14, 1846. 

More than four years had now (1846) elapsed since the county seat Avas 
located by a vote of the people. The repeated efforts of the Commissioners to 
raise the money required for the purchase of the land ($200) had failed. Mr. 
Carter had made an effort to borroAV money or sell county warrants for the pur- 
pose, but Avas unsuccessful. Not a toAvn lot could be sold until the county 
could ac({uire title, and not a building stood upon the toAvn plat, except the log 
Court Cabin. When Mr. Carter made his report to the Commissioners, it became 
evident that Delaware County was unable to raise $200 Avith Avhich to enter its 
county seat. The situation was becoming somcAvhat humiliating, and Lawrence 
McNamee, one of the Commissioners, offered to advance $100 to the county if 
any other person could be found who would adA^ance the other $100 required to 
make the entry ; and on the 6th day of January, 1846, the County Commis- 
sioners passed the following : 

Ordered, That Lawrence McNamee be authorized to enter the county seat of Delhi, at twenty 
per cent, interest. 



372 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 

Afterward, Leroy Jackson consented to advance the other $100, which Mr. 
Carter carried to the Colony and handed to Mr. McNamee, who added another 
$100. went to Dubuque, and on the 5th day of March, 1846, entered the east 
half of the quarter section in his own, and the west half in the name of Leroy 
Jackson. McNamee conveyed the east half to the county of Delaware by war- 
rantv deed, dated April 8, 1846. Jackson conveyed the west half October 2, 
1840. The town plat was recorded March 11, 1846, and the Commissioners 
were ready to dispose of lots. It is to be added that, several years afterward, 
countv orders were sold at fifty cents on the dollar, to raise money to pay the 
loans made by McNamee and Jackson. 

March 17, 1846, in session at the house of C. W. Hobbs, the County Com- 
missioners ordered as follows: 

Ordered, That the Clerk of this Board be and he is hereby directed to advertise in the 
Miners' Rrprex.s for ;i sale of lots in the town of Delhi, to take place at the Court House door on 
the first Monday of May next. 

Ordered, That Charles W. Hobbs be and he is hereby authorized as an agent to sell lots at 
private sale in the town of Delhi, and he is limited not to sell any lot for a less price than five 
dollars. 

April 13, Joel Bailey was appointed surveyor to " lay off the out-lots in the 
town of Delhi into two-acre lots;" and Gilbert D. Dillon was appointed 
auctioneer, for the sale of town lots, appointed for the first Monday in May. 
A bounty was offered for wolf scalps, of 50c and $1. On the same day, the 
Commissioners adopted measures for keeping highways in order, and appointed 
Samuel P. Whittaker, Wm. Nicholson, Roland Aubrey, Joel Bailey, Missouri 
Dickson, Silas Gilmore and Wm. Eads to be Road Supervisors for their several 
neighborhoods. 

There are no records to show the result of the sale of lots in Delhi in May, 
but early in the Spring of 1846, Levi Ellis built the first log cabin on the plat 
of Delhi, northeast from Hobbs, on the bank of the ravine. John W. Clark soon 
followed, building a cabin near the Big Spring. This was the only hotel in 
Delhi until about 1851, and in a sort of lean-to erected on one side of his cabin, 
Clark opened the first store a year or two later. Arial K. Eaton built a cabin 
on the southwest corner of the town, near Hobbs', and Mr. Phillips built 
another above Clark's. These cabins constituted the Town of Delhi for several 
years. 

Ill June, 1846, a post office was established at Rockville, and Oliver A. 
Olmstead appointed Postmaster. In August following, a post office was estab- 
lished at Colony, David Moreland, Postmaster. These were the first to be 
established after Delhi. 

At the August election, Henry A. Carter, Henry Baker and Samuel Mul- 
liken were elected Commissioners; John W. Penn, Sheriff; Joel Bailey, Treas- 
urer ;• C. VV. Hobbs, Recorder; and at the October session of the County Com- 
missioners, John W. Clark appears as Clerk ; October 6, A. K. Eaton was 
appointed as agent " to select two town lots in Delhi for a school house site, 
upon the condition that he is not to select any lot on the public square or the 
lot on which the Court House stands; " and the Commissioners pledged them- 
selves to make a deed of such lots to any legally constituted authority for school 
purposes. 

At tlie same meeting, the following order was passed: 

" Ordend, Tliat the Treasurer pay over all money to H. A. Carter in the treasury, to be applied 
in the payment of Leroy .Jackson for the county seat, and that the said Carter take a deed for 
tlic foiintv.'' 



HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 373 

Seven marriages were recorded in 1846. February 10, John W. Penn, 
SheriiF, who arrested Jeflf. Lowe for the murder of Dance, and Mrs. Pamelia 
Dance, the murdered mans widow, were joined in marriage, at the residence 
of the bride, by Justice Rexford, the magistrate by whom Lowe was committed. 
Then followed James Barnes and Margaret Hutson, Andrew C. Gallahan and 
Sarah Ann Lee, Lucius Kibbee and Letty Baucher, Asa Lowe and Amelia 
Henderson, George W. Walker and Mary Jane Dillon, and Samuel P. Whit- 
taker and Cynthia Main. In recording these marriages, Mr. Hobbs used 
" State " instead of " Territory " of Iowa. 

In the Winter of 1846-7, Hugh Livingston, accompanied by one of his 
nephews, went to Cascade with teams. They returned in the night, young 
Livingston and his team being ahead. When they reached the forks of the road, 
where they separated, the young man looked back and saw his uncle's team 
take the proper road, and he drove on home. When Hugh's team arrived at 
his home, he was not with it. His fimily becoming alarmed, fearing that he had 
been overcome with cold, started out in search of him, and found him by the 
road side quite dead, although his body was still warm in the region of the 
heart. Livingston had been wont to say that this climate was too warm for 
him. He had endured, Avithout flinching, the rigorous winters in the Highlands 
of Scotland and in British America, to be frozen to death in the mild climate 
of Iowa which he disdained. 

At a special session of the Board of County Commissioners, March 24, 
1847, the first division of the county into townships, under State law, was made, 
and elections ordered as follows : 

Ordered, That the counties of Delaware and Buchanan be divided into townships as follows, 
to wit : That the boundaries of the several precincts, as at present laid oif in said counties, be 
and thej are hereby organized into townships. That the territory of Delhi Precinct be named 
Delhi Township ; that the territory of Eads' Grove be named Eads' Grove Township ; that the 
territory of North Fork be named North Fork Township ; that the territory of Colony Prerinct 
be named Colony Township ; that the territory of Buchanan County be named Buchanan Town- 
ship. Also, that the usual places of holding elections in the said several precincts be hereby 
appointed the respective places of holding the first meetings of the electors for their several 
townships. 

Ordered, That the Clerks of Commissioners be required to issue election notices for elections 
to be held on the first Monday in April, and that the necessary township officers required by law 
now in force be elected. 

April 14, 1847, the Board passed the following order : 

Ordered, That G. D. Dillon be allowed the sum of $4 for his services as auctioneer in selling 
township lots in the town of Delhi, being in full for all services as such up to this date. 

The town lots at Delhi did not meet with very rapid sale, and the effort to 
dispose of some of them at auction was renewed, by the following : 

Ordered, That there shall be a sale of lots of Delhi on the first day of the first session of the 
District Court, and A. K. Eaton be appointed Auctioneer. 

The first General Assembly of Iowa directed the division of counties into 
Commissioner Districts, and the Delaware Commissioners were prompt to obey, 
as appears by the following : 

Ordered, That Delaware County be divided into County Commissioner Districts, which dis- 
tricts shall be numbered First, Second and Third, as follows, to wit : Towns 87 and 88, in Ranges 
3 ana 4, shall constitute the First District ; Towns 89 and 90, in Ranges 3 and 4, shall constitute 
the Second District, and Towns 87, 88, 89 and 90, in Ranges 5 and 6, shall constitute the Third 
District, agreeably to an act of the General Assembly of the State of Iowa, approved February 
22, 1847. 

Upon admission of Iowa as a State, by act of the First General Assembly, 
approved February 17, 1847, Delaware County was made a part of the Second 



374 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 

Judicial District, in which James Grant, of Scott County, was elected Judge, 
April 5, 1847. 

The first term of the State court in Delaware County was held by Judge. 
Grant, June 7, 1847. The first Grand Jury — Leverett Rexford, Foreman ; 
Missouri Dickson, Robert Torrence, Thomas D. Hall, Jacob Landis, John J. 
Barrett, James H. Eads, Bryant Johnson, Silas Gilmore, Lawrence McNamee, 
John McMahon, Leroy Jackson and Thomas Norris. 

The first recorded act of this court was the naturalization of John D. Claus, 
a native of Germany. 

There are no records of elections from 1842 until 1847 in existence, and» 
now only the poll lists of Eads' Grove and Colony Precincts, at the election, 
April 5, can be found among the old papers in the Sheriff's office at Delhi. At 
Colony, James Cole was elected Inspector of Township Schools. Murtle Cole 
was elected Township Clerk over James Cole, the vote being 32 to 19. L. 
McNamee, John Piatt and Wellington Wiltse were elected Trustees. The vote 
on the license question was — yes, 17 ; no, 28. 

At Eads' Grove, 26 votes were cast, and the following returns were made : 

For District .Judge, Tlatt Smith 4 

•' " " James Grant 16 

For Prosecuting Attorney, Lewis A. Thomas 15 

C. T. Peet 2 

Forjudge of Probate, Clement Coffin 18 

In July, the Board levied a tax of one-half mill on the dollar for school 
purposes. This did not produce a very large sum, but it indicated that the fathers 
of the county were mindful of the children, if they could not do much for them. 

At the election in August, it appears that Henry A. Carter, Henry Baker 
and Samuel Mulliken were re-elected Commissioners ; Charles W. Hobbs, Re- 
corder ; John W. Penn, Sherifi"; A. K. Eaton, Judge of Probate, and William 
Phillips, Treasurer. 

Until 1847, the office of Judge of Probate of Delaware was purely orna- 
mental. If any probate business was transacted, no record remains. The first 
Judge was Roland Aubrey, who was elected Aug. 2, 1841, for a term of three 
years. The next Judge was Clement Coffin, who was elected in August, 1844, 
and served three years. The first probate business recorded was done in Sep- 
tember, 1847, A. K. Eaton, Judge. The first case recorded was the petition of 
Samuel Mulliken, for the appointment of an administrator of the estate of 
Lorenzo L. Mulliken, deceased. The prayer of the petitioner was granted ; Sam- 
uel Mulliken was appointed Administrator, and Albert G. Noble, C. T. Peet 
and Joshua Beels, Appraisers of the estate. The next was the appointment of 
Caroline Duthman and Henry Hohenkamp Administrators of the estate of Her- 
man Duthraan ; A. J. Scroggy, F. Rohenkokle and Bernard Satmire, Apprais- 
ers. During Eaton's administration of probate affairs, until 1850, only about 
a dozen estates were admitted to probate. 

October 4, 1847, tlie Commissioners ordered "that Lawrence McNamee be 
paid $22.36, for one year's interest on money loaned to enter eighty acres of 
county seat." 

In 1847, there were two schools in Colony Township. In District No. 1, 
thirty-six pupils attended school, and in No. 2, forty-one. Delhi Township 
had two districts, one had twenty and the other ten scholars. Roxana Brown 
taught a school in the Court House at Delhi. 

The amount of taxes collected in 1847 was $628.10. In 1848, this amount 
increased to $1,027.45. 



HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 375 

The marriages of 1847 were recorded as follows : Isaac Hensley and Sarah 
Ann Shipton, John S. Brown and Nancy Harron, Thomas Walters and Nancy 
Eldred, Jonathan V. Todd and Mary Todd, William Hankins and Martha 
Jane Lee, and James H. Robinson and Julia Wood. 

-Up to this date, ihe county records show the names of but two ministers of 
the Gospel— Rev. J. W. Griffith, in North Fork, late in 1846, and Rev. B. D. 
Springer, in the Summer of 1847 — but it must be remembered that the records 
of Delaware County, for ten years after its organization, are very meager, and 
until 1847, there are none, except the Commissioners' records. It must not be 
concluded, therefore, that the above were the first ministers of the county. Rev. 
Barney White was at the Colony in 1842, and Rev. Newell W. Bixby settled 
at Yankee settlement in 1846. 

About 1847, Mr. Leverett Rexford commenced building a dam and saw-mill 
on Spring Branch, about half a mile below the " Deep Hole," just above which 
the present road from Manchester to Bailey's Ford crosses that stream. He had 
nearly completed the dam, had the frame cut and nearly ready to raise, had 
purchased the mill irons and had the water wheel and running gear nearly done, 
when he died, in the Fall of 1848. After his death, John W. Clark purchased 
the frame and machinery, removed it to the Maquoketa, about two miles south- 
west of Delhi (at Hartwick), where he built a dam and erected the mill in the 
Spring of 1849. 

William Turner built a saw-mill on the Maquoketa in Section 90, Township 
6, during 1847. James Cole and Jared Hubbard built a mill on Elk Creek in 
the same year. 

In 1847, occurred the death of Collins, who was mortally injured 

by Button in an affray in Colony Township, either at a dance or raising. The 
trouble began between Collins and Button's brother-in-law. Button ran out and 
seized a wagon-bolt, with which he struck Collins, who died soon after. Button 
was tried and convicted of manslaughter. Lett, who was his guard, took him 
to the Colony to bid his family good-bye, but he made his escape by raising a 
puncheon in the floor of his cabin, which allowed him to crawl into the big 
world outside. 

January 12, 1848, a post office, called "Yankee Settlement," was estab- 
lished near the northeast corner of Township 90, Range 5, and Bohan Noble 
appointed Postmaster. It was called "Yankee Settlement" from the fact that 
the settlers in that vicinity were from the East. The office was a private one, 
and was supplied from Colony. In May, 1848, Joseph S. Belknap, a native 
of Vermont, made the first claim in that part of the present site of the village 
of Edgewood, or "Yankee Settlement," as it was called until the completion 
of the D. & St. P, Railroad, that lies in Delaware County. John Gibson 
had made a claim on the other side of the county line a year or two 
previous. 

The records of the County Commissioners during this year are meager and 
unimportant. April 18, Charles W. Hobbs was authorized and empowered to 
borrow $100 for the use of the county, to pay Leroy Jackson for entering 
eighty acres of the county seat, at a rate of interest not to exceed twenty per 
cent. 

Town lots at the county seat were not selling very rapidly, and Mr. Hobbs, 
in the exercise of sound judgment, had evidently been selling some of them at 
less than the regular price, to induce their occupation, and thus build up the 
town. But the County Commissioners determined to stop that ruinous busi- 
ness. They were bound that the county should realize handsomely from the 



376 HISTORY OF DELAWARE CIOUNTY 

sale of these lots, and, unless they could be sold at a fair price, they should not 
be sold. They therefore 

Orderfi, That Charles W. Ilobbs is hereby directed not to sell any lot on the town plat for 
less than §5 '(five dollars) in cash, or §10 in county orders. 

In July, the Commissioners met in the school house at Delhi. 

In August, an election was held, and Mulliken and Carter were re-elected 
Commissioners, and Daniel H. Thornburg in place of Baker. 

August 10, the town of "Cole's Burgh" was surveyed and platted by James 
Cole. Surveyor, on the northeast quarter and part of the northwest quarter of 
Section 4, Township 90 north, Range 3 west (Colony), Lawrence McNamee and 
Hiram Cole proprietors. In 1850, the Northern Addition to " Colesburgh " 
^as made by Mr. McNamee, and the Western Addition in 1854. 

The matrimonial record of 1848 is as follows : Richard Swearingen and 
Catherine M. Smith ; Thomas W. Frentress and Martha Brazelton ; Elisha 
Brady and Angeline Smith ; William Turner and Rachael Lee ; Theodore 
Marks and Elizabeth Pace ; Thomas P. Lane and Matilda Flinn ; Francis Far- 
rell and Vina Collins, and James Anderson and Lucinda L. Barrett. 

L. L. Ayers, Esq., in his "Early Times in Delaware County," says: 
" We cannot say positively, but believe that Mr. Swearingen was a Methodist 
minister at this time. He was Presiding Elder of the Marshalltown Confer- 
ence, in 1871, and had a State reputation as an eloquent preacher and able 
man. Coming from Diiluth into St. Paul, in June, 1871, reaching his hotel a little 
before midnight, having eaten little or nothing since breakfast, the Elder ordered 
supper in a pretty sharp tone, adding : ' We're wickedly hungry, for we have 
had nothing but a little browse since breakfast.' His hunger, and with it his 
crossness, disappeared after a ravenous supper." 

Rev. G. E. Bowman and Rev. John L. Kelley were attending to the spirit- 
ual welfare of the Delaware people in 1848. 

Philip Hogan built a flouring-mill at Rockville, near Dillon's, in 1848. 

The Judge of Probate had three cases in 1848. Henry A. Carter was 
appointed administrator of the estate of James Doak, March 20 ; Thomas 
Bay was appointed guardian of two of the children, and G. H. Browder of the 
other four ; personal property appraised at $640.80. In April, the will of 
Thomas Kirk was admitted to probate. His property was inventoried at 
^174.-30. October 19, the will of Leverett Rexford was admitted, John Lilli- 
bridge, executor. The estate of the deceased was appraised at $371.55 ; two 
cows were valued at $10 and $11 respectively, and a mare was considered 
worth $60. 

The Justices of the Peace for the county from first settlement to 1848, so 
far as can be ascertained from the records, were Gilbert D. Dillon, North Fork ; 
Daniel Brown, Eads' Grove ; Lawrence McNamee, Colony ; Leverett Rexford, 
Delhi ; J. W. Griffith (also a minister), North Fork ; John Piatt, Colony ; 
John S. BroAvn (also a minister), Nortli Fork ; James E. Anderson, Morris M. 
Reed, Eads' Grove; A. J. Scroggy, Colony; L. C. Woodford, J. A. Reynolds, 
Buchanan ; William Montgomery, Colony. 

Three schools were maintained in Colony Townshij) in 1848, supported by 
subscription. There Avere also three schools in Delhi. North Fork was divided 
into five school districts, and schools opened there. There were two districts 
in Eads' Grove in which schools were tauglit, supported also by voluntary sub- 
scriptions. The names of the teachers are now forgotten. 



HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 377 

At the election held April 3, 1848, there were but four civil townships in 
the county, viz. : Delhi, Eads' Grove, North Fork and Colony. The following 
abstract is the only remaining record of that election : 

Thos. H. Bentou, Superintendent Instruction, had 92 votes. 

James Harlan, " " " 12-4 " 

.Tolin Benson, School Fund Commissioner, " 112 " 

Samuel P. Whitaker, School Fund Commissioner, had 90 " 

Simeon Ellis, Coroner, had 104 " 

H. A. Lett, " " 77 " 

Wm. Phillips, Sealer Weights and Measures, had 89 " 

Simeon Phillips, " " " " " 98 " 

At this election, Coffin, Baker, Sullivan and Minkler voted at Delhi. At 
the general election, August 7, the vote of the county for Representative to Con- 
gress was as follows : 

Shepherd Leffler (Democrat) 109 

Timothy Davis (Whig) 122 

There is no record of the Presidential election, but from the above it would 
appear that the political parties were very nearly evenly balanced in Delaware 
at that time. 

Among some ancient papers which were filed away in the Sheriff's office is a 
tabular statement of the liabilities of the county for the year ending Decem- 
ber 31, 1848, showing : 

For outstanding balance against the county $261 82 

For amount of orders passed 598 99 

Total $860 31 

Contra Cr. 

By county tax placed in the hands of Collector $577 27 

By orders received for sale of town lots in Delhi 60 82 

$638 09 

Balance against county $222 22 

The aforegoing is a correct statement of the liabilities of the county, for the year ending 
the 31st of December, 1848, showing an outstanding balance against the county of $222.22. 
There was also placed in the hands of the Collector, for 1848, for State tax, $275.87 ; school tax, 
$111.85. 

H. A. CARTER, ■) ^ .... 

Attest, DANIEL H. THORNBURG, / ^<"''"'^««'<'"«'^«- 

CHARLES W. HOBBS, 

Clerk of Commissioners. 
Delhi, .January 1, 1849. 

Among the orders drawn was one for a "bear, sold for use of county, 
$7.50," and the amount paid out for wolf scalps, $17.30. 

It seems a little remarkable, in view of the above statement, that then, and 
for years afterward, county orders were sold for fifty cents on the dollar. 

In 1848, Isaac Barton was arrested for stealing a horse from Hugh Rose, 
which was taken to Wisconsin, but was identified and returned. Barton was 
taken to Dubuque, but soon escaped. 

January 2, 1849, North Fork Township was divided, and South Fork 
'f ownship created. 

July 2, by order of the Commissioners, the name of Eads' Grove Township 
was changed to Coldwater, as follows : 

Ordered, That the Coldwater Township be divided as follows : Commencing at the north- 
east boundary of Coldwater Township, running three miles south ; bounded by Elk on the east ; 
thence west, so as to include part of Range 5 west of Fifth Principal Meridian ; thence north, 
to the county line ; thence east, to the place of beginning ; and that said township shall be named 
"Avon." 



378 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 

Ordered, That on the 15th day of July, inst., the electors of the newly laid off township of 
Avon shall hold an election, at the house of Daniel B. Noble, in said township, for the purpose 
of electing township officers for said township, and to organize the same. 

The impression is that the people never recognized the name of Avon, and 
in 18 ")1, the poll books were returned from York. 

The tax levy of 1849 was : State, ten and a half mills ; county, four mills ; 
school, one mill. 

Revs. John S. Brown, Newell W. Bixby and John Plank ministered to the 
religious wants of the community. 

1849 was a good year for matrimonial speculations, and there was a goodly 
list of marriages, as follows : Israel Scroggy and Martha Bragg ; Jacob G. 
Nicholson and Martha Hutson ; James Young and Mary Ann Smith ; James 
Rutherford and Catherine Bragg ; John H. Seeley and Annie Livingston ; 
Andrew L. Ginger and Elizabeth Martin ; B. F. Dighton and Catherine J. Rits ; 
Richard Barrett and Laura S. McFall ; B. F. McVey and Minerva J. Bassen- 
ger ; Bentley Shipton and Sarah Hutson ; Bradford Crozier and Henrietta M. 
Pierce ; H. H. Klaus and Katherine M. Kimple ; Howard A. Smith and Eliz- 
abeth H. Wells ; William Carpenter and Hannah R. Martin. 

The estates of Alexander Burnham, Timothy Joselin and Orlean Blanchard 
were admitted to probate. Blanchard's property was valued at $1,434.51, hogs 
being appraised at $1.00 each. 

Frederick B. Doolittle and William Price visited the county, and entered 
land near Delhi. "At that time," says Judge Doolittle, " there were only 
four or five log cabins in, the town of Delhi. There was a log house near the 
'Big Spring,' which was the tavern kept by John W. Clark. In a frame 
'lean-to,' on one side of the tavern, Clark kept a little store." 

Tlie raising of the first frame barns in the county, built by Clement Coffin 
and Henry Baker, at Coffin's Grove, on the 4th of July, 1849, Avas a notable 
event. People gathered from all parts of the county — from Delhi, Plum Creek, 
Colony, South Fork, etc. Baker's barn frame was raised in the forenoon, and 
the settlers dined at his house. In the afternoon. Coffin's barn frame was 
raised, and supper was served at his house. Thus the anniversary of our 
national independence was celebrated and made useful by the settlers of Dela- 
ware in 1849. Among those who Avere present was Roland Aubrey, all the 
way from North Fork. When they were at work at Coffin's barn, Aubrey 
would carry rafters alone, doing the work of two men. Coffin noticed this, and 
said to two men who were carrying a rafter by him, "Look at that other man 
carrying his stick alone I I wouldn't give a cent for a man who couldn't handle 
a ton of basswood by himself." 

The number of scholars in Delaware, in 1849, was 515 ; and the several 
townships received school money as follows: Colony, |48. 03 ; Eads' Grove, 
$25.44 ; North Fork, $37.77 ; Delhi, $22.74. 

At the general election, August 6, 1849, the vote for State Treasurer was 
returned as follows : 

GILLASPIE. STEWART. 

Delhi 34 29 

Coldwater 14 16 

York 3 

Colony 38 47 

North Fork 13 13 

South Fork 11 28 

Total 110 136 



HISTORY OF DELTWARE COUNTY. 379 

The first threshing machine brought into the county was owned and operated 
bv Daniel B. Noble, who then lived near Yankee Settlement, in 1849. 

The population of the county in 1840, was only 168, in 1850, it had in- 
creased to 1,759. 

Twelve marriages were recorded during this year, among them, that of John 
Bliss and Mary Martin. 

October 8, 1850. A. K. Eaton resigned as Judge of Probate and Zina A. 
Wellman was appointed to fill the vacancy. Eaton had been elected a Repre- 
sentative to the Legislature. 

The Grand Jurv of 1850 was composed of Samuel Kelly, James Phillips, 
D. H. Brown, 0. Cronk, T. Marks, A. Buggies, W. H. Martin, D. Mason, 
Silas Gilmore, S. R. Reynolds, Jacob Lamer, D. Crown, S. Ellis, J. A. 
Ginger, A. A. Wilson and William Turner. 



THE NEW COURT HOUSE AND JAIL. 

The necessity for a jail and new Court House was now pressing upon the 
people of Delaware, but how to build them was a serious question for the con- 
sideration of the Commissioners. The county had no money ; its credit was 
not then good as it since became ; county bonds could not be negotiated and 
county orders were hawked about, a drug on the market, at fifty per cent, dis- 
count. Delhi town lots, the only available real estate owned by the county, 
were worth only five dollars apiece. The first official records of the action of 
the Commissioners in relation to the matter begin April 9, 1850, when the 
Board resolved to advertise in the Dubuque Tribune for " proposals to build 
a Court House." Judge Doolittle states that when he and Mr. Price returned 
to Delhi, in the Spring of 1850, there was "nothing doing," and they 
induced the Commissioners to give them the contract for getting out the timber 
for a new Court House, at five cents per running foot. It is probable that the 
Commissioners determined upon the size and general plan of the building at 
this time, and decided to provide for a jail in the basement of the building. 
Judge Doolittle states that neither himself nor Mr. Price had ever hewed a stick 
of timber in their lives, but having obtained the contract, they concluded that if 
others could hew timber, they could, obtained some axes, borrowed a broad- axe, 
and in the Summer of 1850, among the mosquitoes, sand flies and rattlesnakes, 
hcAved the timber required to erect the contemplated building. 

October 8, the Board " ordered that William Price be paid forty-four 
dollars and forty -five cents for jail timber furnished." " Ordered that F. B. 
Doolittle be paid three dollars and twenty-one cents for jail timber furnislied." 
Judge Doolittle states that he took his pay mostly in Delhi town lots, at five 
dollars apiece. "These," says the Judge, "were legal tender to any one who 
would take them, at that time, at that price." The county had nothing else to 
pay Avith. It seems to be fortunate for the county, and particularly for Delhi, 
that Mr. Doolittle came about that time. His indomitable energy and deter- 
mination appears to have given the county seat a start, and for several years 
it increased rapidly, but at this time, those log cabins, built in 1846-7, were 
yet the only buildings there. Clark had sold his store, or rather the few goods 
in it, to Thomas C. Helm, but was still " keeping tavern" in his log house by 
the "Big Spring." 

In 1850, several of the adventurous spirits who had been among the first to 
settle in Delaware County, became infected with the gold fever and organized 



380 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 

a party to cross the plains to California. Among them were Joel Bailey, Lewis 
Crozier, Elder Blanchard, William Robinson, Wm. H. Whiteside, William 
Phillips, Roland Aubrey, Missouri Dickson and others. Dickson died in Cal- 
ifornia. Bailey and Aubrey returned the next year. 

NEW TOWNSHIPS. 

January 6, 1851, the County Commissioners created several new town- 
ships by the following, orders, viz. : 

Ordered, That Cold Water Township, in Delaware County, be divided and a new township set 
off, with the following boundaries, viz. : 

Beginning at the southeast corner of Section 18, in Township 89 north, and Range 5 west, 
thence west to the southwest corner of Section 18, in Township 89 north, and Range 6 west, 
thence north to the northwest corner of Section 6, Township 90 north, and Range 6 west, thence 
east to the northeast corner of Section 0, in Township 90 north, and Range 5 west, and thence 
south to the place of beginning, and that said township be known by the name of Richland 
Township. Voting place, the house of Stephen R. Reynolds. 

Ordered, That a new Township be set off in Delaware County, with the following boundaries, 
to wit : commencing at the southeast corner of Section 36, in Township 89 north, Range 5 west, 
thence west to the southwest corner of Section ?A, Township 89 north of Range 6 west, thence 
north to the northwest corner of Section 7, Township 89 north of Range 6 west, thence east to 
the northeast corner of Section 12, Township 89 north of Range 5 west, thence south to the 
place of beginning; and that said township, be known by the name of Delaware Township. 
The place of holding elections in said township shall be at Delaware Center (near where Quaker 
Mills now stand). It is further ordered that all that part of Richland Township, as heretofore 
described in the preceding order, and all parts of any other township in said county included 
within the bounds of Delaware Township, as herein described, shall hereafter be included in said 
Delaware Township. 

April 13. Ordered, That Sections 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12, in Township 89, north of Range 5 
west of the 5th Principal Meridian, which by a late order of this Court defining the boundary 
of Delaware Township formed a part of said township, be and the same are herebyattached to the 
Township of Coldwater, and shall hereafter form a part of said Township of Coldwater for all 
purposes. 

Ordered, That South Fork Township, in Delaware County, be divided, and a new township 
set off consisting of all that part of said township, as the boundar.es have heretofore been 
established, lying on the southwest side of the Maquoketa River, said township to be known by 
the name of Buck Creek Township. The first election in said township shall be held at the 
school house near Aaron Blanchard's. 

July 2S, Ordered, That the southern boundary line of Colony Township be changed as 
follows: Commencing at a point on the Dubuque & Fort Atkinson Road where saiu road crosses 
the line running north and south through the center of Township 90 north of Range o west of 
the Fifth Principal Meridian ; thence south to the southeast corner of Section 16, Township 89, 
Range 3: thence west to the southeast of Section 16, Township 89, Range 4 ; thence north till it 
strikes the said Dubuque & Fort Atkinson Road ; and all lands lying on the north side of 
this line shall hereafter form a part of the said Colony Township. 

THE COURT HOUSE. 

It would seem that some progress was made in the construction of the Court 
House in 1850, for, on the 7th of January, 1851, claims arising from con- 
struction account were allowed, as follows: Samuel Bird, labor, |7.87 ; Z. A. 
Wellraan, cash paid, $12.80; Joseph Mitchell, boarding hands, $7; Simeon 
Ellis, timber. .^28 ; Jasper Seward, labor, $6.87 ; Henry Crawford, labor, 
$4.87 ; H. A. Carter, $45.25 ; Chas. Cousins, labor, $5.73 ; John Benson, lum- 
ber, $58.77; G.W.Gregg, labor, $2.37; Simeon Ellis, timber, $7. Next 
day — John W. Clark, lumber (to be delivered), $25. Probably some work was 
done on excavating for the basement, but there are no records to show what 
was done. 

April 16, the following additional claims were allowed : Simeon Ellis, labor, 
80 cents. October 6 : T. R. Mason, labor, $3 ; H. A. Carter (as Commissioner 
and services on Court House, $23.50.) 



HISTORY OF WOODFORD COUNTY. 381 

Judge Doolittle states that in the Spring of 1851, the timber hewed by 
himself and Mr. Price was hauled to the site selected on the public square, and 
the work of excavating for the basement commenced partly by contract, though 
on this subject the records are silent. 

Payments for work were made with town lots at $5 each, and in county 
orders at 50 per cent discount. Under the direction of the Commissioners, 
succeeded in August by County Judge Benson, the foundations were laid, the 
walls of the basement or jail built, and the frame of the Court House " raised " 
during the Fall, and thus it stood until the next year. 

The only other recorded action of either the Board of Commissioners or the 
County Court, in relation to the Court House to be found, is the following 
order of the Court, December 30, 1851, from which it would seem that the 
frame was not raised until quite late in the season : 

It is hereby ordered that Chester C. Cousens be paid thirteen dollars for furnishing supper at 
the raising the Court House, boarding Payten, and the balance due said Cousens for work done 
on the Court House to this date. JOHN BENSON, 

County Judge. 

The Town of Colony, near the center of Section 4, Township 90 north, 
Range 3 west, immediately south of Colesburgh, was laid out in March, 1851. 
It was laid out in two streets, crossing each other at right angles. David More- 
land, Proprietor ; James Cole, Surveyor. Plat recorded May 6, 1851. 

Hopkinton was laid out on the southeast quarter. Section 13, Township 87 
north, Range 4 west, in 1851. Henry A. Carter, Leroy Jackson and Jerusha 
M. Jackson, Proprietors ; John W. Clark, Surveyor. Plat recorded December 
29, 1851. 

The following unique marriage certificate appears of record : 

I hereby certify that on the 20th day of February, A. D. 1851, at the house of William Digh- 
ton, in Delhi Township, Delaware County, Iowa, in the presence of the above named William 
Dighton and his wife, his father, two brothers, two sisters, one brother-in-law, one sister-in-law, 
three step-children, several of his own children, nephews and nieces, friends and acquaintances, 
neighbors, etc., I joined in the holy bonds of matrimony Mr. Anthony McGarvey, of Scott County, 
Iowa, aged 24 years, and Miss Mary Ann Morgan, step-daughter to the above mentioned William 
Dighton, of this county, aged 18 years. 

Given under my hand this 20th day of February, A. D. 1851. 

THEODORE MARKS, 
Justice of the Peace, South Fork Township, Delaware County, Tova. 

P. S. — The streams being up very high, everybody could not attend. The undersigned had 
to travel sixteen miles extra to get home. T. M. 

THE COUNTY JUDGE SYSTEM. 

By chapter 15 of the Code of Iowa, approved February 5, 1851, County 
Commissioners' Courts were abolished, and the office of County Judge created. 
By this law, the County Judge was invested " with the usual power and juris- 
diction of County Commissioners and of Judge of Probate, and to be elected at 
the first election holden in August after the statutes had been in force thirty 
days." 

Accordingly, at the election in August, John Benson was elected County 
Judge ; William Price, Clerk of County Court ; and the Board of County Com- 
missioners ceased to exist. 

In the Fall, James Wood, Alfred Harris and Wilson arrived at 

Delhi, with their families, and, having no place to stop, erected a rough shanty 
in the basement of the new Court House, and lived there until they could build 
cabins. 



382 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 

Durinty the Summer, Mr. Daniel Baker arrived at Delhi, on his way to 
Independence, whither he was going with the view of building a hote|. He 
was taken sick with Cholera while at Delhi, and when he became convalescent, 
Mr. Doolittle, who liad learned his business, proposed to him that if he Avould 
remain and build a hotel at Delhi, he (Doolittle) would give him a deed of a lot. 
Baker accepted the offer and built the old Iowa House, 20x30, I^ stories high, 
on Lot 9, Block 4, on the north side of the main street. It was considered a very 
fine house at that time. Doolittle evidently knew how to start a town, for in 
the same season he gave Charles Harding (who had bought Helms' store) a lot 
on the o})posite side of the street, if he would build a store on it, which he did, 
building what is now known as the "'■ Blue Store," on Lot 3, Block 9. This gave 
an impetus to the town, and the price of lots advanced. It was not necessary 
to " give away " any more of them. 

THE GREAT FLOOD. 

1851 is memorable for the great flood that occurred in that year. June 7, 
rain fell in enormous quantities. Mr. Moulton, of Monticello, is authority for 
the statement that the rain-guage at that place indicated 3.75 inches. The 
" windows of heaven were opened " indeed. At Henry Baker's, the waters of 
the creek rose until it overflowed the floor of his house (his original log cabin, 
since burned), and he lost several sheep and hogs, and his fences were swept 
away. 

At Ead's Grove, the old Bennett Mill was swept away, and Mrs. Alaway, 
who lived near it, was drowned. 

The prairie, where Manchester now stands, was entirely submerged, the 
water, where the Clarence House now is, being several feet deep. The cause 
of this appears to have been that at that time the Maquoketa at this point was 
narrow and the current set to the right bank. The high banks operated as 
wing dams, when the water was so high, and it must overflow the prairie. 

At Bailey's, the water rose to the floor of his cabin, and he lost about two 
miles of fence. 

At Benson's Mill, which had been built the previous year, all the logs and 
lumber were swept away, and the mill itself was only saved by being cabled. 
Only a small portion of the roof was above water. 

Mr. Lawson A. Roe, an esteemed citizen of the county, relates an interest- 
ing incident of this flood, in substance as follows : Mr. William Roe, with his 
two sons, Lawson A. and Charles and his nephew, came to this county in 1851, 
on a tour of observation. Arriving at Delhi, they were informed that the Ma- 
quoketa was S(» high that they could not cross it at Bailey's Ford. Accord- 
ingly, they went below and crossed it at Benson's Mill, then traveled up the 
river on the west side until they reached a point opposite Bailey's at night, on 
the 7th of June. Here they encamped on the bottom near the bank of the 
stream, thirty or forty rods a little south of west of Bailey's house. The water 
was high, l>ut was some six feet below the top of tlie bank. Here they hitched 
their horses and pitched their tent. During the night it rained heavily and in 
the moriiing they found the river bankful, and, although the water had not 
yet reached their tent, it was two feet deep where the horses stood. They 
thought it best to move as soon as possible^ but they soon discovered that they 
Were on an island, from which it was impossible to escape without swimming. 
They drove a stake at the edge of the water and soon found that it was not 
visinrr; thoy were still on terra-firma. and antiei])ated no further trouble except 




tJ)idm.> ^?^rt^ 



DELHI 



HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 385 

delay. It was not long, however, before they were dismayed by the discovery 
that the Avater was rising again very rapidly, and was very muddy, indicating 
that the mill-dams at Turner's and Acers' had probably been swept away. 
They immediately prepared for the emergency. With portions of the harness, 
they fastened the wagon-box to the bolsters and staked the wagon so it could 
not float away. When the water had risen around the wagon, Mr. R. Eddv, 
afterward Sheriff, swam to them and took the horses off, none too soon, for, 
says Mr. Roe, " the water rose eleven feet in about three hours and a half, com- 
pelling us to take refuge in a tree. Meanwhile, Mr. Eddy and two others 
(names not remembered) made active preparations to rescue the four men " up 
a tree." The boats had all been swept away by the flood, but Mr. Eddy and 
liis companions obtained a new wagon-box, caulked it as well as they could, and, 
with this novel craft, after three trials, they succeeded in reaching the Roes and 
took them to the shore. 

Rev. E. B. Turner was Pastor of the church at Colesburgh ; Rev. John 
Martindale, at Eads' Grove, and religious services were conducted elsewhere by 
Revs. George Larkin and D. Mason. 

In December, the estate of Mr. Enoch Perkins was admitted to probate. 

The county register shows seventeen marriages during 1851. Amono- them 
were Jesse B. Bailey and Margaret Moreland ; W. B. Ilutson and Emmeline 
Blanchard, and D. B. Noble and Clara Reese. 

Mr. Bailey afterward served for many years in the County Board of Super- 
visors. 

The valuation of 1851 was as follows : 

Land with improvements |)2L3,122 

Town lots 7,865 

Personal property 76.879 

Total $297,866 

Number of Polls 497 

Asa C. Bowen entered warrants for several thousand acres on the prairie 
since called Bowen's Prairie, which included nearly all the present town of 
Sand Spring, in 1851, and, in 1856, erected a cabin near the Sand Spring, 
directly on the railroad track as afterward surveyed and located. 

The records of 1852 are of minor interest, and transactions unimportant ; 
but the tide of immigration was setting strongly to Delaware, and the county 
w^as rapidly filling up with enterprising and intelligent settlers. 

INlarch 15, the County Court granted the prayer of a petition for a road from 
Richland (Forestville) via Acersville (Delaware Center) to Delhi. 

In March, a burglary was committed in Delhi. The stores of Charles 
Harding and Clark & Eaton were broken into and robbed. Michael Ken- 
nedy was arrested for the offense, examined before Judge Benson and com- 
mitted. 

Coldwater Township was divided, and the north part made a new township 
named York. 

In April, Judge Benson, Recorder Phillips and William Price, Clerk, held 
a meeting to ascertain whether the fees received by them were sufficient to pay 
their official salaries. " Figuring up " their receipts, they ascertained that the 
sum total for seven months was $223.95. Their salaries amounted to $125 each. 
They decided to divide the money equally, and took orders on the empty treas- 
ury for the balance, probably at the rate of two dollars for one, as that was the 
^standard price of county order at that time. 

D 



386 



HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 



It is related that, during Mr. William Phillips' term as Recorder, the town 
of Delhi was seriously threatened with destruction from prairie fires. The 
record of deeds at that time was all contained in one little book ; the Recorder's 
office was not supplied with a safe, and if the town burned, that valuable book 
of records would be destroyed. Mr. Phillips determined that, come what would, 
that book "must and should be preserved," and improvised a very safe recep- 
tacle for it by digging a hole in the ground near his house, in which he deposited 
his record book and buried it. 



THE COURT HOUSE. 

Some progress was made on the new Court House in 1852. The frame was 
covered, the roof put on and some of the inside work was done. But as the 
county had only town lots and its depreciated orders with which to pay for labor 
and material. Judge Benson evidently found it slow work. The records are 
silent. 

" In the Spring of 1852," says Judge Doolittle, " potatoes were exceedingly 
scarce in this country. The potato crop the previous year was almost an entire 
failure, and, when Spring opened, seed potatoes were difficult to obtain and very 
hifh. Our farmers paid f 1.50 a bushel and hauled them from Dubuque. One 
of the Delhi farmers had secured some, and, to make them ' go ' as far as possi- 
ble, was planting them in Eastern style — -in rows about four feet apart and about 
the same distance apart in the row. A neighbor, happening along, noticed the 
fact, and said, ' What makes you plant your potatoes so far apart ? you're fool- 
ish to waste land in that way.' The potato planter paused in his work, looked 
at his neighbor a moment and exclaimed, ' Waste land ? H — 11 ! what's the use 
to talk about wasting land at $1.25 an acre when potatoes are $1.50 a bushel? ' " 

The levy of taxes for 1852 was as follows : State, 1| mills ; county, 6 
mills ; for roads, 1 mill ; for schools, 1 mill, and a poll tax of $2.50. 

Zina A. Wellman was appointed Prosecuting Attorney by the County Court. 

The amount of school money for distribution among the several districts in 
the county, in 1852, was $550.58. Three estates Avere admitted to probate, 
viz. : Those of N. P. Dillon, William Siston and Convill. 

In November, 1852, occurred the third Presidential election since the 
organization of the county ; but of the preceding elections no record was kept ; 
at least none are now to be found. At the election on the 5th of April, Joel 
Bailey was elected School Fund Commissioner, over John Benson, by a vote of 
263 to 126 — total vote, 389. At the election. Buck Creek Township returned 
33 votes. At the November election, the following returns were made : 





WiNFiELD Scott. 


Franklin Piebce. 


J. P. Hale. 


Colony 


68 
23 
39 
30 
10 
28 
8 
14 
13 


44 
21 

67 
17 
3 
8 
19 
10 
15 




North Fork 




Delhi 


10 


South Fork 


York 


. 


Union 


3 


Delaware 


Col il water 




Richland 










233 


204 


18 



Total vote, 455. 



HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 387 

January 3, 1853, the County Court, Judge Benson, provided for the pay- 
ment in full of the money borrowed of Lawrence McNamee in 18i6, with which 
to enter the county seat. 

TOWNSHIP BOUNDARIES. 

February 26th, the County Court established the boundaries of the civil 
townships in the county as follows : 

It being deemed necessary to make a general alteration in the boundaries of the townships 
of Delaware County, for the reason that the Assessors could not know what land to assess along 
the lines where creeks and roads were the boundaries, therefore, under the present arrange- 
ments, it (is) Ordered, that 

Colony Township shall consist of Congressional Township No. 90 north of Range 3 west, 
and the north half of Township 80 north, Range 3 west. 

York Township is composed of the north half of Township 90 north of Range 5 west. 
Cold water is composed of the south half of Township 90, and Sections 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, 
n Township 89 north of Range .5 west. 

Richland is composed of Township 90 north of Range 6 west 

Delaware is composed of Township 89 north of Range 6, and Township 89, Range 5 west, 
except Sections 1, 2, .3, •!, 5 and 6, which are attached to Coldwater. 

North Fork is composed of Township 88, and the south half of Township 89 north of Range 
3 west. 

South Fork is composed of Township 87, Range 3, and Sections 1, 12, 13, 24, 25 and 26, in 
ownship 87 north of Range 4 west. 

Union Township is composed of Township 87, Range 6 west ; Township 87, Range o and 
ownship 87, Range 4, except Sections 1, 12, 13, 24, 2.5 and 36, which are attached to South 
ork. 

Delhi Township is composed of Township 88, Range 4 ; Township 88, Range 5 ; Township 
8, Range 6 ; and the south half of Township 89 north of Range 4 west. 

At the April election, 1853, the whole number of votes polled in the county 
was 382. The people voted to allow sheep and swine to run at large by a large 
majority. 

In November, Thomas Green, a pauper likely to become a public charge, 
was allowed $25 to enable him to return to Pennsylvania. 

During this year, the first newspaper in the county was established at Delhi 
by Datus E. Coon, of which further mention is made elsewhere. 



COURT HOUSE COMPLETED. 

During 1853, the new Court House and jail building was completed, it is 
said Avithout the necessity of a tax levy, being paid for with town lots and 
county orders. The payment of the latter, however, when made, was by the tax- 
payers of the county. One term of court was held in the stone basement of 
Hook's building, before the new house was ready for occupation. 

The old log Court House was now sold. It had served a good purpose ; had 
been used for court purposes, as a school house, church, and for all the various 
purposes of a community having no other building for public purposes ; and. 
besides, it frequently furnished a temporary home for immigrants, until they 
could build their cabins. It should have been preserved, as long as it would 
stand, as a monument of the early history of the county ; at least, when it was 
removed, some sort of a monument should have been placed on the spot where 
the first court in the county was held, where the people erected it themselves, 
without tax, by voluntary contributions of labor, precisely as they built their 
cabins, by helping each other. But in 1857, J. M. Noble, the then owner, sold 
it to Joel Bailey, for f 25.00, who used it for a stable for several years, until 



388 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 

about 1801, when he received $10.00 for it, from W. A. Heath, who found 
the dry hickory logs of wliich it was built made excellent fire-wood; and now, 
1878. not a vestige of it remains. 

The entire absence of the poll books, and various other valuable records, 
prior to the occupation of the new Court House, leads to the inference that they 
were boxed up and stowed away, and forgotten ; or, what is more probable, de- 
stroved. 

In the Spring of 1853, Jane and Eliza Scott, who had been visiting their 
parents, who lived near the old town of Delaware Center, above Manchester, 
were returning to Delhi, Avhere they were employed. When they reached 
Spring Branch, about a mile above Bailey's, the stream was very high ; but, 
without realizing the danger, they attempted to ford it, as usual. The horse 
and wagon, Avith its occupants, were sw^ept into the "Deep Hole," just below, 
and the horse was droAvned. One of thegirls was swept by the current to the 
shore ; the other was drawn into the eddy, where she was carried round by the 
circling waters, until her sister succeeded in reaching her with a pole, and drew 
her to the shore. 

Both were much exhausted, and started through the snow and water, 
hoping to reach Bailey's cabin, at the ford. One of them did, but was so 
far gone when she reached there that she could not speak for a time. As 
soon as she had sufficiently recovered to tell her story, Mr. Bailey and his 
''hired man" started to find the other one, and found her about half a mile 
from the house, utterly exhausted, on her hands and knees, in a pool of w^ater. 
She was insensible, and was so heavy withal that Mr. Bailey says it was impos- 
sible for two men to carry her. Fortunately, Mr. Lillibridge, who had heard 
the screams of the girls and had started on horseback, arrived at that moment, 
and they succeeded in lifting the insensible girl on to the horse, where Mr. Lil- 
libridg-e balanced her body in front of him, like a sack of corn, and carried her 
to Bailey's. Mr. and Mrs. Bailey, by unremitting exertions for several hours, 
at last succeeded in restoring the poor girl to consciousness, but it was a nar- 
row escape. Soon after, Dr. Acers, who was opportunely passing, was hailed 
by Mr. Bailey, called in and gave the necessary medical advice and assistance. 

June 11. 1853, the constitution of " The Farmers' and Mechanics' Mercan- 
tile Association, of Delaware and Clayton Counties," was filed for record in the 
Recorder's office. It was preserved among some old papers in the County 
Treasurer's office, at Delhi, but no names are attached to it. This association 
was organized in 1853, at Yankee Settlement, by Rev. H. N. Gates, Daniel B. 
Noble, Mr. Seward and others. The object of the Association was to establish 
and run a store on the co-operative plan, selling shares at |10 each. Accord- 
ingly, the store was started at Yankee Settlement, now called Edgewood, 
under the name of " The Union Store." It did not survive long, however, and 
closed its doors at the end of its second year, having used up all its capital and 
$200 additional. 

The first stone school house in Delaware County, was erected in 1853, near 
Bailey's Ford. Subsequently, some parties wanted the school house in another 
place ; others wanted the district divided. At last the stone school house was 
burned, the district was divided and peace reigned. The ruins of this house are 
still to be seen on the wayside, a short distance east of Bailey's Ford. 

The post office at Delaware Center (Acersville) was established Oct. 1, 1853. 

At the election in April, 1854, Peter Case was elected School Fund Com- 
missioner. Mr. Case was an honest, upright man. He died in poverty, at 
Wavcrlv, some vears ago. 



HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 389 

AN IMPORTANT LAND CASE. 

The errors made by Mr. Porter, who attempted to subdivide the northern 
townships in the county, in 1837, gave rise to numerous disputes, much ill 
feeling and litigation. A single example will suffice to illustrate the principles 
involved. 

The case of Moreland vs. Page is, probably, the most notable civil action on 
the early court records of the county. Moreland owned a quarter section of 
land in Section 4, Colony Township, and Page owned the land abutting on the 
north. Both parties entered their lands under the survey of 1837, but the lands 
in dispute were re-surveyed by Edward James, under authority of the Gen- 
eral Land Office, in 1852, and the dividing line between Moreland and Page 
was made to fall tAvo and a half chains south of the original lii^e. James was 
unable to find several monuments indicated by the survey of 1837, and that 
survey was characterized by both the Land Office and the Iowa Supreme 
Court as imaginary and fraudulent. Moreland brought action to recover the 
land sliced off by the second survey, which was commenced A\)Yi\ 8th, 1854. 
The District Court found for Moreland, but Page appealed to the Supreme Court, 
which reversed the decision of the court below. Judge Isbell, summing up for 
the Supreme Court, said the lands in dispute were to be governed by the rules 
applying in case of a lost survey, wherein course and distance must yield to 
fixed monuments, that all ascertained surrounding monuments must have their 
due weight, and that the variations from the old survey between the monuments 
must be evenly distributed. The case was determined at the December term of 
the Supreme Court, 1855, at Iowa City. The case was afterward appealed to 
the Supreme Court of the United States, but was dismissed on the ground that 
that court had no jurisdiction. 

There were thirty-five cases on the docket at the June term of the District 
Court. Four of these were indictments for selling intoxicating liquors contrary 
to law. There were six applications for divorce from six suffering mortals who 
had found (or thought they had) the burdens of matrimony too heavy to bear. 
These were J. T. Curtis, Michael Bratt, Robert Kennedy, John Cowles, 
Elizabeth Michaels and James E. Henderson. At this lerm, D. Baker was 
District Attorney, and among the lawyers at the bar were A. K. Eaton, J. H. 
Peters, Z. A. Wellman, S. R. Peet and A. E. House, beside several attorneys . 
from Dubuque, among whom were B. M. Samuels and Wm. Vandever. 

At the August election, 660 votes were polled in the county. For Governor, 
James W. Grimes had a majority of 83 over his competitor, Curtis Bates. 

James Robinson entered land in Township 88, Range 6 (Prairie), and in the 
following year John S. Barry and J. F. McKay entered land in the same town- 
ship. 

Sept. 4, Edwin Adams, a native of England, was naturalized by the County 
Court, which was thought by some to have been an illegal act, as it was alleged 
that the County Judge transcended his authority. 

The town of Greeley, on the northwest quarter of northeast quarter of Sec- 
tion 29, Township 90 — 5, was surveyed August 28. 1854, by A. G. Noble, 
Surveyor ; Samuel Lough, proprietor. Plat recorded February 24, 1855. The 
first post office at Greeley was established October 30, 1854, and was called 
"Plum Spring." The name of the office was changed to Greeley in 1863. 

Delaware Center, on south half of northeast quarter. Section 19, ToAvnship 
89 — 5, was laid out November, 1854 ; John Acers, proprietor. This town was 
generally called Acersville by the people. 



390 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 

Forestville, on northeast quarter of Section 22, 90 — 6, was surveyed by 
Joel Bailey, April 4, 1854 ; Daniel Leonard and Sarah A. Leonard, proprietors. 
Recorded July 19, 1856. The Forestville post office was established in 1851. 

On Monday, May 2, 1854, delegates from the different townships met at 
Delhi to appoint delegates to the Ship Canal Convention at Dubuque. James 
Uardv was chosen Chairman, and A. E. Martin, Secretary. The following 
delegates were appointed : T. H. Bowen, South Fork ; Joseph Grimes, Colony; 
C. Sanborn, Oneida ; S. F. Parker, Delhi ; L. A. Loomis, Delaware, and Jesse 
B. Bailey, of North Fork. 

INCORPORATION OF DELHI. 

In 1855, Delhi, the county seat, Avas a thriving village, and during this 
and the next year — in fact, until the Dubuque & Pacific Railroad was 
located, and it was certain that it would not pass through the capital of Dela- 
■ware — Delhi was one of the most promising towns in this part of the State. 
The town had assumed such proportions, and its future was so promising that 
early in January the citizens petitioned the County Court for incorporation. 
The Judge ordered an election to be held on the 15th, to determine whether 
incorporation was desired by the voters. Wm. F. Tanner, William Phillips and 
George Sheldon Avere appointed Judges of the Election, which resulted in a 
unanimous vote in favor of incorporation. Another election was ordered to be held 
January 27th, to elect five persons to prepare a charter or articles of incorporation. 
Arial K. Eaton, Samuel F. Parker, James Wright, E. K. Griffin and Daniel 
Baker were elected, who prepared the charter, which was submitted and ac- 
cepted by the people at a meeting held February 28th. Arial K. Eaton was 
elected Mayor, succeeded by S. G. Van Anda, during whose term of office, the 
town organization was abandoned. 

February 7th, Delaware Township was divided by order of the County Court, 
and Township 89 north. Range 6 west, was " set off into a separate township for 
political purposes, under the name and title of " Coffin's Grove," and the school 
house in Coffin's Grove was designated as the place for holding elections, and war- 
rant issued to Clement Coffin, a citizen of said township, according to law. 

February 19th, Judge Benson resigned. A. K. Eaton was acting County 
Judge until April, when Frederick B. Doolittle was elected to fill the vacancy. 

The town of Burrington was surveyed in the Spring of 1855. The survey 
commenced in 1854, I. N. Higbee, Surveyor. James Dyer, Ann Dyer, 0. P. 
Reeves, Almeda C. Reeves, proprietors, relinquished streets and alleys according 
to law, February 25, 1856 ; recorded March 13, 1856. The first hotel built 
in Burrington was the old Clarence House, in 1855, by Thomas Toogood 
and Francis Bethell. Several other buildings were erected during the same 
year. (See Manchester). 

At the election, April 2, 1855, the people of Delaware voted " for and against 
the Prohibitory Li(juor Law, approved January 22, 1855. The vote was as follows : 

L'nion .". 33 for. 28 ao'st. 

South Fork 71 IQ 

Delhi 101 54 

North Fork 35 ig 

<'"lony 89 25 

•^11< 56 8 

"olii water 27 7 

York 29 13 

Riclilaiul 11 34 

Dehiwiire 95 17 

Coffin's Grove 24 1 

Total 501 215 



HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 391 

Chelcy (Chelsea), a part of Section 33, Township 87 north, Range 4, was 
laid out April 25, 1855, by J. A. Marvin, Surveyor; Robert Hogg, Lyman D. 
Cross and John A. Squires, proprietors. It never throve, and the site of the 
town now yields excellent crops of corn. 

In July, 1855, Dr. Albert Boomer, of Delhi, was appointed county agent 
for the sale of spirituous liquors. He entered upon and discharged his duties, 
as appears of recoi'd. August 29th, William Cattron was appointed liquor 
agent and $300 placed in his hands for the purchase of stock. After about 
three months' experience, he resigned in disgust, as sickness among men and 
horses increased to an alarming extent. 

The brick 'building known as the Harding Hotel was erected by Charles 
Harding in 1855-6. 

A RAILROAD STRANGLED. 

July 10, 1855, the articles of incorporation of the Delaware County & 
Pacific Railroad Company were filed for record. The corporators were Charles 
Harding, Frederick B. Doolittle, Arial K. Eaton, John W. Clark, Charles W. 
Hobbs, Zina A. Wellman, James Wright, John H. Peters and John H. Porter, 
and the company was organized for the purpose of " constructing a railroad, 
commencing at the east line of Delaware County, thence westerly on the best 
route through the town of Delhi to the Pacific Ocean." 

In September, Judge Doolittle ordered an election to be held on the 22d day 
of October, to see if the people of the county would vote to subscribe for $200,- 
000 of the stock of the company, and issue a like amount of county bonds, 
bearing interest, not to exceed eight per cent, per annum, to helmet by a six 
mill tax annually. This tax at the end of fifteen years to be increased to one 
per cent., to provide for the payment of the principal. At the election, October 
22, the people emphatically rejected the proposition by a vote of 708 to 260. 
The vote of Delhi was 190 in favor to 20 against. Delaware, Coffin's Grove, 
Richland and Colony voted unanimously against the proposition. 

September 29th, the County Court ordered and decreed that Township 87 
N., Range 6 W., be set ofi" into a separate township for political purposes, to be 
called "Adams," to take effect on the first Monday of April, 1856. On the 
same day. Townships 89 north. Range 3, and 89 north, Range 4, were erected 
into a new township to be called "Oneida," the organization to take effect on 
the 1st day of April, 1856. 

THE RAILROAD QUESTION. 

The railroad question had now become one of absorbing interest to the peo- 
ple of the county, and during this and the next year, created much excitement 
and not a little ill feeling. Delhi was a lively, thrifty town, one of the important 
points and stopping places on the great stage road from Dubuque westward. 
Business was lively, money was plenty and everybody was prosperous. Of 
course, the enterprising citizens of the county seat understood that if the pro- 
jected railroad should not pass through Delhi, it would be necessarily fatal to 
their continued prosperity and they would have nothing left save their Court 
House and jail, but, singularly enough, for a time they did not seem to compre- 
hend the possibility of such an event. They appeared to think that a railroad 
through Delaware without Delhi, was like the play of Hamlet with Hamlet left 
■out, and they did not awake from their delusion until it was too late. It is said 
that a committee of citizens of Delhi, of which Charles Harding was one, went 



392 HISTORY OF Delaware county 

to Dyersville to confer Avitli the railroad officials in relation to the matter. The 
location of the road had then been definitely determined from Dubuque to 
Dyersville, but beyond that it was said that the question was still an open one, 
and it is also saiddiat Delhi might still have secured the road by a liberal dona- 
tion. Judge Doolittle states that they offered |50,000, but that this was not 
considered sufficient and they could do no more. It is said, however, that, at 
the conference above mentioned, when they found that the road was perma- 
nently located to Dyersville, Mr. Harding and his associates coolly informed the 
officers of the road that "if Delhi couldn't have a railroad without having it 
from Dyersville, Delhi didn't want it at all." It does not seem possible that 
business men could take such a view of the matter, and yet it is gravely asserted 
that such was the position of the Delhi committee. Whether true or not, the 
people of Delhi soon discovered that their town was not to be on the line of the 
road, and during the Winter of 1855-56, a delegation of its citizens were in 
attendance upon the Legislature endeavoring to prevent the Federal grant of 
lands to the State to aid in the construction of the road from being turned over 
to the company by the State, unless the contemplated act should provide that 
Delhi and some other important towns should be stations on the road. The 
lobby agent of the road, however, defeated their efforts and Delhi and its pros- 
pects i-eceived a blow from which it has never recovered, although the completion 
of the Davenport &; St. Paul Railroad to this point in 1872 has aided it some- 
what and is an important element in retaining the county seat at that point. 

The Delaware Agricultural Society was incorporated at Delhi in 1855, and 
held annual fairs for several years, until the war, commencing in 1861, inter- 
rupted its operations. 

BROOM CORN. 

In 1855, James H. Bowen, then of Albany, New York, marked out Iowa 
as a locality for raising broom corn ef^ual to the Mohawk flats, and in that be- 
lief, secured the services of Samuel Dickerson, of Schoharie County, New^ York, 
to inaugurate the business on his tract of land near Hopkinton. He procured 
the best machinery that could be found, including the "Emery Horse Power," 
for scraping, and sent the requisite seed at once. The first crop was raised in 
1856, and worked up the Fall and Winter following. Mr. Crosby began about 
the same time, in the northern part of the county, in the same business. Mr. 
Bowen continued cvdtivating brush and manufacturing until 1859, when 
Thomas Cearnes embarked in it. In the meantime, Mr. John Towner, an 
experienced manufacturer, had been employed by Mr. Bowen, and from him 
Messrs. McLeod, Phillips, Willard, Fields and some others learned the art of 
making brooms. 

In March, 1856, S. P. Mosher and others petitioned the County Court for 
the erection of a new township, to be composed of Congressional Townships 88, 
Range 5, and 88, Range 6, and to be called Pleasant Valley. The Judge 
granted the request, but thought the name " Milo " would suit the people better 
than the name they asked for, and so ordered. 

MURDER IN DELHI. 

On the 10th of March, 1856, murder flashed its red hand in Delhi. It 
was the result of professional jealousy between physicians and the ungovernable 
passions growing out of it. Drs. C. C. Sharp and Joshua F. Stout were prac- 
ticing physicians of Delhi. A condition of acrimonious bitterness existed 



HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 39^ 

between them, especially on the part of Sharp, who apparently cherished a vin- 
dictive animosity against his professional rival, which culminated in a fatal 
assault on the 10th. Dr. Sharp entered the store of Edmund Davis, where Dr. 
Stout was sitting quietly, and, after some very abusive language addressed to 
his rival, stabbed him twice in the chest with a dirk knife. Stout died on the 
16th from the effects of his wounds. Sharp was arrested on the 19th, by Dep- 
uty Sheriff" S. F. Parker, on complaint of Dr. Acers, Stout's brother-in-law. 
The murderer was tried, convicted and sentenced to the penitentiary, from which 
he afterward escaped and fled to Tennessee. Sheriff" Parker followed and dis- 
covered him, obtained a requisition upon Gov. Andrew Johnson, of Tennessee, 
who granted the necessary papers, arrested the fugitive and returned him to his 
quarters. Subsequently, Sharp was pardoned by Gov. Grimes. 

A post office was established at Burrington, April 8, 1856, but the Post- 
master General refused to call it Burrington, because that Avould be so nearly 
like Burlington, and at the instance of Judge Dyer it was called Manchester. 
0. P. Reeves was appointed Postmaster. 

May 7, 1856, J. A. Marvin, a school teacher, at Rockville, had some trouble 
with one of his pupils, a stout, muscular young lady, who imagined she could 
manage the school for him better than he could do it himself. She thought she 
could manage him, also, and undertook to "thrash" him or turn him out, but 
was worsted and was whipped herself. She entered complaint against him for 
assault and battery and he was arrested, tried, convicted and fined, but was com- 
mitted, as he preferred the jail rather than to pay his fine. He made applica- 
tion for a writ of habeas corpus, but was denied by the County Court and 
finally concluded to pay his fine. 

In the Spring of 1856, several Congregational families, among whom were 
Rev. J. H. Kasson, Rev. H. N. Gates, Daniel B. Noble, L. 0. Stevens and 
F. VV. Dunham, located a settlement, called the Staff"ord Colony, on and near 
Section 11, Township 89, Range 4, and called it Almoral (see Almoral). 

The Dubuque & Pacific Railroad was completed to the east line of the county, 
at Dyersville, in 1856, by Magill & Co., contractors, and was of great advantage 
to the people, whose market for grain and stock was brought thirty miles nearer 
than Dubuque. This was a year of great prosperity, not only in DelaAvare, but 
everywhere throughout the Great West. The heavy immigration of 1854 and 
'55, which still continued, created an excellent home market for all kinds of 
produce, and the hardy pioneers, who had paved the way for all this prosperity, 
were beginning to receive some reward for their years of toil and privation. 
Money was plenty, labor was in active demand at good prices, towns were grow- 
ing, farms improving and even beggars were getting rich. During these years 
of flush times and business activity, three-fourths of the land in Delaware 
was entered. 

At the August election, 891 votes were polled and in November, John H. 
Peters was elected a Delegate to the Third Constitutional Convention from the 
counties of Delaware and Dubuque. 

When the railroad was completed to Dyersville in the Winter of 1856-7, M ' 
0. Walker, the proprietor of the Northwestern Stage Line from Dubuque to Sf 
Paul, commenced running from Dyersville, via Burrington and Forestville, to 
Strawberry Point, W^est Union, etc. The Western Mail Stage Company 
running a line of mail and passenger coaches from Dubuque via Rockville 
Delhi, Bailey's Ford, Coffin's Grove to Quasqueton and Independence, also 
changed the eastern terminus of its line from Dubuque to Dyersville. This 
company had previously promised the people at Burrington, that it would put a 



394 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 

staf-e line from Dyersville via Burrington direct to Independence, over a more 
direct route than the mail stages were compelled to travel, but the promise was 
not fulfilled. During the Winter, through the influence of Judge Dyer and 
otheri. and the active efforts of the leading men at Burrington, parties at Dyers- 
ville and Independence were induced to organize a new stage company, and in 
the Spring of 18o7, the " People's Line " of stages commenced running from 
Dyersville' to Independence by way of Burrington ; the people along the line 
volunteered to make the way passable, by filling up or bridging the sloughs, 
etc. The new line at once drew the travel from the old mail route through 
Delhi, and very soon the Western Stage Company withdrew its coaches from 
that route and placed them on the Burrington road to run in opposition to 
the '' People's Line," and transported the mail over the mail route by single 
wacrons. The " People's Line " run about a year and suspended, and soon after- 
ward, the completion of the railroad sent stage coaches into permanent retire- 
ment, although the Northwestern Stage Line made Manchester its southeastern 
terminus for some time after. 

March 2, 1857, Congressional Township 87 north, Range 5, was set apart 
as a township for political purposes and called Hazel Green. 

At the April election, the question of licensing the sale of spirituous or 
intoxicating liquors was submitted to the people. The majority against the 
measure was 443. 

The town of York, located on northwest quarter of northeast quarter, and 
northeast quarter of northwest quarter of Section 9, Township 90 north, Range 
5 W., was laid out by Geo. W. Stewart and Clarissa M. Stewart, proprietors ; W. 
R. Stewart, surveyor, May, 1857. 

Nottingham (Earlville), on Sections 35 and 36, Township 89 north. Range 
4 W,, was laid out October, 1857, by the loAva Land Company — R. B. Mason, 
President. Plat filed October 22, and approved for record in December. The 
post office at Nottingham is called Earlville, and there appears to have been an 
effort to change the name of the town to correspond, although no record appears, 
but in 1861, by order of Judge Bailey, the name was changed again to Not- 
tingham. 

Almoral, on Section 11, Township 89 north. Range 4 W., was laid out Novem- 
ber 23, 1857 ; James H. Kasson and Mary S. Kasson, proprietors ; F. W. 
Dunham, surveyor. 

The Delhi Seminary filed articles of incorporation for record June 8, 1857. 
The corporators were James Wright, Z. A. Wellman, F. B. Doolittle, Albert 
Boomer, John Porter, Andrew Stone, B. Thorpe, W. R. Cox, E. A. Gilmore, 
Lewis Beal, J. H. Spellraan, E. C. Taylor, Elisha Brady and James M. Noble. 
The Almoral Institute, corporators, J. II. Kasson, L. 0. Stevens, Joseph 
Dunham, W. G. Strickland, H. N. Gates, Elijah Gates, John A. G. Cattron 
and David Roland; articles of incorporation filed for record December 1, 1857. 
Limited to twenty years. 

June 30, 1857, the Great Northwest Railway Company filed a petition in 
the County Court, asking that an election be ordered to see if the county would 
vote to aid in the construction of that road across the county. This was a 
company originating at Delhi, growing out of the Delaware & Pacific scheme, it 
is said, for the purpose of throttling the Dubu(jue & Pacific Road, which had left 
Delhi f»ut in the cold. The idea of the bold projectors of the scheme appears 
to have been to make Galena, 111., the eastern terminus, thence by way of Tete 
de Morts and crossing Delaware from near its southeast corner to the northwest, 
\)as.sing within three-fourths of a mile of Delhi. Mr. Ayers, in his " Early 



HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 395 

Times," remarks : ''It would have saved Galena the pre-eminence it then 
enjoyed, if its people had taken hold of the project." This company asked that 
the county loan its credit for $250,000 to aid in constructing the line across its 
territory. The County Judge, Doolittle, ordered an election to be held on the 
first Monday in August at the general election, upon the following issue : 

Will the county of Delaware loan the credit of said county to the Great Northwestern Rail- 
road (::ompany to the amount of $-250,000, by issuing and delivering county bonds of said county 
to this amount to said railroad company, for the purpose of aiding in the construction of that 
portion of said road which shall be located through the county aforesaid ? 

At the election, the township of Delhi voted in favor of the proposition 
244 to 1, and Delaware went the other way 118 to 13. The measure was. 
defeated in the county, however, the total vote being 791 against to 657 for. 

xYe^^ County Building. — The county was now sadly in need of more room 
for its officers. The Court House, while it had served and still served all the 
purposes of court room and jail as well, perhaps, as a more expensive structure, 
was entirely too small to afford proper accommodations for its officials, and it 
was found absolutely necessary to make provision for them. Judge Doolittle 
therefore provided for the erection of a substantial two-story brick building on 
the northeast corner of the Court House Square, at a contract price of $5,000. 
The building was erected, but the roof was not put on when Judge Doolittle 
went out of office, and it was finished by his successor, who paid but little atten- 
tion to the work, and the roof was such a " botched "job that the next year it 
became necessary to remove it and construct a new one. The building contains 
four large rooms. The Clerk of the Court and the Treasurer occupy the lower 
floor, and the Auditor and Recorder the second story. Its style of architec- 
ture is unique and antiquated, bearing some faint resemblance to the castellated 
battlements of feudal ages, without, however, possessing any of their beauty or 
grandeur. It, however, serves the purpose for which it was designed, and with 
its floor covered with sheet iron, is just as good, practically, as a more imposing 
structure with marble floors. 

July 6, 1857, Congressional Township 89 north, Range 3 W.,was established 
as a political township and called Bremen, and George W. Harper, Constable, 
posted and served the notices of the court. 

At the general election in August, 1874, votes were polled, showing a rapid 
increase of population. 

If Delhi had passed the zenith of its prosperity and commenced its decline, 
Burrington, now Manchester, began to manifest symptoms of the growth since 
realized. Projected originally on '^ fog," as one of the early settlers of the 
town expressively terms it, as'^many of the western tow^ns were projected about 
that time, the certainty that the Dubuque & Pacific Railroad would pass near 
or through it gave the town a substantial basis, and at the close of the year 
1857 there were fifteen or twenty buildings in the little village. 

The gigantic bubble of speculation, which, as has been seen, inflated so rap- 
idly in 1855-56, suddenly burst and collapsed in 1857. The failure of the 
Ohio Life and Trust Company in August of that year was the first crash that her- 
alded the coming financial panic, and in three weeks from that time the most of 
the banks had closed and everybody became as timid and frightened as they had 
been bold and confident before. All financial confidence was gone. Specie 
disappeared and bank notes depreciated and were driven home. The life blood 
of the nation, its circulating medium of exchange, had ceased to circulate, and 
universal disaster and ruin followed. Numerous merchants and dealers in Dela- 
ware were forced to yield to the storm and were closed out by their creditors. 



39G HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 

The harvests of Delaware were bounteous. The farmers had good crops of 
grain, but the dealers liad no money and they could not sell it, and it was 
almost impossible for them to obtain money enough to pay their taxes. It was 
not easy to exchange wheat for groceries even at fifty cents a bushel. The 
o-roceryman had hisgoods to pay for, wheat was not legal tender and he could 
sell it no better than the farmer. Other products of the farm were eijually 
unsalable, and the farmer's wife was compelled to give two pounds of butter 
for a yard of calico. With the disappearance of specie, dealers who were able 
to keep their own heads above water partially supplied the local necessity for 
some convenient medium of exchange by issuing tokens of their own credit for 
small amounts, redeemable in goods, or cash, on presentation in sums of five dol- 
lars. Wood was worth ^2,00 a cord and pork sold for $1.75 per cwt. in Man- 
chester, twenty years ago. To illustrate the scarcity of currency, it is said 
that T. H. Bowen paid 10 per cent, for New York exchange. 

The Winter of 1857-58 is remembered for its deep snows and cold weather. 
From the 1st day of December, 1857, until late in March, 1858, more than 
two feet of snow covered the ground, in marked contrast with the Winter of 
1877-78, when the ground was hardly covered with snow at any time. In 
January, 1858, a few sunny days and freezing nights covered the surface of the 
snow with a thick crust of ice, strong enough to bear a man, but the sharp 
hoofs of the deer would cut through it, and these animals were frequently killed 
at short range in the northern part of the county during that Winter. 
They could not run and were easily approached. During this Winter, one 
Monday morning, Mr. — — — Shultz, living in Richland Township, went to 
visit Frederick Preussner, who lived about a mile away. Toward night, Shultz's 
son also Avent to Preussner's, probably to accompany his father home, and it 
being a mild day, he went without his coat. Before they started for home, 
night had fallen, snow commenced falling and the storm became so severe that 
they lost their way. The next morning, as they had not reached home, Mr. 
Shultz's other sons went to Preussner's to inquire for their missing father and 
brother, hoping to find them there. The storm continued with unabated severity 
nearly all day, and it was nearly night before the neighboring settlers could be 
notified. Search was made, and on Wednesday morning the boy was found dead, 
about a mile southeast of Preussner's. He had his father's coat on. The 
father, in his paternal affection for his suffering child, who had left home with- 
out a coat, had taken off his own that his son might be protected. Shultz was 
not found until Friday, when his frozen body was discovered a short distance 
north of Aaron Sullivan's, in Coffin's Grove Township. The searching party 
found, upon tracking him, that probably during the first night he had passed 
within a few rods of his own door. 

The Dubu((ue & Pacific Railroad Avas completed to Nottingham, and the 
first train ran to that point December 10, 1857, and that town Avas the Avestern 
terminus of the road f<)r about tAvo years. 

The first Sabbath school in Adams Township Avas organized in 1857, at the 
log school house near James Robinson's residence. 

In 1857, the Dubuque & SouthAvestern Railroad was surveyed, and the 
present site of Sand Spring was selected for a station. Asa C. Bowen sold to 
the Company the undivided lialf of his farm for a toAvn site, and three buildings 
were put up that Fall. 

Sand Spring, located on Sections 27 and 28, ToAvnship 87, Range 8, was 
laid out March 26, 1858, Truman H. Bowen and Lucius H. Langworthy, pro- 
prietors, and tlie ncAv toAvn Avas designated as a station on the Dubrnjue & 



HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 397 

Southwestern Railroad, which was built to within two miles of the town the 
following Autumn and completed through the county in the Spring of 1859, 
The town received its name from a large spring of water in the sand in the 
town. 

March 3, 1858, on petition of John S. Barry and others, the County Court 
sec off Congressional Township 88, Range 6, as a political township and named 
it ''Prairie." September 13, on petition of T. Crosby and others, the six 
southern sections of Coldwater, being the northern tier of sections in Township 
89, Range 5, were annexed to Delaware. September 16, on petition of George 
W. Stewart and 0. S. Boggs, the townships of Coldwater and York were united 
and the new township was named '' Honey Creek." The election was ordered 
to be held at the house of Caspar Dunham, who is remembered by the early 
settlers as a pump maker. Dunham failed in business and removed to Oregon 
prior to 1860, where he was, for a time, Secretary of State. 

Manchester, including within its limits the town of Burrington, which now 
ceased to exist, was laid out by the Iowa Land Company, R. B. Mason, Presi- 
dent, and H. D. Kingsbury, Secretary, and plat approved and recorded March 
20, 1858. The town was named in honor of Manchester, England, by James 
Dyer, who was a native of England, two years before, when the post office Avas 
established and called Manchester. 

Masonville, on the line of the railroad, on the northeast quarter of Section 
31, Township 89, Range 6 (Cofiin's Grove), was laid out by Francis Daniels 
and Iowa Land Company, J. P. Farley, President, plat recorded July 1, 1858. 
Named in honor of R. B. Mason, the then late President of the Iowa Land 
Company. 

Millheira, on the southeast quarter of northeast quarter of Section 3, Town- 
89, Range 5 (Delaware), was surveyed July 21, 1858, by W. R. Stewart, John 
Kaltenbach and Maria Kaltenbach, proprietors. This town started on "fog," 
as Burrington was, held its own and never realized the hopes of its sanguine 
founders. It was named by Mr. Kaltenbach in honor of his native town in 
Baden, Germany. It is sometimes called Dutchtown- 

Hartwick, about two miles southwest of Delhi, on the northwest corner of 
Section 30, in a bend of the Maquoketa, was laid out in December, 1858, John 
W, Clark and Miriam Clark, proprietors. 

One morning during the Winter of 1857-8, Mr. Kellogg, jailer at 

Delhi, was found dead in his bed, having been brained with an axe. The mur- 
der was committed, as shown in evidence, about 3 o'clock in the morning. 
Mrs. Kellogg was arrested for the crime, but the evidence against her was so 
slight that she was not indicted. 

Silver Lake, the pride of Delhi, a beautiful sheet of water nearly two miles 
in circumference, when it was meandered by Mr. Bailey in 1837, suddenly dis- 
appeared in May, 1858, much to the surprise and chagrin of the good people of 
the town. At the lower end of the lake, the prairie sloped to the southward 
from the shore or beach, which operated as a natural dam, holding the waters of 
the lake, which was fed by springs. In May, the water Avas unusually high, 
overflowed the beach and soon cut a Avide, deep channel through the sandy soil, 
through Avhich the lake Avas entirely drained, leaving only a tiny spring rivulet 
running through its former bed. A dam was immediately constructed and the 
lake was restored, but in January, 1863 this Avas washed out, not having been 
properly built. This Avas replaced by another, and the lake remained until 
Nov. 10, 1867, when the dam again went out, and the lake disappeared for the 
third time. The dam was not rebuilt for several vcars, and the lake bed afforded 



;398 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 

fine pasturage for cattle until 1872, when another dam was built and the lake 
again restored as it now (1878) appears. 

The rate of taxation for all purposes for the year 1858 was fixed at nine 

mills. 

Celebration at Mayiehester. — In 1858, the citizens of Manchester celebrated 
the anniversary of National Independence in grand style. They had made 
great preparations for the event and invited the people of the whole county to 
participate. An elaborate programme was prepared, Judge Cooley, of Dubuque, 
was to deliver the oration and flaming hand bills were sent throughout the 
county. It was such a big blow for so small a tOAvn that a wag of Manchester, 
with a keen perception of the ludicrous, prepared a burlesque programme, had 
it printed and on the morning of the Fifth, the citizens Avoke to find the town 
thoroughlv " billed." A tattered copy of the document, which became the fea- 
ture of that occasion, was preserved and following is a copy of it : 

HURRAH FOR THE WHITE RED AND BLUE ! 



GREAT EXCITEMENT IN MANCHESTER! 



The secon'l annual anniversary of the lack of independence under the tyranny of Jim Buchanaji 
will he celebrated in Manchester, in an affecting manner. 



ORDER OF EXERCISES. 

The day will be ushered in by the sun rising in the east, as usual. After the the day is dead 
broke, the services will be continiied by the firing of thirteen crackers, to represent the thirteen 
original States, after which the people will form a procession, headed by the Mayor, President 
and Vice President of the day. Soldiers of 1812, immediately succeeded by the regular elect aris- 
tocracy of the town, followed by the military, fire and other companies, citizens, Town Stock, 
etc., of Manchester, under the direction of the Basswood Lumber Dealer, ^acting as Marshal of the 
day. The rabble will then trot up street Franklin, until they arrive at the speakers' stand, 
where a live whang doodle will bore the concourse till satisfied. All will feel patriotic. Powder 
will be burned and blood spilled, if necessary. No expense will be spared to make it a <lay long 
to be remembered — a day not soon to be forgotten — a glorious day — a huge old day — in fact, a 
considerable day. Nourisliment will be furnished in abundance to refresh the inner man, con- 
sisting of regular and voluntary toasts, raw Dutch and Irishmen, whisky pickled Yankees, kc. 

\ Live Ox Will Go Up in a Balloon in the Afternoon. 

In case all do not feel particularly glorious and patriotic, let it be remembered that the liquor 
dealers in town have contracted to make the channel of the Maquoketa River run pure whisky, 
warranted a dead shot at 80 rods. There will be a splendid display of Fire Works in the 
evening, consisting of Roman Candles, Tallow Candles, Oil Lamps, Fluid Lamps, Firo Flies, 
&c., &c. 

Distinguished speakers from Delhi, Acerville and Nottingham will be invited. 



RULES OF ORDER. 

It will be expected that ladies will appear defended by Cotton Breast Works, for fear of ex- 
plosions. It will be considered a breach of Manchester etiquette for ladies and gentlemen to 
be seen together. On account of the timid, no more crackers will be let off during the day. 

Come one and all and help to commemorate the glorious ■5th in this land of liberty, 

Where the Star Dangled Spanner triumphantly waves. 
And the ladies wear hogsheadii minus the staves. 



-Admittance to the incorporation of Manchester, 25 cents. 
Children under ten feet, half price. 

By Order of Committee. 



HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 399" 

When Judge Cooley rose to deliver his address, he carried his audience by 
storm, by a felicitous allusion to the sensation of the day and by good-humoredly 
remarking that his hearers would now have an opportunity of listening to a 
"■live Whang Doodle." After the applause had subsided, he proceeded to pro- 
nounce a most able and eloquent oration. The occasion will never be forgotten 
by those who participated the celebration twenty years ago. 

September 1, 1858, the people of Sand Spring, Hopkinton and vicinity 
celebrated the laying of the first Atlantic cable, at Sand Spring, with Dr. 
Roberts, of Hopkinton, Dr. Gage and T. H. Bowen, of Sand Spring, for 
orators. 

A lodge of the order of " Thousand and One" was established at Delhi in 

1858, L. N. Ingalls being mainly instrumental in founding it. Many citizens of 
the county were taught therein "to see themselves as others see them," and the 
fun is now confessed to been huge and uproarous. Andrew Stone, it is said, 
after receiving his degree, begged, with tears in his eyes, to be kicked down 
stairs. 

In the Winter of 1858-9, the citizens of the county contributed a consid- 
erable sum of money to assist the people of Kansas, who had lost their crop th& 
previous Summer by the ravages of grasshoppers. 

In May, 1859, a citizen of Manchester lost a span of horses — supposed to have 
been stolen — and offered a reward for their recovery. A man named Carl f )und 
the animals below the town and brought him to his owner. Some of the 
citizens arrived at the hasty conclusion that Carl was the thief. A few evenings 
afterward, he was seized by half a dozen men, carried to Allen Love's grove, 
when a rope was put around his neck, thrown over a limb of a tree, and he was 
drawn up several times to make him confess to the theft. He was roughly and 
cruelly treated, but steadily affirmed his innocence. The lynchers, becoming 
convinced of the truth of his assertions, released him Carl afterward enlisted 
in the 21st Infantry, and introduced himself to Col. Van Anda as the man who 
was huno; at Manchester for horse stealing. 

Prairie Township was organized in 1859, and at the October election 20 
votes were polled. 

The first Sabbath school in Prairie Township was established in May, 1859, 
at the house of Thomas Hillier. John Nethercut was Superintendent. Among 
the teachers were Mrs. T. A. Farrington, Mrs. R. M. Matsell, Mrs. Nora 
McCloud and Mrs. Thomas Hillier ; Mr. Alfred Durey, teacher of the Bible 
class. 

The Dubuque & Pacific Railway was completed to Manchester in October, 

1859, and to Masonville shortly afterward, on the 22d of October. The first 
shipment of Avheat over the road from Manchester to Dubuque, was made by J. 
M. Watson, consigned to Chamberlain at Dubuque, October 6, 1859. 

January 1, 1860, Joel Bailey became County Judge. The credit of the 
county had now become sound, and county warrants were worth their face in 
cash. 

By act of the General Assembly, approved March 26, 1860, the County 
Judge system, which had been tried for ten years, Avas abolished, and a County 
Board of Supervisors created, consisting of one from each civil township, to be 
elected in October and assume the duties of their office in January following. 
By this act, the duties of County Judge were restricted to probate powers. The 
act went into effect July 4, 1860. 

The first and only execution in Delaware County occurred in 1860. Some 
time during the previous year, a man named Andrew Ostland had been killed 



400 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 

in Dubuque. N. A. Johnson was arrested for the murder, and after examination 
there, took a change of venue to Delaware County. April 5. 1860, the case 
ome before the District Court at Delhi ; Judge T. S. Wilson, presiding. The 
State appeared by W. T. Barker, District Attorney, and O'Neil and Harvey for 
the defense. A jury was called, consisting of Anson Shelden, Shubael Pierce. 
Joseph Long, G. W. Davis, T. M. Williams, Martin Lanning, N. B. Talmage, 
L. P. Baldwin, E. Ilutton, N. B. Gleason, C. W. Hobbs and Samuel M. 
Slawson. After two days' trial, the jury returned a verdict of murder in the first 
degree. On the morning of the 7th, he was arraigned for sentence, and when 
asked by Judge Wilson whether he had anything to offer why judgment should 
not be pronounced, he replied that he had nothing to say. It was then ordered 
by the court that the said Johnson be taken from hence to prison, and there 
safely kept until Friday, May 18, I860, and that on said day, between the hours 
of 10 A. M. and 2 o'clock P. M., the said prisoner should be taken to some 
convenient place within the corporate limits of the town Delhi, and there be 
hanged by the neck until he be dead, and that the same be public. He was 
taken to the Dubuque County jail for safe keeping. 

On the day appointed, several thousand people assembled at Delhi to [witness 
the revolting scene. A posse of citizens were summoned from the various towns 
in the county, numbering fifty or more, and armed to serve as guards. The 
gallows was built in, and near the northwest corner of, the Court House Square. 
Johnson was led to his death between files of the citizen guards, who formed a 
hollow square around the gallows. On one side of him walked Sheriff Eddy, 
and on the other the priest. Hon. Joel Bailey, County Judge; D. J. Wright, 
Clerk of the Court, and other county officers, walked in the rear of the doomed 
man, Johnson ascended the scaffold with a firm step. After confessing to a 
priest, his hands were tied behind him, and the black cap drawn over his face, 
shutting from his sight forever all mortal scenes. Sheriff Eddy with one blow 
severed the rope, and the doomed man fell. He Avas a large, heavy man, and 
death ensued immediately, his neck being broken by the fall. His body was 
placed in a coffin and buried in the old cemetery at Delhi, where a few rude 
stones mark his last resting place. 

The town of Delaware, on the southwest quarter and the northwest quarter 
of southeast quarter, and southwest quarter of southeast quarter of Section 32, 
Township 89 north, Range 4, was laid out March, 1860. F. B. Doolittle, John 
Hefner, James P. Ball, proprietors. 

The year 1861 marks a new era in the history of Delaware County, 
January 6th, the first Board of Supervisors, elected under the new law the pre- 
vious Autumn, assembled at Delhi, and superseded the County Judge so far as 
the government and management of the affairs of the county were concerned. 
The first Board was as follows : Silas Gilmore, Colony ; Ephraim K. Frost, 
Elk: John H. Burrington, Honey Creek; Daniel Shelden, Richland; Joseph 
Lichteubergh, Bremen; Francis McFall, Oneida; C. H. Carpenter, Delaware ; 
Clement Coffin, Coffin's Grove; Z. D. Scobey, North Fork ; William Price, 
Delhi; William Crozier, Milo ; Peter Richardson, Prairie; Aaron Richardson. 
South Fork ; Samuel P. Whittaker, Union ; C. L. Flint, Hazel Green, and 
Daniel Fuller, Adams. Z. D. Scobey was elected Chairman of the Board, and 
James Wright, Clerk of the Disti-ict Court, was Clerk of the Board. 

At once [)etitions began to flow in to the County Board for construction of 
roads ^and bridges, and other matters that had received but little attention under 
the County Judge system, as no special provision had been made for them 
bv l;iw. 





HAZEL GREEN TP. 




HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 403 

January 8tli, the Committee on Public Buildings reported that the 
jail was insecure, and recommended that the Sheriff be furnished with a 
better office. 

January 4th, the Board declined to direct the County Treasurer, Ray B. 
Griffin, to accept any currency of the Iowa State Bank, at the risk of the county, 
in payment of taxes. 

At the June session, it was ascertained that a considerable amount of swamp 
lands was due the county (see Swamp Lands, p. 211), and on the 6th of 
June George Wattson was appointed agent and attorney of the county to look 
after them. 



POOR FARM. 

June 7, 1861, Mr. Coffin, from the Committee on Paupers, reported recoiu- 
mending that a proposition be submitted to the voters of the county for the 
purchase of a Poor F'arm. Re-committed with instructions, and on the 8th the 
Committee again reported that a proposition be submitted to tlie voters of Dela- 
ware County, whether the Board shall purchase a farm for the poor, and raise 
not exceeding $3,000 for the purpose. The report was accepted; J. M. Bray- 
ton was appointed to draw up such proposition, and on the same day 
the Board ordered the question to be submitted to the people at the ensuing 
October election, when it was rejected by a vote of 219 for purchase to 418 
against. 

This year is marked by the commencement of the great rebellion and civil 
war in the United States. Delaware performed her full share, as will be seen 
under the head of " The War Record," elsewhere. 

In the year 1862, at the January session of the Board of Supervisors, C. L. 
Flint, from the Committee on the School Fund, reported that several persons 
who had borrowed from that fund were not financially sound. These persons 
were required to improve their securities, and prudent rules Avere adopted in 
relation to the management of the fund. 

January 10th, the Committee on Paupers recommended that a farm 
for the poor be leased, and that a suitable person be employed for Overseer. 
On the same day, the. Board voted to petition the Legislature for a tax 
on dogs. 

June 4th, S. A. Holt was appointed Steward of the Poor House, and on the 
6th, F. B. Doolittle, William Terwilliger and Andrew Lord were appointed 
Poor House Directors ; rescinded, however, as to Terwilliger and Lord, October 
21st. 

October 21st, County Treasurer ordered to sell the gold in the Treasury. 
Samuel H. Gookin notified the Board that he was the owner of the premises on 
which the Poor House was situated. This was the "Clark farm," near Hart- 
wick, about a mile and a half southwest of Delhi. The notice was referred to 
Mr. Doolittle, with instructions to negotiate with Gookin for the purchase of 
the premises. 

October 22d, the Board appropriated $1,000 to aid in the support of the 
families of volunteers. 

The Home Insurance Company, of Delhi, was incorporated January 1, 
1862. The corporators were Lyman Ingalls, Charles L. Currier, D. C. Tan- 
ner, R. B. Currier, Rensselaer Eddy, Ray B. Griffin and W. A. Heath. The 



404 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 

two Curriers and Tanner are now connected with the American Insurance 
Company, of Chicago. It does not appear that the Home effected more than 
its incorporation. 

In 1868. the Director of the Poor House Avas authorized to purchase a farm 
for the poor, January 8th, and on the 9th the Treasurer was again authorized 
to sell all the gold on hand — 1300. 

June 5th, F. B. Doolittle was appointed Commissioner, and authorized 
" to net^otiate with the owners of the premises now occupied by this county as a 
Poor House, provided he shall not pay more than ^1,000 for the same," and in 
the event of purchase, the County Clerk was instructed to issue county orders 
for the necessary amount. On the same day, the Committee on Ways and 
Means reported that there were but thirty-nine persons in the county, of the 
families of volunteers, that might possibly need assistance. 

October 20th, F. B. Doolittle reported progress in the purchase of the 
Poor House Farm, known as the " Clark Farm," and it was " Ordered that the 
matter of purchasing Poor House Farm be postponed until we learn, through 
the Agent of the Board, F. B. Doolittle, that the title of the Clark premises lias 
been settled by the courts. 

January 6, 186-1, $1,000 was appropriated " for the support of the 
families of volunteers, and on the 7th, |50 was appropriated for the Sol- 
diers' Home at Dubuque. The poll taxes of all soldiers in the service were 
remitted. 

June 8, 1864, the Committee on Paupers recommended the purchase of 
the Hefner farm for a County Poor Farm, at a price not to exceed $1,000, and 
F. B. Doolittle was appointed agent to carry the same into eft'ect. The Com- 
mittee on Military Affairs reported 406 persons of the families of volun- 
teers in the county needing aid. June 10, the Clerk was authorized to 
draw $1,000 to pay for the Hefner farm in case Mr. Doolittle should make 
the purchase. 

November 17. Messrs. Sanborn, Thompson and Stoner were appointed a 
committee to receive proposals for the purchase of a Poor House Farm, from 
which it appears that the Hefner trade had fiiiled. 

Mr. Jones completed a bridge across Honey Creek, near the present site of 
his woolen mills. 

During this year, the farmers in the vicinity of Forestville began preparations 
for entering into the dairy business. 

In 1864, the shipments from Manchester were as follows: Wheat, 80,156 
bushels; oats, 124,636 bushels; barley, 3,570 bushels; butter, 166,601 lbs.; 
hides, 37,831 lbs. ; live stock, 1,426,000 lbs. ; wool, 11,177 lbs.; dressed hogs, 
647,533 lbs. ; miscellaneous articles, 600,329 lbs. 

On Friday, December 2, 1864, Morris Martin and George Crozier, of South 
Fork Township, got into a dispute about some oats, whereupon a quarrel ensued 
and the parties retired to the road to " fight it out." In the melee Martin 
stabbed Crozier twice, once in the arm and once in the left breast, entering the 
heart, causing death. Martin was arrested and had his preliminary examination 
before Justice Noble at Delhi. He was convicted of manslaughter at the Sep- 
tember Term of the District Court in 1865, and sentenced to five years' impris- 
onment and $500 fine, together with costs. 



HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY, 



405 



Population of Delaware County. — The following shows the population of 
the several townships in the county, exclusive of soldiers at the front, as shown 
by the census of 1864: 



TOWNSHIPS. 


No. Dwellings. 


No. Whites. 


No. Colored. 


Colony 


238 

145 

175 

130 

95 

126 

268 

103 

126 

187 

96 

32 

287 

129 

68 

80 


1,383 
809 
892 
718 
548 
685 

1,419 
584 
682 
964 
539 
161 

1,497 
715 
413 
459 




Elk 


\ 




'} 


Richland 




Bremen 


I 




1 


Delaware 




Coffin's Grove 




Nort li Fork 




Delhi 


1 


Milo 




Prairie 




South Fork 




Union 


4 


Hazel Green 




Adams 








Total 


2,285 


12,498 


10 







August 1, 1864, the Delaware Sportsmen's Club had a grand chicken hunt, 
which began at daylight, and lasted till dark, with an intermission of three 
hours for a dinner near Henry Baker's residence in Coffin's Grove. The din- 
ner was prepared by the wives of the hunters, and many other citizens of Man- 
chester were present at the dinner. The sum of the day's shooting was 599 
birds. The sport ended with a supper to the huntsmen in the evening. The 
day was kept as an anniversary for four years, and was merged into the Harvest 
Home in 1868. 

At the election in November, Lincoln's majority over McClellan was 671, 
increased to nearly 1,000 by the vote of the soldiers in the field. 

Purchase of Poor Farm. — In 1865, the Poor House Farm still occupied 
the attention of the Board, and January 4th, F. B. Doolittle, Joseph Grimes 
and D. P. Baker were appointed to view the Horton or any other farm, and 
purchase the same for a County Poor Farm, if, in their judgment, the price 
was reasonable. 

June 8th, the committee reported that a contract had been made for the 
northwest fractional quarter of Section 18, northeast quarter of southwest quar- 
ter of Section 18, in Township 88 north. Range 4 west, northwest quarter of 
northeast quarter of Section 23, Range 5, amounting to 222^ acres, for 
$2,000 to be paid on this by the 8th day of June, 1865. Payment was made, 
and Jlidge Doolittle requested to prepare plans and specifications for Poor House. 

September 4th, an appropriation of $250 was made for the purpose of 
building an addition to the house then on the Poor Farm. The house was 
reconstructed with additions by Judge Doolittle, costing from $400 to $600. 

The G-reat Flood. — This year is remarkable for another flood, higher, even, 
and more destructive than that of 1851. The water was very high in March 
and about the 19th, trains were delayed for three days. 

June 27th, occurred one of the heaviest rain storms ever known. A heavy 
rain fell in the afternoon, after which the clouds partially lifted. The rain 



406 BISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 

came on again in the night, and lasted till toward daybreak. This rain washed 
out the culverts between Earlville and Dyersville, and the dam gave way at 
Green's mill on Honey Creek. The next night another storm came on, even 
greater than the other. The water swept the wagon bridge at Manchester from 
its foundations, but as it had been fastened by cables to trees, by Thomas Too- 
good, on the west bank, it was kept at home, but worth only the plank which 
covered it. The Hood tore away the embankment of the railroad bridge, just 
below, leaving the rails and ties held together by the spikes over a chasm four 
rods across. The Acers mill, north of Manchester, was swept bodily into the 
river, and the dam at Forestville was torn out. The bridge at Hopkinton was 
swept away and the saAv-mill moved from its foundation. The loss of fences, 
hav and crops all along the river and its tributaries was also very great. 

' The water at Bailey's Ford was two feet higher than in 1851, and the 
Maquoketa at that point made a new channel for itself for some distance above 
the present bridge. The Avest landing of the ford used to be where the river 
now bends at that place. 

David Moreland, one of the earliest settlers in the colony, died April 27, 
1865, at the ripe age of seventy-seven years four months and three days. 

January 1, 1860, the Board granted permission to the citizens of Delhi to 
erect a monument in memory of deceased soldiers. 

The Manchester Manufacturing Company, James A. Ainsworth, Nixson 
Denton and Henry Anderson, corporators, filed for record articles of incor- 
poration December 12, 1866. 

Judge Clement Cofiin, the first settler at Coffin's Grove Township and the 
the second Judge of Probate of Delaware County, died July 28, 1867. 

Tlie Manchester Library Institute, J. G. Strong, President ; J. P. Rule, 
Secretary, was incorporated February, 1867. 

The Manchester Pottery Company, J. H. Stevens, President ; L. Webb, 
Vice President ; T. A. Farrington, Secretary, incorporated May 18, 1867. 

The Live Stock Enterprise Insurance Company, of Manchester, incorpo- 
rated March 25, 1868. Ray B. Griffin, President; H. G. McCann, Vice 
President ; S. G. Van Anda, Secretary ; W. H. Board, Treasurer. 

In April, 1866, a joint stock company was organized at Delaware, called 
the DelaAvare Cheese Company. William M. Hefner, President ; A. A. Enos. 
Vice President; J. A. Garfield, Treasurer; and J. W. Kingsley, Secretary. A 
large building, two and one-half stories high, 24x40 feet, was built, and the 
manufacture of cheese was commenced in June following, and continued to 
operate until about 1872, when the building was converted into a stable. 

June 31. 1866, Mr. James S. Wilson, a resident of Manchester, discovered 
tiiat liis pocket had l)een picked of $80, and, suspecting a man belonging to or 
in connection with one or the other of two shows, then exhibiting here, namely, 
"Yankee Robinson's Consolidation," and " F. J. Howe's Circus," of being tihe 
guilty party, at once secured an officer and had the man arrested. His pals and 
associates at once attempted a rescue, when a general fight ensued, many of the 
citizens were ({uite badly hurt and excitement ran high. Mayor Loomis 
promptly ordered out the militia, a company of about thirty veterans, who 
immediately repaired to the scene of conflict, fully prepared to teach the ruffians 
a wholesome lesson, but the appearance of the militia was all that was necessary 
and the arrests were made without further opposition. The chief rioters, how- 
ever, escaped during the excitement, but were afterward re-arrested. 

The Western Tubular Well Company, of Manchester, incorporated Decem- 
ber 20, 1866. 11. W. Pliillips, I. P. Adams, J. B. Freelove, J. P. Roe, S. M. 



HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 407 

Hoyt, W. H. Tuthill, J. M. Still, G. R. Edmonds and Charles Hoyt, 
corporators. 

In 1869, the sum of $1,500 was appropriated by the County Board to build 
an addition to the Poor House. 

In June, 1869, on petition of citizens asking for an election to re-locate the 
county seat, it was ordered that at the next general election the question 
should be submitted whether the county seat should remain at Delhi, or be re- 
moved to Manchester. The election resulted, for Delhi, 1560 ; for Manchester, 
1197. 

In 1870, by an Act to amend Article 11, of Chapter XXII, of the Revision 
of 1860, approved April 14, 1870, the Board of Supervisors was reduced to 
three, which number might be increased to five or seven by vote of the people. 
In September, the existing Board ordered that the question, " Shall the num- 
ber of Supervisors be increased to seven?" be submitted to the people at the 
next general election. The proposition was negatived by the people, 874 to 
698. 

On Friday evening, January 6, 1871, Edward Kennedy, a respectable Irish 
farmer, living alone a few miles west of Hopkinton, was shot while he was 
preparing his supper, by John Duncan, who had been at work for some months 
for a Mrs. Cook, who lived not far from Kennedy's. No suspicion of foul play 
seems to have been entertained by the neighbors until the following Tuesday, 
when, upon investigation, the old man was found lying on the floor of his house, 
dead. Duncan had gone, but he was suspected, followed and arrested. At the 
next term of the District Court, at Delhi, in April, 1871, Duncan was indicted 
for the murder and transferred to Buchanan County for imprisonment and trial. 

In January, 1871, the new Board, consisting of Ferdinand W. Dunham, 
Joseph Chapman and J. Salisbury, assembled at Delhi, elected Mr. Dunham 
Chairman, and superseded the larger body advantageously to the county. 

THE NEW POOR HOUSE. 

In July, 1873, the Board of Supervisors entered into a contract with N. W. 
Austin for the erection of a large and commodious brick building on the Poor 
Farm, for a house for the poor. The contract price was $4,100, and the house 
was to be completed by the 1st of November following, and was done at that 
time, but some changes and improvements had been made, and the actual cost 
of the building was $5,028.50. To make room for it, the old house was moved 
to the rear and converted into a barn. It is a large two-story and basement 
brick building, affording a comfortable and pleasant home for those persons so 
unfortunate as to become public charges. The people of Delaware may well be 
proud of their Poor House and Farm. 

Gilbert D. Dillon, the first Justice of the Peace of the county and one of the 
clerks of the first elections held in Schwartz's Precinct, in 1839, died December 
20, 1874. Mr. Dillon was born in Ulster County, New York, January 3, 1800. 

The Delaware County Railroad Company was incorporated January 18, 
1875, Richard Boon, J. M. Holbrook, Charles T. Fleming, Benjamin Thorpe, 
Charles Harger, Ancil E. Martin, Henry Harger and John M. Brayton, cor- 
porators. 

The question of re-locating the county seat was again submitted to the peo- 
ple at the annual election in 1876, but Delhi retained it by a vote of 2551 for 
Delhi; 1013 for Nottingham, "known as Earlville;" for Earlville, 35; Earl- 
ville, 24. 



408 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 

In the Fall of 1876, the Fish Commissioner of the State deposited several 
thousand fish in the Maquoketa, of several species, such as, bass, croppies, 
perch, drum-fish, etc. The care taken by the State in preventing the destruc- 
tion of fish during the spawning season must soon result in stocking the streams 
of the county and State with an abundance of fish, adding materially to the 
resources of the State. 

The New Jail. — In 1877, the question of providing additional jail room 
was forced upon the county authorities. The old jail had become insecure, and 
had not sufficient rooms or cells. On the 28th of June, a contract Avas made 
with David Armstrong, of Independence, for the erection of a new jail building, 
at a contract price of ^4,898.3.5. The site selected was a short distance west of 
the brick building used for county offices, on the public square. Work w^as 
commenced about the 1st of July, and the building was completed in 1878, at a 
cost of 3^,158. It is a square stone building, built of the fine stone quarried in 
the vicinity, two stories high, and contains six cells, three on the first floor and 
three on the second. On the first floor is a room for an office, and there are 
two sleeping rooms for the jailer on the second floor. The stone, gratings and 
bunks were from the "lock-up" under the old Court House, in Chicago, the 
ruins of which w^ere taken down two or three years ago. 

The year 1878 is remarkable for its mild Winter. No snow fell to remain, 
and wagons were used all Winter. The Spring, however, was somewhat cold 
and backward, and May 12th and 13th heavy frosts were destructive to small 
fruits, tomatoes, etc. 

THE COUNTY SEAT CONTESTS. 

In the Si)ring of 1869, the people of Manchester gave notice, as by law 
provided, that they would apply to the Board of Supervisors for an order sub- 
mitting to vote at the election of that year the question of removing the county 
seat from Delhi to Manchester. Petitions were circulated in every township, 
asking for the order, and when the Board met in June, the petitions were can- 
vassed and a fair majority found asking for the vote. When this had been se- 
cured, the people of Manchester raised a subscription, pledging about $12,000 
toward the erection of buildings in case they should secure the county seat, and 
also pledged suitable grounds for the purpose. But before the time came for 
entering on the campaign, an unfortunate complication arose among the citizens 
of Manchester as to where the buildings should be located, and many became in- 
different as to the result. The Delhi people entered the campaign with great 
energy, backed by the influence of the Davenport & St. Paul Railway Company, 
whose officers employed the columns of the Strawberry Point and Monticello 
papers in which to make their own arguments against Manchester. Copies of 
these papers were distributed among the voters of Honey Creek, Elk, Union, 
Hazel Green and Oneida Townships just before election, and their perusal 
tended materially to steady the feeling that Delhi was endeavoring to work up 
against the change. The election, which followed in October, resulted in the 
defeat of Manchester by a majority of 367. At the commencement of this 
struggle, the people of Earlville and Delaware also entered the field with their 
towns as candidates for the county seat, but not having a sufficient extended peti- 
tion their claims were terminated by the canvass of the Board in June. 

In 1874, the Manchester people again resolved to essay their strength. 
Petitions were circulated as before, but when the Board canvassed the petitions 
and remonstrances, it was found that the latter embraced more than half the 



HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 409 

voters of the county, which was also the case Avith the petitions. The Board 
decided that the petition was insufficient, and declined to order a vote. 

The following year (1875), the Manchester folks were up and ready for 
another contest. Earlville and Delaware, likewise, entered the arena. For a 
time, Manchester devoted her labors mainly toward thwarting the efforts of Earl- 
ville and Delaware, and at the April meeting of the Board the petitions of both 
towns were oversloughed by the Manchester remonstrance. Having thus cleared 
the ground, Manchester went in to win if possible. Every nook and corner of 
the county was canvassed by agents, bearing either a petition for Manchester(or 
a remonstrance against the order, and when the Board met in June, the papers 
were carried in, the Manchester people in full confidence that they had an easy 
victory. But when they presented their petitions, they were met by the entire 
bar of Delhi arrayed against them, who excepted to some three hundred names 
on the petition as having also signed the remonstrances. The exception was 
allowed by the Board, when the Manchester committee presented substantially 
the same names anew in a document known as a "re-petition," and asked to 
have them counted as part of the petition. On this application ensued the 
severest legal collision ever witnessed in the county, nearly the whole bar of the 
county having something to say regarding the question, which had by this time 
roused every neighborhood to a white heat of excitement. The Board voted to 
disallow the re-petition, but the Manchester committee asked for and obtained a 
ruling that remonstrants might appear in person before the Board, and have 
their names changed to the petition. That night, a meeting was convened at 
Manchester, at which a large number of citizens placed themselves and vehicles 
at the disposal of the committee. The western part of the county was blocked 
out, and early next morning every available team was started out to collect 
and carry the '' re-petitioners " to Delhi. By 3 o'clock in the afternoon, ninety- 
two men were presented before the Board, each making affidavit of his desire 
to be counted on the petition. Another such a day's work would have Avon 
Manchester the victory, but one member of the Board became dissatisfied 
with his previous action, and so stated to the Board, thus canceling the ruling 
under which Manchester was at work, which ended the appearance of voters in 
person. The summary, as made up by the Board, showed a majority against 
Manchester. In August following, the Manchester people removed the case by 
certiorari to the Supreme Court, but only obtained partial redress, the order for 
the vote, which they sought to have granted, not being entertained by either court. 

Late in the Winter of 1876, the community of Earlville again concluded 
to make a sally, and once more the county was canvassed for petitioners. Man- 
chester was awaiting the result of her appeal to the Supreme Court, and made 
no opposition, while Delhi and Delaware did but little. The Earlville people 
were successful, and the Board ordered the vote. As Manchester had done in 
each application for the county seat, Earlville offered $10,000 to assist in 
erecting buildings. The campaign was conducted with much courtesy and 
good feeling on all sides, but when election day came it seemed as if every 
community Avas anxious to throAv a stone at Earlville, for the majority against 
her was an enormous one. 

The political consequences of the county seat struggle of 1875 may be 
briefly stated as follows, first premising that the Board of Supervisors have 
much poAver over the preliminary details involving the order for a vote on the 
county seat question : Each locality gives much care to the selection of the 
Supervisor, feeling that to have a preponderance in the Board is to be well 
prepared for the election. In the Republican convention of 1876, the western 



410 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 

townships, headed by the Dehiware delegation, secured the defeat of Jesse B. 
Bailey, whose name was before the convention, but their candidate was beaten 
at the polls by George Staehle, the Democratic nominee, upon whom the eastern 
townships united almost to a man. The Republican nominee for Sheriff was 
also defeated in the same fashion. 

At the election in 1877, the western townships retaliated by uniting upon 
and electing James Le Gassick, Supervisor, and Charles E. Bronson, State 
Senator, both being nominees on the Democratic ticket. 

HARVEST HOME. 

August 1st, 1864, the people of Manchester arranged for a match at shoot- 
inw prairie chickens. Sides were chosen, one squad being composed of George E. 
TS)good, Thomas M. Hunt, W. H. Board, M. Cotton, J. E. Harker, N. Trenchard, 
A. M. Sherwood, V. Burrington, S. W. Stevens, James E. Green,and the other 
of D. R. Lewis, H. M. Congar, H. N. Cornish, Wm. Houghton, Holies Houghton, 
Thos. Dodson, S. M. Smart, W. J. Doolittle, J. M. Watson and M. Plimpton. 
Five hundred and ninety-nine birds were killed, but the referee succeeded in 
making the result a tie. The next year, the programme was improved upon by 
the addition of a picnic dinner, near Henry Baker's residence, in Coffin's 
Grove, and the annual hunt and picnic was a pleasant annual holiday with the 
people of Manchester until 1868. Owing to the extreme wet weather of 1868, 
wherebv most of the young chickens were killed, the festival was omitted that 
year. In 1870, the programme was again amended by making the annual meet 
a harvest home, and the people of the whole county were invited to join. The 
festival was held at Coffin's Grove as before, Saturday, August 6th. The 
responses to the toasts were made by A. S. Blair, E. C. Huntington, Rev. R. 
Norton, G. S. Bidwell, Col. Van Anda, C. S. Crosby, E. 0. Clemans and 
Prof. J. Piper; F. Emerson, Es(j., presided. So satisfactory was the holiday 
to those who attended, that it was decided to make the harvest home an annual 
feature, and on that day officers were chosen as follows : President, Joseph 
Grimes ; Vice Presidents, A. Parliman, A. A. Strong, S. Emerson, S. T. 
Oviatt, J. P. Ball, J. Le Gassick, T. Marks, E. 0. Clemans, J. F. McKay, J. 
S. Barry, Thos. Robinson, C. L. Flint, Thos. Wragg, P. H. Warner ; Treasurer, 
Thos. Toogood; Secretary, L. L. Ayers. 

The following year (1871), the harvest home was held at Bailey's Ford, in 
the grove just west of the Maquoketa, and was attended by at least 3,000 
people. In 1872, the place of holding the harvest home was transferred to 
the grove on Spring Branch, owned by M. Brayton, near the cold s{)ring 
which supplies that stream with half its volume of water. The railroad track 
runs half a mile north of the grounds, and in that year, through the courtesy 
of W. P. Johnson, General Passenger Agent of the Illinois Central road, a 
harvest home station was established, enabling the whole population of Man- 
chester and Earlville to attend. This courtesy Mr. Johnson has annually 
extended to the harvest home, the subsecjuent festivals being held on the same 
grounds. The harvest home annually draws thousands of people from all parts 
of the county, some of whom meet to renew old associations, some to flirt, 
others to talk politics, but for whatever purpose they assemble it is a pleasant 
holiday, the fame of which brings ^''early guests from far-away cities to drink 
from the crystal spring that bubbles up from the rocky ledge, enjoy the leafy 
shady of the oaks, and consume a bountiful dinner from the well-filled basket 
in some farmer's wagon, flanked with watermelon and sweeet cider. 

H. D. Wood is President of the Association for 1878. 



HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 411 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

THE LAWS OP EARLY TIMES. 

Ray B. Griffin, Esq., of Manchester, has in his possession a copy of the 
Statute Laws of the Territory of Iowa, enacted at the first session of the Leg- 
islative Assembly of the Territory, A. D. 1838-9, printed by Russell & Reeves, 
Dubuque, in 1839, on the cover of which is written, " Wm. Eades, Esq., County 
Commissioner Delaware County, I. T." This rare volume contains "An act 
to regulate blacks and mulattoes," approved January 21, 1839, which provides 
" that no black or mulatto person shall be permitted to settle or reside in the 
Territory, unless he or she shall produce a. fair certificate, from some court 
within the United States, of his or her actual freedom," and give bond in the 
penal sum of $500, conditioned that such person shall not become a charge in 
the county in which such bond shall be given ; also, for good behavior. Upon 
failure to give such bond, it was made the duty of the County Commissioners 
to " hire out such negro or mulatto for six months, for the best price, in cash, 
that can be had." Persons hiring, harboring or engaging a negro or mulatto 
who had not complied with the provisions of the act were subject to a fine of 
not less than five or more than one hundred dollars. Section 6 of this act pro- 
vided for the delivery of blacks or mulattoes to persons claiming them, upon sat- 
isfactory proof of ownership. In less than twenty-five years from that date, 
the title of property in man was washed out in blood, in these United States, 
and Iowa was foremost in the work of preserving the Union from the assaults 
of the slave power. 

HUNTING GROUNDS OF DELAWARE. 

Game was abundant in Delaware County. Deer were frequently seen in 
droves of from a dozen to forty, and it was easy to kill one or two in an after- 
noon. Black bears were common, and a few elk were scattered over the prai- 
ries. Wild turkeys were plentiful. Hon. Eliphalet Price, in some sketches 
lately published, says that this part of Iowa had been neutral ground for a good 
many years, and that the game had been driven in that direction from all quar- 
ters, and had increased rapidly, undisturbed by the Indian's arroAV or the white 
man's rifle. 

Mr. Jackson devoted much time to hunting for several years after settling 
at Hopkinton. He says that he once saw about forty deer between Hopkinton 
and Delhi ; and on one occasion, saw over a dozen elk together between his 
home and Quasqueton. 

The most successful day's sport by any of the early settlers appears to have 
been that of one of Mr. Kibbee's sons, who went to the mouth of Honey Creek, 
some time in 1842, and killed a deer, found a bee tree and captured two bear 
cubs. Whether he bagged a few turkeys, to make good measure, tradition saith 
not. 

Panthers infested the woods, and Charles Benoist was chased a long distance 
by one when returning from the river toward Jackson's. Benoist's \error may 
well be appreciated when he could see that the murderous cat would suit its 
gait to his, stop when he stopped, and dog his every footstep. 

Gillaspie Laughlin's adventure with a panther, which probably happened in 
1845, would be worthy of note in any history. Laughlin and a companion had 
driven a panther into a small cave, somewhere on Bowne's Prairie. Laughlin 
coolly determined that either the panther or himself must die, and, with his 
rifle in hand, crawled in, Putnam-like, after the animal. He soon discovered 



412 HISTORY OF DELAAVARE COUNTY. 

t)ie brute devil, ready to spring at him. He raised his piece and fired at ven- 
ture, mortally wounding the animal, and his dying agonies tumbled both of 
them out to the mouth of the cave, the animal still struggling, and Laughlin's 
clothinc' torn to ribbons and himself covered with blood, but not much the 
worse for his fooUiardiness. 

The odoriferous polecat was occasionally a source of annoyance to the set- 
tlers. Cavanaugh, whose timber land was so suddenly cleared, met with one of 
the unpopular little animals near Ilopkinton, and was compelled to bury his 
clothing, to remove the traces of the interview. 

A skunk was haunting Leroy Jackson's spring house, and one evening the 
animal was discovered and cornered. Mr. Jackson took his gun, and Mr. Main 
took the tongs. It was agreed that after Jackson fired, Mr. Main should pick 
up the animal and toss him out before he began his struggles. Jackson fired, 
but Main, becoming nervous, fumbled around awkwardly with the tongs for a 
moment or two before he grappled the creature, and the consequences were most 
disastrous to the hero of the tongs, who had to be informed that his room was 
better than his company. 

THE BENNETT ESCAPADE. 

Since that portion of this work relating to the Bennett Escapade and the 
freezing of Walls and Day went to press, Henry Baker, Esq., of Coffin's Grove, 
who was one of the actors in that little pioneer tragedy, states that it was Mr. 
Coffin who started out with the ox team with the feather beds, and that he. 
Baker, started out with the "jumper;" that they found one of the party about 
a mile out, frozen stiff; that he was laid across the "jumper " and brought in ; 
that the other was found about half a mile farther and was also brouo-ht in. 
Mr. Baker says : "I and my wife, being young, took precedence in caring for 
the party, though Mr. and Mrs. Coffin did all in their power." It seems prob- 
able that, being younger, Mr. Baker started out the second time to look for 
Warner with the ox-team, and that Mr. Coffin, being older and having had more 
experience, remained to take care of those already brought in. 

TOWNSHIP JURISPRUDENCE. 

The following incident will serve to show the somewhat backwoods state of 
jurisprudence in Adams Township in 1860. Some one had obtained a judg- 
ment against one of the Robinsons in Prairie Township, the magistrate being 

Coleman, of Adams Township, better known as "One-eyed " Coleman. 

Robinson having neglected to come forward to satisfy the judgment. Justice 
Coleman issued an execution to his Constable, who attempted to levy on one of 
Robinson's swine, but Robinson prevented him. The Constable returned to his 
Honor, related his unsuccessful attempt, and between them they arrived at the 
conclusion that the course of justice had been interrupted by Robinson. So 
the Constable filed an information, which Justice Coleman wrote down on a slate 
belonging to one of his children, charging the aforesaid Robinson, says Mr. 
Blair, " with contempt of progress," though this is improbable, as, no doubt, 
" contempt of process " was written, and issued a warrant for Robinson's arrest, 
which was successfully accomplished by the same Constable. Robinson called 
on Mr. Blair to defend him, and his Honor sent to Delhi for L. N. Ingalls to 
represent the outraged State of Iowa. The day came, and in the beginning of 
the case, Mr. Blair asked to see the information. " An' haven't yez seen the 
warrant ?" asked the Justice. But Blair was pertinacious on the point, and 
Coleman at last grew irate. Ingalls sat looking, but no muscle of his face 



HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 413 

moved. Finally, Coleman admitted that the information was not in court, that 
the children had taken the slate to school. Blair thereupon told his client he 
could go home, but the presiding Dogberry could not stand this last reflection 
on himself, and fined Robinson five dollars and costs. Blair then threatened 
either to appeal or to complain of Coleman before the Grand Jury. Finally, 
and before the court was adjourned, Coleman held a consultation with Ingalls, 
who had all the time kept a solemn silence, the result of which was that Robin- 
son was allowed to go home and the fine was never collected. 

TOUCHING INCIDENT. 

While A. S. Blair, Esq., was acting as Deputy Provost Marshal in 1864, he 
was no'ified to arrest a deserter named Reardon, who had become homesick and 
returned to his farm in Adams Township. Mr. Blair reached the house about 
daylight, knocked, and was admitted by Reardon himself, who got out of bed 
for the purpose. Blair told his mission, when the poor Irishman turned pale, 
and went to the fire-place to start the fire. His wife and children then left their 
beds, and Mrs. Reardon proposed to get some breakfast for her husband. Blair 
would not wait, but being touched with Reardon's patient manner, told his fam- 
ily he would endeavor to get him a furlough before going to the front. They 
reported at Delhi, and then proceeded to Dubuque, where, on Mr. Blair's rep- 
resentations regarding the family, Reardon was granted a ten days' furlough and 
transportation home. To Reardon's credit be it said that he returned at the 
expiration of his leave, went to the front and died of homesickness. 

MAP OF BLACK HAWK PURCHASE. 

In 1838, L. Judson, of Ohio, published a map of the Black Hawk Pur- 
chase, that was much sought for by persons emigrating to the wild region 
west of the Mississippi. This map has a " Settlement " marked in the timber 
in the south part of Township 90, Range 5 (Honey Creek). This was doubt- 
less Bennett and Lindsey, as the surveys for the map were made in 1836-7. 
In the eastern part of Bremen, Township 89, Range 3, on Section 23, " Hew- 
ett's Grove" is mai-ked, indicating that Joseph Hewett was one of the earliest 
settlers in that township, prior to 1838. On Sections 27 and 34, Township 
89, Range 4 (Oneida), " Innore " is marked. " Bowen's Prairie " appears in 
Townships 87, Range 1, and 87, Range 2, Dubuque County. The Livingston 
settlement, and Kibbee's place, in the southeastern part of the county, although 
there in 1837, do not appear on this ancient map. 



414 



HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 



TABULAR STATEMENT 

Showing the totals of Real and Personal Property Assessed for Taxation 
in Delaware Co., Iowa, for the Year 1877. 



PERSONAL PROPERTY. 



Horses of all ages 

Cattle " " 

Mules " " 

Sheep " " 

Swine " " 

Other taxable property not enumerated. 



Total assessed value of personal property. 



REAL ESTATE. 



Aggregate value of realty in towns 

Aggregate value of railroad property as assessed 

by the Executive Council 

Land 



Total value of all taxable property in county, 



., , I A^eraze 

Number. ^^^^^ 



9,259125.02 
24,712! 8.57 



298 
2,630 
26,343 



360,676 



29.48 
1.31 
1.86 



8.85 



Assessed 
Value. 



$231,660 

211,888 

8,68t> 

3,441 

48,997 

370,342 



1875,014 



333,345 

245,135 
3,191,821 



t,646,315 



TABULAR STATEMENT, 

Showing the Valuation and Ta.x Levied in Delaware County, Iowa, 
for the Year 1877. 



Names of Townships or Cities. 



^■5 



Colony 8289184 

Elk I 252606 

H..npy Creek I 22530G 

Rkliland 178165 

Bremen | 251174 

OihmIh ' 264956 

Delaware j 277050 

Cuftiirs Grove 241587 

North Fork 175926 

Delhi 237114 

Milo 212625 

Prairie 192693 

South Fork 254743 

Union 176806 

Hazel Green 215619 

Adams 220308 

Maiicheiter City i 292347 

Hopkinfon City I 62140 



8285191 
211739 
228069 
176344 
247912 
280310 
363129 
235056 
178571 
236482 
207805 
195996 
256123 
177384 
227345 
224070 
292446 
62198 



$305687 
255359 
262323 
198266 
316098 
363001 
251985 
298321 
203218 
287778 
234581 
221558 
300076 
204792 
247802 
251761 
390612 
83877 



611 37 8 
510 69 
524 65 
396 53 
632 20 
726 01, 
503 97, 
596 64 
406 44 
575 55 
469 16 
443 12 
600 15 
409 58 
495 60 ' 
503 52 
781 22 
167 751 



1223 74 
1021 99 
1049 80 

792 99 
1264 40 
1452 47 
1007 94 
1193 68 

812 88 
1151 10 

938 32 

886 24 
1200 38 

819 16 

991 20 
1007 34 
1564 44 

335 50 



123 50 
119 00 
118 50 

84 50 
78 50 

131 50 

85 50 
111 00 

87 00 
134 00 
59 00 

58 00 
84 00 
61 00 
90 00 
55 00 

216 50 

59 00 



305 69 
255 54] 
262 82 
198 521 
316 lOl 
363 15 
251 99 
298 52 

203 22 
287 78 
234 41 
222 56 
300 08 

204 79 
247 70 
261 76 
390 88 

83 88 






\ 194 50 

861 74 

1783 80 



474 


12 


352 


98 


327 59 


10 


10 


1849 


09 


586 24 


17 01 




579 77 


15 


64 


;::::::::::: 



352 28 



213 9a 
554 61 
524 65^ 
338 31 
94 83 

1288 63 
503 97 
596 64 
346 66 
643 55 
470 76 
199 44 
607 79 
409 8» 
427 68 
704 93 

2031 18 
503 26. 



84020349 S3986770 84677095,80354 15 818713 57:81755 50 84679 39 87404 86 81(460 76 



HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 

TABULAR STATEMENT— Continued. 



415 



Names of Townships oe Cities. 


H 

£ 
.a 

i 


tas 


X 

H 

a 

OS 

c 


'4 

Is 

o o 


■a 

c 
o 

■s * 


3 




Total. 




$ 1436 73 
1711 67 
1127 59 

908 20 

632 20 
2268 20 
1209 53 
1402 17 
1466 13 
2057 97 
1273 74 
1219 57 
1781 89 

990 77 
1302 40 

805 64 
3710 81 
1006 58 


$ 764 82 
638 48 
656 11 
495 68 
790 24 
907 93 
629 96 
746 10 
507 65 
719 45 
586 45 
553 40 
750 19 
512 98 
019 04 
629 43 
978 53 
209 69 


$ 122 48 
102 11 
104 92 
79 22 
126 44 
145 22 
100 84 

119 42 

81 24 
115 10 

93 84 
88 64 

120 54 

82 00 
99 12 

100 78 
156 74 
33 58 


$ 30 57 

25 53 

26 23 

19 82 
31 61 
36 33 
25 30 

29 93 

20 43 
28 78 

23 46 
22 16 

30 01 
20 98 

24 78 

25 48 
39 06 

8 39 


$ 91 71 

7G 59 


$ 


$ 71 64 
19^ 89 
131 23 

89 26 
27 83 

161 91 
84 69 
208 43 
195 52 
24a 43 
117 70 
203 67 
294 86 

90 77 
146 72 

82 21 
27 78 
11 68 


S 5190 73 


Elk 




6076 84 




78 69 

59 40 
94 83 

108 90 
75 70 

89 49 

60 84 
86 33 
70 37 
66 30 

90 53 

61 94 

74 24 

75 64 
117 18 

25 17 




6388 99 






3462 43 






4563 30 






7943 23 






4806 98 






5392 07 






4198 11 


Delhi ... 




7891 13 


Milo 




4923 45 




3980 11 


South Fork 




5860 42 






4243 63 






4534 12 






4241 73 




3270 71 
332 00 


13285 03 




3128 76 








826311 79 


$11696 13 


$1872 23 


$468 85 


$1403 85 


$3602 71 


$2359 49!$100111 06 



ABSTRACT OF THE VOTES CAST IN DELAWARE COUNTY, 
IOWA, AT THE GENERAL ELECTION OF 1876. 





























Superinten- 




Presidential 
Candidates. 


Secretary 

of 

State. 


Treasurer 
of 

State. 


Auditor 

of 
State. 


Kegister of 

State 
Land Office. 


Attorney 
General. 


dent Public 

Instruction 

to Fill 




























Vacancy. 


TOWNSHIPS. 








, 




i 


i 


^ 




^ 


a 




c 






m » 


5,1 

m 

a 


cs 3 

>-> 


fl c 


1 

n 


1 

1 


aB 


a 

£ 

a 




o 
c 

•a 

d 
1^ 


3 
1-5 


8 

d 


e 

y 


u 

° s 


Colony 


113 


123 


112 


123 


112 


123 


112 


123 


112 


123 


112 


123 


112 


123 


Elk 


163 
137 


87 
47 


164 
137 


87 
47 


164 
137 


87 
47 


164 
137 


87 
47 


164 
137 


87 
47 


164 
137 


87 
47 


164 
137 


87 


Honey Creek 


47 


Kichland 


97 


53 


97 


63 


97 


53 


97 


53 


97 


53 


97 


53 


97 


63 


Bremen 


27 


125 


27 


125 


28 


124 


27 


125 


27 


125 


27 


125 


27 


125 


Oneida 


250 


84 


250 


84 


250 


84 


260 


84 


250 


84 


250 


84 


250 


84 


Delaware •■ 


476 


220 


478 


220 


479 


219 


478 


220 


478 


220 


478 


220 


478 


220 


Coffin's Grove 


137 


67 


140 


67 


140 


69 


140 


69 


140 


69 


140 


69 


140 


69 


North Fork 


68 


89 


69 


88 


69 


88 


69 


88 


69 


88 


69 


88 


69 


88 


Delhi 


142 


135 


142 


136 


142 


136 


142 


136 


142 


136 


142 


135 


142 


136 


Milo 


101 


101 


101 


62 


101 


62 


101 


62 


101 


62 


101 


62 


101 


62 


Prairie 


75 


43 


76 


42 


76 


42 


76 


42 


76 


42 


76 


42 


76 


42 


South Fork 


210 


109 


210 


110 


210 


110 


210 


110 


210 


110 


210 


110 


210 


110 


Union 


77 


60 


76 


60 


76 


60 


76 


60 


76 


60 


76 


60 


76 


60 


Hazel Green 


94 
66 


69 
64 


94 
66 


59 
64 


94 
66 


59 
64 


94 
66 


59 
64 


94 
66 


59 
64 


94 
66 


59 
64 


94 

66 


59 


Adams 


64 


Total 


2233 


1466 


2229 


1427 


2241 


1427 


2239 


1429 


2239 


1429 


2239 


1428 


2239 


1429 



410 



HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 







ABSTRACT OF VOTES.- 


—Continued 












Member of 

Congress 3U 

District. 


Judge of Cir- 
cuit Court 
9th Judicial 
District. 


Clerk of the 
District 

and Circuit 
Courts. 


Recorder. 


Supervisor. 


. 


County Seat. 


TOWNSHIPS. 


4 
•s 

a 
E-i 


1 

o 




i 

1 


1 

n 

•-5 


B5 


a 
S 

1-8 

d 


1 

• 


1 

.a 
a 
s 

a 


1-5 


o 


pi 






1 


Colony 

Elk 

Honey Creek... 
Richland 


113 

165 

137 

96 

25 

248 

469 

135 

65 

138 

100 

76 

208 

76 

94 

66 


122 
87 
47 
54 

113 
86 

220 
70 
91 

140 
63 
42 

108 
60 
59 
64 




I 


112 
166 
137 

97 

27 
248 
497 
146 

69 
162 
101 

78 
206 

75 
101 

66 


123 
86 
47 
53 

124 
82 

202 
66 
88 

117 
62 
39 

110 
64 
58 
64 


108 
106 
13G 

97 

27 
248 
481 
142 

70 
155 
100 

73 
213 

76 
101 

66 


127 

144 
48 
53 

124 
82 

219 
69 
87 

122 
63 
43 

102 
63 
60 
64 


112 

150 

136 

89 

27 

239 

445 

133 

67 

138 

80 

26 

183 

75 

94 

36 


123 

97 
48 
61 

124 
95 

254 
76 
90 

140 
82 
89 

123 
64 
66 
93 


34 

155 

152 

124 

1 

71 
611 
121 

84 
252 
151 
102 
293 
124 
153 
123 


165 

72 

31 

15 

148 

260 

77 

84 

73 

27 

6 

6 

26 

13 

8 

2 


35 




234 


163 
135 
90 
32 
183 
415 
110 
69 
133 
90 
77 
208 
74 
94 
66 


88 

49 

60 

119 

146 

270 

98 

88 

141 

73 

40 

107 

62 

59 

64 


24 


251 




183 






139 
149 








331 


Delaware 

Coffin's Grove.. 
North Fork.... 

Delhi 

Milo 






688 






205 






157 




279 


j 


157 


1 


115 


South Fork 


1 


319 




137 




I 


161 




1 


125 




1 


Total 


2211 


1426 


1941 


1464 


2286 


1385 


2199 


1470 


2030 


1625 


2551 


1013 


35 ' 24 1 3630 



DELAWARE COUNTY OFFICERS, A. D. 1841 TO A. D. 1878. 

(When the county was first organized, in 1841, and for some years afterward, 
the general election was held in August, generally on the first Monday of the 
month, and ofiicers elect entered upon their duties at once.) 

County Commissioners. — William H. Whiteside, William Eads and Daniel 
Brown, 1841—42 ; William H. Whiteside, Simeon Phillips and Missouri Dick- 
son, 1842-43; William H. Whiteside, Missouri Dickson and Simeon Phillips, 
1843-44; Henry A. Carter, Simeon Phillips and Missouri Dickson, 1844—45; 
Henry A. Carter, Lawrence McNamee and Simeon Phillips, 1845-46; Henry 
A. Carter, Henry Baker and Samuel Mulliken, 1846-47 ; Henry A. Carter, 
Samuel Mulliken and Henry Baker, 1847-48; Henry A. Carter, Samuel Mul- 
liken and Daniel H. Thornburg, 1848—49 ; Lawrence McNamee, Daniel H. 
Tliornburg and Henry A. Carter, 1849-50; Lawrence McNamee, Daniel H. 
Thornburg and John W. Penn, 1850-51. (Office abolished, 1850.) 

JUDGES OF PROBATE. 

Roland Aubrey, 1841-44; Clement Coffin, 1844-47; A. K. Eaton, 
1847-50; Z. A. Wellman, 1850-51. (Office changed to County Judge, 1850.) 

COUNTY JUDGES. 

John Benson, 1851-55; Frederick B. Doolittle, 1855-57; A. E. House, 
1857-GO; Joel Bailey, 1860-01. (Confined to probate powers when County 
Board of Supervisors were created, in 1860.) Z. A. Wellman, 1861-65; Jere- 
miah B. Boggs, 1866-69. (Office abolished, 1869.) 

SUPERVISORS. 

(In LS60, the County Judge system of county government was abolished, 
and a Board consisting of one Supervisor from each township was constituted. 
One-half of the first Board served one year and the other half two years, after 
which eight members were elected annually for two years.) 

For 1861, Z. D. Scobey, Chairman ; John H. Burrington, Joseph Lichten- 
bergh, Charles H. Carpenter, Clement Coffin, William Price, William Crozier, 
Peter Richardson, Silas Gilmore, Ephraim Frost, Francis McFall, Aaron Rich- 



HISTORY OF DEL AAV ARE COUNTY. 417 

ardson, Samuel P. Whittaker, Christopher L. Flint, Daniel Fuller, Daniel 
Sheldon. 

For 1862, Silas Gilmore, Chairman; E. K. Frost, C. T. Peet, D. Sheldon, 
Francis Rubly, F. McFall, Noble Ruggles, Abram Parliman, Philip Stoner, 
John M. Brayton, William Crozier, P. Richardson, S. P. Whittaker, C. L. 
Flint, Daniel Flint. 

For 1863, N. Ruggles, Chairman; Joseph Grimes, Job Gildersleeve, C. T. 
Peet, S. A. Thompson, F. Rubly, William Cattron, P. Stoner, W. Crozier, 
James Harper, S. P. Whittaker, B. P. Miller, W. G. Campbell, Francis Schultz, 
William M. Hartshorn. 

For 1864, J. Gildersleeve, Chairman; J. Grimes, 0. S. Boggess, S. A. 
Thompson, T. Rubly, Cummings Sanborn, Ferdinand Dunham, A. Parliman, 
P. Stoner, W. M. Hartshorn, W. Crozier, D. K. Fox, J. Harper, S. P. Whit^ 
taker, B. P. Miller, W. G. Campbell. 

For 1865, 0. S. Boggess, Chairman ; J. Grimes, H. C. Drybread, F. Rubly, 
C. Sanborn, F. Dunham, D. P. Baker, P. Stoner, W. M. Hartshorn, W. Cro- 
zier, George Cowell, Leroy Jackson, S. P. Whittaker, J. M. Ames, D. Fuller, 
H. G. Doolittle. 

For 1866, Joseph Grimes, Chairman; H. C. Drybread, Alexander Loban, 
S. A. Thompson, James Le Gassick, C. Sanborn, F. Dunham, D. P. Baker, 
John Galyean, Samuel F. Parker, W. Crozier, Thomas J. Annis, L. Jackson, 
S. P. Whittaker, J. M. Annis, D. Fuller. 

For 1867, J. Grimes, Chairman ; Charles Malven, A. Loban, Daniel Shel- 
don, J. Le Gassick, Richard Boon, F. Dunham, D. P. Baker, John Galyean, S. 
F, Parker, W. Crozier, T. J. Annis, Wm. Spence, J. M. Annis, Christopher L. 
Flint, Patrick Donnelly. 

For 1868, C. L. Flint, Chairman; Joseph Chapman, C. Malven, C. T. 
Peet, D. Sheldon, J. Le Gassick, R. Boon, Wm. Cattron, R. Norton, Jesse B. 
Bailey, R. Holdridge, John Brownell, H. Gardner, W. Spence, J. M. Annis, 
P. Donnelly, D. P. Baker. 

For 1869, R. Norton, Chairman; A. G. Smith, J. Chapman, W. Cattron, J, 
Le Gassick, Thomas Conner, C. Sanborn, R. Holdridge, J. H. Campbell, Henry 
Elhers, H. Gardner, J. Brownell, C. Malven, C. T. Peet, Philip Dale, J. B. 
Bailey. 

For 1870, R. Norton, Chairman; H. M. Congar, 0. E. Taylor, Charles 
Malven, J. H. Campbell, H. Elhers, J. F. Jackson, J. Chapman, Philip Dale, 
A. G. Smith, C- Sanborn, Albert Boomer, M. P. Spencer, Thomas Conner, J. 
Le Gassick, William Ford. (Township system abolished April 14, 1870, and 
succeeded by a board of three, elected by the county.) 

For 7870, Ferdinand Dunham, Chairman ; Joseph Chapman, J. Salisbury. 

For 1871, F. Dunham, Chairman ; J. Chapman, Jesse B. Bailey. 

For 1872, Same. 

For 1873, Same. 

For 1874, Same. 

For 1875, J. B. Bailey, Chairman ; F. Dunham, H. C. Merriam. 

For 1876, F. Dunham, Chairman ; H. C. Merriam, George Staehle. 

For 1877, Henry C. Merriam, Chairman ; G. Staehle, F. Dunham. 

For 1878, G. Staehle, Chairman : F. Dunham, James L. Gassick. 

Clerks of the Courts. — (The offices of Clerk of the Courts and Clerk of 
County Commissioners and Supervisors were held by the same person,, 
although distinct under the law, until the creation of the office of County 
Auditor.) Charles W. Hobbs, 1841 to 1846; J. W. Clark, 1846-7; C. W. 



418 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 

Hobbs 1847-50; James E. Anderson, 1850-51; William Price, 1851-4; 
James' Wright, 1854-62; Eli 0. Clemens, 1863-8; A. J. Brown, 1869-72; 
G B Beveridge, 1873-4 ; Jerome B. Satterlee, 1875-. 

Recorders.— John Padelford, 1841 ; Charles W. Hobbs, 1842-7 ; William 
Phillips 1847-53; Zina A. Wellman, 1854-5; George Wattson, 1856-7; 
Joel Bailey, 1858-9; Ray B. Griffin, 1861; Z. D. Scobey, 1862-3; 0. E. 
Taylor, 1864-5 ; W. H. IL Blanchard, 1866-7 ; Henry Harger, 1868-74 ; 
Henry C. Jackson, 1875-. 

Auditor. — Jeremiah B. Boggs, 1869-. 

Sheriffs. — Lerov Jackson, 1841-4 ; John W. Penn, 1844-50 ; Isaac Smith, 
1850-3 ;' John W." Penn, 1853-5'; Cornelius T. Peet, 1855-7 ; Samuel F. 
Parker, 1857-9; Rensselaer Eddy, 1859-61; Jeremiah B. Boggs, 1862-3; 
Ancil E. Martin, 1864-5; Wm. M. Williams, 1868-9; C H. Smith. 1870-1; 
Abner Dunham, 1872-5 ; John W. Corbin, 1876-7 : E. S. Cowles, 1878-. 

County Treasurers. — Robert B. Hutson, 1841-2; Theodore Marks, 
1842-3 ; Joel Bailey, 1843-4 ; Drury R. Dance, 1844 (murdered February, 
1845) ; Oliver A. Olmstead, appointed to fill vacancy, 1845 ; Joel Bailey, 
1845-6 ; Ira A. Green, 1846-7 ; William Phillips, 1847-53 ; Zina A. Well- 
man, 1853-5 ; George Watson, 1855-7 ; Joel Bailey, 1858-9 ; Ray B. Griffin, 
1860-61 ; Z. D. Scobey, 1862-5 ; Joseph M. Holbrook, 1866-. 

County Surveyors.— 3 oe\ Bailey, 1841-7 ; John W. Clark, 1847-53 ; Joel 
Bailey, 1853-5; W. P. Cunningham, 1855-7; Hiram D. Wood, 1857-9; 
Henry L. Ryan, 1860-61 ; Charles Harger, 1862-3 ; James G. Verplank, 
1864-5; Henry G. Doolittle, 1866-71; Silas Sawyer, 1872-5; Orin E. 
Noble, 1876-. 

School Fund Commissioners. — John Benson, 1849—51; Joel Bailey, 
1851-3 ; Peter Case, 1854-5 ; John Hefner, 1855-6. 

County Superintendents of Schools. — Horatio N. Gates, 1858-9 ; Ezra F. 
Chase, 1860-61 ; John L. McOreery, 1862-3 ; Rodney W. Tirrell, 1864-7 ; 
Ferdinand W. Dunham, 1867 ; Samuel Calvin, 1868; Jerome B. Satterlee, 
1869 : John Kennedy, 1870-71 ; William H. Merton, 1872-5 ; Robert M. 
Ewart, 1876-. 

MEMBERS OF THE LEGISLATURE. 

Assembly. — Arial K. Eaton, 1850-53 ; James M. Noble, 1856-7 ; Joseph 
Grimes, 1858-9 ; John W. Le Lacheur, 1860-61 ; Salue G. Van Anda, 1862-3 ; 
Joseph W. Simpson, 1864-5 ; Albert Boomer, 1866-7 ; Cummings Sanborn, 
186^^-71; Cornelius T. Peet, 1872-5; Joseph Chapman, 1876-7-8-. 

Senate. — John M. Braytcm (Rep.), 1864-5, 1866-7; Joseph Grimes, 
(Rep.), 1868-9, 1870-1; Albert Boomer (Rep.), 1872-3, 1874-5; Lewis G. 
Hersey (Rep.), 1876-7 . Charles E. Bronson (Dem.), 1878-. 

Third Constitutional Conventio7i. — John H. Peters, 1858. 

TOWNSHIP OFFICERS. 

Colony. — Assessor, Lawrence McNamee ; Clerk, F. A. Grimes ; Trustees, 
Thomas Cole, G. W. Rea and George F. Potts ; Constable to fill vacancy, Rob- 
ert Carrie; Road Supervisors, District No. 2, J. Landis, Jr.; No. 3, H. Hub- 
bard ; No. 4, H. H. Klaus ; No. 5, John Morten ; No. 6, John C. Wood ; No. 
7, A. B. Holbert; No. 8, H. Dittmcr; No. 9, C. Bockenstedt. 

Elk. — Justice, M. Blodgett ; Assessor, Jonathan Fosselman ; Clerk, Jona- 
than Fosselman ; Trustees, J. S. Drybread, C. S. Taylor and R. H. Mason ; 
Constable, H. Wilson ; Road Supervisors, none elected. 





SHERIFF DELHI 



HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 421 

Honey Creek. — Justice, James K. Alcorn ; Assessor, C. T. Peet ; Clerk, 
Seymour Piatt ; Trustees, J. F. Graham, Robert Fishel and Elias Way ; Con- 
stables. G. S. Snover, H. C. Steele ; Road Supervisors, District No. 1, R. N. 
Steele ; No. 2, F. B. Peet ; No. 3, H. Ryan ; No. 4, J. E. Eldredge ; No. 5, 
William Parker ; No. 6, E. L. Jerrod ; No. 7, R. Van Sickle ; No. 8, C. A. 
Grow. 

Richland. — Assessor, W. P. Sheldon ; Clerk, L. S. Sherwin ; Trustees, H. 
Middleton; A. E. LaAvrence, William Weston ; Constable, V. Wheeler ; Road 
Supervisor, District ISo. 2, Thomas Clark. 

Bremen. — Justice, Jacob Klespies ; Assessor, Arnold Bockenstedt ; Clerk, 
F. Rubly ; Trustees, A. Honkamp, A. Bockenstedt, F. Kramer ; Road Super- 
visors. District No. 1, B. D. Naber; No. 2, A. Honkamp; No. 3, B. Nurre; No. 

4, Conrad Schmenker ; No. 5, John Schleikman ; No. 6, John Kenn. 

Oneida. — Assessor, R. H. Van Wagenen ; Clerk, L Wheelock, Jr.; Trus- 
tees, John Cruise, Jr., Delos Gillespie, W. W. Shaw ; Road Supervisors, Dis- 
trict No. 1, J. Box; No. 2, E. Hulbert; No. 3, M. F. Hunt; No. 4, J. Deily; 
No. 5, J. Medland ; No. 6, J. Breckon. 

Delaivare. — Justice, Charles Husted ; Assessor, H. L. Ryan ; Clerk, S. L. 
Doggett ; Trustees, Alonzo Shew, Ira Howland, Lewis Paxson ; Road Super- 
visors, none elected. 

Coffin's Grove. — Assessor, Oscar Wellman ; Clerk, F. S. Harris ; Trustees, 
T. E. Smith, C. P. Tripp, David Buck ; Road Supervisors, District No. 1, C. 
Glitcher; No. 2, G. Trumblee; No. 3, R. P. Harris; No. 4, William Cook; No. 

5, M. S. Van Auken; No. 6, P. McCann; No. 7, H. G. Wellman; No. 8, John 
Conner ; No. 9, H. Hilton. 

North Fork. — Assessor, J. B. Galyean ; Clerk, E. B. Gould ; Trustees, 
Robert Nicholson, J. J. Smith, H. Arnold; Constable. A. Macomber; Road 
Supervisors, District No. 2, Simon Ganser ; No. 3, A. Macomber ; No. 4, Rich- 
ard Cook; No. 5, John Goldsmith; No. 6, Eli Ruddlesdin; No. 7, C. Page. 

Delhi. — Assessor, Samuel Allison, Sr. ; Clerk, Henry Harger ; Trustees, R. 
W. Furman, L. Terpening, Mortimer Smith ; Road Supervisors, District No. 
1, John W . Corbin ; No. 2, Wm. Robinson ; No. 3, V. M. Babcock ; No. 4, An- 
drew Sweeney ; No. 5. a tie on A. Tegard and J. Crosier; No. 6, Frank Real; 
No. 7, C. T. "Fitzsimmons ; No. 8, Mr. Wheelock; No. 9, J. Pettilon. 

Milo. — Assessor, L, F. Muckler ; Clerk, H. G. Porter; Trustees, William 
Crosier, Judson Muzzy, S. R. Young ; Constable, Joseph Kenney ; Road 
Supervisors, District No. 1, a tie on M. Banning and T. Elder ; No. 2, Isaac 
Wright ; No. 3, A. Estabrook ; No. 4, John Wiser ; No. 5, Jacob Banta ; No. 6, 
John Clark; No. 7, A. F. Tanquary; No. 8, E. M. Hamblin ; No. 9, a tie on 

Judson Muzzy and George Belknap; No. 10, S. R. Young; No. 11, H. J. 

Vanfleet. 

Prairie. — Justice, Fred. Durey ; Assessor, Geo. E. Gemmill ; Clerk, H. C. 

Wiley ; Trustees, James Lendrum, Andrew Miller, H. Stiles ; Constables, 

Albert Durey, J. D. Annis ; Road Supervisors, District No. 1, R. W. Porte- 

ous; No. 2, H. W. Lawrence; No. 3, W. B. Britton ; No. 4, R. F. Stewart; No. 

5, Michael Hahessy; No. 6, J. S. Barry; No. 7, Thomas Hines; No. 8, C. W. 

Carrothers. 

South Fork. — Assessor, Charles Crocker ; Clerk. J. A. Rollins ; Trustees, 

G. R. Browder, G. H. Crawford. E. M. Chaplin ; Road Supervisors, District 

No. 2, E. Green; No. 3, D. H. Tate; No. 4, Alex. Livingstone; No. 5, R. L. 

Ambrose; No. 6, John Mullen; No. 7, Thos. Dewalt; No. 8, H. W. Reed; No. 

9. G. II. Brown. 



422 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 

Union. — Assessor, R. C. Winch; Clerk. Ed. Barnes; Trustees, J. D. 
Smith, J. C. Thompson, Wm. Porter; Constable, J. E. Stanger ; Road Super- 
visors,' District No. 1, W. B. Keith ; No. 2, Wm. Loveland ; No. 3, Nicholas 
Wilson; No. 4, Thomas Kelley; No. 5, John Lyon; No. 6, W. B. Wheelis. 

Hazel Green. — Assessor, C. H. Stilhvell ; Clerk, C. H. Stillwell; Trustees, 
S. S. Squires, William Thomas, B. P. Miller; Road Supervisors, District No. 
1, N. Green ; No. 2, W^m. P. Dickey ; No. 3, Clarence Tinkham ; No. 4, S. S. 
Squires; No. 5, D. O'Kane; No. 6, J. Grover; No. 7, M. Summers; No. 8, S. 
Ellison. 

Adams. — Assessor, Dennis Magirl ; Clerk, Wm. Dover; Trustees, A. G. 
Todd, Henry Ehlers, James Robinson ; Road Supervisors, District No. 1, W^. 

F. Titus; No. 2, J. Magirl; No. 3, J. Robinson ; No. 4, P. McEnany; No. 5, A. 

G. Todd; No. 6, J. K. Hallam ; No. 7, P. Beham; No. 8, Christopher Smith. 

SOCIETY OF EARLY SETTLERS OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 

On W^ednesday, January 17, 1877, the pioneers of Delaware County assem- 
bled in goodly numbers in the City Hall at Manchester. E. 0. Clemens, Esq., 
was called to the chair, and Mr. E. Healy elected Secretary. The objects of the 
meeting were stated by Mr. B. H. Keller, after which a constitution was adopted 
"and officers elected as follows ; 

President, Hon. Joel Bailey ; Vice Presidents, J. S. BaiTy, Prairie ; B. H. 
Keller, Delaware; John Magirl, Adams ; L. McNamee, Colony ; John Lilli- 
bridge, Milo ; Aaron Sullivan, Coffin's Grove ; A. A. Strong, Honey Creek ; 
H. D. W^ood, Richland ; A. Parliman, Elk ; John W. Penn, Delhi ; James 
Le Gassick, Bremen ; William Nicholson, North Fork ; Leroy Jackson, South 
Fork ; C. L. Flint, Hazel Green ; S. B. W^hittaker, Union, and H. C. Merry, 
Oneida, Secretary ; L. L. Ayers, Recording Secretary and Treasurer. 

By a vote of the society, the wives of all pioneers were declared honorary 
members. 

The following is the roll of members so far as can be ascertained, with the 
places of nativity and date of settlement in Delaware County : • 

Joel Bailey, born in New York, came to Delaware County, March, 1888 ; 
Henry Baker, New Y'^ork, June, 1841 ; John Lillibridge, Mrs. J. Lillibridge, 
New York, October, 1843 ; Aaron Sullivan, Ohio, November, 1844 ; C G. 
Reynolds, Pennsylvania, 1844; Mrs. S. E. Tilton, Pennsylvania, 1845; E. D. 
Olmstead, New York, 1847 ; Joseph S. Belknap, Vermont, May, 1848 ; H. D. 
Wood, Kentucky, November, 1848 ; E. Tilton, Pennsylvania, 1850 ; G. R. 
Buckley, New York, 1850 ; D. S. Potter, Ncav York, May. 1850 ; Henry Acers, 
New York, March, 1850; S. Knickerbocker, New York, 1851; James Lewis- 
ton, Ireland, June, 1852 ; E. J. Skinner, New York, 1852 ; J. C. Skinner, 
New York, 1852 ; N. Andrews, New York, 1852 ; T. Crosby, Massachusetts, 
1852 ; J. W. Bobbins, Massachusetts, 1852 ; Allen Love, Scotland, September^ 

1852 ; W. Potter, Iowa, November 18, 1852 ; Mrs. T. Crosby, Massachusetts, 
1852; Mrs. E. A. Strong, New York, 1853; Mrs. W. B. Smith, New York, 

1853 ; AV. B. Smith, Canada, Spring, 1853 ; A. Swindle, Ireland, April, 1853 ; 
Jas. McLaughlin, Ireland, 1853 ; A. A. Strong, Ohio, 1853 ; Rufus Dickinson, 
New York, May, 1«53 ; Chauncey M. Mead, Indiana, May, 1853; J. F. Gil- 
lespie, Michigan, Fall, 1853; W. J. Doolittle, New York, October, 1853; H. 
L. Ryan, New York. July, 1854; H. Munson. New York, 1854; S. P. Mo- 
shier, New York, 1854; M. Eldridge, June. 1854 ; William Ryan, New York, 
1854; S. J. Edmonds, W^inter, 1854; Mrs. A. Kirkpatrick, May, 1854; 



HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 423 

William Cattron, May, 1854; B. M. Amsden, New York, Spring, 1854; Jus- 
tin Ilealy, Vermont, 1854 : H. P. Du%, Ohio, Spring, 1854 ; E. Healy, Can 
ada East, May, 1854 ; J. B. Robertson, Prince Edward's Island, 1854 ; Mrs. 
H. Ryan, New York, 1858 ; A. N. Smith, Winter, 1855 ; E. L. Tomlinson, 
1855 ; John Towslee, Spring, 1855 ; Mrs. F. Dunham, New York, February, 
1855 ; I. U. Butler, New York, Spring, 1855 ; F. Dunham, New York, Feb., 
1855 ; W. H. Hollister, New York, 1855 ; A. Shew, New York, 1855; Thos. Too- 
good, England, Jan., 1855; S. G. Van Anda, Pennsylvania, April, 1855; S. R. 
Young, Maryland, Oct., 1855 ; James Dunham, Indiana, 1855 ; Henry Lister, 
England, March, 1855 ; Thomas Hilliar, England, 1855 ; F. Bethell, England, 
1855; W. H. Board, June, 1855 ; A. Kirkpatrick, Indiana, 1855; R. M. Marvin' 
Ohio, 1855 ; A. Dunham, Indiana, 1855 ; Edson Merrell, New Hampshire, Aug., 
1855 ; H. M. Congar, New York, March, 18^6 ; Oliver Cronk, New York,' 
April, 1856; E. Hamblin, New. York, 1856; E. P. Orvis, New York, 1856; 
L. S. Shirwin, New York, 1856 ; B. H. Keller, New York, April, 1856 ; John 
S. Barry, Massachusetts, April, 1856 ; Alfred Durev, England, April, 1856 ; 
Mrs. Alfred Durey, England, April, 1856; R. W. Tirrell, New Hampshire,' 
November, 1856 ; D. Young, Maryland, 1856 ; Mrs. E. Hamblin, Ohio' 
Spring, 1856 ; D. P. Ferris, Ohio, 1856 ; D. Magiri, Ireland, May, 1856 ; a! 
H. McKay, Virginia,. April, 1856; James Clugston, Indiana, August, 1856; 
N. Denton, England, 1856 ; Chas. Paxson, Pennsylvania, 1856 ; John Magiri, 
Ireland, 1856 ; D. Pierce, Massachusetts, 1856 ; G. S. Snover, New Jersey 
March, 1856 ; Mrs.' E. P. Orvis, Maine, 1856 ; A. F. Coon, New York, June^ 
1857 ; H. N. Cornish, New York, 1857 ; D. R. Lewis,. New York, 1857 ; A.' 
Sheldon, Massachusetts, April, 1857 ; Thomas Vibbard, New York, 1858 ; A. 
S. Blair, New York, October, 1858 ; Seth Brown, England, January, 1858 ; 
J. U. Schelling, Switzeriand, 1858 ; J. B. Frentress, Illinois, March, 1860; L. 
S. Gates, Ohio, 1860 ; Mrs. J. F. Gillespie, Michigan, June, 1861 ; S. W. Green, 
New York, 1861 ; E. 0. Clemans, Massachusetts, June, 1855 ; Alfred Coates, 
New York, October, 1854 ; Ann Coates, New York, Oct., 1854 ; Philemon Stowe', 
Thomas E. Averitt, Wisconsin, July, 1855: William S. Adams, from Penn- 
sylvania, 1854; Thomas Cole, New York, June, 1847; Daniel S. Cairl, Penn- 
sylvania, November, 1854; Michael Cole, Tennessee, September, 1853; Thos. 
Carrigan, Canada, November, 1851; Benj. Coleman, Pennsylvania, April, 1850 ; 
Marion Cloud, Pennsylvania, November, 1848 ; Francis Curler, Vermont, June, 
1849; George Conrad, Illinois, April, 1849; Joseph Chapman, New York, 
December, 1850; P. C. Boisinger, Pennsylvania, April, 1847; Wm. Bohnen- 
kamp, Germany, August, 1846; John V. Bush, Pennsylvania, October, 1852; 
Wm. Barker, Rhode Island, 1857; Geo. W. Bush, Pennsylvania, 1853; C. 
Bockenstedt, Germany, 1856; James Dickson, Indiana, 1857; Robert Dickson, 
Scotland, 1851; Wm. Ellis, New York, i860; John Fishel, Ohio, June, 1850; 
Joseph Grimes, New York, June, 1845 ; Wm. H. Graves, New Hampshire, 
April, 1848; G. H. Goodken, Ohio, 1846; J. Hubbard, Connecticut, April, 
1841; Patrick Hogan. Pennsylvania, May, 1845; Hezekiah Hubbard, Penn- 
sylvania, 1846; James Hughes, New York, May, 1852; Harmie Hulbert, 
Illinois, May, 1853 ; Joseph Holbert, Pennsylvania, April, 1855; Jerome B. 
Jacobs, New York, June, 1856 ; John D. Klaus, Missouri, August, 1842 ; 
H. H. Klaus, Missouri, June, 1845; Anton Knipling, Germany, June, 1854; 
Rudolph Keller, Pennsylvania, March, 1855; Henry Kipp, Illinois, April, 
1857; David Knee, Pennsylvania, April, 1855; S. G. Knee, Pennsylvania, 
April, 1855; John H. Knee, Pennsylvania, April, 1855; James Knee, Penn- 
sylvania, April, 1855; Frank Keller, Pennsylvania, March, 1855; 0. H. T. 



424 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 

Knee, Pennsylvania. April, 1855; Jacob Landis, Pennsylvania, April, 1842; 
Joshua Landis, Pennsylvania, April, 1842; Jacob Landis, Jr., Pennsylvania, 
April. 1842; Theo. Ltinipman, Germany, April, 1849; B. H. Lulirsman, Ohio, 
April, 1855; J. B. Moreland, Pennsylvania, April, 1839; George Link, Ger- 
many,' April, 1858 ; Fred. Merten, Missouri, May, 1848 ; John S. Merten, 
Missouri, September, 1843; L. McNamee, Missouri, September, 1842; E. L. 
McNamee, Missouri, September, 1842; Joseph Malvin, Pennsylvania, Septem- 
ber, 1846; John McMali^n, Iowa, September, 1846; F. C. Nichols, New York, 
Septembei', 1852; Herman Ovel, Germany, September, 1852; John Piatt, 
Pennsylvania, September, 1843; Jacob Piatt, Pennsylvania, September, 1843; 
Jeremiah Page, Missouri, September, 1847 ; Perry Perkins, Missouri, Septem- 
ber, 1848; Daniel Partridge, Ohio, September, 1853; James Rutherford, Illi- 
nois, Julv, 1838; Wm. Reueepiper, Germany, July, 1846; G. W. Rea, Ohio, 
July, 1848; A. Ree, Ohio, July, 1848 ; Geo, T. Rea, Ohio, July, 1848; R. 
Steadman, Canada, July, 1855; Chas. Simon, New Ycrk, May, 1849; F. B. 
Simons. New York, April, 1849; Jacob D. Smith, Pennsylvania, April, 1843; 
Philip Stillinger, Ohio, 1855; Edward Smout, Pennsylvania, April, 1852; Ja- 
cob II. Smith, Pennsylvania, April, 1858; Henry Tapka, Ohio, April, 1855; 
John C. Wood, England, June, 1848; R. Wilson, New York, May, 1851; A. 
Partridge, Ohio, April, 1853. 

The society resolved to meet at Manchester, June 13, 1877, and the arrange- 
ment was to have a picnic dinner at the Park ; but the weather being inaus- 
picious, the meeting was held in the City Hall, and the dinner served in the 
Mayor's office. The programme has been published for the second re-union, to 
be held at .Manchester, Wednesday. June 12, 1878. 

DELAWARE COUNTY AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 

The first Agricultural Society in Delaware was organized at Delhi, in 1855, 
the preliminary meeting being held in J. M. Brayton's law office. Officers were 
elected, and the association was regularly incorporated June 9th, of that year, 
with John Hefner, President, and J. M. Brayton, Secretary. The other incor- 
porators were J. W. Penn, A. E. House, L. Burrington, David Connor, George 
Shelden, James Wright, Hiram Kaster, Sealy Raster, B. Raster, 0. S. Boggs, 
Alexander Loban, Marshall Hancock and F. B. Doolittle. A fair was held 
that year, the Court House being appropriated for the floral and art hall, and 
the fair of 1856 was held at the Court House also. It is stated that Asa Belden, 
who had rented N. Wilson's farm, exhibited at the fair of 1855 some wheat he 
had raised that season, and that Wilson competed with him from the same crop. 
A dispute arose as to who should receive the premium ; but how the matter was 
settled is not recorded. 

When the fairs were held at the Court House, an entry fee was exacted from 
exhibitors, which enabled the society to pay its preiniums. The last two fairs 
were held on the land owned by Andrew Stone, just north of the village, and 
hei'e an admission fee was chargef/, the percentage on , premiums being aban- 
doned. It is said that the exhibitions, considering the youth of the county and 
its scanty population, were very creditable, and one or two especially so. 

In l^i(iO, the society indicated a willingness to locate permanently at such 
town as should offer the most substantial inducements in the way of ground and 
buildings. Accordingly the people of Nottingham (Earlville), Delaware, Man- 
chester and Delhi submitted propositions. The society appointed Mr. Robin- 
son, of Prairie, H. D. Wood, of Richland, and L. McNamee, of Colony, a com- 
mittee to visit the i)roposed sites and report thereon. Robinson and Wood re- 



HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 425 

ported in favor of Manchester, the proposition from that town pledging $1,500 
in money and the use of forty acres of ground owned by Allen Love. The 
society met to consider the report, which was concurred in by Mr. McNamee 
except as to the recommendation of Manchester. The vote of the Directors 
split up, Manchester having just half, and the other towns having each a few 
votes. The situation grew critical, but, it is said, a solution was reached by a 
hurried consultation between a keen-witted resident of Manchester and a gentle- 
man who was once Sheriff of the county, and at that time owner of a large tract 
of land just west of Manchester. These gentlemen concluded that a ten-dollar 
bill, judiciously invested, would be a persuasive argument with the Director 
from Union. His vote was won, and Manchester had secured the prize. Her 
delegation hurried home to make a night of it with an oyster supper and the 
music of an anvil. The society employed an attorney to draw up a lease be- 
tween that body and Mr. Love, but that gentleman would not sign the docu- 
ment as prepared. The Board afterward met and reconsidered its vote, defeating 
the application of Manchester and making the expenditure of the ten dollars, just 
alluded to, a needless one, and the society remained at Delhi. 

The last annual fair was held in 1861. The outbreak of the civil war, 
together with the disgust of the unsuccessful contestants for the location of the 
society, tended to impair its usefulness, and the corporation quietly yielded up 
the ghost. 

About 1868, the farmers of Delaware had organized a Farmers' Club, which 
held monthly meetings at Manchester, the records of which are not now 
accessible. March 3, 1866, this club held a meeting in Manchester. At this 
meeting, a committee that had been previously appointed reported that nothing 
had been accomplished in regard to fair grounds. The sam. committee was 
then instructed to call a meeting of the citizens of the county at Manchester, 
on the l7th day of March, 1866, to organize a County Agricultural Society for 
Delaware County. 

On the day appointed, a large number of citizens assembled in Carpenter's 
Hall. A. F. Coon was elected Chairman of the convention, and A. S. Blair, 
Secretary. March 17th, 1866, an Agricultural Society was formed, with the 
following officers : President, T. Crosby ; Treasurer, F. Dunham ; Secretary. 
L. S. Gates ; Vice Presidents, S. Gihnore, H. C. Drybread, 0. S. Boggs, 'H. D. 
Wood, H. Gardner, N. Ruggles, C. Sanborn, James Le Gassick, Philip Stoner, 
Washington J. Graham, J. J. Cleveland, T. J. Annis, James Robinson, N. J. 
Wolcott, A. P. Blanchard, Leroy Jackson. An effort was made to procure fair 
grounds. Several meetings were held, but the organization apparently lacked 
vitality, and after lingeri ig about a year, it ceased to be. 

In 1869, the project was revived, and, upon call, a meeting of the farmers 
of Delaware County was held in Burnside Hall, Manchester, January 30, , 
1869, for the purpose of organizing an Agricultural Society. N. Ruggles was 
Chairman of the meeting, and J. Piper, Secretary. At this meeting a consti- 
tution was adopted and adjourned to February 20th, when the organization of 
the Delaware County Agricultural Society was fully organized by clioice of the 
following officers : President, N. Ruggles ; Vice President. W. J. Graham ; 
Secretary, J. Piper ; Treasurer, C. L. Flint ; Directors, Silas Gillmore, Colony ; 
J. H. Robinson, Elk ; A. A. Strong, Honey Creek ; H. D. Wood, Richland ; 
J. Le Gassick, Bremen ; H. C. Merry, Oneida; A. F. Coon, Delaware; A. Sul- 
livan, Coffin's Grove ; J. B. Bailey, North Fork ; A. E. Martin, Delhi ; 0. E. 
Taylor, Milo ; M. Stimpson, Prairie ; P. H. Warner, South Fork ; J. M. Ames, 
Union; J. B. Dickey, Hazel Green; James Taylor, Adams. Messrs. Coon, 



426 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 

Graham and Flint were appointed a committee on gronnds ; Messrs. Ruggles, 
Coon and Graham, a committee to canvass for subscriptions in aid of fixing up 
the o-rounds. March 19th. Mr. A. Shehlon, who had a tract east of the town, 
proposed to lease the grounds, forty-five rods front, to the Society for a fair, to 
be held in the Fall, for fifty dollars. Accepted. These grounds were after- 
ward leased for a term of years and fitted up expressly for the use of the So- 
ciety. The first exhibition and fair was held September 22, 23 and 24, 18(39, 
with such gratifying results that the permanent success of the Society was 
determined beyond (juestion. 

At this fair, $1,000 was distributed for premiums. In 1874, premiums 
amounting to §1,520.50 were awarded. In 1876, $1,003.00 were paid for 
premiums, and the total receipts were |1,763.17. In 1877, the total receipts 
were §2.205.82 ; paid out for premiums, $1,250 ; and March 5, 1878, there 
was a balance in the treasury of $87.82. 

Anv person can become a life member of the Society on payment of $20 ; 
for five years, $5.00. The Society, in 1876, had 294 members. Officers 1878 : 
President, B. H. Keller; Vice Pr sident, F. Dunham; Secretary, Watson 
Childs ; Treasurer, Samuel Allison ; Directors, John Young, Elk ; A. A. 
Strong, Honey Creek ; H. D. Wood, Richland ; G. W. Long, Oneida ; M. 
Eldridge. Mdo ; George E. Gemmill, Prairie ; Anthony Swindle, Adams ; P. H. 
Warner, South Fork ; John Piatt, Colony ; S. P. Peters, Coffin's Grove ; 
Lumaii Sly, Delaware ; J. Le Gassick, Bremen ; J. B. Bailey, North Fork ; E. J. 
Delemater, Delhi ; W. G. Dickey, Hazel Green ; Wm. Danford, Union. 

DELAWARE COUNTY FARMERS' INSTITUTE. 

This organization was planned and' organized by the County Council of 
Patrons of Husbandry, and holds its sessions annually for three days and four 
evenings, commencing on the Tuesday evening on or before the full moon in 
January. The first session was held at Manchester, January, 1875 ; the second 
at Earlville, the third at Delaware, and the fourth, in 1878, at Manchester. 
Two months prior to each session, topics are selected by a committee of three, 
appointe<l for that purpose. Three or more speakers are assigned to each topic, 
each to have twenty minutes. These discussions, together with essays, addresses, 
etc., interspersed with vocal music, constitute the exercises, all conducted by 
farmers, their wives, sons and daughters. "These institutes," says Mr. L. 
0. Stevens, " have hitherto commanded large and full attendance, as well as 
the profound respect of the citizens of the county, and are a tower of strength 
and influence in advancing the farming and educational interests of the yeo- 
manry of our county. Usually each speaker presents carefully prepared 
papers on the topic in ([uestion. Reports of these papers are publish-ed in the 
county Journals, and many papers have been published entire ; and I observe 
that (ither journals, in the State and out, have copied some of the articles of 
the Institute of 1878. 

" The Institute is a Delaware County institution, and originated here. Many 
other counties of the State to whom we have sent, from time to time, our pro- 
grammes, have also held institutes. The decided mind of the members of this 
institution is, that the Institute is an established institution of the county, and 
will continue to hold its yearly meetings in January as the years roll round. 
Hereby the Delaware County farmers are not only advertising their social and 
educational interests, but are improving and quickening their agricultural 
interests." 



HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 427 

The officers of the Farmers' Institute from its commencement are as 
follows : 

For 1875. — H. D. Wood, President ; Rev. — Streeter and C. B. Kennedy, 
Secretaries. 

For 1876. — C. M. Austin, President ; E. 0. Clemens and C. B. Kennedy, 
Secretaries. 

For 1877. — C. B. Lont, President ; E. 0. Clemens and L. S. Gates, Sec- 
retaries, 

For 1878. — D. W. Jones, President ; E. 0. Clemens and L. S. Gates, Sec- 
retaries. 

PATRONS OF HUSBANDRY. 

May 19, 1873, representatives from twelve subordinate Granges met at Del- 
aware and arranged the 

DELAWARE COUNTY PATRONS' UNION, 

electing L. E. Beebe, President; L. 0. Stevens, Secretary and Local Agent; 
H. D. Wood, Deputy, and John Meader, Gate Keeper. September 16, 1873, 
the name of the organization was changed to "The Council of the Patrons of 
Husbandry, of Delaware County," the objects of which were declared to be, 
" for facilitating the business of buying, filing, shipping, and such other pur- 
poses as may seem for the good of the Order," and officers elected as follows: 
Master, C. B. Lont ; Overseer, Theodore Marks ; Lecturer, Ezra Chase ; Chap- 
lain, W. C. Clark; Steward, Delos Gillespie; Gate Keeper, John Meader; 
Secretary, L. 0. Stevens ; Treasurer, R. Boon. November 18, 1873, the 
Council voted to organize a legally incorporated company, to be called '" The 
Delaware Grange Company." At the time, there were sixteen subordinate 
Granges in the county. March 10, 1874, there were seventeen. 

" The original and leading idea of the Grange," says L. 0. Stevens, Esq., 
"was to secure social advantages; but in 1873, the leading idea among our 
farmers was business, or pecuniary benefit. Hence, Granges were crowded 
with anxious farmers cherishing the illusory ideas of immediately bettering their 
circumstances, of the sooner clearing their farms from mortgages, or securing a 
competency for the accomplishment of other cherished purposes, through some 
mysterious influence of the organization. They did not realize that all changes 
or reforms proceed slowly. As a legitimate result, the new broom that 'swept 
so clean " was soon shortened, and became less effective. But much has been 
accomplished, however, and agricultural communities, either in the Grange or 
out, have received, directly and indirectly, material benefits therefrom. May, 
1878, only five Granges and the County Council remain, but the kindly feeling 
still exists toward all who were ever members of the Order, and the Grange will 
live on until its usefulness ceases to be a virtue — ceases to confer benefits upon 
its membership. 

" In this county the Patrons of Husbandry have originated and established 
a County Farmers' Institute, most successfully and profitably held them an- 
nually for four successive years, and the unanimous verdict each year has been, 
'the last was the best.' The Grange has also established a Farmers" Mutual 
Fire Insurance Company, with a present membership of over 700, and carrying 
nearly $1,000,000 insurance. 

" The Grange, the Institute and Insurance Company bring the farmers into 
closer and more friendly relations, promoting mutual prosperity and success in 



428 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 

all the business of the farm. Farmers need thorough education for their busi- 
ness, and these institutions have aided them very materially, securing more in- 
telligent, systematic and economical fiirm work, and better and more profitable 
results." 

DELAWARE COUNTY SABBATH SCHOOL ASSOCIATION. 

In accordance with a call made by Rev. E. C. Barnes, Secretary for Dela- 
ware County, a Sunday School Convention assembled in the Congregational 
Church at Earlville, December 10, 1867. The following delegates were pres- 
ent, viz.: R. Wilson, A. Nash, Rev. E. C. Barnes, Hopkinton ; L. 0. Stevens, 
Almoral ; Rev. C. W. Copeland, Rev. L. P. Matthews, Rev. M. Fulcomer, 
Colesburg; Rev. W. P. Carson, Epworth ; Rev. J. Bentley, Waucon; Rev. 
T. Thompson, Rev. Charles Gibbs, C. Sanborn, J, S. Harris, Thomas Daggett, 
Earlville; Rev. R. Norton, Rev. A. A. Baker, Prof. Piper, Manchester. 
R. Wilson was chosen Chairman, and J. S. Harris, Secretary of the Conven- 
tion. 

At this meeting, the Delaware County Sabbath School Association was or- 
ganized, and oflficers elected, as follows^: President, Rev. B. C. Barnes, of Hop- 
kinton ; Secretary, Prof. Jonathan Piper, of Manchester ; Treasurer, William 
Cattron, of Manchester. 

The following Township Secretaries were appointed, viz. ; Rev. C. W. Cope- 
land, Colony; R. H. Mason, Elk; J. W. Williams, Honey Creek; S. A. 
Thompson, Richland; H. G. Doolittle, Bremen; J. S. Harris, Oneida; B. H. 
Keller, Delaware; Ira Gray, Coffin's Grove; G. R. Browder, North Fork; 
George H. Fuller, Delhi; F. Albrook, Milo; C. M. Sessions, South Fork; 
Silas Smith, Union; Thomas Guthrie, Union; Samuel Graham, Adams. 

The first annual session of the association was held at Manchester, May 12, 
13 and 14, 1868 — J. F. Zediker, L. Havee and E. P. Weatherby, Committee 
of Arrangements. At this meeting. Rev. A. A. Baker, of Manchester, was 
elected President; Prof. S. Calvin, of Hopkinton, Secretary; Wm. Cattron, 
Man cli ester, Treasurer. 

The officers of the association for 1878 are: A. B. Terrill, President; Rev. 
H. D. Weaver, Vice President; M. H. Williston, Secretary and Treasurer. 
The semi-annual convention, June, 1878, was held in the Congregational Church, 
Colesburg, June 11 and 12, 1878. 

The exam])le of the Sabbath School workers of Delaware County has been 
followed in neighboring counties, and this portion of Iowa is quite thoroughly 
organized by townships. 

POST OFFICES AND POSTMASTERS. 

Almoral {Oneida Township). — Established March 24, 1857, Francis Dun- 
ham; Nov. -4, 18.58, Joseph B. Dunham. 

Amarill {Honey Creek Township). — Established July 30, 1857, Clark 
Bliss; discontinued April 20, 1858. 

Bailey s Ford {3Iilo Toivnship). — Established Jan. 17, 1855, Joel Bailey ; 
Oct. 24, 1857, Amos II. McKay ; discontinued Jan. 3, 1859. . 

Barryville {Prairie Township). — Established July 10, 1857, John S. 
Barry. 

Bay [Delhi Township).— Estahlished Feb. 10, 1862, Ralph P. Andrews ;. 
discontinued Dec. 4, 1863. 



HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 42& 

Campion [Richland Township). — Established Sept. 1, 1857, Ethan S. 
Cowles. 

Cold Water [Honey Creek Township). — Established Oct. 20, 1851, James 
Martin ; discontinued Jan. 20, 1852 ; re-established April 7, 1854, Wm. Roe ; 
April 5, 1855, Wm. Kirkpatrick ; Feb. 19, 1856, Joseph Mansfield ; April 16, 
1856, Israel Green ; May 7, 1859, Clark Bliss; June 25, 1861, Israel Green; 
discontinued May 9, 1B63. 

Colony [Colony Township.) — Established Aug. 15, 1846, David Moreland; 
changed to Colesburg, April 3, 1849, Perry Perkins ; Jan. 20, 1852, Thomas 
Cole: Aug. 22, 1853, Jacob B. Moreland. 

Colesburg [changed to Colony) — Aug. 22, 1853 ; April 20, 1860, Hanson 
T. Wright. 

Colony [changed to Colesburg) — Oct. 3, 1846, Hanson T. Wright ; Dec. 
5, 1866, James M. Potts ; March 23, 1869, Samuel G. Knee. 

Coffins G-rove [CofUns Grove Totvnship). — Established July 24,1849; 
Clement Coffin; March 23, 1860, Henry Baker; discontinued July 17, 
1861. 

Delaware [Oneida Township). — Established Dec. 19, 1859, James P. Ball; 
Mav 8, 1861, Wm. M. Hefner ; Oct. 21, 1865, David Greaves ; Oct. 19, 1870, 
B. M. Gardner. 

Delhi [Delhi Township).— ^stahYished March 14, 1844, Mary E. A. 
Hobbs ; Jan. 22, 1847, Robt. A. Fagg ; May 14, 1847, Chas. W. Hobbs : 
Dec. 20, 1849. James E. Anderson ; April 19, 1850, Zina A. Wellman ; April 
14, 1853, Wm. Price; Nov. 9, 1857, Alexander G. Hobbs; Nov. 19, 1857, 
Wm. H. Gilles ; March 30, 1861, Elisha Brady ; Feb. 5, 1866,. Chas. H. 
Gross: Oct. 12, 1870, Alexander Gleason. 

Delaware Center [Delaware Totvnship). — Established Oct. 1, 1853, Robt. 
F. Korkright ; Sept. 28, 1854, Allen R. Loomis ; April 2, 1855, Henry L. 
Ryan ; April 8, 1856, changed to Manchester. 

Eads G-rove [Honey Township). — Established June 15, 1849, Wm. Eads ; 
discontinued Nov. 11, 1850. 

Earlville [Oneida Township). — Established Feb. 12, 1858, Simeon D. 
Moody ; Nov. 9, 1858, Chas. B. Stowe ; Dec. 5, 1860, Jonathan S. Harris ; 
March 29, 1861, James G. Verplank ; Jan. 28, 1864, Cummings Sanborn ; 
Sept. 17, 1867, Rinaldo L. Jones. 

Forestville [Richland Township). — Established April 24, 1851, W^m. Tur- 
ner ; Oct. 28, 1854, Thos. Hickox ; June 23, 1856, Enos M. Littlefield : May 
21, 1857, Nathaniel G. Luken ; Jan. 12, 1859, Franklin Emerson ; Oct. 17, 
1860, Hiram D. Wood; Jan. 7, 1861, Chas. F. Vincent; July 17, 1862, Wm. 
H. Church ; Feb. 5, 1864, Henrietta Van Kuren ; May 1, 1868, Walter Moon ; 
May 9, 1870, Mrs. ^Henrietta Van Kuren ; Nov. 24, 1875, David M. Noland; 
June 28, 1776, Volney Wheeler. 

Golden Prairie [Hazel Green Township). — Established March 7, 1870, 
Eugene W. Hawley ; June 10, 1872, Charles Tinkham. 

Green Hill [Delhi Toivnship). — Established August 8, 1854, Nathan B. 
Talmadge. Discontinued August 10, 1857. 

Grove Creek [ Union Township). — Established September 28, 1854, Robt, 
Hogg; March 17, 1855, Nathaniel Ingram. Now in Jones County. 

Greeley, late Plum Spring [Elk Township). — Established April 28. 1863, 
Silas N. Talcott; December 7, 1863, Jerome Baker; April 7, 1871, Job 
Gildersleeve ; September 1, 1876, M. Blodgett. 

* Dr. ^ Dix was Postmaster a short time — probably appointed in 1869. Omitted in official list. 



430 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 

Hazel G-reen (Hazel Grreen Township). — Established June 18, 1856, Chris- 
topher L. Flint: December 13, 1865, John P. Dickey, Jr.; January 14, 1869, 
Wni. P. Dickey. 

Hop kinton (South Fork Township). — Established June 28, 1852, Archibald 
Tate; December 10, 1853, George R. Browder; December 19, 1854, Henry 
A. Saunders ; June 27, 1856, Peter H. Warner ; March 29, 1861, R. S. Tay- 
lor; August 16, 1864, Merit Harmon; August 20, 1866, Wm. E. Brown; 
December 18, 1867, Peter H. Warner ; August 11, 1869, Chas. E. Merrian. 

Hirtwick {Delhi Toivnship). — Established January 20, 1853, John W. 
Clark ; June 1, 1861, James Melindy. Discontinued September 24, 1861. 

Manchester (^Delaware Toivnship). — Established April 8, 1856, Ozias P. 
Reeves; May 26, 1857, Samuel R. Young; August 24, 1857, Harvey J. 
Brown ; October 17, 1861, Horace N. Cornish ; May 6, 1865, Edward Burn- 
side : August 14, 1866, James L. Noble ; April 5, 1869, Wm. C. Cawley ; 
reappointed March 12. 1873, Wm. C. Cawley. 

Masonville {Coffins Grove Township). — Established February 18, 1860, 
Henry H. Tubbs; June 1, 1861, Wm. A. Crowther ; May 17, 1864, Andrew 
J. Pease ; March 4, 1870, Lucius Kinsman ; August 1, 1872, Reuben Norton. 
Mangoldville {Hazel G-reen Township). — Established Dec. 19, 1864, Car- 
oline M. Mangold; discontinued April 10, 1866. 

MUo [Milo Tow w.?/«».— Established July 12,1868, 0. E. Taylor; discon- 
tinued March 18, 1872. 

3fount Hope {Richland Township). — Established June 20, 1851, James A. 
Ginger : Dec. 14, 1853, Stephen R. Reynolds ; June 8, 1861, Elliott D. Stone; 
discontinued Oct. 20, 1671. 

Orrin Glen {Honey Creek Township). — Established Oct. 23. 1851, Orrin 
S. Boggs ; changed April 7, 1854, to Cold Water. 

Plum Creek (North Fork Township). — Established Dec. 12, 1855 ; Elias 
Parker ; discontinued Nov. 27. 1857. 

Plum Spring (Elk To?f«.s-A2/?).— Established Oct. 30, 1854, Elias Hutton ; 
Nov. 21. 1855, William Cattron ; Feb. 29, 1860, Jonas L. Coolidge ; Sept. 23, 
1861, Silas N. Talcott ; changed April 28, 1863, to Greeley. 

Poultney {Elk Totunship). — Established Sept. 28, 1851, Hiram Cooper; 
discontinued July 9, 1860. 

Rockville {North Fork Toivnship). — Established June 15, 1846, Oliver A. 
Olmstead ; .July 7, 1847, Philip B Hogan ; Feb. 9, 1849, I. M. Custer ; dis- 
continued June 19, 1862; re-established March 28, 1873, George Ruddlesden; 
April 9, 1874, Frederick Mueller ; March 15, 1878, Charles P. Georgen. 

Sand Creek (Prairie Township). — Established June 11, 1862, John Miller; 
discontinued Jan. 19, 1864. 

Sand Spring (South Fork Toivnship). — Established June 19, 1858, Truman 
H. Bowen; April 16, I860, William Gline ; Jan. 30, 1861, Edward H. Sel- 
lers ; April 25, 1863, Robert Elliott ; Dec. 17, 1863, Orson Henry ; May 18, 
1870, Stephen R. Tuttle ; Oct. 20, 1864, Gilbert H. Brown. 

Spring Brancli {Milo Township). — Established April 4, 1854, Herman 
Annis ; discontinued April 8, 1856. 

Tower Hill (Ada^nn Township).) — Established Jan. 29, 1856, James Crom- 
well : Sept. 1, 1858, Michael Beacom, Jr. ; Aug. 13, 1863, James Cromwell ; 
May 26, 1871, Bradford W. Kenyon. 

Uniontown { Union Toivushiji). — Established Sept. 27, 1853, Aaron P. 
Blanchard ; Dec. 2. 1856, Simon Hussey ; July 20. 1860, Moses Mallory ; 
May 12, 1862. .John Mallory: Nov. 10, 1871, Hiram F. Cotton; Aug. 18, 



HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 431 

1873, Edward F. Barnes; June 28, 1876, Miss Alice F. Barnes; Nov. 23, 
1876, Benjamin P. Miller. 

Viola iyColony Township). — Established Feb. 16, 1852, Joseph D. Walker; 
March 20, 1854, John Piatt ; Feb. 8, 1855, Joseph D. Walker ; Dec. 24, 
1858, Jacob Piatt ; discontinued Nov. 9, 1859. 

Yankee Settlement {Honey Creek Township). — Established Jan 12, 1848, 
Bohan Noble; March 23, 1855, F. B. Peet ; now in Clayton County. 

York {Honey Creek Township). — Established Dec. 12, 1855, George W. 
Stewart ; Aug. 5, 1856, Samuel Weeks ; Oct. 10, 1856, George L. Zabriskie ; 
Nov. 9, 1857, Wm. R. Stewart; Sept. 9, 1861, George W. Stewart; Jan. 24, 
1863, Clara M. Stewart ; Nov. 3, 1865, Selden F. Bush ; Nov. 25, 1867, 
Abiel N. Arcott ; discontinued Nov. 17, 1875. 

Petersburg {Bremen Township). — Established March 7, 1874, Barney 
Sasson ; March 16. 1875, Frederick Rubley. 

Grove Creek {Union Township). — Established October 26, 1874, James 
H. Hogg. 

THE DELAWARE COUNTY MUTUAL FIRE AND LIGHTNING 
INSURANCE COMPANY. 

This company was first organized as the North Fork Township Farmers' 
Mutual Fire Insurance Company, March 16, 1872, with the following officers : 
President, C. M. Austin; Secretary, Wm. C. Clark; Treasurer, Samuel Evans; 
Directors, C. Page, H. Arnold, R. Gardner, S. Evans, W. C. Clark, R. Nich- 
olson, H. M. Bailey, C. M. Austin, N. Haas. 

Sixty policies were issued June 1, 1872, covering insurance for over fifty 
thousand dollars, the amount required by law to make the company holden for 
losses, etc. 

June 17, 1873, the County Council of the Patrons of Husbandry organized 
the Delaware County Farmers' Mutual Fire and Lightning Insurance Com- 
pany. The first officers were : President, C. M. Austin ; Secretary, Wm. C. 
Clark ; Treasurer, L. E. Beebe ; Executive Committee, William Ball, L. 0. 
Stevens, C. B. Lont; Directors, L. E. Beebe, C. B. Lont, William Ball, C. M. 
Austin, Wm. C. Clark, L. D. Cross, X. F. Coon, L. 0. Stevens, R. Boon, 
John Livingston, H. D. Wood, Frank K. Smith, T. N. Williamson, D. W. 
Jones, P. D. Trowbridge, W. W. Mathews. 

The North Fork Company was merged in the County Company December 
3, 1873. The annual meeting is on the last Tuesday of September in each 
year, at Delaware. The officers for 1878 are as follows : President, C. M. 
Austin ; Secretary, L. 0. Stevens ; Treasurer, C. B. Lont ; Executive Com- 
mittee, E. 0. Clemens, John Cruise, Jr., Henry Miller. Directors — Joseph 
Grimes, Colony Township ; James Le Gassick, Bremen ; A. B. Wheeless, North 
Fork ; C. H. Recketts, South Fork ; Henry Miller, Elk ; John Cruise, Jr., 
Oneida; D. M. Smith, Delhi; Amos G. Smith, Union; J. E. Eldridge, Honey 
Creek; E. 0. Clemens, Delaware; M. Eldredge, Milo ; S. S. Squires, Hazel 
Green; A. E. Lawrence, Richland; T. E. Smith, Coffin's Grove; T. J. 
Annis, Prairie ; Henry Elders, Adams. 

The company has had a constant and steady growth, till now it is approxi- 
mating one million dollars in insurance, and embraces among its members the 
most wealthy, cautious and intelligent farmers of the county. Its membership 
is over seven hundred members. It probably will report some eight hundred 
members at the next annual meeting, and above one million dollars in insurance. 



432 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 

The capital stock of the company is the real estate of its members, and the 
members have the use of its funds till needed to pay losses. 

THE DELAWARE DAIRY SYSTEM. 

About twenty years ago, the farmers of Delaware began to turn their atten- 
tion to tlie dairy, and gradually the industries of the county have changed, until 
now (1878) it has become one of the leading dairy counties in the State, and 
the manufacture of butter, cheese and raising pork have been its leading agricul- 
tural interests. Delaware butter commands the highest prices in Eastern mar- 
kets. Manchester has become the great butter market of Iowa, rivaling that of 
anv other State in the Northwest, and immense quantities of the dairy products 
of the county are shipped every week. In 18.58 or 18.59, George Acres and 
Wattson Childs of Delaware Township began the manufacture of cheese, and in 
1862, Mr Acres was working up the milk of about thirty cows. In a public 
address, delivered last Winter before the Dairymen's Association, Mr. Childs 
stated that he was obliged to peddle out his cheese for two or three years when 
he first commenced, and used to realize eight or ten cents a pound, mainly in 
trade. 

Asa C. Bowen, who began cheese making in 1858, just south of the county 
line, says that while in the mercantile business in Hopkinton in 1856, he brought 
butter to that town from Albany, selling it at 33 J cents a pound, ^nd A. R. 
Loomis brought butter to Manchester from Marengo, Illinois about the same 
time. The introduction of the cheese vat, Mr. Bowen says, made the handling 
of large quantities of milk comparatively easy, and he was among the first to 
bring the improved plan into use in Iowa. 

In June, 1866, the Delaware Cheese Company was organized at Delaware ; 
William M. Hefner, President, and K. W. Kingsley, Secretary. A building 
was erected there 24x40 feet, two and a half stories, and an experienced cheese 
maker from Madison County, New York, engaged to take charge of the factory, 
which commenced operations during the month of June. It continued in opera- 
tion until about 1872, when it suspended, and the building was converted into a 
stable. 

A cheese factory was established at Almoral in 1870, which had a remu- 
nerative run until 1875, wheYi cheese making was given up, and butter only manu- 
factured ; which was kept open two seasons, but with indifferent success. Soon 
after, R. L. and 0. E. Taylor built a cheese factory in Milo ToAvnship, Avhich 
was very skillfully managed, but in 1877, cheese making was given up, and 
butter made in stead. It was found that making butter was more profitable 
than clieese, and now comparatively little cheese is manufactured. 

The first stimulus to the butter industry was given by L. A. Loomis, of 
Manchester, who made a contract in 1862 with the Northwestern Packet Com- 
pany to supply its boats with butter. Buying for cash only, although at the 
low rate of eight or nine cents a pound, he became master of the situation, and 
would take only the best offered. Mr. Loomis bought butter without opposition 
until 1864, when W. G. Keriyon began to buy, followed in 1867 by Percival & 
Ayers, which made (competition quite sharp. 

The manufacture of butter increased steadily until 1872, when 

THE CREAMERY SYSTEM 

was introduced by Mr. John Stewart, and gave the dairy business of the county 
a powerful impetus. Mr. Stewart had been dealing in dairy products for sev- 
eral years, when, in 1872, he built the first creamery or butter factory in the 



HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 433 

county, and, it is thought, the first in the State, on Spring Branch, near E. 
Packer's, three or four miles east of Manchester. Here he commenced buyin*^'- 
milk of the surrounding farmers, and making the cream into butter, according 
to the most approved methods practiced by Eastern dairymen. His business 
increased, and the following year he established similar ''creameries" at Yan- 
kee Settlement, Forestville, Ward's Corners and other places. 

A. C. Clark & Company started a creamery at Manchester, in 1874, and at 
Masonville, in 1875. 

Having obtained the first premium for butter for several years at St. Louis, 
in 1876 Mr. Stewart determined to compete for the golden prize offered at the 
international Centennial Exposition, at Philadelphia, and received the gold medal 
for the best butter in the world. His success at once removed the prejudice 
existing in New York and other Eastern markets against Western, and espe- 
cially Iowa, butter, and placed Delaware butter very high in the estimation of 
dealers and consumers, and the best grades soon commanded a higher price than 
the best New York creamery butter. 

The award of this medal to Delaware and Iowa was of almost incalculable 
benefit to the county and State, and is worth to the farmers of the State many 
hundred thousand dollars annually. Mr. Stewart is of the opinion that this 
region possesses certain peculiarities of climate ai^id soil that give it superiority 
over other dairy districts. 

An association of the dairymen was formed at Manchester, in Eebruary, 
1877, under the name of "Northwestern Iowa Dairymen's Association." The 
meeting continued two days, and much instruction was given and received. 
John Stewart was elected President, and Col. R. M. Littler, of Davenport, was 
chosen Secretary. The association met at Manchester, in February, 1878, with 
added unmbers and increased interest. 

From abroad came Messrs. Folsora, J. N. Reall and Francis D. Moulton, of 
New York ; Mr. McGlincey, Secretary of the Dairy Board of Trade, Elgin, 
111., and A. Ondesleys, Baltimore. The subjects discussed covered the whole 
business of dairying, from raising grass to shipping butter and cheese to 
market, 

Mr. L. 0. Stevens furnishes a description of the creamery at Almoral, which 
will answer, in a general way, to describe the system pursued : 

The Almoral Creamery was established in 1876, under the firm name of " The Almoral Dai- 
rymen's Company." It is an incorporated company, with a capital stock not exceeding §10,000. 
Farmers are the stockholders. Farmers, not stockholders, patronize the institution, receiving 
for their milk, or rather the butter product — for butter entirely is made at this creamery — their 
pro rata share of the net sale in market of the butter, deducting all expenses, viz.: rents, ice, 
marketing, commissions, brokerage, etc. The butter is shipped weekly, and in warm weather in 
a refrigerator car, from Manchester to New York. The company's works are equal to 500 cows. 
Our average hitherto has been 150 cows. Our building is thoroughly titted, with flagstones, laid 
in cement, as the ground work, with all needful tanks, ventilation, etc., and with all requisites 
for siveetness and nearness. We require the manufacturer of the butter to be scrupulously tidy in 
all branches of the business ; and also, all packages of butter to be placed on track free from 
stains and carelessness ; the milk to be delivered in first-class condition, as respects neatness in 
milking, and proper care as to cleanliness of cans and cooling of the milk. We propose at this 
creamery never to make either skim butter or skim cheese; but to ever make the best article 
possible of cream butter, and to continue to fight it out, steadily and protractedly, " on that line." 

We regard the sour milk returned to the patrons of the creamery worth a very large per 
cent, in the raising of calves to replenish the dairy and young stock hogs. Whey is compara- 
tively valueless, compared with sour milk, and there exists no substitute for sour milk for calves 
and pigs. As we run our creamery, we find it profitable, and are contented to run it in our (the 
farmers') best interest. 

The creameries now in successful operation in the county are owned and 
located as follows : Wm. & John Hollister, H. D. Wood, H. D. Cowles, Rich- 



431 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 

land Township ; E. H. & J. Durfey, Mr. Warwick, Calvin Fenner, Honey 
Creek : Almoral Dairy Company, L. E. Beebe, Oneida ; M. Breyton, A. S. 
Coon, Wattson Childs, L. A. Loomis, Delaware ; H. P. Chapman, Harris k 
Turner (two). Houseman & Loomis, Coffin's Grove; Taylor Brothers, Milo ; 
B. Thorpe, Sr., S. Allison, Sr., Delhi ; E. Healy, North Fork ; John D. Mc- 
Vay, Lerov Jackson, John Stewart (makes cheese also). South Fork ; Fred 
Dickey, Hazel Green, and one also in Union. The private dairies managed on 
the creamery plan are : Lemuel Parker, Oneida ; R. J. Jones, Daniel Chase, 
Elk ; John B. Frentress, Mr. White, J. H. Edmonds, Elk ; Peter Lux, Delhi ; 
S. J. Edmonds. Delaware. 

The production for 1877 was largely in excess of any previous year, and the 
value of butter and cheese shipped was not far from half a million dollars. 
Over 1,200.000 pounds of butter was sent from Manchester. The product is 
shipped in refrigerator cars twice a week, and most of it goes to New York. 
Manufacturers estimate that the dairy product of the county for 1878 will be 
materially greater than in 1877. Mr. Stewart thinks the shipments of butter 
for Manchester alone this year Avill reach the enormous quantity of 1,500,000 
pounds. Very large quantities are also shipped from Earlville and other rail- 
way stations m the county, and Delaware stands at the head of the list of 
dairy counties in Iowa. 

NURSERIES. 

. The nursery business in Delaware County was commenced by F. B. Doolittle, 
at Delhi, Avho planted three bushels of apple seeds,- in the Spring of 1851, on 
a piece of ground adjoining the town plat on the east. In the Fall, he took up 
the seedling trees, stored them in his cellar, grafted them during the Winter and 
put them out the following Spring. He continued this process, planting three 
bushels of seed every Spring for four years, until he had put out a million trees. 
He also engaged in raising pear, plum and quince trees, small fruit, grape 
vines, etc., and ornamental trees pretty extensively. For some years all North- 
ern Iowa, for 100 to 150 miles, Avas supplied with fruit trees from Doolittle's 
nurseries at Delhi. In the Fall of 1854, he had 100,000 grafted apple trees 
ready for market, and several hundred thousand of younger trees ; but dui'ing 
the severe Winter of 1^55-6, about one-third of them were killed. He had 
about one hundred varieties of apples, and of these the old and favorite varie- 
ties considered most hardy in Michigan, such as the Baldwin and the , * 

suffered the most. In 18G5, he ceased planting and raising trees, etc., for market, 
and closed the business as soon as he disposed of his stock then on hand. Judge 
Doolittle has now (1878) a very fine orchard of twenty acres, but he does not 
consider Iowa a good fruit region. The trees do not bear as well as in Eastern 
States, and, owing to rapid growth, are more liable to be Winter-killed. 

In 1856, Charles Hai'ding started in the nursery business, about half a mile, 
northeast of Delhi ; but he was unfortunate in business in 1857, and his nur- 
sery passed into the hands of Mr. Brayton. 

John Porter commenced an evergreen and grapevine nursery, of one acre, 
on the northeast quarter of Section 17, 88, 4, a short distance north of Delhi, in 
1860. Successful from the start, his business has increased, until now (1878) he 
has five acres devoted to his specialties. 

In 1864, John Piatt, Estp, established what is called the " Hardy Variety 
Nursery," five miles southeast of Colesburg, intending it for local trade in Del- 
aware, Dubuque and Clayton Counties, raising chiefiy hardy varieties of apple 
and crab trees and grapevines. His sales average from 10,000 to 12,000 trees 
and vines per year. 



HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUiVTY. 435. 

Charles Harger commenced an evergreen and grape nursery on Out-lot No, 
2, in Delhi, in 1870, which he conducted with such skill and success that, at. 
the time of his decease, June 5, 1875, he had added four more out-lots, viz., 
Nos. 11, 14, 23 and 20, all devoted to his flourishing business. The nursery 
is still owned by his widow, Mrs. H. C. Harger, and managed by her late hus- 
band's brother, Henry Harger, Esq., of Delhi. 

WAR RECORD. 

If there is any one thing more than another of which the people of the 
Northern States have reason to be proud, it is of the record they made dur- 
ing the dark and bloody days when red-handed rebellion raised its hideous head, 
and threatened the life of the nation. When the war was forced upon the coun- 
try, the people were quietly pursuing the even tenor of their ways, doing what- 
ever their hands found to do — working the mines, making farms or cultivating 
those already made, erecting homes, founding cities and towns, building shops 
and manufactories — in short, the country was alive with industry and hopes for 
the future. The people were just recovering from the depression and losses inci- 
dent to the financial panic of 1857. The future looked bright and promising, 
and the industrious and patriotic sons and daughters of the Free States were 
buoyant wuth hope, looking forward to the perfecting of new plans for the en- 
surement of comfort and competence in their declining years; they little heeded 
the mutterings and threatenings of treason's children in the Slave States of the 
South. True sons and descendants of the heroes of the "times that tried men's 
souls" — the struggle for American independence — they never dreamed that 
there was even one so base as to dare attempt the destruction of the Union of 
their fathers — a government baptized with the best blood the world ever knew. 
While immediately surrounded with peace and tranquility, they paid but little 
attention to the rumored plots and plans of those who lived and grew rich from 
the sweat and toil, blood and flesh of others — aye, even traflicked in the offspring 
of their own loins. Nevertheless, the war came with all its attendant horrors. 

April 12, 1861, Fort Sumter, at Charleston, South Carolina, Maj. Ander- 
son, U. S. A., commandant, was fired upon by rebels in arms. Although basest 
treason, this first act in the bloody reality that followed was looked upon as the 
mere bravado of a few hot-heads — the act of a few fire-eaters whose sectional 
bias and freedom and hatred was crazed by the excessive indulgence in intoxicat- 
' ing potations. When, a day later, the news was borne along the telegraph wires 
that Maj . Anderson had been forced to surrender to what had first been regarded 
as a drunken mob, the patriotic people of the North were startled from their 
dreams of the future, from undertakings half completed, and made to realize that 
behind that mob there was a dark, deep and well organized purpose to destroy 
the government, rend the Union in twain, and out of its ruins erect a slave oli- 
garchy, wherein no one would dare question their right to hold in bondage the 
sons and daughters of men whose skins were black, or who, perchance, through 
practices of lustful natures, were half or quarter removed from the color that 
God, for his own purposes, had given them. But they " reckoned without their 
host." Their dreams of the future, their plans for the establishment of an 
independent confederacy, were doomed from their inception to sad and hitler 
disa]:)pointment. 

' Immediately upon the surrender of Fort Sumter, Abraham Lincoln- 
America's martyr President, who, but a few short weeks before, had taken the 
oath of office as the nation's chief executive, issued a proclamation calling for 
75,000 volunteers for three months. The last word had scarcely been taker. 



436 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 

from the electric wires before the call was filled. Men and money were counted 
out by hundreds and thousands. The people who loved their whole govern- 
ment could not give enough. Patriotism thrilled and vibrated and pulsated 
through every heart. The farm, the workshop, the office, the pulpit, the bar, 
the bench, the college, the school house, every calling offered its best men, their 
lives and fortunes in defense of the government's honor and unity. Party lines 
were for the time ignored. Bitter Avords, spoken in moments of political heat, 
were forgotten and forgiven, and, joining hands in a common cause, they 
repeated the oath of America's soldier-statesman : " By the Great Eternal, 
the Union must aiid shall he preserved!" 

Seventy-five thousand men were not enough to subdue the rebellion. Nor 
were ten times tlurt number. The war went on, and call followed call, until it 
began to look as if there would not be men enough in all the Free States to 
crush out and subdue the monstrous war traitors had inaugurated. But to 
every call for either men or money, there was a willing and ready response. 
And it is a boast of the people that, had the supply of men fallen short, there 
were women brave enough, daring enough, patriotic enough, to have offered 
themselves as sacrifices on their country's altar. Such were the impulses, 
motives and actions of the patriotic men of the North, among whom the sons 
of Delaware County made a conspicuous and praiseworthy record. Of the 
offerings made by these people during the great and final struggle between 
freedom and slavery it is the purpose now to write. 

April 14, A. D. 1861, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States, 
issued the following : 

PROCLAMATION. 

Whereas, The laws of the United States have been and now are violently opposed in 
several States, by combinations too powerful to be suppressed in the ordinary way ; I therefore 
call for the militia of the several States of the Union, to the aggregate number of 75.000, to 
8upt)ress said combinations and execute the laws. I appeal to all loyal citizens to facilitate and 
aid in this effort to maintain the laws and the integrity of the perpetuity of the popular govern- 
ment, and redress wrongs long enough endured. The first service assigned to the forces, 
probably, will he to repossess the forts, places and property which have been seized from the 
Union. Let the utmost care be taken, consistent with the object, to, avoid devastation, destruc- 
, tion, interference with the property of peaceful citizens in any part of the country ; and I hereby 
command persons composing the aforesaid combination to disperse within twenty days from 
date 

I hereby convene both Houses of Congress for the 4th day of .July next, to determine upon 
measures for pviblic safety which the interest of the subject demands. 

ABRAHAM LINCOLN. 

Wm. H. Seward, Secretary of Slate. President of the United States. 

The gauntlet thrown down by the traitors of the South was accepted — not, 
however, in the spirit with which insolence meets insolence — but with a firm, 
determined spirit of patriotism and love of country. The duty of the President 
was plain, under the Constitution and the laws, and above and beyond all, the 
people from whom political power is derived, demanded the suppression of the 
rebellion, and stood ready to sustain the authority of their representatives and 
executive officers. 

The total absence of newspaper files or other records for 1861 to 1864, ren- 
ders it impossible for the historian to do fuU justice to the spirit and patriotism 
of this people in the early days of America's gigantic and bloody struggle against 
rebellion, and their liberal contributions to maintain the integrity of this glo- 
rious Union. It is a proud record, for from their midst went out brave soldiers 
and leaders, like the dasliing Peters, the cool llolbrook, the invincible Knee, 
the imperturbable Van Anda, with their equally brave commands, to aid in the 
grand struggle for the maintenance and perpetuity of the Union. 






MANCHESTER 



HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 439 

"A union of lakes, a union of lands, 
A union that none can sever; 
A union of hearts, a union of hands — 
The American Union forever." 

Never before in the world's history was witnessed such an uprising of the masses, 
such unanimity of sentiment, such willingness to sacrifice life and money on the 
altar of patriotism. 

When the first companies were being raised, measures were inaugurated and 
carried out to raise money by subscription for the support of the families of the 
volunteers. But there were so many calls for men, and the number and needs 
of these families whose providers had gone to defend the life of the nation, that 
it became an impossibility for private purses, however willing their holders, to 
supply all the demand, and the county authorities made frequent and liberal 
appropriations from the public treasury for that purpose. Private liberality 
still continued. This money was raised in the midst of the excitement of war, 
Avhen the exigencies of the times demanded it, and the generous people never 
thought to inquire how much was given. Aside from the sums appropriated by 
county authority, no account Avas ever kept. Had there been, the sum would 
now seem almost fabulous. 

It is to be stated to the honor of Delaware County, that no bounties Avere 
ever paid by county or township, although some were paid by individual sub- 
scription, and she always had her full quota of men in the field. During the 
time that drafts were considered necessary, liberal payments were made for sub- 
stitutes, but it afterward appeared that many Delaware men had voluntarily 
enlisted at Dubuque, and elsewhere, and the county was not subject to draft, as 
the quota was more than full. 

April 13, 1864, the citizens of Delaware met in the school house at Man- 
chester for the purpose of forming a County Association to assist in the great 
Northern Iowa Sanitary Fair, to be held in Dubuque on the 24th of May, fol- 
lowing. R. W. Tirrell was Chairman and H. F. Hamlin, Secretary. Rev. H. 
B. Holmes, of Dubuque, was in introduced, who made a stirring appeal to the 
Delaware people, urging them to take hold of the work as one man, and to see 
to it that Delaware County was fully represented in the great and loyal enter- 
prise. A committee, consisting of H. F. Hamlin, Wm. Cattron, Mrs. A. P. 
Baldwin and Mrs. H. Houghton, was appointed to nominate officers for the 
Delaware County Sanitary Fair Association, who reported the following, who 
were unanimously elected, viz.: 

President, A. T. Loring ; Vice President, E. W. Jeffries ; Secretary, Mrs. 
A. T. Loring; Treasurer, Edward Burnside ; Executive Committee, A. S. Blair, 
Chairman ; Mrs. H. M. Conger, Mrs. R. Rule, Mrs. A. P. Baldwin, Mrs. H. 
Houghton, and ofiicers of the association ex officio. On the 14th, the Execu- 
tive Committee met and added to its members the following : Mrs. Littlejohn, 
Delhi ; Mrs. W. H. Finley, South Fork ; Manasseh Smith, Union ; H. J. 
Brown, Hazel Green ; James Cromwell, Adams ; Mrs. Peter Richardson, Prai- 
rie ; Miss Frank Albrook, Milo ; Rev. Mr. Holmes, North Fork ; Mrs. C. San- 
born, Oneida ; Mrs. Hammond Gardiner, Coffin's Grove ; S. A. Thompson, 
Richland ; J. W. Windsor, Honey Creek ; Mrs. R. M. Watson, Elk ; and J. 
W. Simpson, Colony. 

On the 14th an exhibition was given by the Manchester Soldiers' Aid 
Society, resulting in raising |50, which was paid over to the Executive Com- 
mittee. The play rendered was " Toodles," and among those who took places 
in the cast were Messrs. Hastings, A. S. Blair, Charles H. Blair, H. N. Cor- 
nish, and Mrs. Holbrook, ??ee Tavlor. 



440 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 

The citizens of South Fork Township organized a Township Co-operative 
Fair, Rev. H. M. Harman, President ; P. Karst, Vice President ; J. W. 
McKean, Recordino; Secretary ; Mrs. Dr. Finley, Corresponding Secretary ; 
Rev. Mr. Sessions, Treasurer ; Executive Committee, Lieut. J. W. Gift, Mr. 0. 
Henry, Mrs. H. W. Olmstead, William Spence. Joseph Cool, G. R. Browder, 
Mrs. B. T. Pope, John Dunlap, Jerome T. Davis, Theodore Marks, Mrs. J. W. 
Gift, E. P. Weatherbee, W. Olmstead and Eli C. Brown. 

The Delaware County Union of April 25, 1864, contained the following : 

BRA.VO. — Only one yoimcr man over twenty years of age remains (in Hopkinton). All the 
balance have been connected with the army. VVhat town can beit that? 

April 26th, the Executive Committee of the County Sanitary Association 
added to its members Mrs. James Brown, Mrs. F, Bethell, Mrs. H. N. Cornish, 
H. F. Hamlin and S. W. Green, M. D. 

The fair at Dubuque was postponed to June 21st, and until that time, the 
people of Delaware held picnics, festivals, dances, etc., the proceeds of which 
were devoted to swelling the amount in the hands of the Executive Committee. 
Excursion trains over the Dubuque & Sioux City Railroad, at half fare, were 
arranged, and the fair was a magnificent success, to which Delaware contributed 
very materially. Mr. Loring, on the 29th of June, acknowledged the following 
contributions : Manchester, $469.38 ; Prairie Township, one firkin butter, 
$12.00, and a box of clothing; Milo Township, |50.00 ; Hopkinton, |93.50 ; 
Sand Spring, $27.20 and a quantity of provisions and sanitary stores. But 
these were only a small part of the contributions of Delaware County. The 
proceeds of the Northern Iowa Sanitary Fair amounted to about $75,000. 

As long as the war continued, money was ready — men were ready. Men 
of wealth furnished the former, and the less affluent filled the ranks — furnished 
the brawn, the muscle, the bravery, the sinews of war. Oftentimes, the former 
furnished not only their share of money, but shouldered their muskets and 
followed the starry flag as well. 

Having noticed the financial sacrifices and the readiness of the wealthier 
part of the people to contribute liberally and continuously of their means, we 
come now to the volunteer soldiery. And of these, what can we say ? What 
vivid words can the pen employ that will do justiee to their heroic valor, to their 
unequaled and unparalleled bravery and endurance? Home and home comforts, 
wives and little ones, fathers, mothers, sisters, brothers, were all given up for 
life and danger on the fields of battle — for exposure, fatigue, disease and death, 
at the point of the bayonet or at the cannon's mouth. But little they recked 
for all these, but boldly and bravely went out with their lives in their hands to 
meet and to conquer the foes of the Union, maintain its supremacy and vindi- 
cate its honor and its integrity. No more fitting tribute to their patriotic valor 
can be offered than a full and complete record, so far as it is possible to make 
it, embracing the names, the terms of enlistment, the battles in which they 
were engaged, and all the minuti{« of their military lives. It will be a wreath 
of glory encircling every brow — a precious memento which each and every one 
of them earned, gloriously earned, in defense of their and our common country. 



WAR RECORD OF DELAWARE COUNTY, 

TAKEN PRINCIPALLY FROM ADJUTANT GENERAL'S REPORTS. 



ABBREVIATIONS. 



Adjt Adjutant 

Art Artillery 

Bat Battle or Battalion 

Col Colonel 

Capt Captain 

Corpl Corpnral 

Comsy, Ciimniissary 

com commissioned 

cav cavalry 

captd captured 

desrtd deserted 

disab disabled 

disd discharged 

enlisted 

^xcd exchanged 

p f infantry 

l"v invalid 



I. V. I Iowa Volunteer Infantry 

kid killed 

Lieut Lieuteaant 



Maj.. 



.Ms 



ajor 



ni. o mustered out 

Pin'td promoted 

P''"'' prisoner 

Kegt Regiment 

r*=-e re-enlisted 

res resigned 

Sergt Sergeant 

trans transferred 

■^Pt-- •■•_ veteran 

V R. C Veteran Reserve Corp» 

^^ ; wounded 

hon. died honorably discharged 



FIRST INFANTRY. 

The First Regiment Iowa Volunteers was composed of 
independent military companies organized before the 
war began, and enlisted for three months. It is said 
that Capt. Ilerron and his company tendered their ser- 
vices to the Secretary of War three months before the 
commencfment of hostilities. This regiment was en- 
gaged at Wilson's Creek, under Gen. Lyon, and lost ten 
killed and nearly fifty wounded. 
Collins Jas. e. April 2.3, 1861. 
Collins Jos. e. April 23, 1861, re-e 12th Inf. Sept. 10, 1861, 

now Sergt. 
Wall F. M. e. April 23,1861, as Private in Co. H, 16th Inf. 

THIRD INFANTRY. 

The Third Regiment was raised, drilled and sent to the 
front about August 1, 1861. Its first engagement was at 
Blue Mills, Mo., September 18, 1861. Fought gallantly 
at Shiloh two days, the second day under command of 
Lieut. Cusley. the regimental officers being off duty or 
wounded. At Metamora, October o, 1862, the regiment 
suffered heavily. On its way to join Gen. Grant, before 
Vicksburg, the Third was attacked bj' guerrillas, and had 
fourteen men wounded. Participated in the operations 
at Vicksburg. July 12, 1863, it went into battle at John- 
son, Miss., with 241 men, and lost 114 killed, wounded 
and missiiig. Participated in the Meridian expedition, 
arriving there February 3, 1864, and next day tore up 
fifteen miles of railroad. Near Atlanta, did good service, 
July 28. Greatly reduced in numbers, the survivors re- 
enlisted, forming three companies, and consolidated with 
the Setoud Infantry. 

[NoTK. — Tlie nen-reteran$ of this regiment wtre mtt«(«r«<t 
ohI in January and July, ISGU-] 

Company C. 

First Tiieut. Abel A. Franklin, e. as musician May 18, 
1861, prmtd. 1st sergt. then 2d lieut. July 18, 1862. 

Sergt. .lohn H. Earie, e. May 18, 1861. 

Sergt. Stephen Cousins, e, May 18, 1861, wd. April 6, 1861, 

Baldwin O. e. May 18, 1861, disd. June 16, 1862. disd. 

Babcock Chas. o. May 18, 1861, taken prisr. at Shiloh 
Aiiril 6, 1862. 

Gibbs Wm. e. May 18, 1861. 

Gosling Geo. G. e. May 18, 1861. 

Griffith Robt P. e May 18, 1861, prmtd. 2d corpl., wd. at 
Shiloh April 6, 1862. 

Holmes D. W. e. May 18, 1861, disd. disab. Nov. 26, 1861. 

Hopson A. E. e. May 18, 1861, disd. disab, Nov. 26, 1861. 



Libby E. Jr. e. May 18, 1861, died Aug. 24, '63, at Natchez 
Michael Goo. e. May 18, 1861, trans, to inv. corns Feb' 

15,1864. ' ' 

Noble Jas. L. e. May 18, 1861, disd. disab. March 4 1861 
Richmond Walter, e. May 18, 1861. ' 

Sanford Geo. e. Mav 18, 1864. 
Sanford Geo. e. May 18, 1861. 
Blue Knnis, e. Feb. 5, 1864, disd. Aug. 27, 1864. 

THIRD VETERAN INFANTRY. 
Company A. 

Capt. Robt. P. Griffith, com. July 8, 1S64, kid. In battle 
(while corpl.) at siege of Atlanta, July 22, 1864. 

FIFTH INFANTRY. 

The Fifth Regiment Infantry saw its first active 
service in front of New Madrid, when Companies A and 
B occupied the skirmish line. Did brilliant service in 
the operations against Island No. 10, and after its sur- 
render were diiected to inscribe "New M-drid" and 
"Island No. 10" upon its flag. At luka, Sfptember 19 
18S2, the regiment lost heavily. During April and May, 
1863, heavy skirmishing in Louisiana and Mississippi, 
and participated in the operations before Virksburg. At 
Chattanooga, one-third of the regiment was captured. 
At Jlission Ridge, the brave old Filth was again on the 
skirmish line. Mustered out at Kingston, Ala. 

{JioTY..— This regiment wat disbanded Avytist, 1S6/,.] 

Company K. 

Capt. Dan'l S. Malvin, cum. 2d lieut., prmtd. 1st lieut. 

Feb. 1, 1862, prmtd. capt. March 1, 186i, reduced to 

1st lieut. 
Second Lieut. Jerome Darling, e. as corpl. July 1, 1861, 

prmtd. 1st sergt. then 2d lieut. Sei)t. 2ii, 1862, died 

May 17, 1863, of wds. received at battle of Champion 

Hilla. 
Sergt. 0. H. Smith, captd. Nov. 25, 1862, at Chattanooga. 
Corpl. Wm T. Crozier, e. July 1, 1861. 
Corpl. Wm. Setchfiekl, e. July 1, 1861, wd. at luka Sent 

19, 1862. 
Burrington C. L., e. July 1, 1861, missing after battle of 

luka. 
Borrett Wm. e. July 1, 1861, committed suicide on steamer 

War Eagle Sept 19,1861, 
Carlton Geo. e. Julv 1, 1861. 
Doolittle Wm. A. e". July 1, 1861. 
Field Job M. e. July 1, '61, captd. Chattanooga Nov. 25, '63. 



442 



WAR RECORD OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 



Field S. W. F. e. July 1, 1861, kid. in battle of luka, Sept. 

19, 1862. 
Griffin Asel, c. July 1,1861. 

Gilliert N. e. July 1, 1861, disd. for disab. Feb. 13, 1862. 
Hallenbfck J. e.July 1, 1861, captd. at Chattanooga Nov. 

25, 180,3. 
Healey John, e. July 1, 1861, died Sept. 27, 1862, of wds. 

received at luka. 
Luckinl.ill E. e. July 1, 1861. 
Moehier Tuni», e. July 1, 1861. 
Noble A. F. e. July 1, 1861. 

Shryock S. e. July 1, 1861, wd. in bat. luka Sept. 19, '62. 
Truby R. B. e. July 1, 1861, died March 27, 1862, at St. 

Louie. 
Watgou Geo. F. e. July 1, 1861. 
Webb Jas. e. July 1, 1861, captd. at Chattanooga Nov. 

25, 1863. 
Doolitle A. K. e. Dec. 22, 1863. 

NINTH INFANTRY. 

The Ninth Infantry was sent to the front in 1861. 
Hon. Wm. A'^audever resigned his seat in Congress to 
take command of the Fifth. The regiment was first 
un(ier fire at Pea Ridge, where it behaved gallantly. Was 
in the Yozoo expedition, in 1863. The Third Iowa Battery 
was recruited as a component part of the Ninth. The 
regiment participated in the movements against Atlanta 
and in the famous march through the Carolinas under 
an Iowa officer, and, with three other Iowa regiments, 
captured Columubia. 

(NoTK. — This regiment loai mustered out July IS, 1865, at 
LouitviUe. Officers not othenrise accounted for were mus- 
tered out ifith regiment.] 

Company D. 

Sergt. Jas. E. Kirkwooil, e. Sept. 5, 1861, re-e. as vet. Jan. 
1, 1864, wd. at Pea Ridge, Ark., March 7, 1862. 

Corp. John B. Miller, e. Sept 5, 1861, prmtd. from pri- 
vate Feb. 1, 1862, wd. at Atlanta July 22, 1804. 

Boycr I. C. e. Aug. 20, 1861, died March 14, 1802, of wds. 
received at Pea Ridge, Ark. 

Edgingt-in Thos. J. e. Aug. 16, 1861, disd. for disab. Jan. 
18, 1861. 

Gilbert F. D. e. Aug. 29, 1861, prmtd. to 4th corp. March 
17, 1862. 

Gale Wm. L. e. Aug. 29, 1861, disd. for disab Jan. 18, '62. 

King Wm. H. e. Aug. 26, 1801, re-e. as vet. Jan. 1, 1804. 

Mersellus John, e. Sept. 12, 1801, re-e. as vet. Jan. 1. '64. 

Matkew Lewis, e. Aug. 23, 1801, disd. July 16, 1862, re-e. 
as vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 

Phillips Alex. e. Aug. 23, 1861, disd. for disab. Jan. 11, '62. 

Smith Jno. Isaac, e. Aug. 16, 1861. 

Smith, E. A e. Sept. 17, 1861, kid. March 7, 1862, in ac- 
tion at Pea Ridge. 

McOuUough Wm. e. Aug. 30, '61, re-e. as vet. Jan. 23, '64. 

B!asdell B. A. p. Feb. 25. 1864. 

Colyer Clias. C. e. Feb. 27, 1804. 

Dickey Chas. H. e. Feb. 26, 1804. 

Dickey F. N. e. Feb. 20, 1804. 

Havens Romango, e. Feb. 26, 1864. 

Owens Jas. Jr. e. Feb. 2i'.. 1804. 

Company E. 

Corp. Alberd 1>. Stnink.e. Sept. 23, 1861, as private, prmtd. 
Corp. March 10, 1862. 

Company F. 

Seaton Asa M. e. Sept. 13, l.sfil, died at Young's Point, La. 
March 2o, 1803. 

Company C. 

Second Lieut. Jacob Piatt, e. as Sergt. July 28, 1861, 

prmtd. Ist sergt. then 2d lieut. Aug. 4, 1863, re-e. 

as vet. Jan 1, 1804, disd. as 1st sergt. for disability 

July 25, 1.S64 
Sergt. Milton F. Fowler, e. July 28, 1801, re-e. as vet. Jan. 

1, 1804, wd. July 22, 1804, at Atlanta. 
CJuppet David L. e. Sept. 10, 1861, wd. at Pea Ridge, re-e. 

as vet. Jan. 1,1864. 
McGuigan Wm. H. c. Sept. 10, 1861, kid. in action at 

Vicksburg May 22, 1863. 
Michaels Aaron p. Sept. 18, 1861, died March 15, 1862, of 

wds. received at Pea Ridge. 
Shrunk Jos. e. Sept. 24, 1861. 
Costello Thos. e. Sept. 3, 1861, re-e. as vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 

Wat"rs Jno 11. e. , re-e. as vet. Jan. 1, lti64. 

Wells T. P. p. Sept. 18, 1861, re-e. as vet. Jan. 1, 1864, 

di.id. for disabilily. 



Company K. 

Sergt. Thos. A. Farrington, re-e. as vet. .Ian. 20, 1864. 
Clark Wm. e. Feb. 29, 1864, unassigned. 
Gilliam Jordan, e. Feb. 20, 1804, unassigned. 
Kirk Wm. H. e. Feb. 2, 1864, unassigned. 
Menes James, e. Feb. 29, 1864, unassigned. 

TWELFTH INFANTRY. 

The Twelfth Regiment was recruited late in the Summer 
of 1801, and organized at Camp Union, Dubuque, Iowa, and 
mustered into the service of the United States Nov. 25, 
1861, by Capt. Washington, Thirteenth United States 
Infantry. 

A large portion of Companies F, H and K were Dela- 
ware County men. Company F was recruited at Man- 
chester, H at Colesburg and Dubuque, and K at Hop- 
kinton almost compelled the college at that place to 
suspend for want of students. The tiist active service 
in which the regiment was engaged was at Fort Donel- 
8on, where it was assigned to Cook's brigade of Smith's 
Division, and was engaged in the battles of the 13th, 14th 
and 15th of February, which resulted in the capture of 
the Fort and its garrison on the 10th, the enemy surren- 
dering themselves prisoners of war. During most of the 
time, the boys were exposed to a cold rain and sleet, and, 
not being permitted to have any fire, suffered very much 
from cold. 

At Shiloh, the Twelfth was brigaded with the Second, 
Seventh and Fourteenth I.)wa regiments, called the Iowa 
Brigade, commanded by Gen. Tuttle, Second Iowa In- 
fantry, Gen. W. H. Wallace commanding the division, 
and were in position near a field beyond Gen Uurlbufs 
headquarters. Here it remained in line of battle from 
6 o'clock „A. M. until about 4 P. M., during which 
time the enemy made several bold charges, and was re- 
pulsed with great loss in killed and wounded. The 
Twelfth and Fourteenth being in support of a battery, 
and having no orders to fall back, and not having notice 
that the left had given way, were allowed to be surrounded, 
and after several hours' desperate fighting, in which three 
or four regiments contended against the whole rebel 
force; the Twelfth having its commanding olflcer. Col. 
Woods, severely wounded, with sixteen men killed and 
ninety-seven wounded, with all hopes of retreat or succor 
cut off, was obliged to surrender at 6 o'olock P. M. 
Number of men cabtured from regiment, about 400. 

The men of the Eighth, Twelfth and Fourteenth Iowa 
regiments, who were not captured, were organized into a 
regiment called tlie " Union Brigade," of which regiment 
the Twelfth formed companies k; and K. The Union 
Brigade was engaged and took very prominent part in 
the battle of Corinth, Oct. 3d and 4th, 1802, the Twelfth 
Iowa losing three killed and twenty-five wounded out of 
eighty men engaged. After pursuing the enemy as far 
as Ripley, Miss., the regiment returned to Corinth, where 
it was engaged in building fortifications until Deo. 
Ibth, 1862, when orders were received from the War 
Department discontinuing the organization known as the 
Union Brigade, aud ordering men of the Eighth, Twelfth 
and Fourteenth Iowa to proceed to Davenport, Iowa, to 
re-organize their regiments, prisoners having been iiaroled 
Oct. 18th, 1862, and exchanged Nov. 10th, 1862. The 
detachment of the Twelfth Iowa arrived at Jackson, 
TiMin., where it was found that Forrest had destroyed the 
railroad from Uniontown, and was threatening Jackson. 
The detachment was at once ordere<l to the defence of the 
place, and remained four days, when it was ordered to 
open the railroad to Columbus Ky., which delayed the 
detachment until the 4th of January. It arrived at 
Columbus on that day and was ordered once more to 
Davenport, where it arrived on the 7tli of January, 1863, 
and from there it was ordered on the 27th of March to 
proceed to St. Louis, Mo., there to rejoin the regiment, 
and soon as organized was ordered to report to Geu. Grant 
in the field, near Vicksburg, Miss,, and served during the 
entire siege, participating in all the principal engagements 
until the 22d of June, when it was sent to Black River to 
guard the rear from an attack by Johnson. Vicksburg 
surrendered July 4tli. 

The Twelfth was engaged in the battle near Tupelo, 
Miss., on the 13th, 14th aud 15thof July 1864, losing nine 
men killed, fifty-four wounded and one missing out of 
200 engaged. 

In Juno,1864, Conijianies A and F, numbering fifty-five 
men, under command of Capt. J. R. C. Hunter, Co. A, 
while stationed at the mouth of White River, Ark., were 
attacked by 6U0 rebels of Marniaduke's eonmiiind, about 
daylight, on the 22d of June, but taking refuge behind a 
slight stockade they repulsed the enemy, he leaving 



WAR RECORD OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 



443 



twentj- killed and mortally wounded on the field. The 
loss of Companies A and F was one killed and four 
wounded. 

The regiment fought bravely in the battle of Nashville, 
and received special mention by brigade and divi.sion 
commanders for good service. Corp. Luther P. Kalten- 
bach, of Co. F, and Private A. J. Sloan, of Co. H, each 
captured a rebel flag, for which they were rewarded with 
medals by the Secretary of War. 

The regiment marched in pursuit of Hood with the 
army to Clinton, on the Tennessee River, thence by 
steamer to Eastport, Miss., arriving there on the 7th of 
January, ISe."!. Here Lieut. Col. John H. Stibbs got a 
leave of absence for thirty days to visit Iowa, for the 
purpose of recruiting up the regiment. He remaind in 
Iowa but a short time, when he went to Washington, and 
through the influence of friends secured a position on a 
military commission, where he remained until after the 
war closed. Major Samuel G. Knee assumed command of 
the regiment, and retained it during the remaining 
]>eriod of its service. From Eastport the regiment was 
ordered to New Orleans, then embarked with the forces 
under Gen. Canby on the expedition against Mobile; was 
in the front line during the siege of Spanish Fort, which 
was the last service rendered by the regiment. During 
its service, the gallant Twelfth was in twenty-threebattles, 
was under fire 112 days and had ninety-five men killed in 
battle. S. G. Knee, who entered service and went to the 
front as First Sergeant of Co. H, returned as Lieutenant 
Colonel, and breveted Colonel. 

[Note. — This reyiinent wai miiftered out at Memphis, 
Tenn., Jan. W, ISnO. Officers not otherwise accounted for 
were nwslered out as with the regiment. 
Lieut. Col. Samuel G. Knee, e. as Ist sergt. Co. H, Sept. 19, 

1861, taken prisr. at Shiloh, ]>rnitd. 2d linnt. Nov. 9, 

1862, prmtd. capt. Sept. 3, 1S63, re-e. as vet., prmtd. 
maj. Dec. 2, 1864, prmtd. lieut. col. Nov. 22, 1865. 

Q. M. S., S. M. French, e. as private Sept. 18, 1861, re-e. as 

vet. Dec. 25, 1863. 
Asst. Surgeon W. H. Finley, com. Oct. 30, 1861. 
Sergt. Maj. 6. H. Morrisy, e. Sept. 26, 1861, captd. at 

Shiloh .April 6, 1862, captd. at .Tackson, Miss. July 

11, 1861, com. Q. M. May 29, 1S6:1, m. o. Feb. 12, '65. 
D. Maj. Truman McKee, e. Nov. 25, 1861, as musician in 

Co. F, disd. April 28, 1862. 

Company F. 

Capt. Jas. E. Ainsworth, com. Nov. 12, 1861, res. April 19, 

1862. com. again, declined and revoked. 
Capt. J. Wilson Gift, com. 1st lieut. Nov. 12, 1861, prmtd. 

capt. Nov. 29, 1862, res. Aug. 8, 1863. 
Capt. Wm. A. Mors^, com. 2d lieut. Nov. 12, 1861, taken 

prisr. at Shiloh, prmtd. 1st lieut. Nov. 29, 1862, 

prmtd. capt. Aug. 9, 1863, m. o Dec. 1, 1864. 
Capt. Jno. Brenner, e. as private Oct. 15, 1861, prmtd. 

Corp. March 22, 1862, for bravery at Fort Donelson, 

prmtd. capt. April 20, 1865. 
First Lieut. Abner Dunham, e. as corp. Sept. 24, 1861, 

prmtd. 1st lieut. April 20, 1865. 
Sergt. Hiram Cronk, e. Oct. 10, 1861, di^d at St. Louis 

March 2, 1862. 
Corp. H. M. Preston, e. Sept. 16, 1861, re-e. as vet. Feb. 

29, 1864. 
Corp. Isa«c Johnson, e. Sept. 24, 1861, as private, missing 

in battle Shiloh. 
Corp. A. D. Campbell, e. Sept. 26, 1861, as private, kid. 

April 6, 1862, at Shiloh. 
Annis Geo. W. e. Sept. 5, 1861, re-e. as vet. Dec. 25, 1863. 
Barney Wm. H. e. Sept. 24, 1861, captd. at Shiloh April 

6, 1862. died June 26, 1862, at Nashville. 
Balch Samuel, e. Nov. 1, 1861, died at St. Louis, Jan. 3, 

1862. 
Clapp Seamons, e. Sept. 10, 1861, died of wds. at Memphis 

June 26, 1864. 
Clark A. B. e. Sept. 21, '61, died at St. Louis Feb. 27, '62. 
Church A. e. Oct. 23, 1861. 

Corell Edwin, e, Nov. 1, 1861, trau". to Invalid Corps. 
Coolidge F. W., e. Oct. 23, 1861, re e as vet. Dec. 25, 1863, 

and prmtd. corp. 
Coolidge 0. E. e. Nov. 2.5, 1861, died at St. Louis Jan. 26, 

1862. 
Douglass Ewd. o. Oct. 14, 1861, captd. at Shiloh April 6, 

1862, died Jan. 15, 18P3. 
Eaton John J. e. Oct. 25, 1861, captd. at Shiloh, April 6, 

1S62. died Jan. 15, 1863. 
Eldridge Jos. E. e. Oct. 15, 1861, re-e. as vet. Dec. 25, 1863, 

prmtd. Corp. wd. at Nashville Dec. 15, 1864. 
Hempsted M. e. Sept. 30, 1861, disd. April 4, 1862, disab. 
Herrig Lewis G. e. Nov. 25, 1861, died at Savannah March 
30, 1862. 



Judson 0. W. Oct. 21. 1861, died at St. Louis Feb. 7, 1862. 
Koltenbach L. e. Sept. 27, 1861, re-e. as vet. Dec. 25, 1863, 

prmtl Corp. 
Koltenbach Samuel, e. Sept. 28, 1861, trans, to Invalid 

Corps. Jan. 5, 1864. 
Koltenbach Wm. e. Sept. 23, 1861, died June 29, 1862, at 

Nashville. 
Kaster Hiram, e. Sept. 5, 1861, disd. June 25, 1862 
Kenney P. 0. e. Sept. 30, 1861, wd. at Corinth Oct. 3, 1862, 

died Oct. 30, 1862. at Keokuk. 
Lilibridge D. N. e. Sept. 21, 1861, captd. at Shiloh April 

6, 1862, died while prisr. at Macon Oct. 12, 1862. 
Lyon L. D. e. Oct. 23, 1861, re-e. as vet. Dec. 25, 1863, wd. 

April 28, 1864, disd. Aug. 21, 1865. 
Manning A. L. e. Oct. 11, 1861, disd. Aug. 17, '63, disab. 
Mason Wm. H. e. Sept. 16,1861, captd. April 6, 1862 at 

Shiloh, died of starvation while prisr. at Macon, Ga. 

July 2.3, 1862. 
Nelson C. L. e. Nov. 22, 1861, deserted Dec. 7, 1861. 
Nelson M. E. e. Oct. 15, 1861, died at St. Louis Feb. 18, '62. 
Overocker E. M. e. Sept. 16, 1861, captd. at Shiloh April 

6, 1862, died while prisr. at Montgomery, Ala. May 

20, 1863. 
Otis John, Sr. e. Nov. 20, 1861, trans, to Invalid Corps 

Dec. 1, 1863. 
Otis John, Jr. e. Oct. 14, 1861. disd June 9, 1862. 
Otis Thos. e. Oct. 11, 1861, captd. at Shiloh April 6, 1862, 

died at Montgomery, Ala. June 6, 1862. 
Overocker Jas. H. e. Sept. 19, 1861, disd. 
Pate G. W. e. Dec. 25, 1863. 

Plattenburg Samuel, e. Sept. 16, 1861, wd. at Fort Donel- 
son and at Shibih, disd. Aug 24, 1862. 
Peasley Russell H. e. Sept. 28, 1861, re-e. as vet. Feb. 15, 

1864, wd. at Nashville Dec. 16, 1864. 
Peron Henry, e. Sept. 24, 1861. 

Rosa Geo. R. e. Sept. 24, '61, died at St. Louis Jan, 27, '62. 
Ross R. H. e. Sept. 23, 1861, disd. April 28, 1862. 
Roe A. J. e. Oct. 23, 1861, re-e. as vet. Dec. 2.5, 1863. 
Roberts I. W. e. Nov. 11, 1861, captd. at Shiloh April 6, 

1862, died at Macon, Ga. Aug. 25, 1862. 
Steers C. e. Oct. 23, 1861, re-e. as vet. Feb. 15, 1864. 
Steers Wm. e. Oct. 23, 1861, re-e. as vet. Feb. 29, 1864. 
Schneider Justus, a. Nov. 22, '61, re-e. as vet. Dec. 25, '63, 
Timmons S. e. Sept. 24, 1861, disd. April 11, 1862. 
Toney C. B. e. Sept. 24, 1861, captd. at Shiloh April 6, 1862, 
died of starvation while prisr. at Macon, Ga. July 
24, 1862. 
Taylor Jas. M. e. Nov. 11, 1861, wd. at Fort Donelson Feb. 

15, 1862, disd. Oct. 16, 1862. 
Wigger Joshua, e. Oct. 11, 1861, re-p. as vet. Dec. 25, '63. 
Heller M. B. e. Jan. 1, 1863, died at Memphis July 14, 63, 
Manly L. R. e. Jan. 4, 1864. disd. Nov. 20, 1865, disab. 
Coolidge Charles L. e. MarelL26, 1864. 
Loring Jas. T. e. Sept. 10, '64, kid. in battle at Nashvill* 

Dec. 16, 1864. 
Robbins Chas. L. e. Sept. 10, 1864, died at Vicksburg Feb, 
20, 1865. 

Company H. 

First Lieut. Robt. Fishel, com. Nov. S, '61, re-e. as vet. 

m. o. Dec. 9, 1864, term expired. 
First Lieut. David Moreland, e. as private Sept 19, 1861, 

captd. at Shiloh .\pril 6, 1862, re-e. as vet. Jan. 4, '64, 

prmtd. 1st lieut. April 20, 1865. 
Sergt. Ralph M. Grimes, e. Oct. 4, 1861, captd. at Shiloh 

April 6, 18C2, re-e. as vet. Dec. 25, 1863, wd. at Tupelo 

July 14, 1864. 
Corp. Benj. A. Clark, e. Sept. 23, 1861, captd. at Shiloh 

April 6, 1862. 
Byrns J. H. e. Sept. 24, 1861, captd. at Shiloh April 6, 1862, 

died at Macon, Ga., Oct. 1, 1862. 
Barrett, Lockhart, e. Oct. 8, 1861, disd. July 11, 1862. 
Collins Wm. H. e. Oct. 8, 1861, captd. at Shiloh .\pril 6, 

1862, died at Macon, Ga., Aug. 3, 1862. 
Clendenen Thos. e. Oct. 23. 1861, captd. at Shiloh, died Oct. 

2, 1862, Annapolis, Md. 
Crisman Wm. e. Oct. 24, 1861, captd. at Shiloh, re-e. as 

vet. Dec. 25, 18B3. 
Currie John G. e. Oct. 21, 1861, captd. at Shiloh, re-e. as 

vet. Dec. 25. 1863, wd. July 17, 1864, at Tupelo. 
DeWolf D. D. e. Sept. 19, 1861, disd. April 26, 1862. 
Fishel S. C. e. Oct. 5, 1861, re- e. as vet. Jan. 4, 1864. 
Haught D. L. e. Sept. 26, 1861. 

Hitsman John G. e. Sept. 25, 1861, disd. Feb. 27, 1862. 
Hamblin F. e. Oct. 8, 1861. 

Huffsmith A. e. Sept. 19, '62, died Jan. 11, '62, at St. Louis. 
Light R, W. e. Sept. 28, 1861, captd. at Shiloh April 6, '62. 
Malvin D. e. Sept. 19, 1861, d^sl. June 22, 1862. 
McConnell A. S. e. Sept. 19, 1862. re-e. as vet Dec. 25, 1863. 
McKinnis Geo. M. e. Oct. 8, '61, capt. at Shiloh .\pr. 6, '62. 



444 



AVAR RECORD OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 



Nicholas Jas. E. e. Sept. 23, 1861, captd. at Shiloh April 6, 

1862. died at Macon July 9, 1862. 
Nogglcs Joseph, e. Oct. 8, '61, died Jan. 11, '62, at St. Louis. 
Patrick Lester, e. Sept. 27,lii61. 

Patrick N. E. o. Sept. 28, 1861, died at Millville Jan. 19, "62. 
Philips, li. e. April 7, 1864. 
Kicliar.lson H. L. e. Sept. 26, 1861, captd at Shiloh April, 

6, 1--62, died Macon, Ga., Sept. 16, 1862. 
RichanUoii C. E. e. Sept. 27, 1861, captd. at Shiloh April 

6, 1862, died at Griffin, Ga., June 13, 1862. 
Sloan Samuel B. e. Oct. 5, 1861. 

Sloan A, J. e. Oct. 5, 1861, re-e. as vet. Feb. 29, 1864. 
StillinKir C. e. Sept. 26, 1861, disd. Oct. 4, 1862. 
Slack \Vm. J. e. Oct. 4, 1861, captd. at Shiloh April 8, 1862, 

died at Macon, Ga., Oct. 2, 1862. 
Toihert Smith, e. Oct. 9, 1861, disd. April 26, 1862. 
Wisegarver Wm. S. Sept. 19,1861. 
Ward E. A. e. Oct. 7, 1861, wd. at Shiloh, died at St. Louis 

May 8, 1862. 
Ward Julius, e. Sept. 19, 1861, captd. at Shiloh April 6, 

1862, died in Montgomery, Ala., April 30, 1862. 
Riphoff Henry, e. Sept. 8, 1862, died at Vicksburg, May 

27, 1863. 
Henry Philip, e. April 7, 1864, wd. and captd. July 14, 

1864, at Tupelo, Miss. 

Company I. 

Wilson Thos. H. e. Oct. 14, 1861, wd. at Fort Donelson, 

Feb. 15, 1862, kid. at battle of Sliiloh, April 6, 1862 
Locke Chas. W. R. e. March 24, 1864. 

Company K. 

Capt. Jno. G. Fowler, coin. Xov. 2.'>, 1861, dishonorably 

dismissed Oct. 11, 1864. 
Capt. Oison T. Fuller, e. as corpl. Sept. 23, 1861, prmtd. 

to second lieut. March 18, 1862, taken prsr. at Shiloh, 

prmtd. to first lieut. June 13, 1863, prmtd, to capt. 

Jan. 23, 1865. 
First Lieut. Lawrence Webb, com. Nov. 25, 1861, res. 

March 21, 1862 
First Lieut. James B. Morgan, e. as private Co. I, 1st Inf. 

April 23, 1861, e. as first lieut. this Co. Sept. 10, 

1861, prmtd. to first lieut. Jan. 23, 1865. 
Sergt. S. P. Collins, e. Sept. 10, 1861, missing in battle of 

Shiloh. 
Second Lieut. Henry C. Merriman, e. as corp. Sept. 8, 

1861, captd. at Shiloh April 6, 1862, prmtd. to second 
lieut. .June 13, 1863, m. o Dec. 1, 1864, term expd. 

Sergt. Richard Freeman, e. Sept. 6, 1861, captd. at Shiloh 

April 6, 1862. 
Sergt. Robert Fowler, e. Sept. 10, 1861, kid. in action 

July 14, 1864, at Tupelo. 
Corp. W, H. H. Blanchard, e. Sept. 23, 1861, captd. at 

Sbiloh, wd. at Tuepio, July 14, 1864, disd. Jan. 26, '65. 
Corp. Benj. Nash, e. Sept. 12, 1801, captd. at Shiloh, April 

6, 18G2, died at Macon, Ga. Sept. 24, 1862. 
Musician John n. Blanchard, disd. M;iy 6, 1862. 
Musician Ira D. Blanchard, disd. May 6, 1862. 
Wagoner Samuel Horn, e. Nov. 20, 1801. 
Blood Geo. W. e. Sept. 21, 1861, disd. June 25, 1862. 
Billings A.e. Sept. 8, 1861. 
Baldwin N. H. e. Sept. 11, 1861, captd. April 6, 1862, at 

Shiloh, d;sd. Dec. 2, 1862, disab. 
Blanchard T. E. e. Sept. 23, 1861, captd. April 6, 1862, at 

Shiloh. 
Barden H. A. e Sept. 20, 1861, disd. March 13, 1862. 
Dolley G. e. Sept. 23, 1861, captd. at Shiloh, April 6, '62. 
Downer Daniel, e. i:;ept. 12, 1861, captd. at Shiloh. April 

6, 1862, died at Macon, Aug. 15. 1862. 
Ellison, II. e. Nov. 20, 1861, disd. March 17, 1803, disab. 
Farmer Newton, e Sept. 23, 1861. 
Green Samuel, c. Sept. 20, 1801, captd. at Shiloh, April 6, 

1862, disd. April 25, 1862. 

Gallagher Patrick, e. Oct. 18, 1861, captd. at Shiloh, disd. 

Feb. 13. 1863. 
Humphrey Thoma-s, e. Sept. 14, 1861, disd. Aug. 8, 1862. 
Hicketbur Chas. e. Oct. 20, 1861, captd. at Shiloh, April 6, 

1862. 
Hicketbur Aug. e. Oct. 20, 1861. 
Johnson Wm. T. e. Sept. 28, 1861, captd. at Shiloh, April 

6, 1862, died at Macon, Ga. Aug. 29, 1862. 
Kinip Wm. e. Sept. 5, 1861, captd. at Shiloh, April 6, 1862. 
Keith Wm. B. e. Sept. 14, 1861, captd. at Shiloh, April 6, 

1862, wd. at Tupelo, July 14, 1804. 
Keith Geo. e. Sept. 23, 1801. 
Lyons (his. e. Nov. 20, 1861, died March 6, 1862, at Fort 

Donelson. 
Mann Edward, e. Sept. 10, 1861, died at Hopkinton, Iowa. 
Morgan Wm. B. e. Sept. 13, '61, died at home, April 1, "61. 



Maine Isaac, e. Sept. 15, 1861, captd. at Shiloh, April 6» 

1862, disd. March 12, 1863, disab. 
Moulton John, e. Sept. 15, 1861, died of wds. received at 

Shiloh, April 20, 1862, at St. Louis. 
Morehouse P. e. Sept. 18, 1861, captd. at Shiloh, disd. Dec. 

1862, disab. 
Merriam Chas. E. e. Sept. 9, 1861, captd. at Shiloh, wd. at 

Vicksburg, May 22, 1863, wd. at Tupelo, July 14, '64. 
Mvers J. e. Sept. 18, 1801, captd. at Shiloh. 
Maine Job, e. Nov. 23, 1861, died Dec. 31, '61, at St. Louis. 
Olmstead Geo. W. e. Sept. 18, 1861, captd. at Shiloh, April 

6, 1862. 
Orr John B. e. Sept. 23, 1861. 
Philips Chas. E. e. Sept. 18, 1861, captd. at Shiloh, April 

6, 1862. 
Robinson Alonzo, e. Sept. 30, 1861, captd. at Shiloh, April 

6, 1862, disd. Jan. 8, 1863. 
Wilson P. 0. e. Sept. 12, 1801, captd. at Shiloh, April 6, 

1862, died at Macon, Ga. Sept. 12, 1802. 
Walker Charles, e. Sept. 16, 1861, died at St. Louis, Feb. 

13, 1862. 
Willard Porter, e. Sept. 17, 1861, disd. Nov. 17, 1863. 
Winch Wm. II. e. Sept. 26, 1861. 
Wincli Robt. C. e. Sept. 26, 1861, disd. Feb. 21, 1802. 
Willis Willard, e. Sept. 17, '01, died at Cairo, March 3,'62. 
Waldorf Henry E. e. Sept. 18, 1861, captd. at Shiloh, April 

6, 1862, disd. April 12, 1863. 
Bugbee Stephen, e. Dec. 20, 1862, wd. at Tupelo, July 

14, 1864. 
Hill Granville S. e. Dec. 20, 1862, died at Memphis, June 

24, 1863. 
Loomis Wm. e. Dec. 20, 1862, disd. for disability, at St. 

Louis, March 11,1863. 
Billings Chas. D. e. Jan 27, 1864. 
Ellison Wm. H. e. Jan. 27, 1804. 

Miers Jos. A. e. Feb. 11, '64, disd. for disability, Oct. 8, '64. 
Reardon P. A. e. Feb. 11, '64, disd. for disability, Oct. 8, '64. 
Coleman A. D. 
Keller M. B. 
Fraidis Jos. 
Reiphofif H. 

TWENTY-FIRST INFANTRY. 

This regiment was recruited and organized in 1862, 
nearly two hundred men being furnished from Delaware 
County. It went into service under Col. Samuel Merrill 
(since Governor), Lieut. Col. C. Dunlap and Maj. S. G. 
Van Anda, of Delaware. Its first engagement was at 
Harts-ille, Mo., Janua'"y 11, 1803, where it was under a 
heavy artillery fire, and met, without flinching, the vig- 
oious charges of both rebel infantry and cavalry. At 
this battle, the Union forces were commanded bj' Col. Mer- 
rill, and the Twentj'-first was under the command of 
Lieut. Col. Dunlap. The supporting regiments were 
withdrawn without the knowledge of Col. Dunlap, who, 
upon learning the fact, extended his lines, and drove the 
enemy into and through the town. His position was un- 
safe, however, and after nightfall the troops were with- 
drawn. 

In this battle. Col. Dunlap was wounded, having one 
of his fingers shot off, and the rebel. Col. Porter, of St. 
Louis, was killed. 

Soon after, the regiment was transferred to Gen. Grant's 
command, and drew the first fire of the enemy at Port 
Gibson, about 1 o'clock A. M., May 1, 1863, and had six- 
teen men wounded in the engagement. In his report of 
this affair. Col. Merrill made honorable mention of Capt. 
Watson, of Company F, as a brave, cool and efficient 
officer. 

The regiment was again engaged at Black River 
Bridge, May 17tli. Here Col. Merrill was suddenly taken 
very sick ; the boys yelled for Van Anda, who dashed to 
the front, assumed command, and led the gallant but 
bloody charge, the success of which was due to his cool 
and daring Courage. The regiment suffered severely in 
this terrible charge, losing eighty-three men in three 
minutes, but captured a large number of the enemy. 
After the charge. Col. Merrill was slightly wounded by a 
stray shot from the prisoners the boys had taken, while 
coming up in the rear. 

Capt. Watson and Capt. Voorhees were both compli- 
mented for their coolness and bravery in Maj. Van 
Anda's official re|K)rt of the engagement. 

On the 22d of May, Van Anda again gallantly led the 
regiment, in Its bloody charge on Fort Beauregard, in the 
rear of Vicksburg, and captured it, but was driven out in 
turn. The reg'ment was formed to sujiport the Twenty- 
second, but the enemy had position on its flank, and the 
Twenty-first was exposed to a galling fire. The enemy 



WAR RECORD OF DELAWARE COUNTY, 



445 



were protected by the walls of the fort, and the regiment 
lost heavily. About au hour after the charge, Lieut. 
Col. Dunlap came up, and exposing himself needlessly 
over the iutrenchments, in front of the rebel works, was 
shot in the forehead and instantly killed. 

lor his skill and bravery in this action, Maj. Van 
Anda was promptly promoted to be Lieutenant Colonel, 
dating from that day. 

After the capture of Vicksburg, the regiment was or- 
dered to New Orleans; thence to Texas, where it passed 
the Winter. In the Spring ol 1804, it was ordered to 
White River; and during the remainder of that year, 
was stationed successively at St. Charles, Duvall's Bluflf, 
mouth of White Kiver, Memphis, Wolf River and New 
Orleans. 

March 5, 1SC5, the regiment left for Dauphin Island, 
and passing up Mobile Bay, landed on the Peninsula of 
Alabama, and were attached to the Division of the Gulf, 
commanded by Gen. Canby. Twenty-one days were oc- 
cupied in a march of sixty miles, up the pentnsula. More 
than thirty miles of corduroy road were constructed over 
the quicksands. The pine trees were felled, cut into logs 
and piled tliree deep. Not more than four or five miles 
a day could be made by the entire army. 

On the morning of March 2C, the Twenty-first, having 
hai the advance for twenty-fuur hours, was relieved by 
the Ninety-ninth Illinois, and took its place in the line of 
march, the third from the front. Soon the picket firing 
of the enemy opened upon the advance. Maj. Gen. 
Granger immediately dispatched an Adjutant to the com- 
mander of the Twenty-flrst, Col. Van Anda, with orders 
to advance his regiment to the front at once. This was a 
great compliment to the gallant regiment from a brave 
General. When the regiments in front received the order 
to open ranks for the passage of the Twenty-first, the re- 
mark ran along the line, " There is to be fighting in front, 
there goes the old Twenty-first." About 8 o'clock A. M. 
four companies were thrown out as skirmishers, who kept 
up a continuous fire upon the retreating enemy, often 
aided by the other companiei of the regiment, for ten 
miles, when the rebels made a bold stand ; and at 9 o'clock 
P. M. the advance of the regiment drew the fire of the 
enemy from their earth works; having driven a large 
army since 8 that morning. 

On aci;ount of the woody nature of the country here, 
the regiment lost but three men killed and five wounded 
during the entire day. At 2 o'clock A. M. of the 27tb, 
after having thrown up triangular earthworks fjr pro- 
tection the next morning, the regiment was relieved by 
the Forty-seventh Indiana, and Col. Van Anda received 
permission to withdraw to a piece of pine timber about 
forty rods distant to make coffee, but the men were too 
sleepy and exhausted to eat or drink, and laid down on 
their arms. During the night, the One Hundreth and 
Sixty-fifth New York were formed in the line occupied 
by the Twenty-first the day before, and just at day-break, 
SOU cavalry dashed upin them with their rebel yells. 
The New York regiment was panic-stricken, threw away 
their guns and broke for the gunboats. The Twenty- 
first heard the yell and the first rebel gun, and, in less 
time than it takes to tell the story, were in line and drove 
the rebel cavalry back to their fort like a whirlwind. 
The One Hundreth and Sixty-fifth New York was dis- 
graced and put on fatigue duty unloading boats. The 
enemy being driven into their works, preparation for a 
seige commenced. Pits were dug by every nuin who 
could get a spade or shovel. On the night of the 28th, 
Capt. J. L. Noble, of Co. H, was near the rebel forts with 
a working party, having stacked half tlieir arms, when 
the entire front was attacked by a large body of the 
enemy. With admirable bravery and presence of mind, 
Capt. Noble rallied his men to their guns and drove the 
rebels back in great disorder. 

The regiment took active part in the seige until the .'^Oth, 
when it was withdrawn to escort a supply train to Gen. 
Steele. April 2d, the regiment was ordered to Fort 
Blakely, marched five miles and encamped near the Bimi- 
net, and at daylight on the 3d took position in the rear of 
the fort. During the operations against Fort Blakely, the 
men entered the rifle pits at dark on the evening of the 
7th, and were under the most terrific fire of shells for 
two hours. After fighting in this position for thirty-six 
hours without rest or food, they were ordered to the sup- 
port of Gen. Smith in a contemplateil assault upon Span- 
ish Fort, seven miles away. On the march, three men 
out of the rank of four would go to sleep and be kept 
moving by the third in turns. The fort, the strongest on 
the Bay, surrendered however, before the regiment could 
reach it, and when that well known shout of victory went 
up from around its walls, these six hundred weary men 
gave one loud and long cheer, sank down in their tracks 



and slept until morning. The proud city of Mobile had 
fallen, and the victorious army of the Union were invited 
by its rebel citizens to come and occupy it. The trans- 
portation boats had arrived, and the regiment embarked 
for the citj'. The Bay was full of torpedoes, but a rebel 
pilot who knew where they were was placed at the wheel. 
The Twenty-first was landed on the shell road seven miles 
below, and with the Twenty-ninth Wisconsin ordered to 
occupy and guard the city. They led the advance of the 
victorious army. No grander sight was ever witnessed by 
a soldier. Union men and women who had long and pa- 
tiently waited for the auspicious hour decorated the 
heads of the soldiers with beautiful wreaths, and old 
Stars and Stripes that had not seen the light for years 
were proudly flung to the breeze. Sergt. Maj. John Du- 
bois received special mention in Col. Van Anda's report of 
the operations before Fort Blakely. Soon after the fall of 
ilobile, the Twenty-first was sent up the Red River for the 
purpose of paroling rebel prisoners. Having performed 
this duty, it was ordered to Baton Rouge, where it was 
mustered out July 15, 1865. 

[Note. — ThU Regiment was mustered out of service at 
Baton Rouge July 15, 1865. Officers not otherwise accounted 
for were muslered out as with the liegime)it. 

Lieut. Col. Salue G. Van Anda, com. maj. Aug. 2, 1862, 
wd. May 22, 1863, prratd. lieut. col. May 23, 1863. 

Chaplain Lorenzo Bolles, Jr., e. as private Aug. 28, 1862, 
com. chaplain Jan. 6, 1863, res. July 16, 1863. 



Company C. 



Sergt. John Cousins, e. Aug. 15, 1862. 
Lambert Wm. H. e. Dec. 12, 1863. 

Company H- 

Capt. Jas. M. Watson, com. Aug. 23, 1862, res. Jan. 18, '64. 

Capt. Jas. L. Noble, e. as 2d lieut. Aug 23, 1862, prmtd. to 

1st lieut. March 11, 1863, prmtd. to capt. Jan. 19, '64. 

First Lieut Jas. B. Jordan, e. as private Co. H, 1st Inf, 

com. first lieut Aug. 23, 1862, res. March 11, 1863. 
First Lieut. Willie E. Brown, e. as 1st sergt. June 22, 1862, 

wd. prmtd. to 1st lieut. Jan. 19, 1864. 
Second Lieut. Theodore Wetherby, e. as private June 25, 
1862, prmtd. to sergt. prmtd. to 2d lieut. June 18, '65. 
Sergt. John Dubois, e. Aug. 19, 1862. 
Sergt. 0. H. Malendy, e. Aug. 9, 1862, disd. March 19, 1863, 

disab. 
Sergt. Jas. Heath, e. Aug. 9, 1862,di8d. Jan. 24, 1863, disab. 
Sergt. David D. Griffith, e. Aug. 9, 1862, wd. disd. Feb. 22, 

1864, disab. 
Sergt. John Van Kuran, e. Aug. 9, 1862. 
Corp. Walter Moon, e. Aug. 8, 1862. 
Corp. Wm. W. Wirtz, e. Aug. 11, 1S62. 
Corp. J. D. Gilbert, e. Aug. 8, 1802. 
Corp. Daniel Hinkle, e. Aug. 1, 1862. 
Corp. Newman S. Preston, e. June 23, 1862. 
Corp. H. B. Duell, e. July 8, 1862, wd. at Black River 

Bridge May 17,1863, died May 2U, 1803. 
Corp. Iliad Walters, e. July 4, '62, disd. Jan. 20, '64, disab. 
Corp. H. R. Paul, e. June 27, 1862. 
Musician A. E. Richmond, e. Aug. 13, 1862. 
Musician A. Goldsmith, e. July 13, 1862. 
Angell Alfred, e. June 21, 1862, disd. July 20, 1863. 
Ackley M. e. June 23, 1862. 
Abbott Geo. W. e. July 25, 1862. 
Allen Wm. G. e. July 21, 1862. 
Anderson C. C. e. Aug. 14, 1862, wd. at Vicksburg, died 

June 14, 1863, at Memphis. , 

Blood M. D. e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
Barnes L. B. e. Aug. 6, 1862. 
Collins Wm. e. June 23, 1862. 

Crosby P. S. e. Aug. 9, 1862, disd. Jan. 24, 1863, disab. 
Coolidge M. e. Aug. 9, '62, died Sept. 13, '64, at Memphis. 
Carlton C. e. Aug. 7, 1862, kid. Jan. 11, 1863, in action at 

Hartsville. 
Davis, Ira, e. July 14, 1862. 
Fox S. e. July 22, 1862. 

First James, e. July 11, 1862, disd. Aug. 19, 1863. subse- 
quently died Aug. 28, 1863, at Keokuk. 
Gage Marion, e. Aug. 2, 1862, wd. disd. Jan. 24, '64, disab. 
Heigh Wm. e. July "24, 1862. 
Hart W. 0. e. Aug. 14,1862. 
Keller A. N. e. July 9, 1862. 

Kelley Daniel, e. July 5, '62, died May 5, '63, at Memphis. 
Kenyon Wm. e. July 5 1862, kid. at Black River Bridge 

May 17, 1863. 
Luckenbill J. e. Aug. 6, 1862, died Oct. 8, '64, at Memphis. 
Lett A. J. e. June 7, 1862. 

Miller H. T. e. .\ug. 14, 1862, trans, to Miss. Marine Brig- 
ade Feb. 19, 1863. 



446 



WAR RECORD OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 



Matsell Robt. E. e. Aug. 12, 1862. 

Myers D.-\Vitt, e. Aug, 8, 18G2. 

Marshall \V. N. e. June 2.5, 1862, wd. at Vicksburg May 

22, 18G3, disd. Jan. 24. 1864. 
Malendy (has. e. July 24, 1862. 

McCorniick D. e. Aug. 9, 1862. ^ . ,^. 

Olds Osmer, e. Aug. 14, '62, trans, to inv. corps March 4, 64. 
O'Rourick M. o. July 22, 1862. 
Putnam J. W. e. Aug. 14, 1862, trans, to Miss. Marine 

Brigade Feb. 19, 186:}. 
Potter G. e. Aug. 6, 1862, died on steamer St. Genevieve 

ililliken's Bend, March 31, 1862. 
Petro Geo. e. July 21, 1862. 
Penney Lewis, e. July 19, 1862 
Parker Geo. e. June 25, 1862. 
Quitmire Lew, e. July 19, 1862. 
Schultz, Geo. e. July 19, 1862. 
Scott C.e. July 21, 1862. 
Scott Allen, e. July 21, 1862. 
Scott Aristides, e. July 26, 1862. 
Shilling John, e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
ThoDipson F. e. June 21, 1862. 
Veasev Samuel, e. June 24, 1862. 
Vosbnrg M. J. e. July 9, 1862. 
Watts David, e. Aug. 9, 1862. 
Walter I. e. Julv 4, 1862. 
Watts John, e. July 4, 1862. 

Williams Isiiac, e. Aug. 9, 1862, disd. April 14, 1865. 
Annis Myron, e. Jan. 16, 18G4. 
Gilbert L. A. e. March 15, 1864. 
Lanning Nathan, e. March 22, 1864. 
Orsborn Henry, e. March 31, 1864. 
Scott D. e. Jan. 16, 1864. 
Williams A. H. e. Feb. 22, 1864. 

Company I. 

Second Lieut. Hiram Buel, e. as private March 15, 1862, 
prnitd. sergt. then 2d lieut. March 7, 1864, res. Oct. 
24, 1864. 

Fuller Daniel E. e. Aug. 22, 1862, wd. Black Kiver Bridge 
May 17, 1863, trans, to invalid corps Feb. 15, 1864. 

Fuller F. D. e. Aug. 22, 1862. 

Company K. 

Capt. Alexander Voorhees, com. Aug. 20, 1862. 

First Lieut. Wm. \. Roberts, com. Aug. 20, 1862, wd. at 

Vicksburg, May 22, 1863, died of wds. at St. Louis 

Jan. 14, 1863. 
First Litut. Henry Harger, com. 2d lieuf. Aug. 20, 1862, 

com. 1st lieut. June 15, 1863, res Jan. 7, 1864. 
First Lieut. Lovd E. Spear, e. as private Co. I, 1st Inf. 

April 23, 1861, sergt. this Co. July 28, 1862, com. 2d 

lieut. Jan. 15, 1863, wd. at Vicksburg May 22, 1863, 

com. 1st. lieut. Jan. 8, 1864. 
Second Lieut. Duncan G. Livingston, e. as corp. Aug. 14, 

1862, com. 2d lieut. June 15, '64, commission returned. 
Sergt. Austin E. Cook, p. July 28, 1862. 
Sergt. 0. K. Nash, e. July 28, 1862. 
Sergt. A. E. Hoi)son, e. July 28, 1862, wd. at Black River, 

Miss., May 17, 1863, died May 22, 1863. 
Sergt. 0. R. Miller, e. July 28, 1862, disd. Jan. 21, 1863, 

disab. 
Corp. Wm. H. .lackson, e. July 28, 1862, died at Vicksburg 

July 4, 1863. 
Corp. Beiij. F. Metzler, e. July 28, 1862. 
Corp. .\lex. Phillips, e. Aug. 15, 1862. 
Cor]). Jacob B. Miller, e. Aug. 9, 1862, wd. at Hartsville 

and Black River. 
Corp. Leonard Archer, e. Aug. 9, 1862. 
Corp. Douglas Slawson, e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
Corp. E. Smith, e. Aug. 9, 18(V2. 
Corp. G. C. Abbey, e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
Musician J. B Toplitf, e. July 28, 1862, died at Houston, 

Mo., Dec. 28, 1862. 
Musician Jas. Slawson, e. July 28, 1862, disd. June 12, 1863, 

disab. 
Wagoner L. S. St(me. e. July 28, 1862, trans, to V. R. C. 
Blear Ennis, e. July 28,1862, disd. Jan. 21, 1863, disab. 
Brian Tbos. e. July 28, 1862. 
Blood W. W. e. July 28, 1862. 

Blood Geo. W. p. July 28, 1«62. disd. Jan. 21, 1863, disab. 
Bacon ('. D. e. July 28, 1862, died Aug. 8, '63, at Memphis. 
Beeks Jam.'S, e. July 28, ln02, disd. Jan. 21, 1863, disab. 
Cameron Chas. e. July 28, lH(i2. 
Dennis J. e. July 28, "l8(i2, disd. Jan. 21, 1863, disab. 
Dnnlap I'. II. e. July 28, 18(52. 
DunlapThoB. p. July 28, 1862. 
Dalrymple John A. e. July 28, 1862. 
Dunton C. P. e. July 28, 1862. 



Endfield Wm. e. July 28, 1862, disd. Jan. 21, 1863, disab. 
Fear Freeman, e. July 28, 1862, died July 16, 1863, at 

Memphis. 
Field Hiram, e. July 28, 1862. 
Gosling Edw. e. July 28, 1862. 
Goldsworth S. e. July 28, 1862. 
Gildersleeve F. e. July 28, 1862. 
Guthrie Thos. H. e. July 28, 1862 

Guthrie T. L. e July 28, 1862, disd. Jan. 12, 1863, disab. 
Green John A. e. July 28, 1862, wd. Dec. 27, 1864. 
Guiles Henry, e. July 28, 1862. 
Grapes Samuel, e. July 28, 1862, 
Gale Wm. e. July 28, 1862, disd. Jan. 12, 1863, disab. 
Haimon M. W. e. Jan. 28, 1862. 

Hiner Wm. e. Jan. 28, 1862, wd. May 22, 1862, at Vicks- 
burg. 
Hiner David, e. July 28, 1862, wd. 
Hiner Henry, e. July 28, 1862, wd. at Black River Bridge 

May 17, 1863, disd. June 19, 1864, wds. 
Hefner H. e. July 28, 1862, kid. at bat. of Hartsville June 

11, 1863. 
Himmel C. M. e. July 28, 1862, died at New Orleans June 

2, 1865. 
Harback C. B. e. July 28, 1862, wd. 
Horton A. F. e. July 28, 1862, wd. at Vicksburg May 22, 

1863, died May 31, 1863. 
Haslam Wm. e. July 28. 1862, kid. at bat. of Black River 

Bridge May 17, 1863. 
Hefner F. M. e. July 28, 1862, kid. at bat. of Vicksburg 

May 22, 1863, 
Jackson Jas. e. July 28, 1862. 

K.ahmer R. e. July 28, 1862, disd. May 21, 1864, disab. 
Loveless David, e. July 28, 1862, trans, to invalid corps 

Feb. 29, 1864. 
Loveless Lucius, e. July 28, 1862. 
Lees John, e. Feb. 28, 1862. 
Lukesinger Adam, wd. Jan. 11, 1863, at Hartsville, Mo. 

disd. March 16, 1863. 
Merrick Reese, e. July 28, 1862, wd. at Black River Bridg 

died May 22, 1863. 
McCutcheon Wm. A. e. July 28, 1862. 
McCartney Jas. e. July 28, 1802, wd. at Vicksburg May 

22, 1863. 
Myres Edwin, e. July 28, 1862, wd. at Black River Bridge, 

died May 20, 1863. 
Murry John, e. July 28, 1862, disd. May 23, 1803, disab. 
Nolan John, e. July 28, 1868. 
Olmstead Wm. e. July 28, 1862. 

O'Brian Walter, M. e. July 28, 1862, missing May 15, '63. 
Paul Henry, e, July 28. 1862. 
Poor Joi. e. July 28, 1862. 
Pitcher Robt. e. Julv 28, 1862, died at Benton Barracks 

Aug. 12, 1863. 
Preston Wm. e. July 28, 1862, trans, to invalid corps Nov. 

20, 1863. 
Robinson I. e. July 28, 1862, died March 25, 1803, at St. 

Louis 
Ricker John, e. July 28, 1862, died at New Orleans. 
Rutter A. e. July 28, 1862. 
Reid J. H. e. July 28, 1862. 
Robins A. e. July 28, 1862. 
Risher Robt. e. Julv 28, 1862. 
Simons Thos. e. July 28, 1802. 

Simons Geo. e. July 28, 1862, trans, to V. R. C. Feb. 29, '64. 
Sullivan John, e. July 28, 1862. 

Stone H. B. e. July 28, 1862, wd. Jan. 11, 1863, at Harts- 
ville, disd. June 18, 1863, disab. 
Smith John, e. July 28, 1862, died at New Orleans June 

19, 1804. 
Sathern L. W. e, July 28, 1862. 
Talmadge Edgar, e. July 28, 1862, died at Memphis June 

14, 1863. 
Voorhees C. C. e. July 28, 1862, captd. Feb. 22, 1804, at 

Indianola, Tex. 
Van Anthwerp J. e. July 28, 1862. 

White Ward, e. July 28, 1862, wd. Jan. 11, 1863, at Harts- 
ville, disd. April 21, 1863, disab. 
Williams John, e. July 28, 1802, died July 16, 1863, at St. 

Louis. 
Wilson Allen, e. July 28, 1862. 
Dunlap Ephraim, e. Feb. 22,1864. 
Edgiiigton M. S. e. Oct. 5, 1864. 
Green Newton, e. Feb. 26, 1864. 
Green Wm. e. Feb. 26, 1864. 
Houston J. N. e. Feb. 26. 1864. 
Hamlin Philander, e. Feb. 13, 1864. 
Karch Michael, e. Oct. 3, 1804. 
Poter Henry G. e. March 20, 1804, 
Robinson Henry, e. March 8, 1804. 
Strack, R, B. e. Feb. 26, 1864. 
Crosier Cassius M. e. Jan. 4, 1864. 



WAR RECORD OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 



447 



Smith M. A. e. Jan. 4, 18G4, died Nov. 30, '64, at Memphis. 
Lambert W. H. e. Dec. 12, 1863. 

COMPANY UNKNOWN. 

Carter Jno. M. e. Feb. 15, 1864. 
Carter Peter, e. March 15, 1864. 
Davis M. V. e. Feb. 18, 1864. 
Fields D. C. e. Feb. 18, 1864. 
Fagan Michael, e. Sept. 10, 1864. 
Gilbert Jno. A. e. Aug. 20, 1864. 
Haight A. e. Feb. 17, 1864. 
Hinkle Abner, e. Feb. 11, 1864. 
Iverson I. e. Feb. 10, 1864. 
Jones 0. S. e. Feb. 29, 1864. 
Knickerbocker A. e. Feb. 19, 1864. 
Stow H. e. Feb. 19, 1864. 
Suell Jno. \V. e. Feb. 26, 1864. 
Thompson \Vm. e. Feb. 12. 1864. 
White Benj. F. e. Feb. 28, 1864. 
White Ward, e. Feb. 18, 1864. 

TWENTY-SEVENTH INFANT.KY. 

Company F, Twenty-Seventh Regiment, was formed at 
Greeley in 186ii, from men enlisted in Coffin's Grove, Man- 
chester and Greeley. The people of Greeley gave the 
men a bountiful dinner and presented the company with 
a flag on the day they met and chose their officers. The 
regiment went into camp for drill at Dubuque, but was 
sent to Minnesota in October of that year to act as escoit 
to the officers paying the friendly Indians in that State. 
The command was then ordered to Cairo, and thence to 
Memphis. The regiment was moved, under Sherman, in 
the demonstration against the rebels at the Tallahatchie. 
December 21st, six companies of the regiment moved into 
Holly Springs, just vacated by Van Dorn. In January, 
1863, the regiment took part in the engagement at Lex- 
ington, Tenn., where Forrest was badly trounced. In 
August, the regiment was sent to Arkansas, and assisted 
in the capture of Little R<ick. It remained at that place 
till November, when it returned to Memphis. 

The following extract from a letter published in the 
Delmoare Couttty Union of April 1, 1864, from Lieut. W. 
N. Boynton, of the Twenty-seventh Iowa Infantry, dated 
Vicksburg, March 10, will give some idea of the services 
performed by that regiment: 

"We have just returned from one of the biggest 
marches ever made by infantry during this war, having 
marched entirely across the Sttite of Mississippi and back 
again, a distance of 475 miles ; and this, too, without find- 
ing any force of the enemy worth mentioning. We left 
Vicksburg on the 3d of February and returned on the 5th 
of March, having had some of the prettiest weather ever 
known at this time of the year. It only rained a part of 
two days during the entire time. We destroyed fifty-five 
miles of railroad, burned nine towns, viz : Jackson (the 
remnant), Morton, Brandon, Hillsboro, D^catur, Merid- 
ian, Enterprise (by the 7th .\rmy (!orps), Marion, Marion 
Station and a little town called Union. All of these were 
most effectually cleaned out. We also burned eighteen 
railroad bridges, twenty-two water tanks and seven rail- 
road depots, cotton and cotton gins too numerous to men- 
tion. Dwelling houses also caught a foretaste of the 
future. In fact, complete devastation and desolation fol- 
lowed us everywhere. Never have I had better reasons 
for thanking my 'lucky star' that war was not in the 
'land of my home,' than on this occasion. Well may 
the people of the North thank God, or ' Grant's big guns, 
with fighting boys to man them,' that war is not at their 
doors." 

March 10, 1864, the regiment started from Vicksburg 
on the Red River expedition, and four days after assisted 
In the capture of Fort DeRusfey. Col. Woods says the 
regiment moved too rapidly for a long charge, but all the 
time under good control. The boj's mounted the parapet 
and fired on the rebels, who immediately raised the white 
flag and surrendered. The regiment reached Grand 
Ecore, La., April 4, and on the 9th was in the engagement 
at Pleasant Hill. Cavalry charged upon the position occu- 
pied by the Twenty-seventh, resulting in the annihilation 
of the attacking force. Later in the day, tbe regiment 
was under a heavy fire for two hours, and came near 
being captured, owing to the other forces near by having 
withdrawn. When the order came to retreat, the regi- 
ment was being pressed hard on the flanks, but after a 
sharp struggle, marched off in line, and in good order. 
Capt. Holbrook, of Company F, received special mention 
for his bravery in this action. After being severely 
woxjnded, he continued at the head of his company until 
a second wound compelled him to seek a Surgeon's care. 



The next day, Gen. Banks ordered a retreat, and up to 
May 19, the Twenty-seventh heard the roar of artillery 
almost daily. May 18, the regiment took part in the bat- 
tle of Yellow Bayou, in which it lost three men killed 
and fourteen wounded. The regiment marched to Mem- 
phis, and on the 6th of June assisted in driving the 
enemy off the field at Ditch Bayou, Ark. July 14 and 15, 
the command took an honorable part in the battles of 
Tupelo and Old Town Creek. The regiment was in the 
heavy fighting near Nashville, December 15, and on the 
following day the command made a brilliant charge on 
the works at Mountain Heights, driving the rebels out of 
their intrenchments and into the woods. 

April 9, 1865, the Twenty-seventh was in the charging 
forces that captured Fort Blakely, Ala. Thence the reg- 
iment marched to Montgomery, and was present at its 
surrender. July 15, the regiment was ordered to Mem- 
phis, and thence to Clinton, where it was mustered out. 
During its term of service, this regiment marched over 
three thousand miles, and traveled Ijy rail and steamboat 
over ten thousand miles. As can be seen above, its record 
is a prond one, and it is a matter of congratulation that 
the men of Company F, who escaped the perils of the bat- 
tles they were engaged in, are in our midst, useful and 
honored citizens. 

[Note. — This regiment was mustered out of service at 
Clinton Aug. 8, ISO.'i. Officers not otherwise accounted for 
were mnMered otU as loith regiment. 

Asst Surg. Albert Boomer, com. Sept. 16, 1862, res. Aug. 

22, 1864. 

Marsh Ed. L. e. Jan. 23, 1864. 

Company E. 

Hanna H. D. e. Feb. 26, 1864. 
Capt. F. W. Coolridge, e. Feb. 25, 1863. 
Capt. Joseph F. Eldridge, e. Feb. 25, 1863. 
Capt. Luther Koltenback, e. Feb. 25, 1863. 
Capt. Henry M. Preston, Feb. 29, 1864. 

Company F. 

Capt. Wm. W. Bickford, com Oct 3, 1862, res. Apr. 9, 1863 ' 
Capt. Jos. M. Holbrook, com. 1st lieut. Oct. 3, 1862, 

promtd. capt. Apr. 27, 1863, wd. at battle Pleasant 

Hill. 
First Lieut, Wm. N. Boynton, com. 2d lieut. Oct. 3, 1862, 

promtd. Ist lieut. April 27, 1863. 
Sec. Lieut. Jacob S. Eisenhart, e. as sergt. Aug. 8, 1862^ 

com. 2d lieut. April 27, 1883. 
Sergt. Wm. Williams, e. Aug. 11, 1862. 
Sergt. Chas. S. Taylor, e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
Sergt. Chas. D. Skinner, e. Aug. 11, 1862, disd. Nov. 24, 

1862. 
Sergt. F. M. Gray, e. Aug. 15, 1862, disd. April 6, 1863. 
Corp. Howard Lathrop, e. Aug. 15, 1862. 
Corp. John R. Minkler, e. Aug. 11, 1862, trans, to invalid 

corps Sept. 30, 1863. 
Corp. Wm. J. Millett, e. Aug. 15, 1S62. 
Corp. A. D. Hubbell, e. Aug. 15, 1862. 
Corp. C. 0. Torrey, e. Aug. 15, 1862, wd. Apri 19, 1864, at 

Pleasant Hill, La. 
Corp. Geo. W. Cromwell, e. Aug. 11, 1862, captd. died Aug. 

2, 1864, at Andersonville. 
Corp. Jas. W. Kingery, e. Aug, 12, 1862. 
Musician John McKinnis, e. Aug. 14,1862. 
Musician Wm. G. McLaine, e. Aug. 12, 1862. 
Musician E. Martindale, e. Aug. 12, 1862. 
Wagoner R. B. Wilson, e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
Arnold Geo. P. e. Aug. 11, 1862, died at Little Rock Sept. 

23, 1863. 

Abby G. e. Aug. 13, 1862. 

Barnes Seymour, e. Aug. 13, 1862, disd. March 14, 1865. 

Bower B. F. e. Aug. 11, 1862, disd. Feb. 19, 1863. 

Burhus H. C. e. Aug. 11, 1862, died at Dubuque, la., Nov. 

1, 1862. 
Barr Chas. e. Aug. 14, 1862, died Nov. 10, 1863, at St. 

Louis. 
Bernard H. K. e. Aug. 15, 1862. 
Brown A. J. e. Aug. 11, 1862, disd. May 13, 1863. 
Calvin Harmon, e. Aug. 11, 1862, captd. April 9, 1864, at 

Pleasant Hill, La. 
Clark C. E. e. Aug. 12, 18()2, disd. June 20, 1865, disab. 
Clark Wm. H. e. Aug. 14, 1862, wd. July 15, 1864. 
Combz A. J. e. Aug. 15, 1862, disd. 
Correll H. A. e. Aug. 15, 1862. 
Crozier Geo. e. Aug. 11, 1862. 
Cole Edwin, e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
Colson D. G. e. Aug. 12, 1862, died March 23, 1863, at 

Jackson, Tenn. 



448 



WAR RECORD OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 



Coats Jo?, e. Aug. 12, 1862, disd. April 2, 1863. 

Dood N. H e. Aug. 15,1862. 

Duncan Uarvey, e. Aug. 15, 1802, disd. Jan. 10, 1863. 

Dugliis H. R. e. Aug. 15, 1862, died Dec. 22, 1862, at Tal- 

laliatihie, Miss. 
German H. 11. e. Aug. 11, 1862. 
Henry Jas. W. e. Aug. 15, 1862, disd. April 23, 1863. 
Hobart N. L. e. Aug. 15, 1862. 
Hill Francis, e. Aug. 15, 1862. 
Horn Wni. M. e. Aug. U, 1862, wd. and captd. April 9, 

1864, disd. June 20, 1865. 
Jones Clias. e. Aug. 14, 1802, disd. April 7, 1863. 
Jones Wm. D. e. Aug. 15, 1862, died Marcli 22, 1864. 
Kiiiyon Bradford, e. Aug. 12, 1862, disd. May 13, 1863. 
Knee Jas. e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
King Lewis, e. Aug. 15, 1862. 
Lathrop Geo. B. e. Aug. 12, 1862. 
Lelacheur Jno. H. e. Aug. 15, 1862, wd. April 9, 1864, 

drowned Sept. 10, 1864, at Cairo. 
Lewis Itullin, e. Aug. 14, 1862, wd. April 9, 1804, disd. 

March 23, 1805. 
MuUvany Wni. J. e. Aug. 15, 1862, wd. April 9, 1804, at 

Plea.sant Hill. 
Moore Jno. 1$. e. Aug.ll, 1802. 

Mansfield Jno.G. e. Aug. 13, 1862, disd. Nov. 7, 1862. 
MinklerEwd. A. e. Aug. 11, 1802, wd. an<l captd. April 9, 

1864, at Pleasant Hill, died Nov. 20, 1864, at Cairo. 
Minkler Geo. e. Aug. 12, 1862, died. April 4, 1863. 
Minkler C. V. e. Aug. 14, 1862, disd. June 20, 1865. 
Morris A. e. Aug. 12, 1862. 
Morris P. e. Aug. 11,1862. 
Morse Alpheus, e. Aug. 12, 1862, wd. May 18, 1864, at 

Yellow Bayou, La., disd. May 16, 1x65. 
Montgomeo' \Vm. e. Aug. 14, 1862, died Jan. 26, 1864, at 

Centralia. HI. 
Malugin A. W. e. Aug. 14, 1862, disd. Jan. 20, 1865. 
Moore II. II. e. Aug, 14, 1802, disd. Jan. 6, 1863. 
Nelson Clias. e. Aug. 12, 1862. 

Nute Jno. e. Aug. 12, 1862, died March 9, 1863, at Jackson. 
Perry H. W. e. Aug. 14, 1802, wd. April 9, 1804. at Pleas- 
ant Hill. 
Paxton S. A. e. Aug. 15, 1802, died Nov. 1, 1862. 
Peers Curtis C. e. Aug. 13, 1802, wd. and captd. April 9, 

1864, at Pleasant Hill. 
Putnam 0. e. Aug. 14,1862, captd. Feb. 22, 1864, at Union, 

Miss., died at Andeisonville, Sept. 20, 1864. 
KardinSaml, e. Aug. 15, 1862, disd. June 21, 1865. 
Robertson M. U. e. Aug. 14, 1802, died Jan. 29, 1803, at 

Jackson. 
Rolf Kwd. e. Aug. 15, 1802. 
Roe D. E. e. Aug. 11, 1862, trans, to inv. corps June 1, 

1804. 
Rulon H. e. Aug. 14,1862, disd. Feb. 19,1863. 
Shilling F. e. Aug. 15, 1862. 

Sherman D.e. Aug. 13, 1862, disd. March 18, 1863. 
Sargeant Van B. \V. e. Aug. 15, 1862, wd. May 15, 1864, at 

Yellow Bayou. 
Smith Jno. K. e. Aug. 15, 1862, disd June 10.1863. 
Stevens D. D. e. Aug. 14, 1862, drowned June 16, 1863, at 

St. Louis. 
Sh'-rman K. e. Aug. 11, 1863. 
Scarbrough M. U. e. Aug. 14, 1862, wd. at Pleasant Hill 

and Tupelo, died Feb. 27, 1865, in Misi. 
Smith Geo. W. e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
Talcott L. C. e. Aug. 14, 1802. 
Tripp A. W. e. Aug. 14, 1862, disd. June 0, 1803. 
Tripp C. P. e. Aug. 13, 1862, wd. at Tupelo and Nash- 
ville. 
Utley Clias. L. Aug. 13, 1862, wd. April 9, 1804, at Pleas- 
ant Hill 
Whitson \Vm, e. Aug. 13, 1802. 
Wilcox F. N. 0. Aug. 14, 1802, died June 8, 1863. 
Walker Daniel, e. Aug. 15, 1862, wd. July 14, 1864, at 

Tupelo. 
Waters Thomas, e. Aug. 15,*1862, disd. June 24, 1865. 
Welsh Jiis. e. Aug. 15, 1862, wd. April 9, 1804, at Pleasant 

Hill. 
Barrett, Jos. L. e. Dec. 22, 1863, disd. April 14, 1805. 
Grice A. J. e. Dec. 23, 1805. 
Hoag Ezra, e. Jan. 6, 1864, died Juno 5, 1864, on sUnr 

Diadem. 
Lukcns, Joa. e. Dec. 22, 1863. 
Crocker Benj. P. e. Jan. 28, 1864. 
Clark Judsoii. e. Jan. 15, 1864. 
Fnem m E. J. e. Jan. 15, 1864. 
Smith T.J. ... Feb. 1,1803. 

Thompson F. A. o. Feb. 1, 1864, died June 23, 1864 at 
Memphis. 

Company H. 

Hammond Newton, e..\iig. 22, lSii2, di.sd. Jiilv 15 1861. 



FORTY-FOURTH INFANTRY. 

(lUO days.) 

This regiment was recruited as a 100-day regiment' 
and went into camp at Davenport early iu the Spring of 
1804. It did guard and garrison duty at Memphis and 
La Grange, Teiin., during the Summer, and, on expira- 
tion of the term of service, returned to Davenport, where 
the men were mustered out. The history of the regi- 
ment is uneventful. 

[Note. — This regimanl was mustered out at Dnvenport, 
Seiit. 15, 1S6U.] 

Company A, 

Bunn Jacob, e. May 12, 1804. 

Company C. 

Second Lieut James Spence, e. as sergt., prmtd. to sea- 

ond lieut. July 10, 1864. 
Sergt. Wm. B. Morgan, e. as corpl. April 30, 1S64, prmtd. 

to sergt. 
Corpl. Edmond P. Weatherby, e. April 30, 1864. 
Corpl. Thos. J. Edgington, e. April 30, 1864. 
Corpl. Kobt. B. Marshall, e. April 30, 1864. 
Musician John E. Davis, e. May 1. 1864. 
Dunn Jerome, e. May 14, 1864. 
Laughlin, Jas. C. e. April 30, 1864. 
McCutchcon Jas. H. e. May 12, 1864. 
Smith Ed. M. e. April 30, 1864. 
Smith Jas. A. e. April 30, 1804. 
Streeper Wm. T. e. May 14, 1864. 
Whitaker, Wm. K. e. April 30, 1864. 
Woods Renwick, e. May 7, 1804. 

Company E. 

Sergt. C. T. Peet, e. as private May 1, '64, prmtd. to sergt. 
Baldwin Frank, e.May 12, 1864. 
Lynes, A. J. e. May 18, 1864. 
Myers Jas. H. e May 18, 1864. 
Peet Robert, e. May 6, 1864. 

FORTY-SIXTH INFANTRY. 

This was also a 100-day regiment. It went into service 
at Davenport, Jnne 10, 1864, and was forwarded to Cairo 
and thence to Memphis, arriving at the latter place June 
20. June 27, the regiment was ordered to Camp Look- 
out, near CoUiersville, Tenn., where the men did heavy 
duty, being on picket alternate days for about two 
months. The only brush with the enemy occurred at 
that place in August. A squad of guerrillas captured two 
pickets, and a detachment was sent out to rescue them, 
if possible. In the skirmish that followed, four of our 
men were wounded. September 1, the Forty-si.\th re- 
turned to Memphis, and on the lOtli of the same month 
started homeward, reaching Davenport on the lOlh. The 
regiment was mustered out and paid off on the 23d. 

[Note. — This regimtnt was mustered out at Davenport, 
Sept. 23, 186/,.] 

Piin. musician, Buel G. Dunham, e. May 19, 1864 from 
Co. F. 

Company A. 

Carter Jas. E. e. May 18, 1864. 
Sbafer Oliver, e. May 9, 1804. 
Shaffer Ensign, e. May 20, 1864. 

Company F. 

Capt. James Hawkins, com. June 10, 1864. 

Second Lieut. John F. Merry, com. June 10, 1864. 

Sergt. Cyrus Craig,.e. May 18, 1864. 

Sergt. Henry Stroud, e. May 20, 1804. 

Corpl. David Witter, e. May 18, 1864. 

Corpl. Jas. W. Wright, e. May 17, 1864. 

Corpl. John W. Cattron, e. May 18. 1864. 

Musician M. P.Towslee, e. May 18^ 1864. 

Wagoner Clark Towsl^e, e. May 10, 1864. 

B.iylan Thos. J. e. May 18, 1864. 

Babcock W. G. e. May 18, 1804. 

Blatt John, e. May 20, 1804. 

Box M. Van Buren, e. May 30, 1864. 

Besst Solomon, e. May 30, 1864. 

Cummings Clias. W. e. May 30, 1804. 

Conner Thos. J. e. May 18, 1864. 

Craig Wm., e. May 18, 1864. 

Dunham li. G. c May 18. 18f4, prmtd. to prin. musician. 

Davis A. «. e. May 18, 1804, died in September, 1804. 



WAR RECORD OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 



449 



Felter Joha W. e. May 18, 1864. 
Fowler Edward, e. May 18, 1864. 

Flanders 0. B. e. May 18, 1864, died at Jefferson Bar- 
racks, Mo. Sept. 20, 1864. 
Fox Henry 0. e. May 18, 1864. 
Falrchild I'aleb, e. May '20, 1864. 
Gulnn John S. e. May 18, 1864. 
Ooodmau Henry, e. May 30, 1864. 
Gilbert Cha.s. H, e. May 18, 1864. 
Hyde Sauiiu'l, e. May 18, 1864. 
Knee David, e. May 18, 1864. 
Livingstine Eli, e. May 20, 1864. 
Maxwell Henry, e. May 3o, 1864. 
Odell Gabriel, e. May 18, 1864. 
Robinsuii J as. M. e. May 18, 1864. 
Bea Geo. W. e. May 18, 1864. 
Eodobaw Jonathan, e. May 18,1864. 
Slathery Michael, e. May 18, 1864. 
Sims Thos. L. e. May 18, 1864. 
Smith Albert, e. May 18, 1864. 
Smith Robert, e. May IS, 1864. 
Tompkins Wm. e. May 18, 1864. 
Trowbridge, e. May IS, 1864. 
Veasy Albert, e. May 7, 1864. I 

Wheeler Jas. A. e. May 18, 1864. 

MISCELLANEOUS INFANTRY. j 
Second Vet. Infantry. | 

First Serj. John H. Earle, e. June 8, 1861, re-e. as vet. Jan. 

4, 1864, m. o. July 12, 1865. 
Sergt. Nelson II. Winn, e. June 8, 1861, re-e. as vet. Jan. 4, 

1864, m. o. July 12, 1865. 
Keidle Frederick, e. June 8, 1861, re-e. as vet. Jan. 4, 1864, 

m. o. July 12, 1865. 
Messer G. e. June 8, 18G1, re-e. as vet. Jan. 4, 1864, m. o. 

July 12, 1865. 
Sanlord George, e. June 8, 1861, re-e. as vet. Jan. 4, 1864, 

m. o. July 12, 1865. 

Fourteenth Infantry Battalion. 

Murray Jas. L. e. Dec. 9, 1863, trans, from Co. H, m. o 

Nov. 16, 1864. 
Sergt. Myron L. Roberts, e. Nov. 3, 1862, m. o. Nov. 16, '64. 
Corp. Marcellus Whitcomb, e. Apr. 15, '63, m.o. Nov. 16,'64. 

Sixteenth Infantry. 

Custar Columbus, e. April 25, 1864, wd. at Atlanta, Ga. 

July 21, disd. April 3, 1865. 
Corp. James M. Lee, e. Jan. 2, 1862, re-e. as vet. Jan. 1,'64, 

m. o. July 19, 1864. 
Coltenbaugh M e. Jan. 1, 1862, re-e. as vet. Jan. 1, 1864, 

wd. Oct. 3, 1862, m. o. July 19, 1864. 
Calhoun H. e. Jan. 12, 1862, died March 1, 1862. 
Carter John, e. Feb. 28, 1862, m. o. July 19, 1864. 
Kane John A. e. Jan. 3, 1862, m. o. July 19, 1864. 
Kaster R. e. March 6, 1862, wd. April, 6, 1862, at Shiloh, 

disd. Sept. 1862. 
Launlng R. e. March G, 1862, re-e. as vet. March 6, 1864, 

wd. July 21, 1864, captd. July 22, 1864, at Atlanta, m. 

0. July 19. 1864. 
Mesher J. e. Jan. 6, 1864. 
Wilson Thos. e. March 5, 1862, m. o. July 19, 1864. 

Seventeenth Infantry. 

Davis Leander, e. March 15, 1862, re-e. as vet. March 20, 
1864, captd. Oct. 13 at Tilton, Ga., m. o. July 25, 1865. 

Thirty-first Infantry. 

Cane Thomas, e. Aug. 20, 1862, m. o. June 27, 1865. 
Kortright R. F. e. Aug. 21, 1862, trans, to inv. corps May 

1, 1864, m. o. June 27, 1865. 
Mathew John H. e. Aug. 14, 1862, wd. m. o. June 27, 1865. 

Thirty-second Infantry. 

Surg. Philander Byam, com. asst. surg. April 3, 1863, com. 
surg. Jan. 15, 1865, m. o. Aug. 24, 1865. 

Thirty-sixth Infantry (Cray Beards). 

Asst. Surg. Geo. S. Dewitt, com. Jan. 2, '63, res. Feb. 17,'63 

Thirty-seventh Infantry. 

Pinuey J. 1,. e. Dec. 26, 1862, died Feb. 18, 1864, at Rick 
Island 



Forty-eighth Infantry. 

Corp. Thomas L. Guthrie, e. as private May 10, '64, pmitd. 

to Corp. m. o. Oct. 21, 1864. 
Blanch Chas. H. e. May 14, 1864, m. o. Oct. 21, 1864. 

First Infantry, A. D. <60th U. S. 
Vols., A. D.) 

First Lieut. Wm. H. Williams, com. 2d lieut. Co. A Oct. 11, 
1863, prmtd. to Ist lieut. this Co. Sept. 19, 1864, m. o. 
Oct. 15, 1865. 

First Iowa Infantry I African descent). 

Second Lieut. Wm. U. Williani.s, com. March 1, 1862, m* 
o. Aug. 25, 1861. 

One Hundred and Twenty-sixth 
Illinois Infantry. 

Kisher Oliver, e. Dec. 15, 1863. 

FIRST CAVALRY. 

The First Cavalry was recruited during the Summer of 
1861. Its services began during the following Winter. 
Its first action was at Silver Creek, Mo., where the rebel 
camp was attacked and routed. In February, 1862, a 
detachment from the First helped surprise and capture 
Gen. Price at Warsaw. Another detachment had a brush 
with guerillas near Montevallo in the following April. 
During the ne.xt few months, the regiment had skirmishes 
with the rebels near Clinton, Big Creek, Clear Creek and 
Newtonia. Decembar 7th, the first and third battalions 
participated in the battle at Prairie Grove. That month 
the command assisted at the capture of Van Buren, 
where a number of steamboats, several hundred prisoners 
and a large amount of stores fell into the hands of our 
forces. April 26, 1863, the mo.st of the regiment was con- 
cerned in a night attack upon a portion of Marmaduke's 
forces, breaking up the camp and inflicting heavy loss. 
August 26 and 27, the regiment did gallant service at 
White River. From September 10 until the following 
January, the First was stationed at Little Rock. April 
24, 1864, the command repulsed a charge of the enemy at 
Mono River, and had a share in the battle at Jenkins' 
Ferry on the 30th. The regiment continued duiug scout 
service until January, 1865, when they were sent to Dar- 
danelle, and had a brush with Col. Cooper, driving him ofl' 
the field. They went thence to Pine Bluff, and to Mem- 
phis. From this place they made two incursions into 
Mis-issippi. After the war closed, much to the disappoint- 
ment of the men, the regiment was ordered to Texas 
under Custer. On the route two or three of the regiment 
committed s >me depredations on the inhabitants, contrary 
to specefic orders from Gen. Custer, who was in command. 
A few of the men were il.tect.d and ordered to be flogged. 
This order created much bitterness of feeling toward 
Custer, which had hardly disapiieared when he met tragic 
death on the plains. 

[Note. — Tim reyiment was mustered out at Austin, Texas, 
February 15, 1S06.] 

Company C. 

La Costa N. vet. Dec. 24, 1863. 
Lee Callender, e. Dec. 17, 1863. 

Company C. 

Second Lieut. Eli Waring, e. as private, prmtd. to corp. 
then sergt., re-e. as vet. Jan. 5, 1864, prom. 2d lieut. 
Jan. 3, 1865. 
Bugler Hiram J. Dunwell. 
Dubois Geo. H. re-e. as vet. Feb. 29, 1864. 
Foukes Allen. 
Kintz Augustus J. committed suicide May 31, 1863, at 

Luke Springs, Mo. 
Monroe Jack, deserted Nov. 16, kid. in Jefl"er8on City, Mo. 

Dec. 15, 1861, in attempting to rob a store. 
Rudolph A. F. ^ ^. 

Skinner E. J. e. June 13, 1861, disd. July 15, 1862, for dis- 
ability. 
Stone James L. disd. for disability June 3, 1862. 
Trenehard S. W. _ 
Skinner B. F. e. Aug. 15, 1861. 
Timmins W. W. e. 1861, re-e. as vet. Jan. 5. 1864. 
Morgan Ari, e. 1S61, le-e. as vet. Jan. 5, 1864. 



Company L. 



Q. M. Sergt. Hiram A. Park, e. Aug. 15, 1861. 
Dodd Garrett. 



450 



WAR RECORD OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 



Guthrie Wm. S. 

Miller Andrew, re-e. as vet. Jan. 5, 1864. 
Soniers Joiib, re-e. as vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
McCIavey James, e. Dec. 13, 1863. 

SECOND CAVALRY. 

The Second Cavalry contained thirty-seven men from 
this connty, and was also raised in ISfil. It be^an active 
service under Gen. Grant in the operations against New 
Madrid and Island No. 10, giving Jeff Thompson a rattling 
chase, and capturing many of his men and horses. Dur- 
ing the ."Spring of 1862, the Second had skirmishes with 
the enemy at Monterey, Farmington, Jacinto, Boonville 
and Oorinth, being invariably successful. The regiment 
continne<I having frequent brushes with the enemy until 
October 28, seizing ammunition, c^ipturing prisoners and 
guarding the lines. In .\pril, 1863, the Second encoun- 
tered Gen. Chalmers' force, vastly outnumbering that 
coinmand, but retreated leisurely back to camp without 
serious loss. During this raid, the men obtained a re- 
mount from horses captured from the enemy. D. E. Coon 
commanded the regiment during its raid around Jackson, 
in which it ran against Forrest, but coming off in good 
shape. In Angvist, the Second fought its way to Grenada, 
where an immense amount of railway property was 
seized and destroyed. In June, 1864. the regiment marched 
under Gen. Smith in pursuit of Forrest, in which Lieut. 
B. K. Watson ol)tained special mention from liis com- 
mandine otTiccr. In August, Gen. Smith gave the Second 
b<\vs a little more exercise. During the succeeding Au- 
tumn, the regiment had skirmishes at Shoal Creek, Aber- 
deen, Butler Creek, Ijawrenceburg, Campbellville, Linn- 
ville, Mount Carmel and New Franklin. The last heavy 
duty of the regiment was in the battle in front of Nash- 
ville ill the closing days of 1864. in which the regiment 
did valuable service, and joined in the chase of Hood's 
demoralized forces. In the marching which followed, the 
Second picked up two hundred prisoners and one battle 
flag. The regiment was mustered out in Alabama, Sep- 
tember 3, ISai. 

[Note. — This regiment was mustered out at Selma,Ala., 

Sept. 7.9. isnr,.] 

B. C. S. Geo. M. Scripture, e. Aug. 4, 1861, deserted Aug. 
3, 1862. 

Company B. 

Teamster N. M. Ives, e. .Inly 30, 1861. 

Company C. 

Abbott A. J. e. llec. 1.5, ISnj, m. o. Oct. 10. 

Company I. 

Capt. Benj. K. Watson, e. as sergt. Aug. 31, 1861, prmtd. 

1st sergt. Dec. 19, 1861. prmtd. 2d lieut. Oct. 16, 1862, 

prmtd. capt. .Ian. 21, 1865. 
First Lieut. Jno. W.Wright, com. 2d lieut. Aug. 31,1861, 

prmtd. Ist lieut. Dr-c. 1, 1801, res. Sept. .5, 186.5. 
Q. M. S. Wm S. Babcock, e. Aug. 4. 1861, wd. at Prairie 

Station, Miss. Feb. 21, 1864. 
Q. M. S, Ifeiirv Trenchard, e. Aug. 4, 1861, re-e. March 1, 

1864, disd. Aug. 20, 1865. 
Sergt. .lohn McMarlin, re-e. as vet. March 1, 1864. 
Corp. Garrett L. Thorp, e Aug. 14, 1861. 
Corp. Thos. Conner, e. Aug. 14, 1861. 

Bugler Geo. W. Barden, e. Aug. 4, 1861, disd. for disabil- 
ity April 11, 1862. 
Bugler Jos G. Thompson, e. Aug. 4, 1861. 
Farrier Edmond Rich, e. Aug. 14, 1861. 
Saddler E. (\ Albrook. e. Sept. 26, 1861. 
Wagoner Isaac Wilson, e. Aug. 14, 1861, died Dec. 16, 

1864, of wds. received at battle of Nashville. 
Wagoner Van Rensselaer Kellv. e. Aug. 4. 1861. 
Brown C. F. e. Aug. 14. 1861, kid. in battle Nov. 3, 1863. 
Belden D. e. Aug. 14,1861. 

Barden Silai, e. Aug. 4. 1861, re-e. as vet. March 1, 1S64. 
Bremmer Wm. e. Aug. 4, 1861, wd. in Tenn. April 27, '62. 
Bradfield .To^hna. e. Aug. 4, 1861, kid. at Little Uarpeth, 

Tenn. Dec. 17, 1864. 
Bryan C. e. Aug. 14. 1861. died Oct. 27, 1861. 
Clark A.e. Aug. 4,1861. 

Dodd .las. G. e. Aug. 4, 1861, re-e. as vet. Margh 1, 1864. 
riiilbert Chas. e. Aug. 4. 1861, re-e. as vet. March 1. 1864. 
Tlouser I). M. e. Aug. 4. '61, disd. for disability Oct. 20, '62. 
Ireland .Fas. e. Aug. 14, 1861. 
McMnrtin Jno. e. Aug. 4. 1861. 

Mcf'onnell .las. e. Aug. 14, 1861, re-e. March 1, 1864. 
Butter H. E. re-e. March 1,1864. 



Rich Edmond, e. Aug. 14, 1861, re-e. as vet. March 1, '64 

Thorp G. L. e. Aug. 14, 1861. 

W'ood John, e. Aug. 14, 1861, wd. at Prairie Station, Miss. 

Feb. 2, 1864. 
Wragg Peter, e. Aug. 14, 1861. 
Cromwell Geo. W. e. Sept. 25, 1861, disd. for disability 

April 7, 1862. 
Albrook J. B. e. Oct. 3, 1864. 
Rutter J. A. e. Feb. 26, 1864. 

Company M. 

Abbott A. J. e. Dec. 15, 1862. 

Hathaway Lewis H. e. in 1861, re-e. as vet. March 1, 1864, 

died of wds. received at battle of Nashville, Dec. 23, 

1864. 
Rice E. P. e. in 1861, re-e. as vet. March 1, 1864. 

Unassigned. 

Roberts F. S. e. Feb. 20, 1864. 
Shultz Chas e. Feb. 29, 1864. 

FOURTH CAVALRY. 

Company B, of the Fourth Cavalry, was mainly re- 
cruited at Delhi, this county having seventy-nine men in 
the regiment. The serious business of the regiment 
began January 14, 1863, and continued for over tliree 
months, the command being stationed near Helena, Ark. 
The regiment occupied the advance in Sherman's corps 
while moving from Milliken's Bend to Vicksbiirg. 

The Federal lines were thrown around the rear of 
Vicksburg on the 18th day of May, 1863, under command 
of Gen. U. S. Grant, who found liimself in command of 
about sixty thousand men — cut off from supplies, ai d his 
rations almost exhausted. The fortifications of Hainea' 
and Snyder's Bluffs on the Yazoo River effectually cut 
off all ccmmunicalion between tlie right Hank and the 
supply boats on the Mississippi, while Gen. Price rendered 
land transportation impracticable. 

On the evening of the 18th of May, Gen. Grant deter- 
mined to send the cavalry to reconnoiter in the direction 
of Haines' and Snyder's Bluffs, and, if possible, open com- 
munication with gunboats on the Yazoo River. The 
Fourth Iowa was ordered on this expedition, and started 
early on the morning of the 19th, but moved very slowly, 
as they were constantly picking up the foot-sore and dis- 
abled soldiers of the rebel army that had es'«ped from 
the battle fields of Champion Hill and Black River 
Bridges ; and by 2 o'clock P. M. they had only made about 
twelve miles, reaching a point where the Brownsville 
road crossed the one on which the column was marching. 
The reports received from captured soldiers and negroes 
placed a command of some four thousand rebels a short 
distance up tlie Brownsville road, and estimated the gar- 
rison at Snyder's Bluff at four thousand more, which 
would make it e.xtreraely hazardous for a small command 
to cross the Brownsville road. At this juncture. Col. 
Swan, commanding the regiment, determined to return. 
Seeing the regiment reversed and marching back was the 
first intimation Capt. Peters had of the movement, as he 
was at the rear. He immediately hastened to Col. Swan, 
and endeavored to dissuade iiim, justly arguing that they 
could not return and make a satisfactory report, without 
at least attempting to execute the instructions. Unable 
to change the Colonel's dett-rmination, he urged to be 
allowed to take his old company and make an attempt to 
look Into the rebel fortifications. His ofl'er was at 
first refused, and tlie proposition looked upon as wildly 
desperate and reckless ; but, after moving back for a mile 
or two, the Colonel finally consented, agreeing to throw 
his regiment into line, await his rettirn, and render what 
assistance the occasion might require. Capt. Peters then 
rode to Company B and called for volunteers, when the 
whole company, to a man, turned out. He seli'ctcd only 
such horses as in liis judgment would carry their riders 
ten miles at a fast gait, and found but twenty-three men, 
his two Lieutenants and Lieut. S. P. Kelly, of Company 
A, who volunteered to take his place in the ranks and 
accompany the expedition. They started at the gallop, 
and in twenty minutes came upon a convalescent camp 
containing some two or three hundred rebel soldiers. 
They next surprised and captured an Irishman, i^i citi- 
zen's dress and well mounted. The Captain chargeil him 
with being a rebel soldier and belonging to the fortifica- 
tions, and offered him his liberty and a free pass to St Louis 
if he would conduct him into tlie fortifications by a route 
that would avoid the rebel pickets. Tliis proposition was 
acc'pted, and as the column had all tlie time been riding 
at a fast gallop, they were soon at the foot of Snyder's 



WAR RECORD OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 



451 



Bluff. The guide here pointed out a by-path, through 
the brush and timber, capable of the passage of troops in 
single file. Entering this path, the party soon arrived 
at the top of the bluff, and came out upon a broad mili- 
tary road leading into the fortifications, and formed in a 
column of fours, and at a sharp gallop turned the corner 
leading into the fortifications, sloping from their feet grad- 
ually down to the Yazoo River. The guard left by the evac- 
uating rebels endeavored hastily to form a line across the 
road, but the column of cavalry charged down upon 
th^'m so suddenly that not a shot was fired, and in an 
instant they threw down theirarms and surrendered. The 
cavalrymen were immediately dismounted and dispersed 
in every direction, in squads of threes and fours, so that 
in less than twenty minutes the whole rear guard of 
evacuating rebel forces were moving, di'iarmed, toward 
the landing on the Yazoo River An uns iccessful attempt 
was then made to signal the gunboat " De Kalb," lying 
some four miles down the river. After a few moments, 
Capt. Peters ordered Lieut. Clark and two men to go 
down the I'iver and communicate with the gunboat, and, 
directing Lieut. Parsons to look after the prisoners, he 
took three men and started for Haines' Bluff, situated 
some three miles up the river. Here he found no troops, 
and, after counting the guns and making observations 
until dark, he returned to the landing at Snyder's Bluff. 
The gunboat "De Kalb" had arrived, the prisoners were 
received on board, the cavalrymen were eating their sup- 
per, the first " square meal" for fourteen days, and Capt. 
Peters was taken from the saddle and carried to the 
officers' deck, where a sumptuous repast was awaiting. 
After eating supper — in regular gunboat style — and 
directing an orderly boat to communicate the capture to 
the transports on the Mississippi, he and his men re- 
mounted and started back to join their command, but 
found it gone. Continuing their march, they arrived, at 
2 o'clock A. M., fit the camp they had left the previous 
morning. Here Capt. Peters learned that Col. Swan had 
reported to Gen. Grant the failure of his expedition, and 
that Capt. Peters and his small command had been either 
killed or captured. He immediately mounted a fresh 
horse, rode to Gen. Grant's headquarters and reported the 
true state of things, and by daylight in the morning the 
mule teams were bringing army stores from the Chicka- 
saw Bayou to feed the sixty thousand hungry soldiers. 

The Fourth (under command of Lieut. Col. Peters) 
accompanied Gen. Sherman on his expedition to Meridian 
in February, 1861, in which it had a daily skirmish for 
twelve successive days, and performed many daring ex- 
ploits near Memjihis and at Tupelo in the following 
months. The regiment was transferred to Arkansas in 
September, whence the command marched into Missouri 
under Gen. Mower, and had a severe engagement with 
Price's forces near Independence. In October, Gen. 
Pleasanton, by general orders, authorized the regiment to 
place ou its colors "Big Blue" and "Osage," the Fourth 
having done especial service in both engagements. In a 
subsequent order. Gen. Pleasanton said : " Winslow's bri- 
gade of cavalry being about to leave for another depart 
ment, the Major General commanding takes this occasion 
not only to express his regrets in separating from such 
glorious troops, but also to recall the splendid manner in 
which this regiment fought at Osage, capturing five 
Jjieces of artillery from the enemy, with a large number 
of prisoners, and carrying, by a daring charge, the most 
important and conspicuous position on that brilliant 
field." The regiment returned to St. Louis November 29. 
In March, 1805, the regiment was again at the front. Col. 
Peters having rejoined and taken command. March 31st, 
the regiment repulsed an attack by two regiments of the 
enemy, driving him two miles. April 2(1, the regiment 
captured the defenses of Selma and the city itself, includ- 
ing 1,500 prisoners, besides an imiuense amount of war 
material. The regiment was present at the taking of 
Columbus, Ga., April 16th, capturing one of the strongest 
defenses of that city. The command then marched to- 
ward Forsyth, destroying railroad property until the 
21st, where the armistice concluded its labors, and the 
regiment returned to Macon, thence to Atlanta, where it 
was mustered out August 8, 1865. 

As a brilliant, dashing and successful cavalry officer. 
Colonel Peters had few if any superiors in the Western 
army, and successfully led many a perilous expedition 
which, though necessary, required an officer possessing 
cool judgment, bravery and indomitable pluck to execute. 
A universal favorite among his associates and companions 
in arms, he was nevertheless often considered reckless 
and foolhardly, although he never failed to prove, by his 
oft-repeated successes, that he was led by judgment rather 
than impulse. Such was his popularity with the soldiers 
of the command, that he could always secure more volun- 



teers than he wished to accompany him on any extra 
hazardous expedition, no matter how dangerous or hope- 
less it might seem. 

[Note. — This regiment toas musUred out at Atlanta^ Ga., 

Aug. 10, 1S65.] 

Lieut. Col. John H. Peters, com. capt. Co. B, wd. Nov. 8, y^ 

1862, prmtd. major June 20, 1803, prmtd. to lieut. 
col. Sept. 2, 1803. 

Asst. Surg. Stephen Cummings, com. July 2, 1863. 
Third B. C. S. Geo. W. Reid, e. Sept. 23, 1861, died. May 

14, 1862, disab. 
Third B. C. S. C. A. Crawford, e. Sept. 23, 18G1. 

Company. B. 

Capt. Alonzo Ola'-k, com. second lieut. Aug. 16, 1861, 

prmtd. to first lieut. Dec. 7, 1863, prmtd. to capt. 

Sept. 27, 1861. 
Capt. Geo. B. Parsons, com. 2d lieut. Nov. 23, 1861, 

wd. at Helen ', Ark., May 1862, prmtd. to capt. Sept. 

2,1863, res. Sept. 1,1864. 
First Lieut. Thomas Bowman, e. as private Oct. 9, 1861, 

prmtd. to corpl., prmtd. to sergt., prmtd. to second 

lieut March 1, 1864, prmtd. to first lieut. Sept. 28, 

1804. 
Sergt. Joseph Gamble, e. Sept. 23, 1861, re-e. as vet. Dec. 

12, 1863, kid. Dec. 1, 1864, in battle near Memphis. 
Sergt. Joseph Vesey, e. Sept. 26, 1861, re-e. as vet. Dec. 

12, 1863. 
Sergt. John W. Corbin, e. Sept. 23,1861, wd. near Helena, 

Ark. May, 1872, and at Mechanchanicsburg, Miss. 

June 29, 1863. 
Sergt. Cyrus Stoner, e. Sept. 23, 1861. 
Corp. Tlios. Henry, e. Sept. 23, 1861. 
Corp. Wm. W. Peak, e. Sept. 23, 1861, disd. May 15, 1862, 

disab. 
Corp. I. Saunders, e. Sept. 23, 1801, disd. July 23, 1862. 
Corp. Wm. T. Smithers, e. Sept. 23, 1861, re-e. as vet. Dec. 

14, 18t)3. 
Corp. Wm. Graham, e. Sept. 25, 1861, re-e. as vet. Dec. 

14, 1803. 
Corp. David Behan, e. Sept. 23, 1861, re-e. as vet. Dec. 14, 

1863. 
Corp. 0. II. Marvin, e. Sept. 25, 1861, reduced to ranks 

Aug. 1, 1862. 
Coip. Wm. Lees, e. Sept. 23, 1861, re-e. as vet. Dec. 12, 

1803. 
Corp. Jas. Reeder, e. Sept. 23, 1861, reduced to ranks 

Aug. 1, 1862. 
Corp. C. Eldridge, e. Sept. 23, '61, re-e. as vet. Dec. 12, '63. 
Corp. Levi Washburn, e. Sept. 23, 1861, re-e. as vet. Dec. 

14, 1863, captd. near Memphis, Dec. 14, 1864. 
Corp. Peter McElmeel, e. Nov. 7, 1861, re-e. as vet. Dec. 

12, 1863, wd. at Pilot Knob Sept. 1864. 
Bugler J. McNulty, e. Nov. 7, 1861, re-e. as vet. Dec. 21, 

1863, captd. Jane 11, 1864, died at Milan, Ga. Not. 
18, 1864. 

Bugler Chas. W. Tuffs, e. Nov. 2, 1861. 

Farrier James Barker, e. Sept. 23, 1861, re-e. as vet. Dec. 

14, 1862. 

Farrier Peter Ward, e. Nov. 7, 1861, re-e. as vet. Dec. 14, 

1862. 
Teamster Jas. A. Walker, e. Sept. 23, 1861, re-e. as vet. 

Dec. 12, 1803. 
Teamster I. Watkins e. Oct. 9, 1861, re-e. as vet. Dec. 14, 

1863. 
Coates Chas. e. Sept. 23, 1861, died Nov. 15, 1863. 
Dutton P. e. Sept. 30, 1861, disd. July 14, 1862, disab. 
Dutton H. e. Sept. 30, 1861. re-e. as vet. Dec. 12, 1863. 
Ellis Levi, e. Sept. 23, 1861. , 

Gaffney Patrick, e. Sept. 30, 1861, died June 7, 1862, at 

Batesville, Ark. 
Grav Jas. A. e. Oct. 28, 1861, wd. Oct. 11, 1862. 
Griffin Wm. H. e. Sept. 23, 1861, re-e. as vet. Dec. 14, '63. 
Halsted John I. e. Sept. 23, 1861, disd. for disability Jan. 

15. 1863. 

Johnsou Thos. e. Nov. 3, 1861, re-e. as vet. Dec. 12, 1863. 

McNulty F. e. Nov. 3, 1861. 

Millard Thos. e. Sept. 23, 1861, re-e. as vet. Dec. 19, 1863. 

Marvin Oscar, e. 1861, re-as vet. Dec. 21, 1863. 

Price Henry, e. Sept. 23, 1861, re-e. as vet. Dec. 14, 1863. 

Ramsey C. D. e. Sept. 30, 1861, desrtd. Dec. 31, 1862, re-e. 

as vet. Dec. 19, 1863. 
Keid D. e. Sept. 30, 1861, re-e. as vet. Dec. U, 1862. 
True Geo. re-e. as vet. Dec. 14, 1863. 
Ireland Jno. kid. near Jackson, Miss. Sept. 1864. 
McNulty Thos. wd. battle Tupelo, July, 1864. 
Turner E. e. Sept. 23, 1801, disd. June 30, 1862. 
Wellman L. D. e. Sept. 25, 1861. 



452 



WAR RECORD OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 



Walker Mely, e. Sept. 23, 1861. re-e. as vet. Dec. 12, 1S63,. 

w(1. in action Dec. U, 1864. , , iop, 

Williams 0. J. e. Ort. 30, 1861, re-e. as vet. Dec. 12, 1863. 
Taylor M. B. e. Jan. 11, 1862. . . j- i 

Allen J. W. e. Sept. 23, 1861, prmtd. to musician, disd. 

April 9, 1862, disab. . . 

Brayton H. e. Sept. 23, 1861, prmtd. to musician 
Hampton Jas. A. e. Dec. 19, 1861, disd. Dec. 23, 1862. 
Lawrence, H. J. e. Dec. 13, 1861. 
Pierce L. e. Dec. 19, 1861. 
Shreck J. P. e. Dec. 18, 1861. 
Washburn CyruR, e. Oct. 9, 1861, captd. June 22, 1863, 

rear of Vicksburp, re-e. e. as vet. Dec 12, 1863 
Griffin G. G. e. Dec. 19, 1861, re-e. as vet. Dec^ ^^'^^^^X^, 
Gibbs John F. e. Dec. 18, 1861, re-e. as vet Dec. 18, 1863. 
Guthri« A. A. e.Dec. 19,1861, re-e. as ve'. Dec. 18, 1863. 
Guthrie Jos. e. Dec. 19, 1861, re-e. as vet. Feb 29, 1864 
Healey Chester, e. Dec. 19, 186], re-e. as vet. Dec. 19, 63 
McCallum John, e. Dec. 19, 1861, re-e. as vet. Dec. 19, 

1863 wd. at Black River Bridge, Feb. 3, 1864. 
Blackburn A. H.e.Oct. 10, 1863. 
Barnes Geo. F. e. Oct. 8, 1863. 
Council Edward, e. Sept. 28, 1863, wd. near Memphis Dec. 

14 1864 
Cole ThoB. J. e. Oct. 11, 1863, kid. In battle at Little Blue 

Kiver, Kan.,Oet. 23, 1864. 
Delancpv, Win. F. e. Oct. 8, 1863. 
Dillen Edward, e. S'-pt. 18, 1863. 
Dufo Watson 0. e. Oct. 8. 1863. 
Douglas J. N. e. Oct. 8,1863. 
Evens .las. H e. Sept. 28, 1863. 
Flinn John H. e. Nov. 22. 1863. 
Fitch .laniea, e. Sept. 18, 1863. 
Gaffney Thos. e. Sept. 18, 1863. 
La Grand Geo. e. Dec. 21, 1863. 
La Grand Melvin, e. Dec. 21, 1863. 
McBride Benj. e. Oct. 8, 1863. 
McKee Miller, e. Oct. 6, 1863. 

Bust John B. e. Oct. 24, 1863, kid. in battle near Mem- 
phis, Dec. 14, 1864. 
Spears Robert, e. Oct. 8, 1863, captd. Dec. 14, 1864, near 

Memphis. 
Van Clear Jas. H. e. Oct. 1, 1863. 
Akers John W. e. Feb. 29, 1864, captd. Dec. 14, 1864, 

near Memphis. 
Bowman Josiah, e. Nov. 21, 1863, captd. Deo. 14, 1864, 

near Memphis. 
Clapp Geo. W. e. Feb. 25, 1864, captd. Dec. 14, 1864, near 

Meiii)>his. 
Cionan Timothy, e. March 24, 1864. 
Dennis Daniel, e. March 12, 1864, died Aug. 29, 1864. 
Fierstine .los. e. Feb. l.i, 1864. 
Linkin Jonathan, e. Nov. 4, 1863. 
Littlejohn L. J. e. Feb. 26, 1864, taken prsr. June 11, 

1864, at Ripley, Miss, died at Andersonville prison. 
McCormack Marshall, e. Dec. 1, 1863, died at Paducah, 

Ky. Feb. 12, 1865. 
O'Brian John L. e. Dec. 28, 1863, trans, to Co. A March 

18, 1864. 
Phillips H. C. e. Dec. 1, 1863. 
Smith Geo. D. e. Feb. 10, 1864. 
Washburn Lewis, e Oct. 5, 1864. 
Young Wm. W. e. Feb. 24, 1864. 

Company C. 

Hartman John C. e. Feb. 12, 1804, died of wds. at Mem- 
phis, June 25, 1864. 

Company H. 

Taylor S. C. e. Sept. 23, iMil. 

Company K. 

Fox Danl. K. e. Mmcli 14, IhCl. 

Company Unknown. 

McCarty Johti, e. Sept. 10, 1864. 
Morgan Henry, e. Sept. 10, 1864. 

SIXTH CAVALRY. 

The Si.xth Cavalry was recruited in 1862, and was sen, 
to Minnesota inimeiiiately after being mounted and ilritled 
where it marched un<1er Gen. Sully against the Indians. 
During August, 1863, three companies ot the Sixth, under 
command of Mhj. House, while on detached service, un- 
dertook to hold a camp ol 1,5(K) Indians until word could 
be sent to the main force, but thia proving to be almost 



too large a job for the men, for the Indians were breaking 
awayjust as Gen. Sully cxineup with Col. D. S. Wilson at 
the head of the Sixlh'and Col. Furnas in command of the 
S»cond Nebraska. The battle began instantly, two com- 
panies of the Sixth going through the camp, and Col. 
Furnas joining Maj. House. The engagement lasted till 
after dark, when the bugles sounded the recall. The In- 
dians fled during the night, leaving everything but their 
ponies and arms behind. The next day (5th), the com- 
mand destroyed half a million pounds of dried meat, 
three hundred lodges, and other valuable property. Over 
a hundred dead Indians were found on the field. July 28, 
1864, the Sixth had a han<I in the eng.igement with the In- 
dians at Tahkah kutah, where the Indians occupied a se- 
cure position on some steep and rocky bluffs partly covered 
with timber. The Indians threw out mov:ntpd skirmish- 
ing parties eight or ten miles in advance of this position, 
which were driven back to the bluffs. The Indians wer« 
then shelled out of their position in the rocks and forced 
to retre«t with consider.able loss. August 8th, the regi- 
ment, which had camped the previous night on the Little 
Missouri, hfd a skirmish with a heavy force of Indians, 
and on the following day got a chance to charge them a 
distance of over two miles, killing a considerable number. 
The regiment remained in Dakota until Winter, bivou- 
acked at Sioux City until Spring, and was mustered out 
in October, 1865. 

[Note. — Thia regiment was mustered out at Sioux City, 
October 17, 1865. 
Maj. Albert E. House, com. Oct. 21, 1862. 

Company B. 

Miller Andrew, e. Oct. 17, 1862. 

Company C. 

Capt. Abraham B. Moreland, com. Jan. 31, 1863. 

First Lieut. Wesley A. Heath, com. Jan. 31, 1863, adjt. 

June 1, '61. 
Second Lieut. Chas. F. Hobbs, com. Q. M. S. prmtd. 2d 

lieut. Aug. 27, 1865. 
First Sergt. E. M. Jones, e. Sept. 17, 1862, died April 19, 

1865, at Webster City, of wds. received in a shooting 

Cora. Sergt. T. B. Hobbs, e. Sept. 17, 1862. 

Sergt. H. S. Sang, e. Sept. 18, 1862. 

Sergt. Wm. Cuppett, e. Sept. 22, 1862. 

Sergt. Roland Aubrey, e. Sept. 26, 1862. 

Corp. Samuel Levenstine, e. Sept. 19, 1861. 

Corp. George T. Rea, e. Sept. 22, 1862. 

Corp. James T. Haught, e. Sept. 22, 1862. 

Corp. E. Raster, e. Sept.. 22, 1862. 

Corp. Peter W. Keith, e. Sept. 21, 1862. 

Corp. James H. McMahon, e. Sept. 18, 1862. 

Corp. R. Reynolds, e. Dec. 25, 1862. 

Corp. William Aubrey, e. Sept. 26, 1862. 

Teamster T. J. Radabach, e. Oct. 21, 1862. 

Team.ster Geo. W. Ashburn, e. Sept. 26, 1862, 

Farrier James Lee, e. Sept. 22. 1862. 

Wagoner James Ashburn, e. Sept. 26, 1862. 

Boyles D. M. e. Oct. 15, 1862, died Aug. 8, 1864. 

Bosteder 0. D. e. Sept. 22, 1862. 

Bradley C. J. e. Sept. 22, 1862. 

BuUis S. e. Nov. 22, 1862. 

Butler A. e. Sept. 19, 1862, disd. March 23, 1863. 

Blair J. L. e Nov. 21, 1862. 

Blacmer Austin, e. Dec. 31, 1862, died at Ft. Randall,D. T., 
Feb. 23, 1864. 

Bangle J. W. e. Sept. 22, 1862, diad. May 9, 1864. 

Barnhart G. T. e. Sept. 19, 1862, wd. at White Stone Hills, 
D. T. Sept. 3, 1863. 

Butlnr R. e. Sept. 19, 1862. 

Clendenen John. e. Sc-pt. 25, 1861, died Sept. 8, 1864. 

Crosby E. e. Sept. 21, 1862, disd. April 7, 1863. 

Carlington Thos. e. Dec. 5, 1862. 

Crosier B. e. Nov. 22, 1862. 

Durfey A. B. e. Dec. 28, 1862. 

Dunham Geo. a. Jan. 5, 1863. 

Karl Mark, e. Dec. 15, 1862. 

Foust Wm. e. Oct. 21, 1862. 

Groce Wm. e. Sept. 26, 1862. 

Gafney T. e. Sept. 14, 1862. 

Hulbert P. e. Sept. 23, 1862, disd. Oct. 22, 1863, dieab. 

Hewitt J. W. e. Sept. 19, 1862. 

Hussey C. L. e. Sept. 18, 1862, disd. June 17, 1864, for pro- 
motion to 2d lieut. Co. C, U. S. V. 

Hankins J. II. e Oct. 21, 1862. 

Haas Andrew, e. Sept. 18, 1862. 

Hulbert J W. e. Sept. 23, 1862. 

Impson Reuben, e. Jan. 5, 1862. 



WAR RECORD OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 



453 



Kearney F. e. Sept. 14, 1862. 

Kinnear James, Sept. 23, 1862. 

LoTeless Perry, e. Dec. 29, 1862. 

Mann Z. e. Jan. 9, 1862, disd. Jan 7, 1864. 

Miller Jacb, e. Sept. 20, 1862. 

McFarUn Peter, e. Sept. 22, 1862. 

Nuttins S. M. e. Dec. 24, 1862. 

Oeborn J. M. e. Sept. 22, 1862. 

Kansdell C. C. e. Sept. 14, 1862. 

Kobinson T. W. e. Sept. 13, 1862. 

Beardon John, e. Sept. 18, 1862, died at Sioux City, March 

28. 1865. 
Seaton M. D. e. Sept. 22, 1862. 
Smith E. e. Sept. 22, 1862. 
Shepardson Van R. e. Dec. 15, 1862. 
Stephens C. e. Oct. 20, 1862, died Sept. 6, 1863, of wda. 

received at the battle of White Stone Hills. 
Shear C. B. e. Sept. 22, 1862. 
Townsend E. W. e. Sept. 13, 1862. 
VoBburg 0. A. e. Oct. 7, 1862. 
Walter J. S. e. Sept. 22, 1862. 
Wilson E. C.e.Oct. 11, 1862. 
Wood John, e. Dec. 15, 1862. 
Walter J. J. e. Sept. 22, 1862, wd. Sept. 3, 1863, and died 

Nov. 17, 1863, at Siou.x City. 

Company H. 

Henkel Wm. e. Oct. 29, 1862. 

Henkel Frank, e. Oct. 29, 1862, disd. Jan. 25, 1864, dieab. 

Company K. 

Corp. A. C. Cruikshank, e. Sept. 12, 1862. 
Cruikshank J. e. Sept. 12, 1862. 

Company M. 

Sergt. Wm. Lutes, e. Feb. 27, 1863. 
Kennedy John, e. Jan. 5, 1863. 

Unassigned. 

Acers Wilson, e. Sept. 10, 1864. 
Bailey Clement, e. Sept. 10, 1864. 
Foley Dennis, e. Sept. 15, 1864. 
Stockwell James H. e. Sept. 10, 1884. 
Turner Salem, e, Sept. 10, 1864. 

SEVENTH CAVALRY. 

[Note. — This regiment wot mustered out at Leavenworth, 
Kansas, May 17, 1866.] 

Q. M. S. Nathan B. Gleason, e. as private March 19, 1863, 
prmtd. to Q. M. S. July 27, 1863, disd. Jan. 26, 1866, 
disab. 

Company B. 

Clark Alex. e. Feb. 9, 1863, disd. May 26, 1865, disab. 
McQuirk Ed. J. e. Feb. 10, 1863. 

Company E. 

Twombly Fredk. e. May 18, 1863. 

Company F. 

King J. H. e. Feb. 23, 1863. 

Murphy John, e. May 21, 1863, died Aug. 4, 1865, at 

Julesburg, Colo. 
Dodd Thos. C. e. March 21, '64, disd. March 22, '66, disab. 

Company H. 

Wagoner Enos B. Wright, e. June 25, 1863, disd. Aug. 

23, 1865. 
Chambers Henry, e. Oct. 17, 1864. 
Button Wm. e. Oct. 17, 1864. 
Malvin Nicholas, e. Oct. 17, 1864. 
Malvin Jno. e. Oct. 17, 1864. 
Malvin Jos. C. e. Oct. 17, 1864. 
Mann Robt. e. Oct. 17, 1864. 
Merton Jno. e. Oct. 17, 1864. 

Unassigned. 

Livingston D. J. e. March 28, 1864. 



EIGHTH CAVALRY. 

[NoTK. — This regiment was muttered out at Macon, Ga. 
Aug. 13, 1SG5.]. 

Maj. Jno. Jay Brown, com. 2d lieut. Co. K, 12th inf. Nov. 

25, 1861, prmtd. 1st lieut. March 18, 1862, prmtd. 

maj. 8th cav. May 28, 1863, res. April 14, 1S64. 
Surg. Wm. H. Finley, com. asst. surg. 12th inf. Oct. 30, 

1861, prmtd. surg. 8th cav. July 23, 1863, res. April 

14, 1864. 

Company L. 

First Lieut. Chas. A. Crawford, com. 2d lieut. Sept. 30, 1863, 
prmtd. 1st lieut. Feb. 6, 1865. 

Serg. Robt. G. Crawford, e. Aug. 3, 1863. 

Trump. Geo. W. Borden, e. June 8, 1863, captd. July 30, 
1864, at Newman, Ga., died Nov. 30, 1864, while a 
prisoner of war at Florence, S. C. 

Cavanaugh Michael, e. July 30,1863, trans, to V. R. C. 

Crouch F. J. e. Aug. 27, 1863, died May 17, 1864, at Nash- 
ville. 

Keith Jas. E. e. July 26, 1863. 

Kaho Patrick, e. July 26, 1863. 

Company Unknown. 

Mahony Jno. e. Nov. 28, 1864. 

MISCELLANEOUS CAVALRY. 
Fifth Cavalry. 

Asst. Surg. Geo. S. Dewitt, com. Feb. 19, 1863, res. March 
18, 1864. 

Fifth Veteran Cavalry. 

Cousins Wm. A. re-e. as vet. Jan. 1, 1864, died Oct. 9, 1864, 

of wds. at Atlanta, Ga. 
Knee Jamps, e. Feb. 26, 1864, m. o. Aug. 11, 1865. 
Lockridge Geo. C. e. Feb. 26, 1864, m. o. Aug. 11, 1865. 
Melvin Wm. P. e. Feb. 27, 1864, m. o. Aug. 11, 1865. 
Melugin A. W. e. Feb. 28, 1864, m. o. Aug. 11, 1865. 
Sackett Lewis, e. Feb. 29, 1864, m. o. Aug. 11, 1865. 
Wright ThoM. H. e. Feb. 26, 1864, m. o. Aug. 11, 1865. 
Doolittle A. H. e. Dec. 6, 1863, re-e. as vet. Jan. 5, 1864, 

trans, from Co. K 5th Inf. m. o. Aug. 11, 1865. 
GrifiRn Asel, re-e. as vet. .Tan. 5, 1864. trans, from Co. K 5th 

Inf. m. o Aug. 11, 1865. 
Moeheir T. re-e. as vet. Feb. 29, 1864, trans, from Co. K 

5th Inf. m. o. Aug. 11, 1865. 
Pratt L. A. e. Feb. 18, 1864, m. o. Aug. 11, 1865. 

Second Missouri Cavalry. 

Pierce S. W. e. Sept. 11, 1861, from Co. G, Fremont Huz. 
zars, disd. for disab. Oct. 1, 1862. 

THIRD BATTERY LIGHT ARTIL- 
LERY. 

Capt. Melville C. Wright, com. 1st lient. Jr. Sept. 16, 1861, 

prmtd. to 1st Lieut. Sr. Sept. 4, 1862, prmtd. to capt. 

Oct. 4, 1864, disd. Jan. 5, 1865. 
Second Lient. Leroy S. House, e. as sergt. prmtd. to 2d 

lieut. Jr. Dec. 13, 1863, prmtd. 2d lieut. Sr. Oct. 4, 

1864, res. Nov. 14, 1864. 
Phelps A. re-e. as vet. Dec. 22, 1863, m. o. Oct. 3, 1865. 
Miller John, e. Feb. 26, 1864, m. o. Oct. 3. 1865. 
Wasson Wm. e. Feb. 6, 1864, m. o. Oct. 3, 1865. 
Webb Thos. J. e. Feb. 26, 1864, m. o. Oct. 3, 1865. 
Perry Amos, re-e. as vet. Dec. 22, 1863, m. o. Oct. 3, 1865. 

ENGINEER REGIMENT OF THE 
WEST. 

Company F. 

Artificer John D. Mclntyre, e. Sept. 9, 1861. 

Artificer Dean Talcott, e. Sept. 9, 1861. 

Jones George, e Sept. 9, 1861, missed in action at Tus- 

curabia River, Miss. May 30, 1862. 
Smith D. Sept 9, 1861. 
Tolcott D. Sept. 9, 1861. 



454 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 

For four years and more, the notes of the fife and drum and bugle and the 
tramp of armed hosts were continually heard, from the Atlantic to the Pacific, 
from the Gulf of Mexico to British North America, and the clash of arms was 
borne northward on every breeze from the sunny but blood-drenched plains of 
the South. For four years and more, " grim-visaged war" had waved its crim- 
son banners over the fair fabric the Fathers had erected, in a vain endeavor to 
hurl it from its foundations. • In this terrible and gigantic struggle, Delaware 
had borne its full part, and many a brave volunteer from its beautiful prairies 
had laid down his life on the battle field or starved to death in the rebel ' 
slaughter pens at Andersonville and Macon. 

But now Sherman and his "brave boys in blue" had made their memorable 
and historic march to the sea, Lee had surrendered to the victorious army of 
the Union under Grant, the war was ended, peace restored, the Union preserved 
in its integrity, and the patriotic sons of Delaware who were spared to witness 
the final victory of the armies of the Union returned to their homes to receive 
grand ovations and tributes of honor from friends and neighbors who had 
eagerly and jealously and anxiously watched and followed them wherever the 
varying fortunes of war had called them. 

Exchanging their soldiers' uniforms for citizens' dress, most of them fell 
back to their old avocations — on the farm, in the mines, at the forge, the bench, 
in the shop, in the office, or at whatever else their hands found to do. Their 
noble deeds, in the hour of their country's peril, are now and always will be dear 
to the hearts of the people whom they so faithfully served. Brave men are 
always honored, and no class of citizens are entitled to greater respect than the 
brave volunteers of Delaware County, not simply because they were soldiers, 
but because, in their association with their fellow men, their walk is upright 
and their character and honesty without reproach. 

Their country first, then glory and their pride ; 
Land of their hopes — land where their fathers died ; 
When in the right, they'll keep their honor bright; 
When in the wrong, they'll die to set it right. 

The wondrous deeds of daring and glorious achievements of the Army of the 
Union, during the great war of the rebellion, will always be dearly cherished 
by all patriotic hearts. But there were scenes, incidents and accidents, the 
memory of which will shade with sadness the bright reflections engendered by 
the contemplation of a heroism, devotion and sacrifice the like of which the 
world never saw before. But the memory of those who fell in the stupendous, 
struggle is still familiar to the present people of Delaware County ; but fifty 
years hence, when the fathers and mothers of to-day shall have passed on to thir 
eternal home, they will be remembered by posterity more as matters of tradition 
than of absolute written history. 

The return of Company K, Twenty-first Iowa, to Hopkinton, was the occa- 
sion of a spontaneous gathering of several hundred of their friends, and the prep- 
aration of a magnificent reception dinner. Mr. A. Nash presided ; Rev. Mr. 
Harmen made the reception speech, followed by William G. Hammond and Mrs. 
Woodward. 

After dinner the toasts were by Mr. Hammond, as follows : 

The Iowa Volunteerg — May they ever be remembered with love and gratitude for answering so 
readily to the country's call ; for defending with untiring zeal the nation's honor and the cause of 
right. May their names descend to posterity with those of Washington and the heroes of the 
Revolution. 

Response by T. II. Bowen. 



HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 457 

Peace, Freedom and Prosperity — Our soldiers have won the first by war, they have secured 
the second by obedience to discipline, and they have merited the third by hardships suflFered for 
their country. May they live long to enjoy all three. 

Response by Dr. Finley. 

The Fallen — While we are here to-day showing our heartfelt gratitude and our joy at the 
return of these brave men, our sons, husbands, brothers and fathers, let us drop the tear of sym- 
pathy for those fallen braves who gave their lives for freedom and our common country, and now 
sleep the sleep that knows no waking. 

Music. 

Company K, Twenty-first Iowa — May its name for valor and true patriotism in the defense of 
our country be handed down to the latest genei'ation. 

Response by Capt. A. Voorhies. 

The Ninth loiva Infantry — They have worn the blue on their backs to save us from having 
the blues in our hearts. May they live to be Gray-beards, but never to be gray-backs. 

No Response. 

A strong hemp cord for the neck of the leading traitors, and a pretty girl's arm for the neck 
of every soldier of the Union. 

No response. 

The Stars of ihe Uniort — The South found, to its dismay, that the Northern ones were shooting 
stars, and that they, instead of being wanderers, had to remain fixed siars. 

Response by E. P. Weatherby. 

Gratitude — The debt we owe to our soldiers. May we always aim toward paying ; and it 
never will be paid. 

The Soldiers' Vote — The true kind of" fire in the rear." Our brave boys have conquered the 
rebels with their bayonets and Northern traitors with their ballots. 

At dinner, most of th^ boys, by arrangement or otherwise, had fair ones at 
their sides, which gave point to Dr. Finley 's concluding remark. After allud- 
ing to the success and return of the soldiers, he said : " They are ready to enlist 
in another company — I refer them to the ladies." 

At Delhi, August 3, 1865, was a grand gala day, and says the Dubuque 
Times: " A white stone was deposited in the patriotic history of Delaware." A 
grand complimentary reception dinner was given to its returned soldiers, many 
of whom were present, representing the Twenty-first Infantry and Second and 
Fourth Cavalry. Speeches of welcome were made by several citizens, to which 
Col. S. G. Van Anda, on behalf of the veterans, happily responded. 

The toasts were as follows : 
Our Brave Soldiers — An army first in patriotism, intelligence, humanity and benevolence. 

Response by Rev. Z. D. Scobey. 

American Public Faith — Implanted by the revolution, and tested by the most gigantic human 
strife, has been proved by the strong arm of our soldiery, pure and undying, the sheet-anchor of 
our country and the hope of the world. 

Response by W. M. Hartshorn. 

Tha Flag of our Country — The banner of Freedom. 

Response by J. M. Bray ton. 

The Veterans of the War of 1812 — Two were present. 
Response by Rev. Mr. Root. 
Our Country — Born of our fathers, regenerated by our soldiers, is immortal. 

Response by K. W. Kingsley. 

Surgeons and Nurses of the Army. 

Response by Dr. Boomer. 
The Ladies at Home — The Soldiers' Friend. 

1^ Response by Col. Van Anda. 



458 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 

Battles and BuUets—Eonor to both. . 

Response by W. E. Brown. 

Our Republican frntitwioris— An experiment now solved, and so solved as to show they are 
stronger than any other form of government. 

Response by Z. A. Wellman. 

" Mudsills and Greasy Mechanics." 

Response by G. W. J. Hawes. 

The Battle Fields of the Rehellion. 

Response by Rev. Jerome Allen. 

The Eelurned S'ldiers— Welcome to our homes and hearts. May they live to shake hands- 
over the grave of our country's last enemy. 

Response by Dr. Noyes. 

On the 17th of November, 1865, a beautiful and costly monument was 
erected on the college campus at Hopkinton to the memory of the soldiers who 
enlisted at that place and who perished in the service. 

Forty-four names are inscribed on the monument. Twenty-four of these 
were students of Lenox Collegiate Institute. The names of the fallen heroes- 
who went forth from this school and died in the service are as follows : Rev. 
James W. McKean, President of the institute ; Emory A. Smith, Alfred C. 
Hines, both killed at Pea Ridge ; Benjamin E. Nash, Marion Lathrop, Wm. G. 
Glenn, Samuel J. Glenn, George F. Laude, starved at Macon, Georgia ; Wm. 
Campbell, George Stewart, Nathan Holmes, David J. Thompson, R. P. Miller, 
Fred D. Gilbert, Wm. H. Jackson, Matthew McCurdy, Mark Scroggy, Philip 
H. Butler, Robert Fowler, Amos Gilbert, starved at Andersonville ; William^ 
Keak, Chas H. Whitney, D. Downey, starved at Andersonville ; J. L. Driebel- 
bris, Merritt A. Smith. Some of the above were killed in battle, some died in 
the hospitals, but the saddest death of all was that by starvation in the rebel 
prison pens of Macon and Andersonville. The other names inscribed on the 
monument are as follows : Wm. Johnston, Edward Mann, J. J. Myers, Philan- 
der Wilson, Willis Willard, Charles Walker, Granville Hill, Geo. W. Barden, 
G. W. Blood, J. L. Pinney, Alva Kemp, W. A. Roberts, J. B. Topliffe, Isaac 
Robinson, Wm. Haslem, Edwin Myers, Reese Merrick, Robert Risher, John D. 
B Ian chard. 

The names on the monument are accompanied by a brief statement of the 
age, date of enlistment, death and the regiment and company to which each be- 
longed. Below the names, on one side of the monument, is the following 
inscription : 

" Erected by the Friends of the Soldiers from this College and vicinity, who 
fell during the Great Rebellion of 1861-5," 

On another side is the following : • " Rev. James W. McKean, President of 
Lenox Collegiate Institute, and Captain of Company C, Forty-fifth Regiment 
Iowa Volunteers. Born April 30, 1833. Died July 9, 1864." 

There was a large assemblage of people to witness the ceremonies. The 
venerable Mr. A. Nash presided. Chaplain Hill opened the exercises with an 
impressive prayer. A large choir furnished beautiful and appropriate music. 
Maj. Gen. Vandever, of Dubuque, was the first speaker. 

The General's address was followed by short speeches from Chaplain Hill, 
T. H. Bowen, Esq., and other prominent gentlemen. Prof. Allen read a care- 
fully prepared statement of facts in regard to tlie life, services and death of 
President McKean and the twenty-four noble young men who represented the- 
Institute in the army and died in defense of the national life. 



HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 459 

An object of special interest at the meeting was the battle flag of the Twelfth 
Iowa Infantry, faded, riddled with shot and stained with blood. 

A company of soldiers, under command of Capt. Taylor, added to the interest 
of the exercises by their evolutions, firing, etc. 

A bountiful dinner was provided in the College building, and great pains 
taken to welcome and render comfortable the considerable number of persons 
present from distant towns, as well as the many who came from all the surround- 
ing country. 

The monument is about twenty feet high and cost $1,100. 

EDUCATIONAL. 

The first schools taught in Delaware County were private or subscription 
schools. Their accommodations, as may be readily supposed, were not good. 
Sometimes they were taught in small log houses erected for the purpose. Stoves 
and such heating apparatus as are in use now were unknown. A mud and 
stick chimney in one end of the building, with earthen hearth, with a fire-place 
wide enough and deep enough to take in a four feet back log, and smaller wood 
to match, served for warming purposes in Winter and a kind of conservatory in 
Summer. For windows, part of a log was cut out in either side, and maybe a 
few panes of eight by ten glass set in, or, just as likely as not, the aperture would 
be covered over with greased paper. Writing benches were made of wide planks 
or, maybe, puncheons resting on pins or arms driven into two-inch augur holes 
bored into the logs beneath the windows. Seats were made out of thick Dlanks 
or puncheons ; flooring was made of the same kind of stufi". Evervthino- was 
rude and plain, but many of America's greatest men have gone out from just 
such school houses to grapple with the world and make a name for themselves 
and names that come to be an honor to their country. In other cases, private 
rooms and parts of private houses were utilized as school Jiouses, but the furni- 
ture was just as plain. u 

But all these things are changed now. A log school house in Iowa is a 
rarity. Their places are filled with handsome frame or brick structures. The 
rude furniture has also given way, and the old school books, the " Popular 
Reader," the " English Reader " (the finest literary compilation ever known in 
American schools), and " Webster's Elementary Spelling Book," are superseded 
by others of greater pretensions. The old spelling classes and spelling matches 
have followed the old school houses^ until they are remembered only in name. 
Of her school system Iowa can justly boast. It has sent out a large number of 
representative men whose names are as familiar to the nation as they are in the 
histories of the counties and neighborhoods in which they once lived. While the 
State has extended such fostering care to the interests of education, the several 
counties have been no less zealous and watchful in the management of this vital 
interest. And Delaware County forms no exception to the rule. The school 
houses and their furnishings are in full keeping with the spirit of the law that 
provides for their maintenance and support. The teachers rank high among the 
other|thousands of teachers in the State, and the several County Superintendents 
since the office of Superintendent was made a part of the school system have 
been chosen with especial reference to their fitness for the position. 

It is impossible to find correct reports of educational matters in this county 
prior to 1858, when the Seventh General Assembly passed "An act for the 
Public Instruction of the State of Iowa," and organized the present school sys- 
tem. By this act, which went into foyce March 20, 1858, each civil township 



t60 



HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 



was made a school district, and the number of districts and district officers was 
thus (rreatly reduced. By the same act, the office of County Superintendent of 
Schools was created, and appropriations made in aid of Teachers' Institutes. 

The first Teachers' Institute held in the county, of which any recollection 
remains, was at Delhi early in the year 1860. The only item of information to 
be feathered in regard to this meeting is, that S. L. Doggett, Esq., of Manches- 
ter,°one of the pioneer teachers of the county, gave an address during its prog- 

rcss. 

The second Teachers' Institute was held at Manchester, in 1863, presided 
over by Superintendent McCreery, and attended by some sixty teachers. The 
instructors were Prof. Hudson, author of a series of school readers and a noted 
teacher of elocution ; A. S. Kissell, afterward State Superintendent, and Prof. 
J. C. Pickard, one of the Faculty in the Wisconsin State University. After 
that date, the sessions of the Institute have been held annually, and have done 
much to inspire the teachers with greater interest and ma.ke their work more 
uniform and efficient. The old Institute system, however, had many defects, 
and about 1870, there was a general demand for something better and more 
effective. In 1872-3, a few counties, among them Delaware, tried the experi- 
ment of longer terms and a regular course of study. 

In 1873, Superintendent W. H. Merten called the teachers of the county 
together at Delaware, and organized a Normal Institute of four weeks, in charge 
of Prof. Wernli, late Principal of the German-English Normal School, at 
Galena, 111. Seventy-one teachers were enrolled, and worked faithfully through 
the entire session. It is estimated that this one Institute raised the standard 
of teachers at least 20 per cent, over the entire county. In 1874, the Fifteenth 
General Assembly enacted a law providing for the establishment of an Annual 
Normal Institute in each county, and making an annual appropriation of $50 
to each. In addition to this appropriation, to defray expenses each teacher 
pays a fee of $1.00 for certificate, and an enrollment fee of fl.OO. 

" No part of^he admirable common school system of Iowa," says Superin- 
tendent Ewart, " has done so much for education as the Normal Institute. The 
results are a much higher standard of teachers each successive year ; more 
system and thoroughness in school work, and a greater interest on the part of 
both teachers and people." 

During the last five years, ending 1878, great improvements have been made 
in school buildings. Each town in the county has a beautiful and comfortable 
school house, and most of the houses in the country are also in good repair. 
Proper and necessary apparatus and libraries are still scarce, but will no doubt 
be supplied at the earliest opportunity. 

Following is a list of Teachers' Institutes, places, when held, and conductors, 
since 1864 : 



1864 
1865 
1866 
1866 
1867 
1868 
1869 
1870 
1871 
1872 



WHERE HELD. 



Manchester. 

Eiirlville 

Eurlville 

Earlville 

Mancli ester. 
Hopkinton. . 
Manchester. 

Earlville 

Manchester. 
Delhi 



CONDUCTOR. 



A. S. Kissell.... 

J. Piper 

.1. L. Enos 

.1. Piper 

.J. Piper 

.1. Piper 

D. D. Babcock. 

.1. Piper 

J. Piper 

W. H. Merten. 



ATTENDANCE. 



50 
30 

50 

60 

44 

100 

142 

125 



HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY 
NORMAL INSTITUTES. 



461 



DATE. 



1873 

1874 
1875 
1876 

1877 



WHERE HELD. 



Delaware.... 
Manchester. 

Earlville 

Delhi 

Manchester. 



CONDUCTOR. 



■I. Wernli 

.L Wernli 

J. Wernli 

T H. McBride. 
W. M. Wilcox.. 



ATTENDANCE. 



71 
172 
120 

165 

207 



The first Superintendent of Schools in Delaware was H. N. Gates, elected 
April 5,' 1858 ; the second was Ezra F. Chase, elected October 11, 1859, and 
whose term of office commenced January, 1860. 

The following abstracts from the Superintendent's report for 1860, 1865, 
1870 and 1875, will show the progress of the educational interests of the county 
since the period when records are accessible : 



Township districts 

I ndependent " 

Sub " ....• 

Ungraded schools.. 

Graded " 

Average duration — month s 

Number male teachers 

Number female " 

Average compensation — males 

" " females 

Number persons between ages of 5 and 21 years — males... 

" " " " 5 " 21 " females 

Pupils enrolled 

Average attendance 

At cost of tuition, per pupil 

School houses — frame 

" " brick 

" " stone 

" log 

Value of School Houses 

Value of apparatus 

Number of volumes, library 

Total amount expenses for school purposes 



1860 



16 



96 



6.3 

67 

10 

$10 52 

12 84 

2229 

2016 

3561 

2321 

II 58 

58 

9 

2 

8 

125,234 

66 



$13,781 



1865 



16 



115 



6.3 
40 

77 



2599 

2555 

4107 

3332 

$1 64 

78 

13 

2 

4 

$33,346 

1,641.89 

5 

$23,010 



1870 



1875 



16; 



lllj 

116 

2] 

,5' 

149 

$37 72 

24 64 

3288 

8119 

4313 

3813 



$78,050 
2,344! 

2! 

$32,8571 



14 

22 

101 

118 

4 

7.2 

78 

180 

138 85 

25 19 

3188 

3191 

4850 

3191 

$1 58 

106 

16 

3 

1 

5105,445 

1,347 

3 

$51,681 



The present County Superintendent of Schools is R. M. Ewart, who was 
first elected in October, 1875, and re-elected in October, 1877. From Mr. 
Ewart's report for 1877, to the State Superintendent, we extract the following: 



Number of districts in township..., 

Number of sub-districts 

Number of independent districts.. 

Total number of school districts 

Number of ungraded schools 

Number of graded schools 

Average number of months taught. 

Number of male teachers 

Number of female teachers 



14 

102 

21 

123 

118 

6 

7.25 

75 

182 

Average compensation per month to male teachers $372 44 

Average compensation per month to female teachers 259 92 

3,200 

3,159 

4,957 

3.144 



Number of male pupils between 5 and 21 years of age.... 
Number of female pupils between 5 and 21 years of age. 

Number of pupils enrolled 

Total average attendance 



Average cost of tuition for each pupil per month 



$1 58 



462 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 

Number of frame school houses lf^2 

Number brick school houses ^^ 

Number of stone school houses " 

Total value of school buildings |109,981 

Total value of apparatus ^'itr 

Number of volumes in Libraries 486 

School Housk Find — 

Total receipts during the year |12,854 66 

Paid for school houses and school sites 6,654 82 

Paid on bonds and interest ^'^^^ ^^ 

Amount on hand 3,276 47 

Contingent Fund — 

Total receipts during the year 14,907 09 

Paid for repairing school houses 2,078 81 

Paid for fuel 3,840 80 

Paid Secretaries 577 25 

Paid Treasurers 467 50 

Paid for records and apparatus 348 95 

Paid for various purposes 2,893 04 

Amount on hand 4,703 74 

Teachers' Fund — 

Total receipts 52,578 54 

Paid teachers 34,426 10 

Amount on hand 18,092 44 

Number of teachers' receiving certificates of first grade 23 

Number of teachers receiving certificates of second grade 155 

Number of teachers receiving certificates of third grade 30 

Total number of certificates granted 208 

Number of applicants rejected 

Number of applicants examined 278 

Average age of male teachers, to whom certificates were granted 23.4 

Average age of female teachers to whom certificates were granted 19.8 

Number of teachers who have had no experience 64 

Number who have taught less than one year 33 

Number of schools visited by County Superintendent 117 

Number of visits made during the year 239 

Number of educational meetings 8 

Appeals 1 

Amount received by County Superintendent, for services from October 1, 

1876, to October 1, 1877 $1,200 00 

Lenox College — Number of teachers, 8 ; pupils 200 

Catholic School at Petersburg — Number of teachers, 1 ; pupils 50 

Number of graded schools 8 

THE BOWEN COLLEGIATE INSTITUTE, AT HOPKINTON. 

The date of the first meeting of the citizens of Hopkinton, for the purpose 
of founding an institution of learning at their town, is lost, owing to the neg- 
lect of the Secretary to record it, but the meeting adjourned to September 6th, 
1855. At the first meeting, a committee of organization was chosen, composed 
of Messrs. W. P. Cunningham, Henry A. Carter, James Kilpatrick, Leroy 
Jackson, William Holt, J. G. Diffenderfer, James R. Whittaker, William L. 
Roberts, Joseph Porter, Phineas Allyn, Harrison Hill, L. 0. Stevens, H. 
Jackson and R. Jackson. In March, 1856, Messrs. W. P. Cunningham, L. 
Jackson, James Kilpatrick, Isaac Littlefield and L. 0. Stevens were chosen a 
committee " to draft (a plan for) and build the house," and were also " instructed 
to contract (for) one hundred thousand brick." Soon after this meeting, Chaun- 
cey T. Bowen, of Chicago, who was in Hopkinton on business, said to his brother 
(As!i C), in a half jocular manner, that he would contribute |500 toward the 



HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 463 

institntion, if its projectors would allow him to name it. Asa C. Bowen men- 
tioned the proposition to some of the leading spirits of the enterprise, who 
■determined to take the Bo wens at their word, and requested Asa C. to conclude 
the matter for them. Accordingly, June 22d, the money was paid over, the 
future school named "Bowen Collegiate Institute," and a constitution adopted 
August 22d. 

September 21st, the first Board of Trustees was elected, it being composed 
of H. A. Carter, W. P. Cunningham, Leroy Jackson, Edmund Davis, James 
Kilpatrick, Asa C. Bowen, W. A. Roberts, Christian Myers, I.. Littlefield, H. 
R. Jackson, William Holt, William Morrison. Jerome Davis, J. B. Whittaker, 
Jacob Diffenderfer and William Robinson. The three first named were the 
President, Secretary and Treasurer. 

The subscription fund was not to exceed $1,500, including Bowen's, and a 
portion of it was never collected. Mr. Kilpatrick burned the brick in the Fall 
of 1856, and the walls were laid and the building roofed in 1857. The struc- 
ture was 40x60 feet in size, two stories high, and when finished, contained four 
rooms on the first floor, and the upper story contained a spacious chapel, two 
recitation rooms and a music room. The building committee found their re- 
sources exhausted when the walls were laid, and Messrs. Carter Jackson, and 
Kilpatrick signed a note for $i)00 to make up the deficiency, which they after- 
ward paid out of their own pockets. The building stood untouched from the 
Fall of 1857 until some time late in 1858, and was pronounced a failure by 
many who had been eager to see the enterprise begun. Although a little sore 
over the $900 note, Messrs. Carter and Jackson consulted and found that both 
had some seasoned lumber and Carter had plenty of village lots. Mr. Carter 
traded some lots to various mechanics for Avork, and by. donating the lumber 
he succeeded in removing the stigma of failure from the enterprise. Carter 
.even boarded part of the workmen. To obtain the nails and glass, a festival 
was given which netted about $70, and to help on the good work, a ball was given 
in the building July 4th, 1859, which drew the young people from all directions, 
who left about $150 for the building fund. By these various means the build- 
ing was so far completed that it was possible to use it for school purposes. 
Accordingly, Rev. Jerome Allen and Miss Lucy A. Cooley, the latter then 
living in " New York State, were invited to open a school in the rooms then 
ready. Miss Cooley (now Mrs. Finley) says she arrived in Hopkinton August 
31st, 1859, and school commenced next day. 

The plasterers had just left the assembly room in the second story when 
the school opened, and the mop-boards were put on in the rooms occupied by 
the school after it began. The boxes containing the unused lime were still 
standing where the plasterers had left them. But the teachers and pupils were 
glad to go on. 

The Athenian Literary Society was organized during the first term. Mr. 
Finley recalls the names of Messrs. Perley Albrook and Austin Cook as mem- 
bers of the society, and Henry C. Jackson adds Wni. Hill, M. W. Harmon, 
Robert Fowler and himself. When the weather began to grow cold, the teachers 
and the forty pupils contributed from their own resources to procure stoves. 

The Winter term commenced Dec. 1st, and Mr. E. 0. Taylor was engaged 
to teach mathematics, and Justus Houser, one of the students, gave instruction 
in German. A festival for the purpose of obtaining funds to purchase a bell 
was held in the chapel the next evening. There is now no means left to ascer- 
tain the exact attendance of students at the Winter and Spring terms, but it is 
certain that the school increased rapidly in numbers and in grade. Among the 



464 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 

ninety-eight students enrolled in the Fall term of 1860 were John W. Corbin, 
whose birth was the third in Delaware County, and who was Sheriff in 1876 and 
1877 ; Merrit W. Harmon, now State Senator from Buchanan County ; E. P. 
"Weatherbee, now a Judge of Probate in Nebraska ; Mary E. Walker, who had 
come West to secure a divorce from her husband. 

The whole community of Hopkinton was agitated during 1861 and 1862, 
by various matters growing out of the college and its management. The first 
trouble was created by Mary E. Walker, who wanted to share in the rhetorical 
exercises provided for the gentlemen, and also desired to study German. Miss 
Cooley was opposed to the idea of young ladies declaiming, and refused Mary's 
request unconditionally. As for German, there was then no teacher. Mary 
began to Avork upon the young men to obtain their help to secure the coveted 
privilege of going on the rostrum, and readily secured their sympathy. She 
was then ready for mischief, and announced to the teachers that she had come 
to study German, and that if they did not provide her a teacher she would 
publish far and wide that they were advertising what they did not and could 
not perform. Meantime, the young men of the village had organized a debating 
society, and Mary attended one evening. She was a faithful listener, and 
before the meeting closed called for the reading of the by-laws, and asked to be 
admitted a member. She was promptly voted in, and assigned a place in the 
debate for the next meeting. This came to the ears of the faculty, and Miss 
Cooley ordered her not to attend. Mary went, however, taking her place in 
the discussion, but with indifferent success. The next day, at Miss Cooley 's 
request. Miss Mary was suspended, and all the young men but two valorously 
gathered up their books and left with her. They formed a procession in front 
of the building, marched down town with the little mischief-maker at their 
head, and paraded several streets. The young men were also suspended, but 
soon repented and asked for permission to go back, stipulating, however, that 
their Amazonian captain should be allowed to return also ; but this was refused. 
The young men then surrendered unconditionally, and Mary was permanently 
suspended. The young woman remained for some time afterward, and assisted 
Dr. Cunningham occasionally in his practice. A few other citizens befriended 
her for a time. Her portrait is preserved, and indicates a rather pretty face. 
Her dress was then, as now, of the most pronounced Bloomer type. 

The next trouble had no comic features to relieve it, and the lapse of time 
only has softened the bitterness of the feud. Prof. Allen was the cause of a 
scandal, or the victim of a slander, it is needless to say which, that called for an 
investigation by the church, of which he was also the "Pastor. He was formally 
acquitted, but the gossip hurt his standing in the school and community. Many 
patrons of the school urged against him in addition that he was managing the 
school according to his own ideas rather than according to the rules prescribed 
by the Trustees — that he was really conducting a sectarian school backed by the 
prestige and the name of the Bowen Collegiate Institute. The members of the 
Presbyterian Church, which was a large and influential body, were fully con- 
vinced of Mr. Allen's innocence in the matter of the scandal, were well* satis- 
fied with him as principal of the school, and resolutely defended him. The 
worldly-minded citizens, assisted by a few members of the Covenanters' Church, 
determined to have Mr. Allen ousted, and the crisis was reached at the election 
for Trustees, March 18th, 1862. Mr. Carter, the President, becoming satisfied 
that Mr. Allen's supporters were outnumbered, gathered up the books and papers 
and left the meeting. The opposition organized the meeting, and elected as 
Trustees P. H. Warner, W. P. Cunningham, E. Davis, J. H. Campbell, William. 



HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 465 

Ireland, W. A. Roberts, Duncan Livingston, William Holt, D. E. Fuller, Chas. 
A. Bell, Jas. Kilpatrick, H. A. Carter, L, Jackson, Asa C. Bowen and T. H. 
Bowen. The meeting voted to dismiss Prof. Allen and Prof. Taylor, and elected 
Rev. Mr. Brown, of Dyersville, and W. G. Hammond to take their places. 
The Trustees were directed to prescribe rules for the government of the school, 
and to see that it was conducted in conformity with the articles of incorporation. 
It was also voted to cancel the degree of A. B., which had been conferred upon 
Prof. Taylor the year before. The Treasurer elect, Mr. Davis, soon after de- 
manded the books of the office from Mr. Jackson, but that gentleman refused to 
let him have them, saying he had bought them and paid for them out of his own 
pocket. Messrs. Jackson and Carter proceeded to finish the building in accord- 
ance with some previous arrangement, and Mr. Carter brought suit against the 
college corporation on his liens, to which Mr. Jackson, in behalf of that body, 
confessed judgment without mentioning the matter to the other Trustees, thus 
placing the ownership of the property in Mr. Carter's hands. This rendered 
nugatory the result of the election, although the enemies of Mr. Allen endeav- 
ored to have the matter re-opened, and on the application of Dr. Roberts the 
case was sent to Anamosa, but on the retirement of Judge Wilson, it was trans- 
ferred back to Delhi, where it was allowed to slip from the docket into oblivion. 
This action of Messrs. Carter and Jackson was severely criticised at the 
time, and is not excused to this day by those who were concerned in the raid 
upon Mr. Allen, for the reason that the foreclosure proceedings shut out the 
minor stockholders. But the transfer of the property made practicable another 
transfer, which had been undertaken by Prof. Allen in 1860, who had declared 
that C. T. Bowen must do more for the school or the name would be changed. 
A printed circular for 1861 announces the school to be under the supervision of 
the Synod of Iowa, North. How this came about is made clear from the 
minutes of the Synod of Iowa. At the meeting of the Synod, Sept. 22, 1860, 
the officers of the College, through Prof. Allen, requested the appointment of a 
committee to confer with them in relation to " a tender to Synod of the over- 
sight and control of said institute ; " whereupon Rev. J. L. Wilson, James 
Kirk and A. S. Marshall were appointed to confer with the " powers that be of 
said Institute, and report at our next meeting." Sept. 27, 1861, the proposi- 
tion from the College Trustees was presented by the committee, and the follow- 
ing acceptance made : 

To the Stockholders of the Boiven Collegiate Tnstitut'' : 

Gentlemen — Tlie Synod of Iowa have received, with gratitude, your liberal offer to them of 
your Institute. We highly appreciate ycir noble elForts in the cause of education, and are 
greatly gratified at the preference for our body which you have shown in making your proposi- 
tion to us. At the same time we cannot but feel that, as Christian men and as a part of the 
church of God, in the present dark and uncertain state of aiiairs, it would be morally wrong for 
us to place ourselves in any position in which we would be at all liable to assume any new 
pecuniary obligations. Most of our churches are involved, to a greater or less extent, and will, 
probably, have all they can do to take care of themselves at present. Our missionary fields are 
already suffering severely and calling loudly for aid, and what is before us we cannot tell. 
Under these circumstances, we feel that we can go no farther than submit to you the following 
proposition. We are willing to undertake the supervision of your Institution as far as may be 
desirable on your part, for the present. The Synod will, from year to year, appoint such a propor- 
tion of Trustees from our own body as you may desire, provided it be a majority. We will give you 
the benefit of our name and influence among our churches. We will appoint a visiting commit- 
tee, which sh.all present an annual report to Synod of the operations and condition of your Insti- 
tution. The title of all property of the Institution shall remain in the hands of its present Trus- 
tees or of any others who may be appointed by them, and the Synod will in no wise be liable for 
any pecuniary obligations 

This plan of supervision may be abrogated at the will of either body. And if, at any future 
time, the Synod can conscientiously see its way clear to assume nearer relations to your Institu- 
tion, if it be your desire, they will then do so. In the meantime, we commend you to the favor 
of God, and bid you go forward. 



466 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 

The Synod passed a resolution authorizing a committee, composed of Rev. 
A. A. E. Taylor, Rev. J. D. Mason, Rev. E. L. Doddes, Hon. T. S. Wilson 
and Thompson Bell, to submit the above to the stockholders, and on its accept- 
ance, by the terms of the resolution, the gentlemen just named became Trustees 
on behalf of the Synod. 

September 12, 1862, the committee reported that the above had been 
accepted by a vote of the stockholders. The committee say that a Freshman 
class of six had been begun in the Fall term, but that five of the number had 
enlisted in the volunteer service. The school had prospered, however, in spite 
of the opposition of some enemies. At the next meeting of the Synod, a deed 
of the property, freed of incumbrance, would be oflfered, provided that body 
would assume control, and also constitute Messrs. Carter, Jackson and Kilpat- 
rick Trustees for life. 

March 18, 1863, Prof. Allen and Prof. Taylor resigned the places they had 
held nearly four years, and James W. McKean, a graduate of a Pennsylvania 
colleg'e, was elected President. The Trustees passed suitable resolutions of 
regret at parting with the gentlemen who were retiring. In September, the 
Trustees voted to rent the apparatus owned by Prof. Taylor, and Prof. Allen 
and Mr. Carter were authorized to transfer the apparatus, furniture, etc., of the 
defunct Alexander College, at Dubuque, which had been ordered by the Synod 
to be removed to the BoAven Collegiate Institute. 

The Athenian Literary Society came very near dying by the enlistments 
in 1861 and 1862, but was resuscitated October 24, 1862, with a membership 
composed of E. P. Couser, A. Sutherland, A. McKean, D. D. Griggs and D. 
J. Edgington, who chose Profs. Allen and Taylor as honorary members. The 
nucleus of the society library was formed at the close of the Spring term of 
1868, by the purchase of Hume's and Macauley's histories, which cost $4.80. 
The library noAv numbers over seven hundred volumes. The honorary mem- 
bership includes the names of 0. E. Aldrich, Hon. Samuel J. Kirkwood, Rev. 
James Wright, Hon. Richard Yates, Rev. James W. McKean, Rev. Merrit 
Harmon, Rev. William Roberts, D. D.; H. C. McKean, H. A. Carter, L. 
Jackson, James Kilpatrick, J. L. McCreery, Hon. John Russell, W. G. Ham- 
mond, John B. Votter, Hon. Owen Lovejoy, C. Deulinger, J. D. Mason, Gen. 
William Vandever, Rev. Samuel Hodge, Prof Wm. Flude, Prof Samuel 
Colvin, Prof D. H. Coulter, Col. Samuel Pollock, W. Brown Mayes, L. L. 
Ayers, John Ferguson, J. H. McBride and Alex. McKean. The society 
established a periodical in 1876, calling it the Athenian Enterprise, and which 
compares well with the papers issued from other colleges. The society has been 
in a healthv condition since 1864. 

May 6, 1864, President McKean tendered his resignation, the reasons for 
which are quaintly and touchingly given in the following resolution, passed by 
the Trustees : 

R'sr,h>ed, That, as i( appears from the report of the President, that all the male students 
except four have volunteered into the army, that as the I'residcnt has resigned, and the female 
students have left, and the operations of the Institution have been temporarily suspended in con- 
sequence, we therefore make no effort to resume operations the present term', but that the Insti- 
tution shall recommence at the regular time for the commencement of the Fall term, the last 
^\'ednesday in August. 

Prof McKean put his own name on the muster roll his students had signed, 
and was chosen Captain of the company. But his system would not conform 
to camp duties and fare, and he died at Memphis, Tenn., at the early age of 
31 years. Prof McKean's manners were most winning, and it is doubtful if 
any student under him could have failed both to love and respect him. 



HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 467 

In July, Rev. James D. Mason was chosen President, his pay to be the 
receipts for tuition. 

October 8, the Synod changed the name to "'Lenox Collegiate Institute," 
which action was ratified by the Trustees the same day. This act revived to a 
certain extent the feeling created in, the Allen difficulty, and both Synod and 
Trustees were blamed for dropping the name that had been formally accepted 
and paid for when it was a question whether the school could be established or 
not. The Synod passed the following : 

Resolved, That we recommend Lenox Collegiate Institute to the churches as worthy of their 
patronage, and recommend it to their liberality in any effort which the Trustees may make to 
render the Institution permanent, by procuring apparatus and an endowment. 

Resolved, That we also recommend the Board of Trustees to the favor of the Board of Educa- 
tion in order to procure assistance in endowing the Institution from Eastern churches. 

Rev. Mr. Mason resigned his place, from pique toward some of the students, 
who claimed they could make no progress, owing to his want of attention, and 
Rev. Mr. Allen was again placed in charge, not without stirring up the old feud, 
for June 27, 18(35, the students petitioned the Trustees not to remove him. 
Samuel Calvin, now Professor of Natural Sciences in the State University, was 
chosen Professor of Mathematics during this term, and Rev. Mr. Hodge had 
already been given the chair of Languages. 

The Minervian Society appears to have been organized in 1865. The offi- 
cers in March, 1866, were Lu. L. DifFenderfer, President; Amanda Marshall, 
Vice President; Belle Douglass, Recording Secretary; Ella J. Dunlap, Corre- 
sponding Secretary ; Mary A. Carl, Librarian; Mattie C. Smith, Mary E. 
Slemmons, Anna M. Snyder, Directresses. Among the members were Julia 
Loomis, Sarah B. Scobey and Mattie A. Jackson. 

The Minervians gave an exhibition March 18, 1867, and Rev. L. B. Fifield 
delivered an address before the Society on the previous evening. The Society 
has now been dormant for several years. 

In October, 1865, it was reported to the Synod that the Board of Education 
had contributed $300 toward the maintenance of the school the past year. 

Prof. Allen resigned the charge of the school in June, 1866, and in the fol- 
lowing October, Rev. Samuel Hodge was chosen President, who held the posi- 
tion until May 30, 1870, when Rev. J. W. Ilanna succeeded him. 

October 31, 1870, at a joint meeting of the Trustees with the people of 
Hopkinton, $3,000 was pledged toward endowing the President's chair, and 
John Kennedy, Esq., was appointed by the Trustees to canvass the county to 
increase the amount. The endowment now amounts to over $18,000, the 
largest contributors to which have been Converse Clark, of New York, who 
bequeathed $9,000 in real estate ; Mrs. Mary G. Semple, Pittsburgh, $3,000 in 
bonds, and James Lenox, of New York, $1,000. 

The deed transferring the property to the Synod is dated February 9, 1864, 
and is made by Henry A. and Mary A. Carter. The grantees on behalf of the 
Synod are E. L. Doddes, Myron H. Beach, James Kilpatrick, Leroy Jackson, 
Henry A. Carter, James L. Wilson and Fergus S. McKean. The articles of 
incorporation were not perfected until September 12, 1873. The Trustees 
named therein are J. S. Wilson, A. S. Marshall, W. R. Marshall, John 
McKean, S. Hodge, D. Russell, W. W. Thorpe, Rev. J. S. Cowden, A. B. 
Goodale, William Flude, P. Melendy, George Ordway, W. G. Donnan, H. A. 
Carter and L. Jackson. 

The growth of the school from 1870 onward made an addition to the build- 
ing necessary, which was provided in 1876 by the erection of a wing at the 
east end, which is 30x55 feet, two stories high, and cost $4,500, making the 



468 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 

total cost of the structure, as it now stands, nearly |14,000. Tlie addition 
was provided mainly by contributions from the citizens of Hopkinton, and the 
money was raised and expended under the direction of Messrs. J. T. William- 
son, H. Livingston, C. E. Merriam, John Campbell, W. H. Finley and William 
Flude. 

The original articles of incorporation were filed for record October 3, 1856. 
The document is signed by H. A. Carter, Leroy Jackson, James Kilpatrick, 
Isaac Littlefield, W. P. Cunningham, W. L. Roberts, William Holt, Edmund 
Davis, Jerome Davis, Phineas Allen, John Reed, Harrison Hill, H. R. Jackson 
and others. The authorized capital was $100,000, and the corporation to con- 
tinue twenty years. 

The attendance of students has gained steadily for several years. The num- 
ber attending the Winter term of 1870-1 was 107, while in that of 1877-8 it 
was 159. Eight students have graduated. Their names, date of graduation 
and present residences are here subjoined : 

Ralph M. Kirk, 1869, Marengo, Iowa. 

W. W. Wylie, 1872, Principal public schools. Lyons, Iowa. 

L. B. Kuhn. ISir, 

E. C. Perkins, 1875, Principal Hopkinton public schools. 

T. H. McBride, 1876, Vice President Lenox Collegiate Institute. 

B. W. Brintnall, l!S76, Indepemlence, Iowa. 

Edward Cook, 1876, Marion, Iowa. 

Miss Betty Hodge, 1877, Hopkinton, Iowa. 

H. J. Frothingham, 1877, Lansing, Iowa. 

A. G. Savage, 1877, Nugent's Grove, Iowa. 

W. A. Cruisenbury, 1877, Prairieburg, Iowa. 

There are some twelve or fourteen applicants for graduation at commence- 
ment the present month (June). 

The library is carefully selected,* and is resorted to faithfully by nearly all 
the students. 

The cabinet has been collected mainly by the exertions of Profs. Calvin and 
McBride, and contains many fine specimens, illustrating the different forms of 
crustacean and corallini life, both fossil and recent. 

The Faculty of the College is as follows for the year 1878 : 

Rev. Samuel Hodge, President and Professor of Ancient Languages. 

T. H. McBride, A. M., Vice President and Professor of Mathematics and Modern Languages. 

William Flude, Instructor ia Vocal and Instrumental Music. 

Miss Mary A. George, Preceptress, Assistant Teacher of Latin and Teacher of Higher En- 
glish. 

-Miss .Mary C. Dickey, Assistant Teacher of Botany and English Branches. 

W. A. Cruisenbury, Tutor in ALathematics. 

H. J. Frothingham, Assistant Teacher. 

RAILROADS. 

THE DUBUQUE & PACIFIC RAILROAD. 

This was the first railroad which was built into and across this county. It 
was completed to Nottingham (Earlville) in December, 1857, and to Manchester 
and Masonville in October, 1859. Connected with it, and composed of its officers 
and members, in part, was a sort of internal Credit Mobilier organization, called 
the Iowa Land Company, which provided for the right of way, and largely con- 
trolled the location of the road, and became interested in the various towns 
through which it was expected to pass. 

The road subse(iuently passed into the hands of the Dubuque & Sioux Gity 
Railroad Company, and is now operated by the Illinois Central Railroad Com- 
pany as the Iowa Division of that road, under a twenty years' lease, executed 
about 1870. 



HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. " 469 

THE DUBUQUE & SOUTHWESTERN RAILROAD 

passes through South Fork Township and touches the southeast corner of North 
Fork. It was built through the county in 1858-9. Sand Spring is the only 
station in Delaware County on the road. 

DAVENPORT & ST. PAUL RAILROAD. 

This railroad, which was completed in 1872, is the result of the indefatiga- 
ble exertions of a few citizens of Delhi, in the face of almost insuperable obsta- 
cles. The Dubuque & Sioux City Railroad had been completed in 1860 across 
the county, passing about three miles north of the county seat, as is elsewhere 
shown. Delhi was suffering from its isolation, and other towns in the county, 
both north and south of the D. & S. C. line, were anxious to have railroad com- 
munications, which could only be accomplished by a road starting from the Mis- 
sissippi River, at Clinton or Davenport, and running northerly, to some object- 
ive point in Minnesota. 

In the Fall of 1867, Hon. F. B. Doolittle and Col. John H. Peters, of 
Delhi, consulted together in relation to the practicability of securing a railroad 
to Delhi. Of the necessity of such a road they had no doubt, and agreed that 
they ought to have a road. But could they get one ? The necessity was ad- 
mitted, but was it possible to secure it ? Single-handed and alone, and without 
experience in building or managing railroads, they determined to make an 
effort. 

They arranged that Peters should open correspondence with railroad men 
and parties interested in the proposition to build a road from Clinton, or some 
other point on the Mississippi River, to some point in Fayette County. They 
succeeded in awakening an interest in the project, and at last, in January, 1868, 
concluded to call a meeting at Cascade, to which parties from Fayette, Straw- 
berry Point, Greeley, Delhi, Hopkinton, Maquoketa, Dewitt and other points 
were invited. At this meeting, the feasibility of constructing a railroad from 
Clinton northward was discussed, and the Iowa & Minnesota Grand Trunk 
Railroad Company was organized, temporarily, by choice of George W. Trum- 
bull, of Canton, Jackson County, President ; J. M. King, of Cascade, Secre- 
tary; and C. M. Dunbar, of Maquoketa, Treasurer; and a committee was ap- 
pointed to draw up articles of incorporation. 

In February, 1868, a meeting was held at Maquoketa, to consider the ques- 
tion of route — whether the proposed road should pass through Maquoketa to 
Clinton — but no decision was reached. 

In April, another meeting was held, at Hopkinton. At this meeting, W. 
A. Heath and F. B. Doolittle reported articles of incorporation, which were 
adopted, and the company permanently organized. The articles of incorpora- 
tion were filed for record June 4, 1868, with the following corporators : F. B. 
Doolittle, H, S. Brunson, Richard Boon, Benjamin Burch, M. 0. Barnes, G. 
C. Croston, Z. G. Allen and W. H. Finley. 

But by this time., the prospects for a road from Clinton were not of the most 
encouraging character, and the projectors of the enterprise at Delhi began to 
feel a little blue, but relaxed no effort to attain their object. A combination 
was formed by which the people of Fayette, Strawberry Point, Delaware, Delhi 
and Hopkinton agreed to adhere to each other, come what would, and that 
neither town should be left out of the line of the road, if they should succeed ; 
and in May, Brunson, Boon, Barnes, Doolittle, Finley and others went to 
Davenport, with the object of interesting the railroad men of that city in the 
enterprise, proposing to them to make Davenport the terminus, and give them 



470 ' HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 

the control of the road if they would take hold. Several meetings were held ; 
the Davenport people became interested ; the name of the company was changed. 
to the Davenport & St. Paul Railroad Company, and the following named 
persons elected Directors, viz.: Benjamin Burch and H. S. Brunson, Fayette ; 
G. Allen, of Brush Creek ; Richard Boon, Delaware ; F. B. Doolittle, Delhi ; 
W. H. Finley, Hopkinton ; and John L. Davis and Michael Donahue, of Dav- 
enport ; and G. C. Croston, of Cascade. 

Arranwoments were made for obtaining subscriptions to the capital stock of 
the company. Delaware Countv was expected to raise $100,000, apportioned 
as follows r Delhi, $40,000; " Hopkinton, $30,000; Delaware, $15,000; 
Greeley, $10,000; Yankee Settlement, $5,000. The Delaware County books 
were placed in charge of Judge Doolittle, who prosecuted the work with such 
energy that a little more than $100,000 were subscribed in the county. In the 
meantime, E. Baldwin, Engineer, was employed to make a preliminary survey 
from Davenport to Fayette, the gentlemen above named making voluntary 
assessments upon themselves to pay expenses. Various towns along the line 
voted a five per cent, tax in aid of the enterprise, and preparations for sub- 
stantial work began to be made. . 

At a meeting in Delhi, in August, 18G8, Trumbull, President, and King, 
Secretary, having resigned, William H. Holmes, of Davenport, was elected Presi- 
dent, and W. A, Heath, of Delhi, appointed Secretary. At the annual meet- 
ing in Davenport, in January, 1869, Mr. Holmes was re-elected President ; 
M. 0. Barnes, Vice President ; W. A. Heath, Secretary ; and R. Eddy, Treas- 
urer. The required amount of stock having been subscribed, it was expected 
that work would be commenced early in the following Spring, but, before it was 
begun, the Supreme Court decided that the law allowing towns to vote a tax to 
aid in the construction of railroads was unconstitutional, and by this deci sion 
the Davenport & St. Paul Railroad Company's assets were reduced nearly one- 
half. It was a heavy blow to those who had labored so earnestly for a road, 
coming when they felt so sure of success. 

In April, 1869, a meeting was called at Davenport to consider the situation 
and devise means for going forward with the work, and at this meeting Daven- 
port "threw up the sponge;" they had become discouraged, and felt that it- 
was useless to tr}- longer, Delhi and the other Delaware county towns, how- 
ever, were not disposed to give it up, and assured their Davenport friends that 
they were determined to have a railroad. If Davenport did not Avant the 
terminus enough to aid in the enterprise, they would find some other point. 
After several meetings and much hard labor, Davenport finally concluded that 
it was best to continue, and that Summer was spent in obtaining the additional 
subscriptions rendered necessary by the decision of the court. In the Winter 
of 1809-70 (?), the Lei^islature re-enacted the law authorizing towns to vote five 
per cent. tax. Several towns voted aid, and in the Spring of 1870, active prepar- 
ations were made for commencing work. Judge Doolittle was appointed Assist- 
ant Treasurer and Right of Way Agent. Assessments were made on capital 
stock. In June, 1870, the contracts wei-e let for grading, bridging and tieing 
tlie whole k-ngth of the road from Davenport to Fayette. Work was com- 
menced in Delaware County in September, 1870, under the management of 
Judge Doolittle, who arranged for stockholders, who desired it, to pay their 
stock subscriptions in labor and supplies. Messrs. Peters & Heath, of Delhi, 
were the attorneys of the company. So energetically was the Avork prosecuted 
that the road was completed in the Fall of 1872, the cars running to Delhi in 
September, and through the county in October of that year. The depot at 



HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 4T1 

Delhi Avas built in September, 1872, and S. S. Summers was first station agent 
at that point. 

The enterprise encountered vigorous and determined opposition from the 
start, and that it was successfully consummated is due to the indomitable energy 
and perseverance of Judge Doolittle, Col. Peters and a few other citizens of 
Delaware County, and they may well feel proud of their success. 

THE PRESS. 

The Delhi Argus. — The first newspaper printed in Delaware County was 
The Delhi Argus, started by Datus E. Coon, editor and publisher, in 1853. 
J. L. Noble, then a small boy, but since Captain in the volunteer service, 
rolled the first form. After running it about a year. Coon sold it to G. W. 
Field. When the civil war commenced, Coon entered the army, rose to the 
rank of Brigadier General ; and at the close of the war, settled in Alabama. 
Mr. Field managed the paper with energy and ability until the Fall of 1856, 
when he retired, and Charles F. Hobbs became proprietor. Mr. Field subse- 
quently removed to Anamosa ; engaged in the practice of law, and became the- 
author of several legal treatises. About the time Hobbs purchased the office, it 
was partially destroyed by fire, it is said because Joe Thompson, then " devil," 
construed literally the foreman's order to " take up the ashes in the stove and 
put them in a box." The press was seriously damaged and many fonts of type 
rendered useless. Mr. L. L. Ayers, in his interesting sketches of "Early Times 
in Delaware County," says that " a day or two after the fire, Mr. David More- 
land, of Colesburg, was at Delhi, and was informed of the fire. ' Did it burn 
the paper stock?' sympathetically asked Mr. Moreland. 'Yes,' replied his 
informant. ' What a pity ! ' exclamed Mr. Moreland, who asked, ' Did it burn 
the type?' 'Yes, most of it,' was the answer. 'What a pity!' he again 
exclaimed, and then asked, 'Did it burn the editor?' no, he is all right.' 
' What a pity ! Avhat a pity ! ' was again the old gentleman's reply." Appar- 
ently he did not sympathize very deeply over the loss. Under Mr. Hobbs' 
management, about 1858, the name of the paper was changed to 

The Delhi Democrat, and enlarged it to a seven-column folio, and the oflSce 
had a flourishing business. After Hobbs, C. L. Hayes and Hayes & Corbett 
owned the concern for a while, and valued it at $2,000. It was afterward pur- 
chased by Rev. L. S. Ashbough. Dr. James Wright, then County Clerk, had 
an interest in the paper for a time. Then J. L. McCreery purchased an interest ; 
the size was reduced to six columns and name changed to 

The Delaware Journal. January 1, 1859, Mr. Ashbaugh disposed of his 
interest to James L. Noble, who soon after relinquished the entire control of the 
paper to McCreevy, when he again changed the name to Delaivare County 
Journal, and continued its publication until January 1, 1804, when it died from 
starvation. McCreery locked up the material and departed for Dubuque, where 
he became city editor of the Dubuque Times. In March following, the material 
was purchased by Edward Burnside, moved to Manchester and became the 
office of The Delaware County Union. 

The Iowa News -was established at Delhi in 1860, by Charles L. Hayes. 
It lingered about a year, was discontinued and the material removed to 
Anamosa. 

Delaivare County Recorder. — March 24, 1870, Mr. J. A. Cole started the 
Uarlville Sun, at Earlville, February 1. 1871. Hon. C. Sanborn purchased 
it, and in June following, removed it to Delhi, changing the name to the Dela- 



472 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 

ware County Recorder, and continued it until August 22, 1872, when he sold it 
to Mr. J. B. Swinburne, who immediately changed its title to 

The Delhi Monitor, which is still published, and is still conducted by Mr. 
Swinburne with ability and judgment. Republican in politics. 

Delaivare County Union. — ^In the Winter of 1863-4, the Delaware County 
Journal, at Delhi, had suspended. The enterprising citizens of Manchester 
determined that Manchester should have a newspaper, and raised, by subscrip- 
tion, $300 as a bonus, which Avas given to Edward Burnside to aid him in 
purchasing the material of the Journal, which he did, remeving it to Manches- 
ter, and the first number of the Delaivare County Union was issued March 25, 
1864. 

Mr. Burnside conducted the paper with ability and success until his death, 
in December, 1866, when it passed into the hands of L. L. Ayers, who had 
been connected with it from the commencement. Under Mr. Ayers' manage- 
ment it was enlarged to a seven-column paper ; grew in popular favor ; was the 
organ of the Republican party, and was very successful until hard times began 
to pinch, when it died ''for want of financial breath," December 31, 1872. 
The subscription list was divided between Mr. Rann, of the Manchester Press, 
and Mr. Swinburne, of the Delhi Monitor. 

The Manchester Press. — The first number of this paper was issued June 
16, 1871, by H. L. Rann, Esq., editor and proprietor. When the Union sus- 
pended, in December, 1872, Mr. Rann purchased its subscription list and good 
will. July 1, 1873, Mr. Rann sold to Hon. C. Sanborn, who conducted it 
until January 1, 1875, when L. H. Fisk became associate editor and publisher. 
July 1, 1875, Sanborn & Fisk retired, and Mr. Rann again assumed the 
management and control of the paper, and is its present proprietor. The Press 
is a large seven-column quarto sheet, ably edited and neatly printed, and flies 
the Republican flag. The ofiice is supplied with a large Potter power press and 
a Gordon job press, with the machinery, type etc., and is the best appointed job 
printing office in the county. 

The Manchester Democrat was established and its first number was issued 
Jan. 20, 1875, by F. B. Gregg, proprietor and publisher, L. L. Ayers, editor. 
Democratic politically. After a few months, Mr. Gregg retired, and the paper 
passed into the hands of a stock company. L. L. Ayers remained as editor 
and publisher until April, 1878, when he was succeeded by E. M. Carr and 
Charles E. Bronson, as editors and proprietors. 

The Nottingham Observer was started at Nottingham (Earlville), by Ed. 
Stanton, in the Spring of 185!) ; suspended in the Fall of the same year. 

The EarlviUe Sun, started at Earlville March 24, 1870, by Mr. J. A. Cole. 
February 1, 1871, Hon. C. Sanborn purchased the office, and in March changed 
its name to the Earlville Record. In June, 1871, he removed the paper to 
Delhi, and again changed its name. 

"The Earlville Gazette was started at Earlville, Dec. 31, 1875, by W. A. 
Hutton, who sold shortly afterward to N. Rose & Son. Rose changed the name 
to the Commercial, issuing the first number May 26, 1876. The last number 
of the Coynmercial was issued April 13, 1877. 

Earlville Record.— Dec. 1!), 1877, Messrs. J. V. & J. A. Matthews issued 
the first number of a new paper at Earlville, called the Earlville Record. It is 
a six- column quarto paper, devoted to local matters, but giving considerable 
space to temperance matters and the greenback question. 

The. ffopkinton Messenger, the first number of which was published May 
10, 1H78, is owned by D. B. Sherwood, /ormerly from Michigan. The people 




nr 



i 



i^o^^^-^. 



EDITOR & PROPRIETOR OF 
THE DELHI MONITOR. 



HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 475 

of that thrifty town manifest a disposition to give the new venture all the 
business in their power to bestow. 

DELAWARE COUNTY MEDICAL SOCIETY. 

March 3, 1856, the following " Regular Physicians of Delaware County," 
viz., John Acers, Albert E. Smith, Albert Boomer, John F. Stout, Joshua 
Doran, E. C. Taylor and James Wright, met at Delhi for the purpose of organ- 
izing a county association. Dr. John Acers was chosen Chairman, and Dr. 
Boomer, Secretary. 

On motion of Dr. J. F. Stout, a Constitution and code of By-laws were 
adopted, for the "Delaware County Medical Society." The Constitution is 
signed by the physicians above named and by J. B. Ames, J. H. Shout, Z. S. 
Ward and Thomas C. McGee. After the adoption of the Constitution, the fol- 
lowing officers were elected : 

President, Albert E. Smith; Vice Presidents, John Acers and J. Doran; 
Recording Secretary, Albert Boomer ; Corresponding Secretary, J. F. Stout ; 
Censors, Drs. Smith, Stout and Doran ; Essayists, Drs. Stout and Doran. In 
the evening, the society assembled at the Court House, and was addressed by 
Drs. Smith, Doran, Acers and Wright. 

At the first annual meeting, March 17, 1857, the first fee-bill was adopted. 

At the annual meeting in March, 1857, the following officers were elected, 
viz.: Albert E. Smith, President; J. Doran and J. H. Shout, Vice Presidents; 
Albert Boomer, Recording Secretary; J. B. Ames, Corresponding Secretary; 
James Wright, Treasurer ; Drs. Acers, Shout and Doran, Censors. 

Several meetings were held in 1857, and no others appear of record until 
February 10, 1866, when the society met at Delhi, Dr. John Acers, " the 
former President," in the chair. This appears to have been a meeting for re- 
organization, as the " old Constitution and By-laws of the former Medical 
Society " were adopted. At this meeting, the following gentlemen signed the 
Constitution and paid the fee of $1.00 each, viz.: John Acers, J. W. Bobbins, 
W. H. Finley, W. A. Morse, J. M. Banning, A. A. Noyes and Albert Boomer. 
The following officers were elected: Joseph W. Bobbins, President; W. H. 
Finley, Vice President ; W. H. Finley, Secretary and Treasurer. 

August 4, 1869, the society was again re-organized at Manchester, at a 
meeting of the physicians of the county. C. H. Rawson was called to the 
chair, and Lyman J. Adair, appointed Secretary. Drs. Bradley, Banning and 
Stannard were appointed a committee to draft a Constitution and By laws for 
the Delaware County Medical Society, who reported the Constitution and By- 
laws of the Linn County Society, with suitable alterations. This was adopted 
and signed by Drs. C. H. Rawson, David LeRoy, J. Meek Lanning, W. D. 
Stannard, Charles C. Bradley and John Acers. C. H. Rawson was elected 
President; C. C. Bradley, Vice President; J. M. Lanning, Secretary; D. 
LeRoy, Treasurer, and Drs. Lanning, Bradley and Stannard, Censors. After 
which, upon examination by the Board of Censors, L. H. Keyes, Alexander 
Wiltse, B. H. Reynolds, L. J. Adair and W. B. Sherman were admitted to 
membership. The fee-bill of the "old society" was adopted. In November, 
Lewis Blanchard and George H. Fuller became members, and in February, 
1870, Albert Boomer was admitted. 

In May, 1870, a new board of officers were elected, as follows: A. Boomer, 
President; L. H. Keyes, Vice President; C. C. Bradley, Secretary; D. Le 
Roy, Treasurer ; Drs. Lanning, Bradley and Adair, Censors. 



476 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 

In May, 1871, John Acers, President; J. M. Lanning, Vice President, and 
J. T. Acers. Secretary. 

The next meeting was June 16, 1873, when W. H. Finley was elected 
President ; J. M. Lanning, Vice President ; G. H. Fuller, Secretary and Treas- 
urer ; Drs. Bradley and Paquin, Censors. 

Another meeting was held September 1, 1873, and the next of record was. 
May 25, 1876, when officers were elected as follows : C. C. Bradley, President ; 
L. H. Keyes, Vice President ; C. 0. Paquin, Secretary and Treasurer ; Drs. 
Reynolds, Pierce and Cummings, Censors. 

June 4, 1877, officers elected, C. C. Bradley, President ; Milo Blodgett,. 
Vice President ; C. 0. Paquin, Secretary and Treasurer ; Drs. Reynolds^ 
Pierce and Cummings, Censors. 

December 17, 1877, Dr. B. H. Reynolds was elected Secretary and Treas- 
urer, in place of Paquin, removed from the county. 

The officers for 1878 are B. H. Reynolds, of Manchester, President; W. 
B. Sherman, Manchester, A^ice President ; George H. Fuller, Delhi, Secretary 
and Treasurer, C. C. Bradley, Manchester, I. W. Christ, Manchester, and S. 
Haskins, Earlville, Censors. 

DELAWARE COUNTY MUSICAL ASSOCIATION. 

February 3, 1872, a meeting was held at Delaware, at which it was decided 
to organize the Delaware County Musical Association, and to hold a convention 
at DelaAvare the 20th and 21st of the same month. A committee of arrange- 
ments was chosen, and the programme was fixed by them. The convention was 
held as announced, and among those who sang or played for the meeting were 
Allie Parker, Mrs. Martin, Mrs. Clark, Mrs. J. H. Peters, Frank Martindale^ 
Edith V. Rann. Dr. J. T. Abbott was elected President, and A. J. Brown,. 
Secretary. 

The Society met again at Greeley, Nov. 5, 1874, with Dr. Abbott as Presi- 
dent and L. 0. Stevens as Secretary. Prof Arthur Baker, of Independence, 
was Conductor, and the convention closed on the 6th with a crowded concert. 

A convention was held at Hopkinton, beginning March 11, 1874. At this 
session, " Gloria," from Mozart's Twelfth Mass, was sung in excellent taste by 
Hopkinton singers. 

^The next and last convention was held at Manchester, beginning Nov. 17, 
1874, under the leadership of Prof L. 0. Emerson, of Boston, assisted by John 
G. Parkhurst, the noted concert singer, and Prof Keeler, of Osage. Among 
the visitors from other towns who had places in the exercises were Mrs. L. A. 
Nichols, of Dubuque ; Miss Noyes, of Delhi ; Prof Burns, of Cornell Univer- 
sity ; Misses Dunlap and Kilpatrick, of Hopkinton ; and Miss Annie Smith, 
Mrs. Robmson, Mrs. Sherman, Mrs. Burdick and Miss Clark, of Monticello. 
The Anamosa Eureka said of the convention that "the attendance was large, 
consisting of delegations from Dubuque, Farley, Earlville, Independence, Cedar 
Falls, Osage, Vinton, Greeley, Delhi, Hopkinton, Monticello, Sand Spring, 
Almoral and the entire musical talent of Manchester. The people of that city 
opened their doors for the free entertainment of delegates, and the entire pro- 
ceedngs were marked with the kindest feelings and a laudable desire to improve 
in the divme art. Two public concerts were given, the receipts of which, with 
Uie membership fee, covered the expenses, which were about five hundred dollars. 
Ihe exercises were varied with church music, social glees, anthems, choruses 
and solos, with voice culture, articulation, emphasis and the general reading of 



HISTOKY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 477 

music. A score of good village singing schools should result from this conven- 
tion." Dr. J. T. Abbott was continued as President, and Col. G. A. Day was 
chosen Secretary at this meeting. 

THE DELAWARE COUNTY BIBLE SOCIETY. 

The County Bible Society, a branch of the American Society, was organ- 
ized at Delhi in 1850, and Z. A. Wellman was Treasurer and Depositary for 
many years. He was succeeded by William Cattron in the Summer of 1864, 
who removed the depository to Manchester. The subsequent depositaries have 
been Morell Cotton, John C. Bremner and D. G. Eldridge. The present 
officers are Ira P. Adams, President ; A. L. Baldwin, Vice President ; C. W. 
Keagy, Secretary ; Frank J. Atwater, Treasurer and Depositary ; B. H. Keller, 
B. S. Barnard, Wm. Cattron, Directors. 

MANCHESTER. 

{Delmvare Township.) 

The first settlements made in Delaware Township (89, Range 5) were made 
in 1839-40. Robert B. Hutson, who came to the county in 1840, settled in 
the southern edge of Eads' Grove, probably on Section 2. "At least," says 
Judge Bailey, " he was very near the township line, if he was not in this town- 
ship." In 1840, the Paddelford family and the Rexfords settled near the mouth 
of Honey Creek, about two miles northwest of the present town of Manchester. 
Joel Pike settled about half a mile west of Hutson, in 1840, near the present 
site of Millheim, or "Dutchtown." 

The first settler to enter or locate any of the lands now embraced within the 
limits of Manchester was Steiner Eiversen, a Norwegian, who, in the Sprino- of 
1850, entered the southwest quarter of the southwest quarter of Section 29 
the north half of the northwest quarter of Section 32, the southeast quarter 
of the northwest quarter of Section 32, the northwest quarter of the northeast 
quarter of Section 32, the north half of the northwest quarter of Section 33, 
and the northwest quarter of the northeast quarter of Section 33. Eiverson 
built his cabin on the west side of the river, near the present residence of T. 
Crosby, Esq., and, it is said, did some breaking there; but, becoming dis- 
satisfied after living there one Winter, he thought it would be warmer nearer 
the river, and moved his cabin accordingly. This did not suit him, owing to 
the ague and mosquitoes, ancl he moved to the east side and built another and 
larger cabin, on Section 33, which is still standing, a part of the residence of 
Allen Love. Eiversen soon became dissatisfied and discontented. His wife 
could not speak the English language, and, hearing that some of his country- 
men had settled in the northern part of the State, he was anxious to join them. 
September 17, 1852, he sold his claim and the lands above mentioned to Mr. 
Allen Love and removed, Mr. liove thinks, to the vicinity of Clermont. Mr. 
Love immediately moved into the house vacated by Eiverson. 

Mr. Love and wife had a bitter experience on the first day's travel out from 
Dubuque. Their son Robert, while getting some bread from a box in the back 
part of the wagon, fell to the ground and was picked up insensible. A German 
family lived near by, and thither they conveyed the child. A doctor was sum- 
moned from Dubuque, but the child was dead before he arrived. Mr. Love then 
went to Dubuque and procured a coffin, in which the corpse was placed, and 
with their dead child they arrived at Eiverson's cabin. They dug a grave just 



478 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 

southeast of the house, in which they interred the lad, and the next year his 
brother Allen planted an evergreen to mark the spot, which is now growing 
careen and thrifty on the bank above the railroad track. 

John Brownell afterAvard settled where Eiverson first built his cabin, on the 
west side of the river, and was living there in 1854. 

George Acres, who had settled in 1851, lived about a mile northwest of 
Eiverson ; but a few weeks after Mr. Love came. Acres sold to Mr. Levings Bur- 
rington, who settled there in the Fall of 1852. 

Mr. Love states that their nearest neighbors, in 1852, were Mr. Fowler, 
Henry Baker and Clement Coffin, on the west, Mr. Shaffer, on the east, and 
Joel Bailey on the southeast. Mr. Love also says that the nearest flouring-mill 
was Benson's, and that it sometimes took a week to get a grist. His surplus 
products were sold to immigrants — flour at the rate of $1.25 a hundred, bacon 
at two and one-half cents a pound, and eggs at three cents a dozen. In 1854, 
Allen Love, Jr., went to school at Acresville. 

April 19, 1853, Ozias P. Reeves bought of John C. Higginson the south- 
east quarter of the southeast quarter of Section 29, and the northeast 
quarter of the northeast quarter of Section 32. Higginson appears to 
have been a professional speculator in lands. 0. P. Reeves was the first 
actual settler on the original plat of Burrington. He first lived in a 
little temporary shanty that stood a little west of the present Nix House, 
on the northeast corner of Fayette and Tama streets, but soon built and re- 
moved to a house farther east, near the east line of Section 29. June 29, 
1853, 0. P. Reeves entered the southeast quarter of southwest quarter of 
Section 28. 

The southeast quarter of the southwest quarter and the southwest quarter 
of the southeast (juarter of Section 29 was entered in the name of Manasseh 
Reeves, the father of 0. P., who seems to have transferred them to his son. 
The northeast (quarter of the southwest quarter and the north half of the 
southeast (juarter of Section 29 were entered by Geo. Acers, 1850-51. 

April 1, 1854, 0. P. Reeves deeded to Rev. B. M. Amsden the northeast 
quarter of the northeast quarter of Section 32 — 40 acres — and a " heater 
piece," containing three acres, on the southeast corner of Section 29, to afford 
a building site on the old Delhi and West Union road, which ran " across lots " 
at this point. 

During the Summer or Fall of 1854, James Dyer, the founder of Dyers- 
ville, a gentleman of great energy, who was largely interested in the then 
projected Dubuijue & Pacific Railroad, Avith Mr. William Chesterman visited 
the new town of Delaware Center (Acersville) and endeavored to make arrange- 
ments with the proprietor, John Acers, by which that town should become a 
station on the line of the projected railroad. Delaware Center was a good site. 
There was a good mill privilege there and the river could be easily bridged. 
But Acers, taking it for granted that the road must come there, fixed his price 
for one-half interest in the town, it is said, at $(3,000. Dyer and Chesterman, 
however, concluded that the price was much too high. They thought they 
could start a new town clieaper than that, and came down to Mr. Reeves to see 
what could be done. Reeves and L. Burrington had foresight enough to 
appreciate the advantages that might accrue, provided a town could be founded 
and the railroad secured. Mr. Burrington and Mr. Reeves entered heartily 
into the scheme. Mr. Reeves donated twenty acres and put in other lands, 
becoming co-proprietor with Dyer. It became necessary to obtain part or all 
of the land which Reeves had sold to Amsden. Consequently, Mr. Reeves was 



HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 479 

authorized by Mr. Burrington to proceed to Belvidere, 111., as his agent, to 
negotiate an exchange with Mr. Amsden for other land owned by Mr. Burring- 
ton. The mission was successful and Mr. Reeves returned with a conveyance 
from Mr. Amsden to Mr. Burrington of the north half of the northeast quarter 
of the northeast quarter of Section 32, and also secured the relinquishment of 
the " heater piece." Messrs. Dyer and Chesterman succeeded in purchasing 
four " forties," including the mill site, of Allen Love, for $10 an acre, and it 
was determined that the projected town should be called 

BURRINGTON, 

as Mr. Burrington had donated the land obtained from Mr. Amsden. 

Soon after the preliminary arrangements had been made with Reeves, Bur- 
rington and Love, Dr. Acers, who had heard of the project, hurried to Dyers- 
ville with an oifer to donate Avhat he had the week previous asked $6,000 for, if 
Dyer would abandon the Burrington scheme and come to Delaware Center. But 
it was too late. Other arrangements had been made and James Dyer was not a 
man to " go back " on his promises, 

December 8, 1854, Allen Love deeded to Dyer & Chesterman the north- 
west quarter of the northeast quarter of Section 32, the north half of the north- 
west quarter of Section 32, and the southwest quarter of the southwest quarter 
of Section 29. Dec. 21, 0. P. Reeves deeded to Dyer & Chesterman part of 
the south half of the southeast quarter of Section 29, and on the same day, L. 
Burrington deeded to Dyer the north half of the northeast quarter of the north- 
east quarter of Section 32 (the Amsden purchase). 

A part of the work of surveying the town into L-locks and marking the streets 

and alleys was done by Davis, Surveyor, in December, 1854, but work 

was suspended on account of the frost. The survey was finished and blocks 

divided into lots in the Spring of 1855, Davis, Surveyor, assisted by 

Charles C. Lewis and C. C. Peers, chainmen ; James Dyer and 0. P. Reeves, 
proprietors. May 20, 1855, 0. P. Reeves deeded to James Dyer the south half 
of the southeast quarter of the southwest quarter of Section 29. The original 
town of Burrington was laid out on the south half of the southeast quarter of 
Section 29. and north half of northeast quarter of Section 32. 

During the last days of December, 1854, Mr. Dyer and Mr. Chesterman 
visited their new town of Burrington, accompanied by Francis Bethell, to make 
arrangements for building a store and mill dam, as the erection of a mill was a 
part of the programme. While here, Mr. Bethell selected two lots (142 and 
143) on the northwest corner of Main and Franklin Streets, as a location for a 
hotel, paying $25 for one and securing the other as a donation, on condition 
that he should build on them immediately. Others were treated in the same 
way until several buildings were erected and the town began to grow. At this 
time the house of P. Reeves was the only one on the town site. The party 
returned to Dyersville, arriving there January 1, 1855. 

During the Winter and Spring, Dyer built a store on the southwest corner 
of Main and Franklin streets, commencing it in February. This store, to 
which additions were afterward built, is still standing,, and is called " The 
Long Store." As soon as it was completed, a stock of goods was put in, in 
charge of George E. Toogood and W. H. Board. 

In March, 1855, Thomas Toogood and Francis Bethell commenced build- 
ing a house on the lots located by Mr. Bethell in December previous. This 
house was a frame structure, sixty-five by forty-four feet, two and a half stories 
high, and was finished and opened as a hotel in the Fall of the same year. It 



480 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTy. 

was named the Clarence House by the proprietors, in honor of Lord Clarence, 
of England. In the Spring and early Summer, A, R. Loomis built a store on 
the middle third of Lot 147, on the south side of Main, east of Franklin street, 
and moved his goods from his old store at Delaware Center. This store 
remained until it was removed to make way for Riddell Bros', brick block, in 
1877. Mr. Loomis also built a house on the south side of Fayette street, near 
Bremer. Edson Merrill erected another near Loomis', on the same street, and 
Marshall Hancock built' a house on the north side of the same street, two blocks 
west of the others, during the same Summer. Hancock was the first to build a 
house after Toogood & Bethell. 

Joseph W. Bobbins, M. D., was the first physician to locate in the new 
town, in May, 1855. Soon after, during the Summer, Dr. Samuel L. Hamlet 
moved his house from Delaware Center, and located it on the northeast corner 
of Fayette and Bremer streets. 

In August, 1855, Dyer & Chesterman completed a dam across the Maquo- 
keta, about ten rods above the present dam and bridge, and built a bridge over 
it, the timbers supporting the bridge being imbedded in the masonry of the 
dam. The next year, a saw-mill was partially built. The machinery was put 
in, but the roof was never put on. This work was done under the superintend- 
ence of Mr. William Chesterman. The dam was built of small stones laid in 
cement, and went out a year or two after it was built. 

THE FIRST ELECTION. 

Until February 7, 1855, Cofiin's Grove had been a part of Delaware Town- 
ship, and the polling place was at Delaware Center, or Acersville. But at that 
date Coffin's Grove Township was established by the County Court. There is 
no record of the April election in Delaware Township, but the poll-book of the 
general election held August 6, 1855, at the house (store) of A. R. Loomis, in 
Burrington, shows that H. L. Ryan was one of the Township Trustees, and 
Joseph C. Skinner, Township Clerk. At that election, H. L. Ryan, Watson 
Roe and Levi Washburn were the Judges, and J. C. Skinner and Allen Mead, 
Clerks of the election. The officers voted for were County Judge, Sheriff, 
Recorder, Surveyor, Draining Commissioner and Coroner. For County Judge, 
F. B. Doolittle had 28 votes, and Charles W. Hobbs, 12. For Sheriff, C. T. 
Peets had 48 ; John W. Penn, 21. For Recorder, George Watson, 27 ; D. E. 
Coon, 14 ; William Price, 1. For Surveyor, W. P. Cunningham, 29 ; Charles 
F. Hobbs, 13. For Draining Commissioner, John Hefner, 27; Franklin 
Emerson, 15. For Coroner, J. M. Noble, 27 ; Stephen Reynolds, 18. The 
poll-book of that election is preserved in the office of Mayor Sanborn, and con- 
tains the names of forty-five voters who exercised the right of suffrage on that 
day, viz. : Albert Thompson, 0. P. Reeves, James Penrod, Sidney S. Law- 
rence, A. R. Loomis, Watson Roe, Allen Mead, Levi Washburn, Henry Ryan, 
J. C. Skinner, S. L. Hamlet, Joseph Strawson, Frank Adle, Samuel Sweet, 
Elijah Cheney, Marshal Hancock, Reuben Davis, Charles Trenchard, William 
Davis, Hiram Caster, Thomas Brown, Andrew Scribner, William Mcintosh, 
Allen Love, Samuel Scribner, Milton E. Mead, J. D. Scott, George Acers, 
Benjamin F. Smith, Albert Raymond, Lyman Wright, Henry Acers, Thomas 
Toogood, W. H. Board, George' W. Boyd", John Brownell, L. Burrington, John 
H. Taber, Gideon C. Hempstead, John Hempstead, J. C. Hosier, Levi Beyh- 
mor, George E. Toogood, Vernon Burrington, John Acers, Frank Bethell. 

Rev. H. N. Gates, Rev. Mr. Graves and Elder Bixby preached in Burring- 
ton in I 8^)5— o. 



HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 481 

FIRST BIRTHS, MARRIAGES AND DEATH. 

Although the interesting circumstance did not take place on the town plat 
itself, still, being at the residence of Allen Love, it is an item of Manchester his- 
tory itself. In 1855, at the residence of the bride's parents, Jane, daughter of Mr. 
and Mrs. Love, was married to William Mcintosh, Rev. Daniel Smith, a Meth- 
odist minister, officiating. In the same year, Marvin Reeves was born to 0. P. 
and Mrs. Reeves, undoubtedly the first white child born on the town site of 
Burrington or Manchester. The second marriage in the township, and the first 
in Manchester, was Lyman Wright to Sarah Lockwood. The first death 
appears to have been that of Charles E., son of 0. P. Reeves, who died July 9, 
1855, aged 3 years. 

In the Spring of 1856, the people petitioned for the establishment of a post 
office at Burrington, but the Post Office Department declined to establish it by 
that name, as it was too nearly like Burlington. Judge Dyer was a native of 
England, and when the answer was returned, Mr. Peers states that he heard 
Dyer say : " There's a Manchester in England, and we'll call this Manches- 
ter." The name was returned to the Post Office Department for approval, and 
April 8, 1856, the Post Office of Manchester was established at Burrington, as 
the town was usually called until about the time the railroad was completed. 

The town plat of Burrington, although made by Dyer & Reeves, in 1854-5, 
-was not recorded until March 13, 1856, when the proprietors dedicated the 
streets and alleys to public use. About this time, the Iowa Land Company was 
•organized, or at least its organization became pubicly known. To this company 
Dyer sold the town of Dyersville, and included Burrington in the transaction. 

THE RAILROADS. 

In 1855, the work of constructing the Dubuque & Pacific Railroad, between 
Dubuque and Dyersville, was commenced, and it was nearly completed to the 
latter point in December, 1856, but trains did not begin to run regularly until 
the Spring of 1857. R. B. Mason & Co. were the contractors, who sub-let the 
work in sections. Many of the sub-contractors failed, and a considerable 
portion of the work was done by Magill, Denton k Co. The firm consisted of 
Hugh Magill, N. Denton, Henry Magill and William Magill, the latter being 
the sons of the senior member of the firm. 

During the Summer of 1856, the Chief Engineer of the Railroad Company, 
B. B. Provost, surveyed two lines across Delaware County for Dyersville ; one 
the shortest and cheapest route, running by way of Delaware Center and 
Coffin's Grove, the other passing through just south of Burrington. The Iowa 
Land Company employed Samuel Bethell to make a careful survey of the 
Burrington route, and estimate its cost. It was found that the expense of the 
road by this route would be something over $13,000 more than it would cost to 
l)uild the road via Delaware Center. This difference the Iowa Land Company 
agreed to pay, and thus secured th^ final location of the road to and through 
Burrington. 

AN INCIDENT OF EARLY TIMES. 

Soon after the village of Burrington sprang into existence, one rainy after- 
noon in the Fall of 1856, when everybody was indoors and other amusements 
had failed, two prominent gentlemen, Ex-Sheriff Penn and Mr. Burrington, 
for whom the village was named, bantered each other for a foot race from the 
■corner of Main and Franklin streets up Franklin street to the next street. 
The mud was six or eight inches deep, there was no sidewalks, and it was 



482 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 

raining in torrents, but something must be done to raise a breeze and get rid of 
the ennui of a rainy day. A wager of five dollars was put up, and Penn and 
Burrinc^ton, barefooted and bareheaded, with trousers legs rolled up, took their 
places in front of the Clarence House ready for the start. Both were large 
heavy men, but when the word was given they made a good start. The mud 
was deep, however, and they were soon winded ; and as they puffed and blowed 
slowly along, the unique sight of a foot race in a rain storm in mud eight inches 
deep was greeted with roars of laughter from the bystanders, who will never 
foro-et the fun of that occasion. It is said that Burrington came out a "leetle" 
ahead. 

Jan. 24, 1857, Neil McCorniick, residing about a mile and a half east of 
Manchester, went to Delhi with a load of wheat to mill. He was accompanied 
by his son James, then a lad of six years. He started from Delhi about 4 
o'clock P. M., in a severe snow storm. The snow was deep, the night was cold 
and the wind blew a gale. When within about a mile and a half from home, 
the team lost the track, McCormick became bewildered, wandered about all 
night, traveled once in a circle around his house within a quarter of a mile of 
it, but the storm was so severe that it could not be seen. About 3 o'clock 
in the morning, the horses became exhausted, and Mr. McCormick went on 
about three rods, sat down on the snow completely chilled. James was curled 
down in the sled box asleep. His father called him ; he awoke and went to him 
and asked his father what he wanted, but received no definite reply. James 
says that it was not two minutes after he reached him before his father laid back 
in the snow, groaned and died. The little fellow, only six years old, finding 
his father was dead, unhitched the horses, climbed on to the near one, started 
them off, laid down clinging to the hames and went to sleep. When he awoke, 
the horses were standing in front of Mr. Mitchell's house, a mile and a half 
from home. This was only a quarter of a mile from where his father lay dead 
in the snow. James was badly chilled, but recovered in a few weeks, but his 
escape from freezing in that terrible storm is but little short of miraculous. 

July Idth of the same year, James McCormick, above mentioned, and his 
brother Neil, fourteen months younger, went bathing in a little run at the head 
of Spring Branch, in Delaware Township, about half a mile from where their 
father froze to death. They had been there before, but a recent freshet had 
made a deep gully that they were not aware of. Neil got beyond his depth and 
was drowned before the men from a neighboring quarry, alarmed by the shouts 
of James, could reach the spot. James came near drowning himself. 

In 1857, I. U. Butler and Wm. H. Board & Co. built and opened stores. 
In July, 1857, there were twelve or fifteen dwellings in the new town, and a 
4th of July ball was given in Butler's unfinished store, which was hastily 
floored for the occasion. The siding was not all completed, and there was no 
roof on the building, but these were minor matters. " The young people were 
bound to have a good time, and they had it," says Mr. Butler, who was su 
spectator on that occasion. 

In December, 1857, Messrs. Magill & Co. completed the road to Nottingham, 
known as Earlville, and did the most of the grading between that point and. 
Manchester, but the great financial crash of that year compelled them to suspend 
operations, and they ceased work in October. In July, 1859, work was resumed 
by Magill & Co., Henry Magill having retired, and C. H. Carpenter having 
become a member of the firm, and the road was completed to Manchester early 
in October of that year. The depot was built on the west side of the river. 



HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 48S 

MANCHESTER. 

By act of the General Assemby of Iowa, approved Jan. 23, 1857, the 
name of the town of Burrington was changed to Manchester ; and during the 
following Summer the town of Manchester, including the old town of Burring- 
ton, with large additions, was surveyed by Samuel Bethell. The plat was filed 
for record by the Iowa Land Company, R. B. Mason, President, March 20, 
1858. The railroad was now a certainty, and the new town grew rapidly in 
population and business importance. 

The first case tried before 0. P. Reeves, J P., was that in which Marcellus 
Netheway was plaintiff and Levings Burrington defendant. The witnesses 
were the plaintiff, Oliver Cronk, Edward Manning, Augustus Manning and A. 
R. Loomis. Burrington was not present. Judgment was given plaintifi' for 
$15, and the costs were $4.25. The cause was heard and determined June 9. 
1857. 

JEALOUSY AND DEATH, 

In 1858, William Brown, a young man who was at work on the railroad, lived 
with his sister, a mile and a half east of town, in a railroad shanty. Young 
Brown was paying his addresses to Kate Gill, an amiable and comely Irish lass 
who had been employed as table girl at the Clarence House. It is said that the 
young couple were "engaged," but Brown's sister was bitterly opposed to the 
match. Just north of the railroad bridge there was a Connery family with 
several daughters ; one, Mary, had married Joseph Coughlan, another, Honora, 
16 years old, was in the matrimonial market, and there were two younger ones, 
Bridget and Anna. Mrs. Connery and Mrs. Coughlan visited Brown's cabin 
one afternoon, and, aided by his sister, besought him to leave Kate and take 
Honora Connery. He had never seen the damsel, but her mother and sister 
and his sister said so much that he finally yielded and told them they might send 
for her at Rockville, where she was at work. She came, saw and conquered. 
Poor Kate was forgotten, for the time at least ; the next day after they first 
met, the pair, accompanied by friends, went to Delhi and were married. It 
seems, however, that the youthful benedict soon repented of his hasty marriage, 
at least he appears to have continued his attention to Kate, accompanying her 
to dances, etc., and the fearful passion of jealousy entered the heart of the wife, 
who considered herself neglected ; friendly relations, however, were apparently 
maintained among the parties. 

Under these circumstances, on Thursday, August 5, Kate had been helping 
the Connery family do their washing, and in the afternoon, Mrs. Coughlan, Mrs. 
Brown, Bridget and Anna and Kate went to the river about eighty rods below the 
railroad bridge to bathe. This was the last seen of Kate, alive. While the 
party was absent, a workman in that vicinity heard a woman scream, but thought 
nothing of it at the time. When the party returned, Kate was not with them, 
and, in reply to queries, the Connery family said that Kate had gone beyond 
her depth, was swept off and was drowned. Kate's friends asserted that she was 
a good swimmer and suspected foul play. 

About a week afterward, her naked body was found about half a mile below, 
lodged against some driftwood. Her clothes were also found buried in the sand 
and rubbish on the river bank near where the party had been. The remains 
were brought to town and a Coroner's inquest held. When found, the poor girl's 
tongue was protruding from her mouth, and it is said that there were bruises 
and marks of violence on her neck, but Dr. Morse, who made a post mortem 
examination, " found no marks of violence on the body." The jury brought in 



484 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. / 

a verdict in accordance with the facts. Mrs. Brown and Mrs. Coiighlan were 
arrested and brought before 0. P. Reeves, Justice of the Peace, for examination. 
The Court was hehl in E. Hamblin's wagon shop. S. G. Van Anda, Esq., 
then of Delhi, appeared on behalf of the people, and E. 0. Clemans and H. L. 
Ryan for the prisoners. The following extract from the Justice's docket shows 
the result of the preliminary examination : 

After hearing the evidence of all the witnesses and statements of the defendants, as above, it 
is considered by the Court that the defendants, Honorah Brown and Mary Coughlan, are guilty 

of murdering Catharine Gill, alias Devano . It is therefore ordered by the Court that the 

defendants be held for their appearance at the next terra of the District Court of Delaware 
County, Iowa, and that Ann Connery and Bridget Connery be held on the sum of one hundred 
dollars to appear at said Court to testify before the Grand Jury, and in defixult, to be committed 
to the custody of the proper officer. OZIAS P. REEVES, 

August 17, 1858. Justice of the Peace. 

They were committed to jail, but the Grand Jury failed to find a true bill, 
it is said because instructed by the prosecuting officer that there was not suffi- 
cient evidence to convict them. The evidence was purely circumstantial, and the 
eye witnesses of the closing scene of Kate's life declared that she had been 
drowned accidentally and becoming frightened lest they might be accused of the 
murder, they had buried her clothes. They were discharged and soon after dis- 
appeared. Public opinion was strongly prejudiced against them, and the general 
belief of this community is and has been that while bathing they fell into a 
quarrel and Kate was seized and held under water to punish her, perhaps not 
with the design of drownino; her, but her maddened assailants held her under 
too long. 

.lUDGE LYNCH MAKES A MISTAKE. 

Brief mention has been made in the general history of a lynching affiiir in 
Manchester, in 1859, that is somewhat incorrect. In May, of that year, 
Thomas W. Robinson had a horse stolen. About a week afterward, a span of 
horses, belonging to A. Campbell, strayed away. Campbell, supposing they 
had been stolen, offered a reward for their recovery. Robert Carl, a resident 
of Manchester, saw the horses feeding on the bottom below town, came and 
asked Campbell what he would give him to find the horses. " Five dollars," 
replied Campbell. " Give me a halter," said Carl. The halter was given him 
and in about an hour he returned, leading the estrays. 

Several impulsive citizens jumped to the conclusion that the horses had been 
stolen, and suspected a man named Peters. But Peters was not an easy man 
to handle, and they thought that they might be able to make Carl confess. 
Accordingly they went to his house, called him out, seized him and carried him 
to Allen Love's Grove, tied a rope around his neck, threw the other end over a 
limb and " strung him up " twice to make him confess. He stoutly affirmed his 
innocence, and they just run him up a third time when they became alarmed by 
the approach of a party of citizens who had been summoned by Mrs. Carl, when 
her husband was forcibly abducted, and the cowardly lynchers suddenly fled, 
leaving their victim hanging. Two of them, however, more thoughtful than the 
rest, returned, cut him down and had barely time to escape before the citizens 
reached the scene and cared for the nearly strangled Carl. He had been roughly 
and cruelly treated, and the act was one that has no palliation, no excuse, and, 
doubtless, those engaged in it will not regret that their names are omitted in 
this sketch. 



HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 485 



A BLACK SUNDAY. 

r 

One Sunday, March 3, 1860, the water in the Maquoketa was very high. 
The ice had just broken in the river and was running out and the bottoms were 
overflowed. About 1 o'clock P. M., on that day, three boys, Bartholomew 
O'Rourke, Duncan McCormick and "Batty" Harrigan, aged 19, 15 and 12 
respectively, thought it would be fine sport to have a boat ride, although they 
had been warned of the danger of the undertaking. They unmoored the canoe 
and embarked with only two sticks for paddles. The frail bark was soon caught 
in the rushing current and was swept resistlessly down the river into a flooded 
grove about three-quarters of a mile below the bridge. Here the boat was 
dashed, broadside on, against a small tree and was upset. The two younger 
lads fortunately reached the tree and climbed into it, while O'Rourke sought 
refuge in another one near by. The now thoroughly frightened boys discussed 
the feasibility of attempting to swim ashore for some time, but the current was 
rapid, the ice running pretty thick, and they finally concluded that it was too 
hazardous and they began to yell lustily for help. Allen Love, Jr., and 
William Mcintosh heard their cries, went down to discover the cause of the 
alarm and returned and notified the towns people of the perilous situation of 
the lads. This was about half-past 2 o'clock P. M. Immediately all was 
excitement, people hurried down to the spot, lumber was hauled down to build 
rafts, for there was no boat — all was confusion and advice was 7iumerous. 

Among others, John C. Bremner hurried to the spot and, all heated as he 
was by the long run, threw off" his outer garments, tied a rope around his waist 
and boldly plunged into the foaming, ice cold waters. He soon became chilled 
and helpless and was drawn ashore more dead than alive. A rude raft was hastily 
constructed of logs rails, etc., and on it Allen Love, Jr., and Albert Roe started 
to rescue the boys, but the raft struck the tree in which the two boys were 
perched, upset and broke up. Love and Roe attempted to climb into the tree 
but it was not strong enough and broke beneath their weight; they then swam to 
the tree where O'Rourke was resting alone, that bi'oke down, and, while Love 
and Roe sought other trees, O'Rourke struck out for the west shore and barely 
succeeded in reaching it. Another raft was constructed and about 5 o'clock, 
Love and Roe were rescued, thoroughly chilled. It was now nearly night. 
Mike Reardon, a shoemaker, who had been drinking some during the day, came 
down. He was known as an expert swimmer, and John Tiernay, the guardian 
of young Harrigan, offered him five dollars if he would bring the boy ashore. 
Reardon, unmindful of the remonstrances of the bystanders, plunged in, swam 
to the tree, compelled Harrigan to get down (against his will) and mount his 
back. He then started for the shore with his burden, but had swam but a short 
distance before he became chilled and exhausted and told the boy to get off" and 
swim alone. Poor Harrigan didn't want to, but Reardon was determined and 
he slipped off" and sank immediately. Reardon swam a short distance further 
to a little clump of willows, where he uttered a moan, clung to the bushes and 
sank partially, being still in sight although it was becoming quite dark. It was 
afterward found that the water was only about three feet deep where he was 
drowned. Only young McCormick now remained. A raft of lumber was care- 
fully constructed by the light of blazing tar barrels, and two brave raftsmen, 
Frank Cronk and Robert Parker, started to rescue him. Just as they reached 
the tree, a huge cake of ice struck their craft and drove it below and they 
regained the shore with difficulty. They didn't care to go again on the per- 



486 . HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 

ilous errand, but were at last persuaded to try it again, and had the proud 
satisfaction of bringing the boy ashore about 11:30 P. M. 

This was a notable event in the history of Manchester, and will not be for- 
gotten by those who were eye witnesses, although there are many different ver- 
sions of the affair. The body of Reardon was recovered the next day, by Mr. 
H. L. Bates. He was still clinging to the willows and his face out of water 
but covered with ice. Harrigan's body was not found until the water subsided. 

In 1860, Olney remarked of another citizen, whose name is now for- 
gotten, that he was a thief. This was regarded injurious to his reputation by 
him of the forgotten name, who may be styled John Doe. He sued Olney before 
Justice E. L. Eaton, for defamation, retaining A. S. Blair, Esq. Olney secured 
the services of Henry L. Ryan. Blair introduced his evidence and made so 
clear a case, that Ryan saw his client was sure to lose. Determined to save his 
client and to maintain his own reputation, Ryan began to introduce evidence to 
show that his client. Olney, could not be believed under any circumstances, 
intending, thereby, to show that Doe had suffered no damage to his character. 
Blair objected as soon as he saw Ryan's drift, but Justice Eaton, thinking there 
was fun ahead, allowed the evidence. Ryan examined his witnesses, made an 
effective address to the jury, who brought in a verdict for the defendant. Mr. 
Blair says, in this connection, that Mr. Ryan was as troublesome an antagonist 
in his justice practice as he ever met, being full of resources in critical cases. 

THE BRIDGES. 

In 1861, the business of the town required that something should be done 
about making the river passable. The makeshift erected by Dyer & Ches- 
terman had entirely disappeared. Accordingly, in 1861, the people of Man- 
chester pledged a sum sufficient to erect a bridge, and the timbers were got 
out and hewed by C. C. Peers. The Board had appropriated $600 toward the 
structure. The bridge was planked and opened to the public the same Fall. 
It was a well built structure, and a credit to the public spirit of the young 
town. 

June 27, 1865, during the heavy rain, Thomas Toogood and A. M. Sher- 
wood procured a heavy cable and with it crossed the railroad bridge, came up 
on the west side, made fast the cable to the wagon bridge and tied it to a tree, 
steamboat fashion, near L. S. Millett's house. Early the next morning their 
precaution was justified, for the water floated the structure off its piers and 
swung it against the right bank, where it looked like a flat-boat gone to wreck. 
When the water abated, the work of replacing the bridge began, under the super- 
vision of C. H. Carpenter, Charles Paxson and W. C. White. The timbers 
and planks of the wrecked bridge being saved, a considerable outlay was avoided. 
Piles were driven and a bridge put up in much the same form as Caesar's famous 
bridge across the Rhine. This stood till March, 1867, when it was broken 
down by the drifting ice, and again in 1868. 

In the Summer of that year, after a heated contest among various business 
men as to where a new bridge should be located, the site having been finally 
referred to the Board of Supervisors and fixed by them, that bodjr voted an 
appropriation of $5,000 toward a new bridge. This was as large a sum as the 
Board was aHowed by law to grant, and the Town Council was obliged to raise 
the additional $6,500 necessary, by the sale of bonds. The bridge was begun 
and finished in that year, under the supervision of Charles Paxson, H. M. Con- 
gar and Joel Bailey, which stood until 1877, when it was replaced by a struc- 



HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 487 

ture partly of wood and partly of iron. The piers laid in 1868 look as if they 
would stand as long as the earth itself. 

THE PEOPLE EXCITED. 

In 1861, the lot on the northeast corner of Franklin and Main sts., opposite 
the Clarence House, where a handsome brick block has since been erected by B. 
Thorp, Sr., was vacant. On this lot stood a "Liberty pole'' about fifty feet 
high. One bright morning, when the goOd citizens of the town began to be 
astir, they discovered the rebel flag flying from the top of that pole. Immedi- 
ately the whole town was ablaze with excitement and indignation. Who was 
the traitor who had dared to raise that rag ? Nobody knew, but there floated the 
Confederate flag and it must come down. A boy was sent up to cut the ropes, but 
when he had climbed to within six or eight feet of the top he found the pole 
had been greased and he could get no further. Then they tried to cut the rope 
with bullets, but this was not successful, and after some time axes were brought 
and wielded by strong arms, the pole was cut down and the hated emblem of 
treason was cut in pieces by the loyal and indignant populace. It was dis- 
covered afterward that some young men for pure love of fun had, during the 
night, tied the flag to the pole just to see what the people would do when it was 
discovered, and after fastening the flag, the daring youth who ascended the pole 
greased it for several feet so that it would be difficult to climb again. The inci- 
dent served to demonstrate the loyalty of the people. The young men who 
perpetrated this practical joke afterward entered the service of the United States 
and served three years. 

In March, 1864, ten years after the first building was erected, Manchester 
contained 20-3 buildings, 140 of which were dwellings, and the business of the 
town was as follows, as published in the first number of the Delaware County 
Union, March 25, 1864 : 

Dry Goods, Groceries, etc., Loorais & Cornish; Robert Rule; John Tier- 
nay; H. Hutchinson; Cattron & Wheeler; H. M. Congar k Co.; Paxson, 
Thompson k Seeds. Harness Shops, W. H. Bard k Co. ; M. A. Newcomb. 
Boots and Shoes, B. H. Keller ; Seth Brown. Hardware and Stoves, I. U. 
Butler ; Adams k Freelove. Drugs, Charles Burnside ; M. Cotton. Jewelry, 
D. R. Lewis ; Dodson & Wells. Agricultural Implements, N. Ruggles. Gro- 
ceries and Liquors, Clinton & McCarty ; S. Davidson ; W. C. White. Meat 
Market, Geo. Brownell ; Millinery and Dress Making, the Misses Davis ; Mrs, 
R.H.Cotton; Miss Lizzie White. Blacksmiths, Edson Merrill ; James Brown; 
Harrison L. Bates ; W.E.Foster. Wheelwrights, G. A. Chapman; H.Walton. 
Saloon, M. Plimpton. Produce, L. A. Loomis. Tailor, Louis Haubenestel. 
Ambrotype Artist, E. P. Libby. Chair Factory. G. R. Hartwell. Livery 
Stable, Morgan k Daggett. Select School, S. L. Doggett. Hotel, Clarence 
House, by Toogood k Bethel. Coopers, S. W. Green. Wagon Shops, Smart 
& Doolittle ; Enos Hamblin. Painter, J. E. Harker. Fanning Mill Manu- 
factory, Tush & Brownell. Grain Elevators, I. P. Adams ; A. R. Loomis ; 
Paxon, Tomlinson & Co. Lumber Yard, I. P. Adams. Railroad Eating 
House, John Schilling. Press, Delaware County Union, by Edward Burnside. 
Doctors, J. W. Bobbins ; L. B. Ross. Lawyer, H. S. Blair. 

In the Spring of 1865, the patriotic citizens of Manchester erected another 
liberty pole, with appropriate ceremonies, speech, etc. " Thereby hangs a tale." 
The necessary funds were subscribed and several patriotic citizens organized an 
expedition for the purpose of discovering a sky-scraper, and obtained one. Soon 
after the mast had been placed in position, it was discovered that about $60 had 



488 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 

been paid by the citiz-ns, and a report of expenditures was called for, which 
was rendered substantially as follows. 

Citizens of Manchester for procuring liberty pole: 

To and team two days $ 6 00 

To and team two days 6 00 

To 's work, two days 2 50 

To s work, two days 2 50 

To lunch for party 36 50 

To board, five persons two days 6 25 

Total 159 75 

This was accepted as satisfactory, but a few days after a German citizen of 
Richland Township put in an appearance at Manchester and talked about legal 
proceedings for stealing timber, but accepted a five dollar bill as a compromise, 
and some people say they don't quite understand the report and voucher above 
presented. 

On Saturday, September 9, 1865, a temporary bridge was built across the 
Maquoketa to take the place of the one which had been swept away by the 
floods, on the site of the old one at the foot of Franklin street. 

The population of Manchester, in 1865, had increased to 852. 

In January, 1866, a brass band was organized in Manchester, with the fol- 
lowing members: Charles Eaton, Leader; A. M. Sherwood, J. W. Holmes, 
Robert Rule, Jr., J. A. Wheeler, L. W. Adams, John F. Merry, H. A. Bur- 
nett, A. M. Freelove, A. L. Manning, Joseph Gary and Truman R. McKee. 

MURDER AND SUICIDE. 

On Thursday evening, November 8, 1866, J. W. Myers, maddened by 
jealousy, attempted to shoot his wife, but missed her, when she fell to the floor; 
his mother-in-law started to her feet in alarm, having their four months old 
baby in her arms, when he discharged the remaining barrel at them, instantly 
killing the baby and badly wounding the lady. He then went to the barn in 
the rear of the lot, and cut his throat with a razor, three times, severing both 
the jugular vein and wind pipe. 

Edward Burnside, Esq., first editor of the first paper published in Manches- 
ter, the Delaware County Union, died December 28, 1866. 

Until 1866, the village of Manchester constituted an integral portion of 
Delaware Township. 

In November, 1865, Simeon L. Doggett, Esq., drafted a petition to the 
County Court, that the village of Manchester and additions be organized into a 
town. That petition defined the boundaries of the proposed town, and possesses 
historical interest, as it preserves the names of many of the citizens interested 
in municipal affairs at that time, and the following is a copy of the document: 

State ok Iowa, Delaware County. — Petition. 
To the Cnunty Court of Deluivare. County : 

We, the undersigned petitioners, do hereby petition the Court aforesaid, that we be organized 
into an incorporated town ; that the village known as Manchester, with all the additions iliereto, 
consisting of all the tract of land as recorded in the plat called Manchester (except those lots 
now recorded as vacated), and of all the tract of land as recorded on the plat, called Burrington's 
Addition to Manchester ; also, the Iowa Land Company's Addition to Manchester ; also, the Iowa 
Land Company's Subdivision of part of the village of Manchester; also, the Railroad Addition 
to Manchester; also. Amsden's Addition to Manchester, and of all the tract of land before this 
date laid off into town lots and recorded, of any size, on any side of said Manchester, and as far 
north, south, esist or west as said lots so added to said Manchester may extend, not including any 
lots now recorded as vacated, be organized into an incorporateii town. The territory proposed 
to be embraced in such incorporated town, being the same as that delineated into lots and streets 



HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 489 

and shown forth on the map or plat to this petition annexed, being located mostly on the north 
part of Section 32, and the south part of Sectioa 29, in Delaware Township of Delaware County, 
Iowa, having for a boundary line, commencing in the middle of Prospect street at the corner of 
Lot Number 17, in Burrington's Addition to the village of Manchester, according to said map and 
the recorded plat of said addition; said lot being the lot now occupied by C. H. Carpenter and 
cornering on Franklin street (that is the West Union Road) and said Prospect street; said line 
commencing with said Prospect street at said Franklin street and running east along the middle 
of said Prospect street to Buchanan street ; thence sout h along tlie east verge of Buchanan street ; 
thence east along the north line of North street in the Iowa Land Company's Addition to said 
Manchester, according to the annexed map and the recorded plat of said last mentioned Addi- 
tion ; thence west along the middle line of the Earlville road ; thence south along the east boun- 
dary of Lots Number 171, 172, 222, 223, fronting on Reynolds street of said village; thence west 
along said Lot 223 (its south edge); thence south along a part of Wayne street in the said 
Amsden's Addition to tlie south line of the Dubuque & Sioux City Railroad ; thence west along 
said railroad (including ot L253 on the Delhi road just south of said railroad) to the Maquekota 
River, and in a southern direction along the east bank of said river to a point opposite the south- 
east corner of Lot Number 781, in said village, and across the river from said point to the corner 
mentioned last: thence west along the south edge of said lot and the contiguous Lot 782, to Lot 
Number 939 in said village; thence south along the last mentioned lot to its southeast corner ; 
thence west to the west edge of Fifth street of said village; thence north to the southeast corner 
of Lot Number 940 of said village; thence west along the south lines of said lot and of said rail- 
road, to Twelfth street of said village; thence north along Twelfth street to the Burrington and 
Coffin's Grove road, and east along said road to Ninth street of said village (including Lots Num- 
bers 482 and 505, cornering on said street and road in Manchester) ; thence along said Ninth 
street, Howard street of said village; thence along said Howard street to Lot Number 356 in 
said village; thence along the back lines of said lot and the adjoining Lots Numbers 357, 358, 359, 
335, 334, 333 to the southlvest corner of said Railroad Addition ; thence north along the west 
boundary of said Railroad Addition to the north line of the same; thence along the said north 
line or boundary; thence south along the east of said Railroad Addition to a point opposite to the 
northwest corner of Lot Number 32 in said Burrington's Addition ; thence across from said point 
to said corner and along said Lot Number 32 to the middle of said West Union Road ; thence 
along the middle of said road south to said Prospect street, the place of bpginning of this boun- 
dary, including all the territory within the boundary line herein set forth, and as shown on said 
map And your petitioners, the undersigned, declare the said map annexed to this petition is 
an accurate map of the said territory proposed to be embraced in such incorporated town. And 
we here state the name proposed for said incorporated town shall be Manchester, and we alsO' 
name as persons authorized to act in behalf of your petitioners in prosecuting said petition, B. 
H. Keller, H. M. Congar, Edson Merrill, I. P. Adams, Pardon Wells, I. U. Butler and S. W. 
Green. Your petitioners further state that they are qualified voters, residents of the territory 
to be embraced in the proposed incorporated town ; that this petition in writing is signed by not 
less than thirty of said voters; that there are more than fifty qualified voters who actually reside 
within the described limits, in this petition, and that this petition has been signed by a majority 
of the voters within said limits; that said limits have been accurately described, and an accurate 
plat or map thereof made and filed; that the name proposed for said town is proper and sufficient 
to distinguish it from others in the State. And so your petitioners pray that this, their said peti- 
tion, be granted and so will ever pray until tiiis, their petition, is granted. 

Manchester, Delaware County, State of Iowa, November 11, A. D. Eighteen Hundred and 
Sixty- Five. 

(Signed) B. H. Keller, S. L. Doggett, Edson Merrill, W. G. Kenyon. W. E Brown, F. W. 
Dunham, P. R. WaUon, James Brown. Charles Burnside, K. G. Glover, George R. Hartwell, 
George Gilbert, I. U. Butler, J. A. Osborne. J. W. Myers, F. A. Lowell, Tunis Mosier, J. M. 
Burnett, Robert Rules, J W. Kelsey, .John Otis, Vernon Burrington, H. J. Brown, E. R. Congar, 
J. F. Merry, Willis E. Foster, C. G. Tyler, E. Hamblin, Edward Burnside, Lyman L. Ayers, L. 
S. Sherwin, S. M Smart, John Crowther, 0. A. Bishop, J. C. Aldrich, W. W. Hollenbeck, Wm. 
N. Boynton, S. W. Green W. C. Cawley, John Moody, Ray B. Griffin, R. R. Walsh, John Tous- 
lee, D. R. Lewis, T. J. Saftbrd, William Tate, S. W. Stevens, E. H. Barnes, Lli Miner, Orange 
Harris, L. A. Hoe, A. Rudolph, J B. Freelove, A. M. Freelove, W. T. Adams, B. F. Skinner, J. 
W. Hastings, Seth Brown, Henry H. Hills, R. W. Tirrill, M. S. Stevens, T. Adams, A. J. Brow- 
nell, A. M. Sherwood, N. L. Whitney, E. D. Phillips, A. L. Brownell, Hiram Babcock, W. A. 
Morse, L. H. Abbey, V. Childs, W. Richmond, S. C. Bowen, A. T. Loring, W. S. Doolittle, Will- 
iam Bremner, J. W. Robbins, A. K. Johnson. J. C. Hadley, C. W. Lyman, Pardon Wells Oliver 
Cronk, J. E. Brady, M. Cotton, N. Ruggles, G. Yeoman, E. Tush, J. C. Skinner. N. C. Skinner, 
F. A. W.alton, L. Haubeunestel, Wm L, Stevens, Joseph Coats, E. P. Libby, Fred. Schelling Geo. 
Sheldon, Wm. V. ("attron, C. M. Bronson, George Brownell, Elijah Cheney, George W. Ingram, 
Silas Estey, T. Schelling, Ira P. Adams, Wm. Cattron, II. M. Congar. 

February 5, 1866, the prayer of the petitioners was granted by J. B. Boggs^ 
County Judge, and February 8th the town plat was filed for record. 



490 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 

The first election was held May 29, 1866, when the following officers were 
elected : A. R. Loomis, Mayor ; W. H. Board, Recorder ; C. H. Carpenter, 
Nixson Denton, Charles Paxson, Joel Bailey, John U. Schelling, Trustees. 
The Board organized June 11th following, when W. H. Board was appointed 
Town Treasurer, and the following first order was passed : 

On motion of Mr. Bailey : The Treasiu-er is to receive as fees two per cent, of all moneys 
received and paid out by hira. 

June 12, the Board created the office of Marshal, and, on the same date, 
ordinance No. 1 v/as passed, being " An Ordinance for the protection of the 
Public Peace in the Corporation," which prohibited racing or driving any horse, 
mule or team immoderately on any street or alley ; the unnecessary discharge 
of any fire-arms within the town limits ; indecent or immodest exposure of the 
person in any street or other public place, or in the pond or river ; gambling or 
disorderly conduct in any public house, and the indecent exhibition of any stud- 
horse or jack within the limits of the town. 

On the 30th of June, Anson Shelden was appointed Marshal. August 20th, 
the Town Council ordained that it should be illegal to keep for public use any 
billiard table, nine or ten-pin alley, bagatelle board or table, or shooting gallery 
within the corporate limits of the town, without first obtaining a license there- 
for from the Town Council. 

For 1867, Mayor, A. R. Loomis ; Recorder and Treasurer, W. H. Board ; 
Marshal, Anson Shelden ; Trustees, N. Denton, C. Paxson, Joel Bailey, C. H. 
Carpenter, J. Acers. September 14th, Mr. Acers was authorized " to build a 
calaboose, to let the contract and draw on the Treasurer for the requisite funds." 
At this meeting, the question of issuing bonds for building the bridge across the 
Maquoketa River was discussed. September 16th, Mr. Denton resigned, that 
the people might have an opportunity to express their will in relation to bridge 
bonds, and at a special election, September 30th, Nixon Denton was re-elected 
Trustee to fill the vacancy occasioned by previous resignation, and Charles 0. 
Torry was elected Assessor. February 13, 1867, the bridge at Manchester was 
again swept away. 

For 1868, Mayor, William Cattron ; Recorder and Treasurer, John Brem- 
ner ; Assessor, Joel Bailey ; Marshal, S. Malone ; Trustees, E. N. Tomlinson, 
B. H. Keller, E. R. Congar, A. F. Townsend and L. A. Loomis. March 20th, 
S. Malone was appointed Street Commissioner. Mayor Cattron, S. Malone and 
Tomlinson were appointed a committee on temporary bridge or crossing across 
the Maquoketa River. The Board of Supervisors of Delaware County, having 
made an appropriation sufficient to meet three-fifths of the expenses to be 
incurred in building a bridge at Manchester, and appointed Charles Paxson, 
Joel Bailey and II. M. Congar Building Commissioners for said bridge, with 
power to contract on part of the county for said iron bridge, not to exceed the 
sum of ^5,000. The Town Council, on the 20th of March, accepted the propo- 
sition, and voted to proceed to the erection of a permanent bridge across the 
Maquoketa River,' and appointed Messrs. Paxson, Bailey and Congar Bridge 
Commissioners on the part of the town. On March 28th, Messrs. Cattron, 
Tomlinson and Townsend were appointed a committee to consult with the Bridge 
Commissioners, with instructions to report plans and means of raising funds for 
building said bridge. This committee reported, April 9th, that they had obtained 
individual pledges to take bonds of the town payable in 1870-71-72, and rec- 
ommended for approval the plans for a bridge drawn by J. E. Ainsworth, for 
a Howe truss bridge one hundred and fifty feet span. Accepted. April 14th, 
the Town Council appropriated $5,000 for the construction of the bridge at the 




^^^/L^^i/c^^ ^n^J^^c'--^ 




MANCHESTER 



HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY 493 

point located by the County Commissioners, and authorized the issue of the 
bonds of the town for the purpose of raising that sum. 

For 1869, Mayor, Simeon L. Doggett ; Recorder, H. A. Dyer ; Trustees, 
L. A. Loomis, Hiram Hoyt, N. Ruggles, M. Cotton, Ira P. Adams. May 18th, 
the Town Council passed " An Ordinance to guard against fires." 

For 1870, Mayor, S. L. Doggett ; Recorder, H. A. Dyer ; Trustees, H. 
M. Congar, L. A. Loomis, N. Ruggles, S. G. Van Anda, J. S. Belknap. May 
17th, the Street Commissioners, after making an examination of the bridge and 
water ways on Main street, recommended to the Council there be a new bridge 
built of sixty feet span, sixty feet east of the old bridge, and that there be a new 
channel opened accordingly ; that the old channel be filled and the banks 
properly secured. 

For 1871, Mayor, S. L. Doggett ; Treasurer and Recorder; Trustees, J. S. 
Belknap, A. R. Loomis, J. D. Kennedy, C. 0. Torry, G. R. Buckley. 

For 1872, Mayor, S. L. Doggett ; Treasurer and Recorder, John F. Merry ; 
Trustees, J. D. Kennedy, J. S. Belknap, Egbert Hoag, B. H. Keller, Chas. 
Burnside. 

For 1873, Mayor, Joel Bailey ; Recorder, John F. Merry ; Treasurer, W. 
E. Brown ; Trustees, E. Hoag, J. F. McKay, J. S. Belknap, Charles Paxson, 
Chas. Burnside. 

For 1874, Mayor, Joel Bailey ; Recorder. W. E. Brown ; Treasurer, D. F. 
Riddell; Trustees, Charles Paxson, Charles Burnside, J. F. McKay, Egbert 
Hoag, J. D. Kennedy. 

THE TOWN HALL. 

January 22, the following ordinance, providing for the erection of a town 
hall, was passed : 

Whereas, N. Denton, A. R. Loomis and L. A. Loomis did, on the 25tb day of July, 1873, 
submit a proposition in writing to the Town Council proposing to build immediately three con- 
tiguous stores on Lots No. 146 and 197, in Manchester, Iowa, such stores to be two stories high 
and the three to be sixty-six by seventy, and btfering to give the town the right to build a public 
hall thereon, which shall be under the exclusive control of the town during the life of the build- 
ing; the town to have the right in common of the use of a stairway six feet wide, of ingress 
and egress, at all times, from Franklin street into and out of the hall ; the walls of said build- 
ing to be sufficiently thick and Strang to justify the erection of such a hall ; and N. Denton 
agreeing to bind himself that no building shall be erected on the south side of said hall within 
twenty feet, so as to interfere with or obstruct the windows on the south side of said hall ; 
which prop >sition was, by a majority vote of the Council, accepted ; and 

Wherea.1, Said A. R. Loomis and N. Denton did, on said 22d day of July, 1873, submit to 
the Council a proposition in writing offering to enter into a contract with the town of Manches- 
ter to furnish all the material and erect a hall on the site proposed, viz. : The second story of 
the three stores to be erected on Lots 146 and 197, aforesaid ; said hall to be sixty-sis feet wide 
by seventy feet deep on the outside, twenty feet high between floor and ceiling, lighted with tea 
windows, tin roof, which shall be self-supporting ; no columns to be used, or any obstruction 
to obstruct the hill; the plan and elevation to be submitted to and approved by the Council 
before signing the contract, for the sum of six thousand dollars, payable when said hall is com- 
pleted, in town bonds due ten years after the completion of said hall, with ten per cent, 
interest, payable semi-annually ; and 

WHERE.A.S, Said Council did, on said 2'2d day of July, 1873, by a majority, pass the follow- 
ing resolution, to wit : 

Resolved, Thai the plan and specification for the Town Hall furnished by Herr & Kescher 
be approved and adopted, subject to such alterations as may be deemed expedient before enter- 
ing into a contract for erecting the same, and that the Mayor be authorized to accept the 
proposition of A. R. Loomis and N. Denton to construct the said hall f )r six thousand dollars, 
payable in ten-year bonds drawing interest at the rate of ten per cent, per annum, interest pay- 
able semi-annually, provided he cannot do better within twenty days ; and 

Whereas, Said Mayor was unable to let said contract on better terms than those proposed 
by said Loomis and Denton within the time ab ive specified, and did. on the 14th day of August, 
1873, let the same to said Loomis and Denton on the terms aforesaid ; and 



494 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 

Whereas, On the 7th day of November, 1873, the following changes in the specificationf?- 
attached to !?aid contract were authorized by a vote of the Council, to wit : " The roof of said 
hall to be ceiled instead of plastered, and the corners of the ceiling to be arched ; and 

Whereas, On the 22d day of January, 1874, the time for the completion of said hall was 
extended to the 1st day of June, 1874 ; and 

Whebeas, Said Town Hall is now nearly completed ; therefore ordered, etc. 

The ordinance following this lengthy preamble, which stated all the facts, 
provided for the approval and iSling of the contract and specifications ; the issu- 
ing of ten bonds of five hundred dollars ($500) each, payable in ten years, 
bearing ten per cent, interest, the remaining one thousand dollars to be paid in 
like manner on the completion of the hall. The town reserved the right of 
paying the bonds at any time, and so save the interest thereon. The hall was 
commenced in the Summer of 1873, and finished in the latter part of May, 
1874. 

For 1875, Mayor, J. D. Kennedy ; Recorder, W. E. Brown ; Treasurer^ 
D. F. Riddell ; Trustees, Charles Burnside, J. F. McKay, N. Denton, A. H. 
Davis, Z. L. Atkinson. 

December 8th, " An ordinance relating to the fire department " was passed, 
and a department organized, consisting of a Chief Engineer and Assistant Chief 
Engineer. 

December 20th, the Mayor was authorized to purchase of the Silsby Manu- 
facturing Company, of Seneca Falls, New York, one of Silsby's second size 
rotary steam fire engines and its pertaining apparatus, the same to be paid for 
in bonds of the town. 

For 1876, Mayor, S. L. Doggett ; Recorder, W. E. Brown ; Treasurer, 
W. B. Jones (resigned, and succeeded by J. S. Belknap) ; Trustees, J. F. McKay, 
J. D. Kennedy, A. H. Davis, Z. S. Atkinson, J. W. Ford. 

For 1877, Mayor, Cummings Sanborn; Recorder, W. E. Brown; Treas- 
urer, R. W. Tirrill ; Trustees, Joel Bailey, Anson Shelden, Z. S. Atkinson, J. 
W. Ford, W. N. Boynton. 

For 1878, Mayor, Cummings Sanborn ; Recorder, W. E. Brown ; Treasurer, 
J. S. Belknap ; Trustees, Hiram Hoyt, Charles Paxson, N. J. Wolcott, Calvin 
Yoran, J. F. McKay. 

In 1875, the Clarence House was rebuilt, a han-dsome brick block, three 
stories high, taking the place of the old frame structure, at a cost of over $20,- 
000. In connection with this event is to be mentioned the remarkable fact that 
the new house was erected on the site of the old one, which was torn down, 
without missing a single meal and without turning away a single guest. The 
enterprising proprietors accomplished a feat that probably had never been done 
before — that of commencing at the top of a three-story brick house and build- 
ing downward tO terra firma. It was done as follows : The walls of the new 
house were erected around the old building and the roof put on before the old 
building was touched. Then the roof of the old was taken off, and the third 
story of the new finished and furnished. Meanwhile, the guests of the 
" Clarence" were awakened every morning by the music of the saw and ham- 
mer, made by the workmen engaged in building a house above them. When 
the third story of the new house was done, the second story of the old was 
removed, and proprietors and guests occupied the first story of the latter and 
the third story of the former, while the second story of the new was finished 
and furnished. Then the remainder of the old house was taken out, and the 
first floor of the new put in. This is the first and only instance of the kind 
known, in this part of the civilized world, at least. 



HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 495 

About December 1, 1875, James J. Bain, who had been in the dry goods 
business since May, left for Chicago, ostensibly to buy goods. His wife started 
two weeks before, and his brother, who was left in charge, was called to Daven- 
port, suddenly, on his own business. Not one has returned yet ; and the cred- 
itors, who came forward to look up their claims, all believe they have forgotten 
the name of the town, for in no other way can their absence be accounted for. 
The brothers left no local debts, even settling their saloon bills in full. 

THE PEARLS OF THE MAQUOKETA. 

In the Spring of 1876, a pearl was discovered in the Maquoketa River, 
about twelve miles north of Manchester, which came into the possession of W. 
N. Boynton, jeweler, of Manchester. He sent it to Mr. Bornemann, of New 
York, to be set. The ring, on its return, was sold to Mr. N. Denton, and is 
very beautiful, the pearl equaling in brilliancy and beauty of tint the unrivaled 
pearls of India. 

Mr. Boynton has since found several very pretty pearls in the river, is very 
confident that there are "more where those came from," and intends to make a 
more thorough investigation during the present season. 

FIRE DEPARTMENT. 

Rescue Hook and Ladder Company, No. i, was first organized June 23, 
1873, by a meeting of young men, at Burnside's Hall. J. A. Wheeler was 
elected Foreman ; M. J. Carroll, First Assistant Foreman ; J, S.. Edwards, 
Second Assistant Foreman ; H. M. Ruggles, Secretary , F. E. Barr, Treas- 
urer. The present officers are : B. W. Jewell, Foreman ; R. M. Congar, First 
Assistant Foreman ; W. F. Merrill, Second Assistant Foreman ; F. B. Gregg, 
Secretary ; F. J. Atwater, Treasurer. 

Vrotection Engine Company, No. 1. — The call to organize this company 
was dated Manchester, July 3, 1873, and was signed by thirty-one citizens. 
Agreeable to said call, a meeting was held in what has since been known as 
Firemen's Hall, July 8, 1873, and the following officers elected: L. Odell, Fore- 
man ; M. Cotton, First Assistant Foreman ; L. S. Sherwin, Second Assistant 
Foreman ; W. N. Boynton, Secretary ; W. E, Brown, Treasurer. The name, 
as given above, was adopted at a meeting held on the 23d of the same month. 
This company was formed originally to operate the chemical engine. 

The present officers are : Henry Percival, Foreman ; J. B. Freelove, First 
Assistant Foreman ; George Steadman, Second Assistant Foreman ; D. R. 
Lewis, Engineer; D. H. Finch, First Assistant Engineer; M. Whitman, Sec- 
ond Assistant Engineer "; D. H. Finch, Secretary ; W. T. Adams, Treasurer. 

In the Summer of the following year, the two companies invited the fire depart- 
ment of Independence to visit them. The invitation was accepted, and nearly 
the whole population, includ'ng the ladies, came forward to assist the boys in 
their manifestations of hospitality. The visit was thoroughly enjoyed by guests 
and hosts. 

July 4, 1875, the visit was returned by the Manchester boys, who were 
most hospitably entertained by their friends at Independence. 

In December, 1875, the city authorities having purchased a Silsby fire 
engine, it was given into the care of Protection Company, which was recruited 
up to about eighty members. 

N. Denton Steamer Company, No. 1. — Protection Engine Company having 
become so large as to be unwieldy, it was decided. May 5, 1876, to allow so 
many as wished it to withdraw and form themselves into a new company, to be 



496 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 

known as the '-N. Denton Steamer Company, No. 1." Accordingly, thirty- 
ei<yht requested their names dropped from the old rolls; and on the 10th of 
May, 1876, that number met and eifected an organization, electing the following 
officers : A. 0. Moore, Foreman ; Lemuel Allen, First Assistant Foreman ; 
Irvine Harris, Second Assistant Foreman; M. Cotton, Engineer; Thomas 
Grice? First Assistant Engineer ; T. S. Jones, Second Assistant Engineer ; A. 
C. Carter, Foreman Hose ; Frank Davis, E. J. Doolittle, Stokers ; H. S. Lil- 
lagar. Secretary ; Frank Davis, Treasurer. 

The officers for 1878 are: A. 0. Moore, Foreman; Lemuel Allen, First 
Assistant Foreman ; A. C. Carter, Foreman Hose ; M. Cotton, Engineer ; T. 
Grice, First Assistant Engineer; Edward Chaple, Secretary; Clytus Otes, 
Treasurer. 

Just before the steamer arrived in Manchester, N. Denton donated a lot, at 
the foot of Main street, and the town erected thereon a substantial engine house, 
from which a water-way is extended to the river, to supply the engines. 

Amply equipped, as the companies are, and thoroughly drilled, as well, their 
services have rarely been required. The fires in Manchester have been few and 
comparatively unimportant. The short list embraces the dwellings of W. H. 
Tuthill, on Main street, in 1868 ; N. Denton's barn, in 1874 ; H. Whitman's 
building, and F. Glisendorfs shed, 1876 ; Barr Brothers' livery barn, and N. 
L. Bates' blacksmith shop, 1877. Several other fires have smarted, but the 
damage was small. 

MILITARY. 

Company C, 4.th Recft., I. N. Gr. — Manchester is represented in the Iowa 
National Guards by C Company, which was organized on the 16th day of 
March, 1877, at a meeting held in the office of E. M. Carr. The officers elected 
are as follows : Captain, E. M. Carr ; First Lieutenant, John W. Ford ; Sec- 
ond Lieutenant, Harry S. Lillagar ; First Sergeant, Henry Percival ; Second 
Sergeant, John C. Scott ; Third Sergeant, Cornelius Scott ; Fourth Sergeant, 
C. S. King; First Corporal, B. Wood Jewell; Second Corporal, P. H. Snyder; 
Third Corporal, D. H. Finch ; Fourth Corporal, M. H. Kinney. Privates — 
Ross Howland, Lemuel x\llen, Frank E. Barr, James T. Barr, Frank Burring- 
ton, R. M. Congar, Albert H. Cottle, John A. Clough, M. L. Gates, Frank 
Davis, E. J. Doolittle, George Ford, Henry W. Green, h-vin N. Harris, Joseph 
Hutchinson, George Harris, Dennis McErlain, John Mulvelhill, Fred. New- 
comb, P. H. Ryan, Albert Steller, A. P. Turner, John Towslee, Levi Work, 
Miles Wilson, Pat. McEnany, John Steele, Henry Wellman, Alfred Gately, 
Thomas Robertson, Dan. Ward, Hank Pentney, Warren Finch, Dennis 
Callahan, George Acers, W. A. Roe, Daniel Rearden. This company did 
guard duty during the great railroad strike in the Summer of 1877, and are now 
(1878) in a flourishing condition. 

EDUCATIONAL. 

As a large portion of the early settlers of Manchester had removed from 
older Eastern settlements, they keenly felt the loss of school and church privi- 
leges to which they had been accustomed, and among the first things to be done 
was the erection of a school house. Accordingly, in the Fall of 1855, the 
citizens raised a fund by subscription and contracted with Marshall Hancock to 
build a school house. The contractor, however, failed to fulfill his contract. 

May 20, 1856, at a school meeting, the citizens of the town voted to build 
a scliool house by taxation. Mr. Dyer, who was lai'gely interested in any taxes 



HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 497 

that might be levied, proposed that, if they would rescind that vote and build 
by subscription, he would give $200. The vote was accordingly rescinded. 
The house was built during the Summer by W. J. Doolittle, contractor. The 
house was located on Butler street, between Wayne and Bremer streets, on the 
site where the present brick school house stands. For ten years, the little brown 
school house was used for school, religious and political purposes by the people 
of Manchester. While it was in process of erection. Miss Eliza Sellens taught 
school in an unfinished building owned by A. R. Loomis, near the corner of 
Fayette and Tama streets, and the following Winter (1856-7) the first school 
was taught in the new school house by John Quincy Burrington. 

In 1862, the question of building a new school house began to be agitated, 
and March 9, 1863, the electors of Manchester City School District took into 
consideration the propriety of raising a tax for building a school house, and 
recommended that a tax be levied of five mills on the dollar, the same to be 
decided by ballot ; and, in case the tax should be ordered, the Board were 
instructed to borrow not to exceed $3,000. In April, 1864, the Board of 
Directors voted to proceed to select a suitable site for a school house in accord- 
ance with the vote of the electors of the district, and, on the 23d, the Board 
voted to purchase " the three or four lots known as the circus ground " for a 
school house site. The vote was rescinded, and William Cattron and A. T. 
Loring were appointed to " examine and ascertain what places may be had, and 
at what price, for a site for a school house." May 24, the committee reported 
that " six lots in the block where the old school house is located could be bought 
for $1,200, viz., five owned by Mr. Ruggles, for $800, and one owned by Mr. 
McLaughlin for $400," whereupon Mr. Cattron and Joel Bailey were appointed 
to confer with Mr. Ruggles in "relation to his pay, and, also, to ascertain the 
present resources of the district." May 31, the Board directed the President 
to " sell the lot recently purchased for not less than $200." (The records do not 
indicate the purchase of this lot.) 

November 28, 1864, A. T. Loring and J. Bailey, a committee to procure 
suitable rooms for school purposes, reported that they had secured the basement 
of the Methodist Church for one year for $200. 

January 30, 1865, a committee was appointed to "procure a sufficient 
amount of rock for to make seventy-five cord, with what has already been con- 
tracted for." February 3, it was ordered that the Board proceed to erect the 
walls and enclose a building for school purposes principally after the plan pre- 
sented by Mr. Dunham. February 20, Wm. Cattron, C. Paxson and J. 
Bailey were appointed a committee to purchase Lots 10, 13, 268, 269 and 270 
of Mr. Ruggles, at a price not to exceed $950, and on the 30th, the committee 
reported the purchase of the lots for $900. 

March 6, 1866, C. Paxson, A. T. Loring and E. R. Congar were appointed 
to "make a rough estimate for a new school house to present to the electors on 
the second Monday," which was probably done. 

At a meeting of the electors of the district, March 12, 1866, the proposition 
to raise $10,000 for school house purposes was carried by a vote of 168 to 3. 
At a meeting of the Board, March 26, II. M. Congar, Charles Paxson and 
A. T. Loring were appointed a committee to obtain and submit a plan for the 
new school house. This committee reported, April 6, that the building should 
be built of brick, and three stories high. 

May 29th, plans and specifications drawn by William Carroll, of Daven- 
port, were submitted and accepted, for which $100 were paid, and- Messrs. H. 
M. Congar, A. F. Townsend and Charles Paxson were appointed a Building 



498 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 

Committee. N. Ruggles was employed as Superintendent. On the 20th of 
July, 1866, work was commenced, and before Winter the foundations were laid 
and the walls erected. Work on the interior progressed during the Winter. 
The building was completed in August, 1867, at a total cost of $1^3,483.31, and 
will accommodate 400 pupils. The building was dedicated on Friday after- 
noon, August 30, by music by the Manchester Glee Club, prayer by Rev. A, 
K. Johnson, after which the Secretary of the Board made his report, from 
which it appears that the mason work was done by Thomas Lloyd, of Dubuque; 
the carpenter and joiner work by Hadley & Kenyon, and the painting by Will- 
iam Tate. After this report, A. S. Blair, Esq., delivered a sliort address, fol- 
lowed by the presentation of the keys of the building to Prof. Jonathan Piper, 
who had been elected Principal of the school. 

On Monday, September 2, the first term of school was opened in the new 
school house, in charge of Prof Piper, Principal ; R. Kissick, Assistant Princi- 
pal ; Lou A. Borton, Elma R. Annis, Miss Stancliffe, Miss Clark and M. A. 
Loorais. 

June 19, 1868, in answer to a resolution of the Board requesting such 
teachers as wished to be retained to make application accordingly, the following 
note was read : 

To thf Honorable Secre.lari/ of the School Board, Manchester Ind. District : 

Sir — Yours of the .3d, communicating the direction of the School Board, at hand. In 
reply, permit me to say that I am not in the habit of applying for a situation to teach. Parties 
desiring ray services have already applied to me. Others desiring my services must do the 
same. The running after a chance to teach school is always commendable in those who have 
nothing else to do. Respectfully, J. PIPER. 

Notes of similar purport were received from all the other teachers, but their 
bluntness did not impair their prospects, for they were nearly all retained. 

In 1875, the town had outgrown its school house, and it was necessary to 
provide additional rooms. Accordingly, July 31, the Board awarded the con- 
tract for the construction of a frame school house, located a little north of the 
brick house, on the same block, at contract price of $1,150, The town has 
become too large for a single school, and the erection of the new school house 
in 1875 was the commencement of a system of ward schools. 

• August 19, 1875, the citizens on the west side of the river petitioned the 
Board to build another school house in that part of town. The Board decided 
to disallow the petition, one reason being, in order to maintain the grades 
already established, that it would be necessary to send pupils from the East 
Side, who would have to cross the bridge in all kinds of weather, unaccom- 
panied by older children, which reason would not apply to those coming from 
the west. 

The School Board for the year 1878, is as follows: J. D. Kennedy, Presi- 
dent ; W. H. Seeds, Treasurer ; R. W. Tirrill, Secretary ; Hiram Hoyt, C. 
Yoran, C. E. Bronson, R. B. Griffin and C. Noran. The' teachers selected for 
the school year 1878-9 are C. D. Clark, Principal ; Adelbert Selders, Assist 
ant ; Alice Barney, Alice Shimmin, Flora Madison, Kate Shimmin, Minnie 
Rami, Hattie Chamberlain. 

KINDERtJARTEN, 

The Kindergarten School is situated on Howard street, near Wayne, and 
was established about May 1st of the present year. This is the enterprise of 
Mrs. Elma R. Congar, who had the buihling erected in April. The school was 
ojxMiod with about twenty little pupils. The room is attractively furnished, 
ami the floor carpeted. 



HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 499 



MANCHESTER SELECT HIGH SCHOOL. 



This school was established by Mrs. Mary W. Doggett, in Manchester, Iowa, 
on the 3d day of November, A. D. 1858, and continuously existed for seven 
years, in Carpenter's brick building and in Hulbert's Hall. 

During the time, the English branches and instruction on the piano were 
taught by the above named lady, as Preceptress ; and she was assisted part of 
the time by Prof. Artzman, as a teacher of music. 

Mr. Artzman was a political exile from Germany. He was a man of won- 
derful skill on the piano, having devoted eleven years of study to music, in the 
most celebrated musical conservatories of Europe. 

The Preceptress was also for a part of the time assisted by Miss Gertrude G. 
Doggett, a lady of rare native grace and of brilliant accomplishment ; now the 
wife of B. F. Norris, of Chicago and with her family now enjoying a trip 
through Europe. The assistant, Gertrude, was also the Preceptress of the 
school for a year. 

The classical department was conducted throughout the existence of the 
school by S. L. Doggett, and the following languages were continuously taught, 
viz.: French, German, Latin and Greek. This department was quite success- 
ful and prominent. 

Miss Libbie Merrill, student in French here, afterward while attending 
Bradford Seminary, Mass., was praised by the Modern Language Professor of 
the institution for her proficiency in French and her correct pronunciation 
therein, " that she must have been taught by a Frenchman." 

L. L. Ayres made a good Latin scholar at this school. Also might be men- 
tioned John M. Crocker, student in Greek, now a minister in Kansas, and one 
of the most scholarly men in that State. 

Miss Lovell, student in Latin, now adorns Dubuque society as the wife of 
a prominent and wealthy lawyer. 

A course of lectures was also a distinguishing part of the plan of this school. 
Several courses on " Literature " were delivered by the Preceptor, S. L. Dog- 

'A course of lectures on "Mental Philosophy" was delivered during two 
terms by Rev. L. B. Fifield, now of the State Superintendency of Nebraska. 

And a course on " Physiology," by Dr. Wm. H. Morse, afterward a volun- 
teer Captain and patriot. 

Also, lectures on " Hygiene," by Dr. S. W. Green, of Manchester, Iowa. 

Throughout the duration of the school, a debating society, with a musical 
department and with attendant festivals and exhibitions, was very prosperously 
maintained by the students. Some of the discussions lasted two evenings and 
were listened to by many of the citizens and participated in by professional men 
of the town. The exhibitions were marked for the beauty displayed in their 
decorations and for their histrionic effect, and attracted attendance from the 
remotest part of the county. The festivals of the school were noted social 
events of the town. 

On these occasions, toasts were responded to by distinguished men. In 
responding to one of these toasts, in 1863, on "Literary Culture," the Rev. B. 
M. Amsden said, " And 1 here confidently can say that the Manchester Select 
High School, since it commenced, has advanced the cause of education fifty per 
cent, in Delaware County." 

For seven years, Delaware County was under special obligations to Man- 
chester Select High School for a supply of teachers for the public schools ; and 



500 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 

the Union owes a debt to the seventeen young men from this school, volunteers 
for their country, faithful throughout the war; some of them still alive and now 
honored : other's of them sacrificed on Southern battle fields and now wept by 
those who loved them well. 

Many of the scholars attended two and some three years continuously, and 
if, on final examination, a scholar deserved commendation, he or she received a 
diploma. 

The highest number attending the school at any one time was 105 and now 
(1878) most of them are well known as intimately connected with the intelli- 
gence, the society, prosperity and business of Delaware County. 

This school closed in the Fall of 1864, not for want of patronage, but because 
the teachers were at last tired out with its labors, and not very well satisfied with 
the remuneration obtained and for want of a suitable building in Manchester. 

Manchester never fully realized her day of grace in the matter of high 
instruction, and the genius of education settled upon the more liberal and dis- 
cerning town of Hopkinton. 

RELIGIOUS. 

The first regular religious ministrations in Burrington, now Manchester, 
were commenced in the Summer of 1855, by Rev. A. Graves, then the Pastor 
of the Congregational Church at Yankee Settlement, who preached on alternate 
Sabbaths at 11:15 A. M., in the Acers School House at Delaware Center, and 
same days preached at Burrington. At that time, there were fifteen buildings 
in the town. The services were conducted in an unfinished dwelling then owned 
and occupied by S. R. Grow, on the north side of Fayette street, between Tama 
and Bremer, a little west of the present site of the Nix House. In May, 1856^ 
Rev. L. B. Fifield commenced to labor in the Gospel vineyard at this place. 

The Congregational Church. — June 29, 1856, a meeting preliminary to a 
church organization was held in an unfinished and unoccupied building that 
then stood on the north side of Fayette street, east of Wayne, and the church 
was duly organized, August 3, 1856 ; the sermon by Rev. A. Graves, conclud- 
ing prayer by H. N. Gates. The original members were Rev. L. B. Fifield^ 
Emily J. Fifield, Peter Richardson, Lucinda C. Richardson, Sanford R. Grow, 
Susan Grow, George Hartwell and Julia A, Hartwell. 

For eight years, services were held in private houses, in the old brown school 
house, which stood on the site of the present brick school building, and in Hul- 
burt's Hall. 

At a meeting held in Burrington Hall it was voted to proceed to build a 
house of worship. A Building Committee, consisting of Rev. A. T. Loring, 
S. R. Grow and S. T. Wheeler, were appointed. On the 7th of September, 
1H64, the present church edifice was formally dedicated. Rev. 0. W. Merrill 
preached tlie dedicatory sermon. Rev. Mr. Hew de Bourck offered the dedicatory 
prayer. 

The cost of the building was about $:>,500, the American Congregational 
Unif»n contributing $800. Improvements from time to time have been made to 
the building. A new Meneely bell, at an expense of |515, was put up in 1873. 

The ministers who have served from the organization of the church to the 
present (1878) time are Revs. L. B. Fifield, August 3, 1856, to June, 1860; 
A. T. Loring, from July, 1860, to July 20, 1866; Daniel Russell, from October 
1, 1866, to April ], 1867; A. A. Baker, from October 30, 1867, to October 1, 
186{» ; E. R. Stiles, who commenced preaching December 19, 1869, was in- 
stalled November 8, 1870, by Rev. J. S. Bingham, D. D. 



HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 501 

Deacons : George Hartwell, from September 18, 1856, to October 28, 1857 ; 
B. H. Keller, from September 17, 1856, to January 6, 1858 ; Peter Richard- 
Bon, from January 6, 1858, to May, 1871 ; Wm. Bremner, from January 2, 
1861, to the present time; F. W. Dunham, from March 21, 1866, to July 3, 
1867 ; H. L. Servoss and B. H. Keller, from May, 1870, to 1873. Present 
(1878) membership 150. 

Present church officers: Trustees, W. H. Goodell, H. A. Granger and 
Frank Atwater; Clerk, H. M. Ruggles; Deacons, Wm. Bremner, Wm. Good- 
ell and C. Sanborn. 

A weekly prayer meeting has been kept up since the organization of the 
church. 

Since the Fall of 1864, a Sunday school has been sustained by the church ; 
previous to that, it had for several years helped to form the Union Sunday school 
which met in the public school house. Wm. Bremner, B. H. Keller, H. L, 
Servoss, Jonathan Piper, Luke Harvey, H. W. Rule have been its Superin- 
tendents. Sunday school officers for 1878 are H. W. Rule, Superintendent; 
R. M. Marvin, Assistant Superintendent; George A. Day, Chorister; Eva L. 
Day, Organist; F. B. Gregg, Secretary and Treasurer. 

Ladies Aid Society. — Previous to August 16, 1861, the ladies of this denom- 
ination co-operated with the Union Benevolent Society ; since then, they have 
formed an independent association, having the same object in view. Socially 
and financially their efforts have met with the greatest success. 

Baptist Church (regular), organized October 26, 1855, with six members, 
viz., Edson and Elizabeth Merrill, Ozias P. and Almedia Reeves, John L. and 
Elmira Baldwin. 

The first meetings were held in an unfinished house belonging to John L. 
Reeves. July 1, 1859, the church decided to incorporate according to the Iowa 
State laws, and on the 12th of July, 1859, the articles of incorporation were 
filed with the County Recorder, J. Bailey, by Ozias P. Reeves, then Church 
Clerk. The Pastor at that time was J. Y. Aitchison, and the congregation, 
consisting of about thirty-one members, used the old brown school house, which 
stood on the site of the present public school building, as a place of worship. 
In 1861, in connection with two other denominations, Hulbert Hall, located on 
the west side of Franklin sti-eet, between Main and Fayette streets, was rented, 
remaining until 1863, when they returned to the school house, where they wor- 
shiped but for a short time, when — the town having sold the building — they 
were again compelled to move. This time, in consideration of a yearly rental 
of $200, the exclusive use of Thorp's Hall, located on the northeast corner of 
Main and Franklin streets, was secured. August 5, 1871, the Church, in 
special session, resolved to commence the erection of a house of worship. John 
Stewart, A. L. Baldwin and N. L. Whitney were appointed a Building Com- 
mittee. At the next regular covenant meeting, the resolution was concurred in 
by the Church as a body, and two more, Edson Merrill and William Mcintosh, 
added to the Building Committee. A site, costing $300, was selected on the 
northeast corner of Butler and Madison streets. The building, completed in 
May, 1872, was dedicated to the service of God the first Sabbath in June, same 
year, by Rev. N. F. Ravlin. 

The membership at present (1878) is about 74. The Pastor in charge, who 
came in 1876, is Rev. Lucius M. Whiting. 

Woman's Mission Circle, of the First Baptist Church, organized February 
10, 1875, with eleven members. The following were the first body of officers, 
elected for the next ensuing year : Mrs. Sarah F. Stewart, President : Mrs. 



502 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 

W. H. Irvine, Vice President ; Miss Mattie Mcintosh, Secretary ; Miss Nettie 
Fuller, Treasurer; Mrs. George Webber, Mrs. Harris, Mrs. Fuller, Mrs. Quack- 
enbush. Solicitors. Officers for 1878 : Mrs. Sarah F. Stewart, President ; 
Mrs. A. T. AVhiting, Vice President: Mrs. Julia E. Brownell, Secretary and 
Treasurer : Miss Laura Pacer, Miss Leathermar. 

Meetings are held the second Sabbath of each month in the First Baptist 
Church ; monthly tea sociables are given by invitations at the houses of mem- 
bers. 

This society is auxiliary to the Woman's Mission Association of the West, 
whose object is th(^ procurement of money for the support of lady foreign mis- 
sionaries. The amount of funds raised the first year of organization was $20.10, 
and for 1878, $24.50. This society is included in the district of Dubuque, 
of which Mrs. Sarah F. Stewart is the Secretary and resident Correspondent. 
Ladies' Aid Society, of the Manchester First Baptist Church, organized 
as a sewing circle June 3, 1859, with fifty-one members and the following offi- 
cers : Mrs. Reeves, President ; Mrs. Grow, Vice President ; Mrs. Doggett, 
Secretary and Treasurer ; Miss E. A. White, Mrs. H. Acers, Mrs. Hamlin, 
Managers ; Mrs. Baldwin, Mrs. Merrill, Mrs. Hamlin, Visiting Committee. 
Officers for 1878: Mrs. J. Mcintosh, President; Mrs. A. T. Whiting, Vice 
President ; Mrs. S. F. Stewart, Secretary and Treasurer ; Mrs. C. H. Harris, 
Mrs. George Webber, Mrs. A. Fuller, Mrs. .J. Chaple, Managers and Visiting 
Committee. 

Meetings are held at the houses of members, by invitation, once in two 
weeks. 

The Methodist Episcopal Church was organized in the Fall of 1855, Dan- 
iel K. Fox and wife being the only members. Soon after, William Acers, 
Adolphus Hardendorf and Mrs. C. C. Peers united. Rev. Mr. Alger was the 
first minister, succeeded by Rev. F. X. Miller and S. C. Churchill, on what 
was then termed Manchester Circuit ; Rev. John Webb and J. A. Van Anda, 
J. F. Hestwood and E. R. Latter. 

The subsequent Pastoi's have been : E. W. Jeffries, three years ; A. K. 
Johnson, two years ; R. Norton, one year ; L. Catlin, two years ; L. H. Car- 
hart, one year; F. M. Robertson, one year, 1872; J. R. Berry, 1873-4; F. 
X. Miller, 1875-6 ; D. Sheffer, 1877 ; R. N. Earhart, 1878. 

The church edifice was commenced under the pastorate of E. W. Jeffries, 
and completed in 1868. The building is 56x36 feet in size, with basement. 
The oversight of its construction was entrusted to Ira P. Adams and William 
Cattron. The parsonage was begun under the pastorate of A. K. Johnson, in 
1867, and enlarged in 1870. 

Daniel K. Fox was the first class leader, holding the position three years. 
Ira P. Adams has held the position continuously ever since. The present Offi- 
cial Board and members of Quarterly Conference are : R. W. Keeler, Presiding 
Elder ; R. N. Earhart, Pastor : Laymen : C. Yoran, M. F. LeRoy, O. D. 
Clark, B. N. Reynolds, W. M. Wilcox, 0. Perkins, I. L. Walters, C. W. 
Keagy, I. P. Adams, J. H. Stevens, C. 0. Torrey, W. T. Adams, Geo. Com- 
merford, J. A. Cooley, R. W. Purdy, J. C. McKee. 

The Universalist Church. — The first sermon in Manchester was delivered 
in the Summer of LS59, in the second story of a brick building, on the corner 
of Butler and Franklin streets, then known as " Burrington's Hall," by the 
Rev. Mr. Dennis, who was then living in Dubuque. Efforts were made at that 
time for continued services, but owing to the small number of resident Univer- 
salists, the efforts proved unsuccessful, and they had but occasional sermons 



HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 503 

until the Winter of 1864, when arrangements were made with the Rev. Joy 
Bishop, known in Delaware County as ''Father Bishop," to preach every alter- 
nate Sabbath. These services were continued until the Summer of 1865, in 
the Congregational Church, the last meeting of the series being held in the open 
air, directly in front of the church, because the key to the church could not be 
found. 

At this meeting, a few of the most zealous friends of the cause first origi- 
nated the idea of building a Universalist Church in Manchester, but the idea 
was not carried into execution until several years later. 

The next regular preaching was commenced in the Spring of 1868, in a 
room known as Belknap's Hall, by the Rev. Henry Jewell. A Constitution, 
consisting of seven liberal articles for the government of the society, was 
adopted at a meeting held at Belknap's Hall, June 20, 1868, to which fifty 
persons subscribed their names as members. The Rev. Henry Jewell contin- 
ued preaching every Sabbath until September 28, 1869. 

On the 30th day of March, 1869, a meeting was held at Burnsides" Hall, 
for the purpose of deciding the question in regard to building a church edifice. 
A subscription paper was started, and $3,000 pledged for that purpose ; but it 
being the" impression that a suitable edifice could not be built for less than 
15,000, H. M. Congar, E. R. Congar, Rev. Henry Jewell, Thomas Toogood, Gil- 
bert Yeoman, A. M. Sherwood, Hiram Babcock, Jacob Hoag, T. Crosby, E. J. 
Congar, R. G. Clifford, J. Gilbert and R. W. Tirrill pledged themselves to 
raise the subscription to $5,000. Messrs. N. Denton, A. M. Sherwood. G. 
Yeoman, T. Crosby and R. W. Tirrill were appointed a Building Committee. 
The society was incorporated under the laws of the State, May 4, 1869 ; Clark 
Bliss, Sr., Thomas Toogood, H. M. Congar, A. M. Sherwood, E. M. Tomlin- 
son, E. R. Congar, L. S. Bemis and E. Hoag being the corporators. 

The first officers under the incorporation were : E. M. Tomlinson, Presi- 
dent; Clark Bliss, Sr., and James P. Robertson, Vice Presidents; E. R. Con- 
gar, Treasurer ; R. W. Tirrill, Secretary. 

The present edifice was commenced May 10, 1869, and completed May 7, 
1871, at a total cost of $8,030.44. The dedicatory services were conducted by 
Rev. J. W. Hanson, of Chicago. Rev. E. R. Wood was the first regular Pas- 
tor, commencing his ministrations in September. 1871, and continuing until 
September, 1873. 

The next Pastor was Rev. W. J. Hicks, of Strawberry Point, who preached 
here every alternate Sunday for six months. For nearly three years following, 
the society remained inactive, with the exception of the Ladies' Society, through 
whose exertions the former Pastor, Rev. E. R. Wood, was induced to return and 
re-organize the church, which was done June 4, 1877. The number received 
into the church on this and the succeeding Sunday was twenty-three. The 
church officers elected were : S. W. Green, President ; R. W. Tirrill, Clerk ; 
Mary Hoag, Treasurer ; E. S. Congar, Adaline Tomlinson and Seth Brown, 
Trustees ; Seth Brown and R. W. Tirrill, Deacons. They were elected for one 
year, and are the present incumbents. The church and society are out of debt 
and in good condition. 

The Sunday School was organized 1864, with R. W. Tirrill Superintendent. 
The Ladies' Society was organized in 1867, and is somewhat noted for its broad 
liberality. 

Presbyterian Church. — Organized August 29. 1869, by Rev. Daniel Rus- 
sell, assisted by Rev. Mr. Campbell, with fourteen members, as follows : 
Henry Russell, Mrs. Mary Russell, Miss Grace Russell, W. G. Field, John M. 



504 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 

Guthrie, Mrs. E. B. Marriott D. G. Eldridge, Mrs. M. A. Eldridge, Henry 
F. Hamlin, Sanford R. Grow, Mrs. A. Grow, George Truby, Melvin Walker. 
Present membership, forty-one ; first officers elected were Elders George Truby 
and S. R. Grow, who also acted as Clerk of the Session. 

D. G. Eldridge was added to the Elders October 1, 1870, and John Guthrie 
and Henry Burnett made Deacons. 

In June, 1874, the Pastor, Daniel Russell, resigned, from that time up to 
November 1, 1874, when Rev. David Street became Pastor, conference meet- 
ings only were held. 

Mr. Street continued a Pastor until November 1, 1875, when the congre- 
gation accepted his resignation. With the exception of an occasional sermon 
preached by Rev. Alvah Day (a resident superannuated preacher), no regular 
services were held, until the present Pastor, Rev. William S. Pryse, assumed 
charge, June 16, 1877. Since then the church has almost returned to the 
prosperous condition it enjoyed at the time of Rev. D. Russell's resignation, 
when there were over seventy-five members. Those now (1878) in office are 
George Truby, William Marchant, R. M. Ewart and H. F. Hamlin, Elders ; 
William Marchant and Robert Morley, Trustees ; Royal Van Antwerp, Deacon ; 
E. P. Seeds, Secretary and Treasurer. 

The organization of this church was effected in Burnside Hall, where the 
meetings continued up to the time of building the present church edifice, work 
on which was commenced in October, 1870, and dedicated to the service of God 
in January, 1871. 

The Advent Church in Manchester was organized by Elder P. S. W. Deyo, 
of Strawberry Point, about 1862 or '63. Meetings were maintained for sev- 
eral years, when the Society began to meet at the North Manchester school 
house. Among those who have preached to this congregation are Elders Kin- 
ney, Jaynes, Mrs. Jaynes, Ridley and the present Pastor, Rev. Philip Buck. 

For about ten years, an annual meeting, continuing for a week, has been 
held in a tent on the grounds of Henry Acers, in the north part of the city. 
Here congregate annually the members of this faith from churches many miles 
around, who are hospitably entertained by the Manchester people. At these 
annual meetings the leading ministers and advocates of this peculiar faith come to 
preach to the churches, among them Elder Himes, of Boston : Elder Sheldon, 
of Michigan ; Elder Deyo and others. 

Tlie CatJtolic Church. — The first clergymen of the Catholic Church who 
held services in Manchester were Rev. Fathers P. J. Clabby and R. McGrath. 
In 1872, under Father Clabby 's pastorate, the subscription for building a 
church was begun, assisted largely by many citizens of Manchester, and work 
was commenced under Father C.'s direction and continued under Father 
McGrath, who saw its walls completed and the roof put on. Rev. Mr. McGrath 
was succeeded in 1875 by Rev. J. F. Nugent, who completed the church. The 
building is of stone, forty-four by sixty-six feet in size, and is located on the 
south side of Butler street, about a block west of Franklin. 

Father Nugent still remains the honored Pastor of the Manchester churchy 
having also charge of the church at Delhi. He is an ardent friend of and 
devotes much of his time to the cause of temperance. He is an eloquent and 
captivating speaker, and invariably draws crowded houses. The Catholic Tem- 
perance Society at Delhi was organized by him, and his example and wise coun- 
sels serve to secure and maintain entire sobriety in the churches under his 
charge. 



HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 505 



MASONIC. 



Manchester Lodge, No. 165, A., F. & A. M., met for the first time — U. D. 
— October 6, 1862. Those attending were J. M. Watson, named as W. M.; 
Thomas Tierney, S. W.; B. H. Keller, J. W.; N. Denton, C. E. Dean, E. L. 
Eaton, Ray B. Griffin, H. P. Duffy, W. C. Cawley, John Acers, Peter Case, 
C. G. Reynolds. E. A. Guilbert, G. M., made an official visit to the new 
lodo-e January 6, 1863. The receipts to May 28, 1863, ending the Masonic 
yea'r, were $204.95 ; the disbursements, $109.25. 

The Lodge was chartered June 3, 1863, and constituted by W. 0. Allen, 
proxy for G. M., June 22d. The Worshipful Masters have been : B. H. Keller, 
1863-6: W. C. Cawley, 1866-9; Seth Brown, 1869-71; B. H. Keller, 
1871-3; W. C. Cawley, 1873-7; Seth Brown, 1877-9. 

The Lodge officiated at the laying of the corner stone of the Universalist 
Church, at Greeley, June 5, 1866, in the presence of a large crowd. 

The Lodge occupied the upper story of a frame building on the northwest 
corner of Franklin and Delaware streets, until December, 1866. when it removed 
to the third story over Thorpe Bros. & Co.'s store, which was formally dedi- 
cated for Masonic uses, February 22, 1867. 

The deaths among the membership have been Capt. Alonzo Clark, at New 
Orleans, of yellow fever, December 7, 1867 ; Dr. W. A. Morse, of consumption, 
engendered while a prisoner at Andersonville, July 24, 1868 ; S. W. Stevens, 
September 2, 1868 ; E. L. Eaton, in 1869 ; Peter' Case, May, 1871, buried by 
Tyrrell Lodge, Waverly ; W. J. Graham, 1871 ; L. W. Pierce, November 19, 
1873; E. K. Howe, a pensioner of the war of 1812, aged 78 years. May 6, 
1878 ; Nixson Denton, at Denison, Texas, January 4, 1878. 

The officers for the years 1878-9 are Seth Brown, W. M.; C. C. Lewis, 
S. W.; H. P. Duffy, J. W.; W. C. Cawley, Treasurer; T. T. Carkeek, Secre- 
tary; A. L. Beardslee, S. D.; A. Wolff, J. D.; D. I. Johnston, Tyler. The 
membership is about ninety. Meets Saturday evening on or before full moon. 

Olive Branch Chapter No. 4.8, R. A. 31., was instituted March 1, 1869, 
with L. F. Robinson, H. P.; M. 0. Barnes, E. K.; A. M. Sherwood, E. S., and 
nine members. The present officers are A. L. Beardslee, H. P.; H. L. Rann, 
E. K.; Thomas Toogrod, E. S.; W. T. Adams, Treasurer; H. F. Hamlin, 
Secretary; C. C. Lewis, C. H.; L. L. Ayers. P. S.; E. S. Gaines, R. A. C; 
H. P. Duffy, G. M. 3d V.; W. B. Jones, G. M. 2d V., J. J. Hoag, G. M. 1st 
v.; N. J. Wolcott, Guard. About fifty members. Meets Wednesday evening 
on or after full moon. 

Orient Chapter, Eastern Star, chartered August 1, 1873, with B. H. Keller 
as W. P.; Mrs. D. L. Ingalls, W. M.; Mrs. Sat. Allen, W. A. M. The pres- 
ent officers are, Seth Brown, W. P.; Mrs. W. C. Cawley, W. M.; Mrs. A. 0. 
Moore, W. A. M.; Mrs. D. I. Johnson, Treasurer; Mrs. G. S. Lister, Secre- 
tary; D. I. Johnson, Sentinel. There are about fifty members. Meets Tues- 
day evening on or before full moon. 

Nazareth Commandery, U. D., was instituted October 12, 1877, with C. C. 
Bradley, E. C; B. H. Keller, Gen.; W. C. Cawley, C. G.; E. Hoag, Treas.; 
W. H. Cooley, Rec; C. C. Lewis, S. W.; Thomas Toogood, J. W.; H. F. 
Hamlin, Warder; W. B. Jones, Standard Bearer; Charles Paxson, Sword 
Bearer; J. W. Ford, Gd.; A. N. Smith, Sent. Knighted, A. L. Beardslee, 
R. W. Tirrill, E. S. Gaines, W. T. Adams, N. J. Wolcott, H. P. Duffy, J. D. 
Kennedy, D. W. Jones, W. F. Davis. The important event in the brief history 



506 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 

of this body wa;^ the official visit by G. B. Van Saun, Grand Commander, 
accompanied by seventeen members of neighboring commanderies, which occurred 
February 27. Meets first Wednesday evening of each month. 

I. 0. OF 0. F. 

Manchester Lodge 1. 0. of 0. F., instituted March 29, 1867, by M. W. 
G. M. of the State of lov^^a. Charter members, R. B. Griffin, M. A. Newcomb, 
Jacob Phillips. T. W. Robinson, W. L. Gibson, E. Hoag, E. Fales, Edmond 
Gardner, C. M. Bronson, Thomas Dodson, A. S. Blair, 0. Cronk, L. S. Sher- 
win. John Morgan, Charles Burnside, C. E. Bronson, W. N. Boynton, V. 
Childs, W. H. Greenwood. Officers elected, M. A. Newcomb, N. G.; Jagob 
Phillips, V. G.; W. L. Gibson, R. S.; T. W. Robinson, P. S.; E. Fales, 
Treas. Appointed officers, C N. Bronson, R. S.; 0. Cronk, L. S. to N. G.; 
W. N. Boynton, R. S.; T. Dodson, L. S. to V. G.; L. S. Sherwin, I. G.; A. 
S. Blair, R. S. S.; Charles E. Bronson, L. S. S. 

The different Noble Grands that have served since organization, J. Phillips, 

C. M. Bronson, 0. Cronk, C. E. Bronson, W. N. Boynton, R. W. Tirrill, M. 
Cotton, V. Childs, J. T. Abbott, D. R. Lewis, A. B. Terrill, A. 0. Moore, M. 
Cotton, J. Phillips, J. M. Pearse, J. L. Bloss, J. M. Pearse, A. 0. Moore, J. 
W. Kennedy, S. B. Shilling, H. R. Holmes. 

Officers for 1878 are G. 0. Vincent, N. G.; J. L. Kelsey, V. G.; H. C. 
Seamen, Sec; J. M. Pearse, P. S ; J. T. Abbott, Treas.; J. H. Howland, R. S. 
and J. H. Keyes, L. S. to U. G.; Jacob Phillips, W.; W. H. Bloss, C; G. H. 
Lister, R. S. S.; J. B. Horton, L. S. S.; J. W. Kennedy, 0. G.; A. C. Car- 
ter, I. G.; J. R. Nix, R. S., and P. S. French, L. S. to V. G.; H. R. Holmes, 
P. G. 

Azur Encampment^ No. 37\ instituted October 20, 1869, by S. S. Winald, 

D. D. G. P., in Burnside Hall, N. E. corner Franklin and Fayette streets. 
Charter members, Jacob Phillips, Thos. W. Robinson, Wm. M. Boynton, R. 
W. Tirrill, E. Graham, G. R. Buckley, J. T. Horton. Those elected to office, 
J. Phillips, C. P.; R. W. Tirrill, H. P.; G. R. Buckley, S, W.; E. Graham, 
J. W.; \V. N. Boynton, Scribe; J. F. Horton, Treas. 

Officers for 1878, J. T. Abbott, C. P.; J. W. Kennedy, S. W.; H. R. 
Holmes, H. P.; J. M. Pearse, Scribe; E. J. Skinner, J. W.; A. 0. Moore, 
Treas. Membership, 12. Meets second and fourth Monday evening of each 
month, in Odd Fellows Hall. 

ANCIENT ORDER OF UNITED WORKMEN. 

Manchester Lodge, No. 28, A. 0. of U. W., was instituted May 15, 1875, 
by IL W. Holman, D. D. G. M. W., with the following charter members, viz.: W. 
B. Sherman, A. S. Blair, B. W. Jewell, Z. L. Atkinson, A. 0. Moore, Wm. B. 
Jones, H. S. Lillagar, Calvin Yoran, C. D. Clark, T. T. Carkeek, D. T. John- 
son, L. L. Ayres, A. L. Baldwin, H. L. Walter, J. M. Lanning, W. E, Brown, 
W. L. Wcidman and J. C. Suydam. 

The following officers were elected and installed : L. L. Ayers, P. M. W.; 
Calvin Gordon, M. W.; A. 0. Moore, G. F.; H. S. Lillagar, 0.; C. D. Clark, 
Recorder ; W. E. Brown, Financier ; Z. L. Atkinson, Receiver ; C. D. Bald- 
win, W atch ; W. L. Weidman, Guide. 

The first meeting was in " Odd Fellows' Hall," City Hall Block, where 
the Lodge continued to meet until the new Odd Fellows' Hall, in Freelove's 
building, on west side of Franklin street, corner of Delaware, was completed, 
when the Lodge removed to that hall, January 1, 1878. 



HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 507 

The officers, 1875, second term, commencing July 1, were A.. 0. Moore, M. 
W.; C. D. Clark, Recorder. 1876, first term, A. S." Blair, M. W.; P. H. Sny- 
der, Recorder. Second term, H. L. Walter, M. W.; 13. W. Jewell, Recorder. 
1877, first term, W. E. Brown, M. W.; Calvin Yoran, Recorder. Second term, 
B. W. Jewell, M. W.; W. L. Weidman, Recorder. 1878, first terra, George 
Comerford, M. W.; Amos C. Carter, G. F : Lemuel Allen, 0.; H. M. Ruggles, 
Recorder ; H. L. Walter, Financier ; Z. L. Atkinson, Receiver ; S. W. Trench- 
ard, I. W.; John C. Heath, 0. W.; A. S. Blair, Guide. 

Whole number Master Workman degree members. May, 1878, 62. The 
Lodge is in a prosperous condition. Its hall rent is paid to January 1, 1879, and 
it has accumulated a fund of about $600, which is well invested in ten per cent, 
securities. 

PATRONS OF HUSBANDRY. 

Jones Mill Q-range of P. of H. was organized Feb. 20, 1873, its first officers 
being A. F. Coon, M.; J. C. Skinner, 0.; E. S. Coon, L.; D. W. Jones, S.; J. 
H. Burrington, A. S.; Wm. Clugston, C; S. J. Edmonds, T.; E. 0. Clemens, 
Secretary; Luman Sly, G. K.; Drusilla Childs, Ceres; Sarah J. Coon, Pomona; 
Eliza C. Skinner, Flora ; Charlotte Acers, L. A. S. The remaining charter 
members were D.W. Jones, George Acres, S. M. Hoyt, D. P. Ferris, Luther Sly, 
Wattson Childs, Wm. H. HoUister, A. L. Lightfoot, A. Kirkpatrick, Hassel 
Monson, Henry Brown, C. W. Mead, Robert Forteous, E. S. Coon, Delilah 
Hoyt, Margaret Jones, S. V. Coon. 

This Grange has had a prosperous history. The most notable event was a 
festival given by the Grange at Jones' new woolen factory, in February, 1877, 
which lasted all day and was attended by scores from neighboring Granges. 
The Grange meets in the second story of D. W. Jones' store. 

I. 0. OF G. T. 

Manchester Centennial Lodge, No. Ill, I. 0. of Gr. T. — Organized April 
8, 1876, at the Baptist Church, by McLaughlin. Charter members — S. W. 
Green, G. S. Lister, A. P. Turner, E. H. Trenchard, V. S. Esty, A. Stetter, 
L. M. Johnson, Mrs. E. L. Trenchard, Miss Ida Moore, Miss Lulu Carter, 
Miss Sarah Allen, Miss Jennie Work, Miss Ida Fuller, Winnie Adams, A. C. 
Green, C. H. Foster. First officers— F. Flint, W. C. T. ; Mrs. A. C. Carter, 
W. V. T. ; Mrs. A. 0. Moore, W. C. ; Mrs. C. J. Fuller, W. S. ; Miss Clara 
Adams, W. A. S. ; A. C. Green, ^N . F. S. ; Mrs. F. Flint, W. T. ; E. R. 
Roberts, W. M. ; Miss Ida Moore, W. D. M. ; Mrs. P. A. Trenchard. W. I. G.; 
V. S. Esty, W. 0. G. ; Mrs. E. R. Roberts, W. R. H. S. ; A. C. Carter, W. 
L. H. S. ; John Kerr, P. W. C. T. First meeting held in the parlors of the 
M. E. Church, then to Loomis Hall, June, 1876 ; May 1, 1877, removed to 
Burnsidc Hall. A division of the Lodge took place December 4, 1877, when 
about forty members withdrew and organized a new lodge. Number of mem- 
bers in good standing, xVpril 17, 95. 

The present officers are A. S. Blair, W. C. T. ; Mrs. Campbell, W. V. T. ; 
A. Stetter, W. S. ; Charles Turner, W. F. S. ; Charles Hamlin, W. T. ; D. 
Mason, W. C. ; Nellie Paxson, I. G. ; F. Dudley, 0. G. ; L A. Cates, W. M. ; 
Edith Campbell, D. M. ; Adella Eldredge, R. H. S. ; Kitty Conklin, L. H. S. 

Earnest Workers Lodge, No. 227, 1. 0. G. T., was organized in the Fall 
of 1877, with about fifty charter members. The present officers are G. S. Lis- 
ter, W. C. T. ; Mrs. Emma Trenchard, W. V. T. ; Mrs. G. S. Lister, W. S. ; 
A. C. Green, W. F. S. ; Mrs. H. A. Moore, W. T. ; Mrs. H. F. Childs, W. C. v 



508 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 

Lewis Coleman, W. M. ; Lulu Carter, W. A. M. ; SaraH Green, W. I. G. ; 
A. C. Green, W. 0. G. ; Mrs. S. Knickerbocker, R. H. S. ; Mrs. J. M. Pearse, 
L. H. S. ; Rev. S. Knickerbocker, P. W. C. T. ; F. Flint, Lodge Deputy. 

Rock Prairie Lodge, I 0. G-. T., was organized November 15, 1877, at 
Rock Prairie school house, with thirty-one members. John Edmonds, Lodge 
Deputv, installed the first officers as follows : A. S. Coon, W. C. T. ; Mrs. 
Delia Coon, W. V. T.; Isaac Shear, W. F. S.; Chauncey 0. Bushnell, Treas.; 
Owen P. Dutton, W. S. ; Dwight Bushnell, W. C. ; William Stevens, W. M. ; 
Alice Bushnell, W. I. G. ; Isaac N. Bushnell, W. 0. G. ; Susan D. Connell, 
W. D. M. ; Eleanor N. Stevens, W. A. S. ; Eva Lamport, R. H. S. ; Annie 
Hitman, L. 11. S. Meet at Rock Prairie school house, four miles northeast of 
Manchester. 

MANCHESTER REFORM CLUB. 

This association is the outgrowth of a meeting held in the office of S. G. 
Van Anda March 29, 1877, of forty citizens — habitual drinkers — who had con- 
vened together for the purpose of forming a Mutual Anti-Drinking Aid Society, 
adopting a constitution and by-laws, which bound them forever to abstain from 
the use of alcoholic liquors. They proceeded to elect the following officers by 
ballot: S. G. Van Anda, President; G. R. Buckley, Vice President; J. Van 
Antwerp, Secretary ; L. Paxson, Treasurer. 

The society has been successful beyond the expectation of its founders, 
nearly every one of its members having abstained from drink ever since they took 
the society's pledge. A monster Fourth of July celebration was held last year 
under its auspices in the grove at the foot of Butler street, six or seven thousand 
people being in attendance. Evening sociables were held weekly in the same 
grove during the remainder of the Summer season, refreshments being sold and 
music being furnished. In the Fall, the meetings were transferred to the hall, 
and literary exercises added. 

The club room, in the second story of City Hall Block, is sumptuously fitted 
up, and is kept open every day in the week from 8 A. M. to 10 P. M., and 
strangers are always cordially welcomed and invited to make themselves at home 
within its walls. 

ladies' TEMPERANCE SOCIETY. 

Organized in the basement of the M. E. Church, January, 1874, with 136 
members, who elected the following officers for the next ensuing year : Mrs. 
J. H. Stevens, President; Mrs. G. W. Buckley, Vice President; Mrs. J. 
Stewart, Secretary ; Mrs. Joel Bailey, Treasurer. 

This society has accomplished a great deal of good since its organization ; 
although the membership has decreased to about sixty, they are in a better 
working and financial condition than ever before. The ladies in office at pres- 
ent are: Mrs. Dr. Paquin, President; Mrs. S. G. Van Anda, Vice President ; 
Mrs. J. A. Wheeler, Secretary ; Mrs. Thomas Kinne, Treasurer. 

BAND OF HOPE. 

A Juvenile Temperance Society, organized under the auspices of the Woman's 
Temperance Union in the Baptist Church, April, 1874, with sixty members, 
and the following officers : John Stewart, President : 

The membership for 1878 is 160. The officers : Mrs. Dr. Bradley, Presi- 
dent ; Mrs. Hannah Congar, Vice President ; Mrs. G. G. Pierce, Secretary ; 




MANCHESTER 



HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 511 

Mrs. J. A. Wheeler, Treasurer ; Mrs. V. Cliilds, Chorister ; Miss Eva Parrott, 

Organist Vi,.;.: Mirn.ie Jewitt, Usher. The Society meets in the different 
churches the first Sunday of each month. 

BUSINESS INTERESTS. 

The Delaware County Manufacturing Company. — A company with the 
above ponderous title was organized November 26, 1875. The officers elected 
at the January meeting were N. Ruggles, President; J. S. Belknap. Treasurer; 
E. Healy, Secretary ; H. L. Hopkins, Superintendent ; Charles Paxson, H. D. 
Wood, J. S. Barry, L. E. Beebe. J. S. Belknap, S. T. Oviatt, W. N. Merten, 
The object principally in view was to manufacture a mowing machine invented 
by H. L. Hopkins, Avho had been induced to come west in 1875 by L. E. Beebe, 
of Delaware. In February, 1876, the Company purchased of N. Denton the 
ground and shops formerly owned by the Manchester Manufacturing Company, 
and supplied neAV and valuable machinery. The works were set going, and by 
the early Fall, over a hundred mowing machines were completed, and most of 
them sold, but the cash resources of the concern were exhausted. Times were 
snug, and in August, at a stockholders' meeting, it was decided to increase the 
stock by taking notes, which could be used as collaterals in the business. A 
considerable amount was raised in this way, mainly in Colony Township. But 
soon after the August meeting, ill feeling grew up, arising from various causes, 
the seeming prosperity of the Company began at once to wane, and the shops 
were closed. During the Winter several unavailing efforts were made to collect 
assessments. This fiiiling, Mr. Hopkins organized a partnership composed of 
himself and three others, the firm offering to take the property and continue the 
business in consideration of a donation of three-fourths of the stock to Hopkins 
& Co. This fell through, and at the February term (1877) of Circuit Court, 
the property was foreclosed by N. Denton, who was the principal creditor, and 
sold by the Sheriff as soon as the law would permit. At the May term of the 
same Court, on Mr. Hopkins' application for a receiver, the Court took the 
property in charge, placing it in the hands of Sheriff Corbin, but at the Sep- 
tember term, Judge Bagg appointed E. M. Carr Receiver, who has collected 
what is available as assets, and present indications are that full paid stock in the 
concern is worth about thirty cents on the dollar. The amount of stock sub- 
scribed is about $35,000. 

The Manchester Flouring -mill was built in 1867, by Jacob Hoag and his 
son Egbert, near the site of the saw-mill that disappeared finally in 1862. Quite 
a newspaper discussion arose in 1866, when the Hoags were preparing to erect 
the dam, whether or not the future pond would breed malaria and consequent 
disease among the inhabitants of Manchester. The Hoags proceeded, however, 
and time has shown that the rate of mortality has not increased. On the death 
of Jacob Hoag, in 1868, his son Jacob J. assumed his interest, which he has 
just (1878) disposed of to Egbert, who is now sole owner. The average capac- 
ity of the mill is 150 barrels of flour or 300 bushels of feed per day, which can 
be somewhat increased, if necessary. The mill was last year remodeled and 
machinery for the "middlings purifying process " put in, since which time the 
product of the mill has been unsurpassed in quality by any mill in the vicinity. 
The structure is three stories high, and 40x60 feet in size. It is located on the 
west side of the river, just below the wagon bridge. 

The Quaker Mills. — The first flouring-mill on the site now occupied by the 
Quaker Mill was erected by Dr. John Acers in 1854, which was continued 



512 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 

quite successfully until June, 1865, when the swirling flood that rose on the 27tb 
of that month crawled around the foundations of the mill, crept several feet up 
its sides, and, holding the structure fast in its tremendous grasp, swept it into- 
the current and pounded it to pieces as it floated down the stream. In 1866, 
Messrs. Paxson & Seeds purchased an interest in the property, and under their 
supervision the mill was rebuilt and started in 1867, under the name of " Qua- 
ker Mill.'" The new structure was supplied with a first-class line of machinery 
and did a flourishing business until May, 1869, when the structure was burned 
to the ground and nearly aH the machinery ruined. Soon after the fire. Dr. 
Acers sold his remaining interest and the mill was speedily rebuilt, milling 
being resumed late in the year. Sept. 5, 1876, the dam was washed away for 
the third or fourth time since its construction. It was rebuilt under the super- 
intendence of N. Denton, Esq. It is 120 feet long and 14 feet high. The mill 
is 45x4^; feet in size, three and a half stories high, not including the stone 
basement. The process of regrinding was begun at Quaker Mill in 1875, and 
a large share of its product is handled by dealers in Manchester, the bran being 
a favorite with consumers. The surplus is shipped to Vermont and Philadel- 
phia. Charles Paxson and W. H. Seeds are the present owners ; Ilian Walters, 
Superintendent ; Charles Seeds, Business Manager. 

The Manchester Woolen-mill is situated on Honey Creek, its legal location 
being on the northwest quarter of the northeast quarter of Section 20, Town- 
ship 89 north, Range 8 west. The site was purchased by D. W. Jones in 
1865, and in the same year he began the erection of the factory, which was 
30x40 feet in size and three stories high. In this structure he set up one set of 
cards, one set of custom cards and a spinning-jack. In 1867, he added thirty 
feet to the length of the building, and more than doubled the manufacturing 
capacity of the mill by adding a large set of cards, and has continued to add 
ncAv machinery from year to year, so that he has been able to make the finest 
grades and finish of cloth for several years past, the wearing quality of which 
is unsurpassed. In the Fall of 1876, Mr. Jones built another factory, about 
half a mile below his first one, the dimensions of which are 48x80 feet and 
three and a half stories high, not including the basement. The new factory 
does nothing but spinning and weaving, the dyeing, fulling and teasling being 
all done at the upper factory. The new establishment contains three full sets 
of cards and three self-acting mules. The diff'erent goods manufactured by Mr. 
^Jones are fancy cassimeres, three grades of beaver for overcoats, tricots, doe- 
skins, jeans, diff'erent grades of blankets and all kinds of yarns. Mr. 
Jones is ably assisted in the management of his factories by his tAvo sons, 
William B. and Joseph, who have homes of their own near the old mill. The 
goods aie sold from wagons, six or seven being kept on the road. Thirty hands 
are employed. 

BANKS. 

The Delaware County Bank, at Manchester, organized under the general 
law of the State, December 4, 1867. Joseph S. Belknap, William Cattron, 
II. M. Congar, Eri N. Tomlinson, Charles Burnside, Ray B. Griffin, Wm. II. 
Board, Thomas Toogood and Charles Paxson, Directors ; J. S. Belknap, Presi- 
dent ; Charles Paxson, Vice President; William II. Seeds, Cashier. 

The Bank opened for business March 2, 1868, in a frame budding on the 
east side of Franklin street, a short distance north of Main. In 1872, this old 
building was removed and a handsome brick building was erected, which is now 
occupied by the bank. The capital stock originally was $50,000, increased^ 



HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 513 

May, 1873, to $100,000. Officers, May, 1878 : President, Joseph S. Belknap ; 
Vice President, Charles Paxson ; Cashier, Wm. H. Seeds; Directors, J. S. 
Belknap, Thomas Toogood, Henry Acers, John U. Schilling, William C. Caw- 
ley, E. 0. Clemens, R. W. Tirrill, Benjamin B. Provost and Charles Paxson. 

Congar Bros'. Banking House commenced business January 1, 1875 ; 
capital ample, good credit and good connections. They own the building in 
which their business is conducted — a handsome two-story building, built of brick, 
with white stone trimmings. Erected in 1875, at a cost of $4,700. 

PRESENT BUSINESS INTERESTS OF MANCHESTER 1878. 

The following embraces the present principal business interests of Man- 
chester : 

Butter Dealers. — A. H. Blake, Loomis & Castle, Riddell Bros., Merry & 
Goodell, A. R. Loomis, 2d. 

General Stores — L. A. Loomis, 1861; J. S. Belknap, 1863; Thorp Bros. 
& Co., 1866 ; E. Tilton, 1865 ; H. C. Graham & Co., 1868 ; Merry & Goodell, 
1872 ; A. E. Stewart, 1877 ; Levi Hills, 1874 ; Riddell Bros., 1869 ; J. M. 
Haran, 1878. 

Furniture and Coffins — Torrey & Jones, 1877. 

Boots and Shoes — B. H. Keller, 1865 (the first to enter into this business 
in Delaware Township); Seth Brown, 1859; F. 0. Muckler, 1876; Granger 
& Hoyt, 1871. Seth Brown appears to be ahead. 

Hardtvare and Stoves — Lawrence & Lister, 1877 ; Adams Bros., 1857 ; 
H. F. Whitney, 1875; L U. Butler, 1857. 

Saddlery and Harness — C. B. Eaton, 1870 ; John Otis & Son, 1873 ; 
Samuel Steadman, 1876. 

Lumber Yards— J. N. Wolcott, 1870 ; G. R. Buckley & Co., 1867. 

Agricultural Impleinents — N. Ruggles, 1859 ; A. S. Beardslee, 1872 ; V. 
J. Williams & Co., 1877; A. M. Sherwood, Manager, 1877. 

Clothiers— J. Rothschild, 1877; L. & A. Wolf, 1874; C. H. Mesner, 
1877. 

JDrugs, Books and Stationery — E. J. Congar, 1867 ; W' . E. Brown, 1869 ; 
L. Atwater & Son, 1874. 

Boohs and Stationery — W. C. Cawley. 

Flour and Feed — G. 0. Vincent, 1877. 

Restaurants — W. G. Foster, 1877 ; George Commerford, 1871. 

Marble Tfor^s— Reuben Durrin, 1869 ; W. McLitosh & Son, 1876. 

Jewelers — D. R. Lewis & Bro, 1857 ; W. N. Boynton, 1859. 

Blacksmiths — H. L. Bates, 1877 ; Z. L. Atkinson, 18 — ; H. E. Long, 
1877 ; Jerrv P. Wilson, 1868 ; Whitman & Hamblin, 1877 : R. G. Kennedy, 
1871. " 

Wagon Makers— B.. G. Kennedy, 1871 ; E. Malone, 1877 ; E. Hamlin, 
1859. 

Meat 3Iarkets— George Brownell, 1864; Evans & Rich, 1872; Fred 
Glisendorf, 1866. 

Photographers— \Y . H. Greenwood, 1868; Walter & Weidman, 1871; C. 
B. Mills, 1875. 

Portrait and Ornamental Painting — W. H. Greenwood, 1868. 

Milliners —Mrs. J. R. Rule, 1866; Mrs. N. F. Lawrence, 1870; Mrs. L. 
^ . Loomis, 1875. 

Attorneys at Law — Ray B. Griffin, 1865; Charles S. Crosby, 1867; S. L. 



514 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 

DocTcrett 1857 ; R. W. TirriU, 1859 ; S. G. Van Anda, 1865 ; C. E. Bron- 
son!''l865 ; M. F. Le Roy, 1870 ; E. M. Carr, 1872 ; Calvin Yoran, 1870 ; 
A. S. Blaiv. 1857 : Ed. P. Seeds, 1877 ; Charles Husted, 1876. 

Phiisirians and Dentists— ^o^q^\\ W. Robbins, 1855 ; S. W. Green, 1851 ; 
I. W. Grist, 1876 ; C. C. Bradley, 1866 ; AV. B. Sherman, 1870 : B. H. Rey- 
nolds, 1874 ; J. T. Abbott, 1867 ; C. W. Dorman, 1876. 

JJoteh — Clarence House, by Toogood & Bethell, 1855 ; Merchants' Hotel, 
by J. W. Durbon, 1875; Delaware House, by R. Brooks, 1873; Martin 
House, by Job Martin, 1870 ; Nix House, 1858 : Manchester House, by Mrs. 
Johnson, 1873. 

THE BUSINESS OF 1877. 

The following statistics, relating to the business of Manchester for the year 
1877, will be found valuable for reference : 

Butter. — Manchester is the great butter market of Iowa, and the following 
shows the increase in this department for three years : There were sent from 
this station, in 1875, 750,000 pounds of butter; in 1876, 913,370 pounds : in 
1877, 1,197,478 pounds. 

This shows the growth of the dairy business of the county during the past 
year has been quite as great as in 1876. But this does not show the entire 
increase. There are several new creameries in operation supplied from points 
in the county distant from this city, and whose products are shipped from other 
stations. There is no doubt the total increase in the dairy products over last 
year is at least double that shown above. But be this so or not, it is a gratify- 
ing fact that our dairy business is steadily growing, and that Delaware County 
will soon make the most, as she now makes the best. 1)utter of any county in 
the Union. 

' SHIPMENTS OF 1877. 

Cars. Cars. 

Wheat 95 Flour 15 

Corn 16 Hay 24 

Osits .' 78 I Starch 8 

Cattle 45 Hides '. 25 

Hogs 131 Rags 33 

Horses 14 Dressed hogs 2 

Butter 113 Emigrant movables 17 

Eggs 29 Timothy and clover seed 2 

Poultry 8 Butter tubs and egg cases 18 

Agricultural implements 34 Sundries 156 

RECEIPTS OF 1877. 

Care. Cars 

Merchandise 323 I Private coal 351 

Lumber 357 Company coal 593 

Sundries 21 i Iron, nails and wire 24 

Salt 33 ' Livestock 18 

Cement 3 I Apples 16 

Household goods 15 Barrel stock and butler tubs 15 

Oil 6 Wagon stock 6 

Agricultural implements 20 Wheat 11 

Stone 36 Butter and eggs 27 

DELHI. 

Delhi Township. 

The early history of Delhi, the county seat of Delaware, is necessarily a 
l)art of the history of the county, has been largely included in it, and a brief 
review will be all that is necessary here. 



HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 515 

The southeast quarter of Section 17, Township 88 north, Range 4 west, 
was selected for the county seat by a vote of the people at an election held 
August 2, 1841. The town was named Delhi by order of the County Com- 
missioners, January 18, 1842. The people turned out en masse, shortly 
afterward, and built a log court cabin on the southeast corner pf the quarter 
section, and the town was surveyed and platted by Joel Bailey, County 
Surveyor, March 31. 1842. Charles W. Hobbs built a cabin near the south- 
west corner of the town, but on another quarter section, in 1843-44, and 
moved into it with his family in the Spring of 1844. 

The post office at Delhi was established March 14, 1844. Mrs. Mary E. 
A. Hobbs, wife of Charles W. Hobbs, was appointed Postmistress, and until 
Mr. Hobbs removed from Penn's to his new home near Delhi, the office was 
kept at the house of J. W. Penn, at Penn's Grove. 

Until 1846, and until the county acquired title to the quarter section on 
which Delhi was laid out, in March of that year, no improvements were made, 
as no lots could be sold, and the log Court House, built in 1842 and finished in 
1844, was the only building in the town. In 1846, several log cabins were 
erected, the first, it is said, by Mr. Levi Ellis, the second by John W. Clark, 
near the "Big Spring," which was the only tavern in town until 1851. Will- 
iam Phillips also built a cabin on the town site and later, perhaps ilot until 
1847, Arial K. Eaton built another near southwest corner of Town. 

With the building of these cabins, the spirit of improvement seemed 
exhausted. Town lots were worth $5.00 each, when any were sold, Avhich was 
not of very frequent occurrence, and Delhi consisted of this little cluster of 
log cabins until 1851, when, through the enterprise of Frederick B. Doolittle 
and a feAv others, the town took a new departure. 

The first tavern or hotel was kept by John W. Clark, who also opened the 
first store in town prior to 1848. 

Mitchell built the first blacksmith shop in 1849. 

A division of Sons of Temperance was organized at Delhi about 1850, in 
the old Court House. Among the remembered members were C. W. Hobbs, 
Zina A. Wellman, Lewis Patton. Mr. Leland. Meetings were held in the 
houses of the members. This organization, after continuing its labors for seve- 
ral years, became extinct, leaving no records from which to write its history. 
In 1851, Daniel Baker built the old Iowa House on a lot donated to him 
for that purpose by Frederick B. Doolittle, who had, in connection with Mr. 
Price, hewed the timber for a new Court House and had taken his pay in town 
lots at $5.00 each. During the same year, Mr. Helm built the " Blue Store," 
now occupied by the post office, on another lot donated by Mr. Doolittle. 
Several other buildings were erected in the same year, and the price of town 
lots advanced, some being sold for the extravagant price of $25. 

From this time, the growth of the town was rapid for several years, and at 
the close of 1856, it was one of the most active, thriving towns in Northern Iowa, 
The new Court House was completed in 1853. The Harding Hotel was nearly 
completed in 1856, and, to all appearances, Delhi was destined to be the largest 
town as well as the seat of justice of the county of Delaware. For two years, 
this happy state of affairs continued. G. W. Ashburn became landlord of the 
Harding House, and every available corner of that capacious house was nightl}' 
crowded with guests, who had come to Iowa with pockets full of gold to invest 
in the fertile lands that stretched out to the setting sun — all for a dollar and a 
quarter an acre. The people were prosperous, and everybody was happy. But 
the location of the Dubuque k Pacific Railroad three miles north of the town 



516 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 

and the financial crash of 1857 were severe blows to its prosperity, from which 
it has never recovered, although the completion of the Davenport & St. Paul 
Railroad, in 1872, was of some advantage to it, more, perhaps, by aiding it to 
hold the county seat than in any other way. 

December, 1854, the County Judge ordered, inasmuch as over one-fourth of 
the voters of Delhi had petitioned to have the town incorporated, that an elec- 
tion be held January 15, 1855, to decide the question, and appointed William 
F. Tanner, William Phillips and George Shelden, Judges, and C. W. Hobbs 
and S. F. Parker, Clerks of the election. Thirty-seven votes were case for the 
measure, and none against. The Judge then appointed January 27, 1855, as 
the day on which the citizens were to select five persoas to prepare a charter 
for the government of the town; and on that day, A. K. Eaton, James Wright, 
E. K. Griffin, Daniel Baker and Samuel F. Parker were elected. Judge Ben- 
son ordered the charter, as prepared, to be submitted February 28, which was 
accepted by a unanimous vote of twenty-eight. The charter provided for elect- 
ing town officers on the second Monday in March following, concerning which 
the county records are silent, but tradition states that A. K. Eaton was the 
first Mayor, and S. G. Van Anda' the second. In the latter's term of office 
the corporate powers were allowed to lapse into disuse, and have ever since 
remained dormant. 

In 1856, William Sylvester, Elisha Brady and Skerry built a steam 

saw and flouring-mill near the northwest corner of the lake, on the northeast 
quarter of the northeast quarter of Section 20, Town 88 north, Range 4 west, 
a short distance south of the plat of Delhi. It was a substantial stone build- 
ing. In 18t)l, the mill suspended operations, and in 1862, the building was 
converted into a distillery by George Maxwell, who continued until 1866, when 
Col. J. H. Peters operated it until 1867. Since that time, the old mill has 
been unoccupied, and is becoming dilapidated. 

July 4, 1861, was celebrated by Delhi in ample form. The parade included 
a dozen veterans of the war of 1812. Speeches were made by J. H. Peters, 
S. G. Van Anda and others. The celebration was kept up till late in the after- 
noon, when a dance began at the Harding House, and was kept up till sunrise 
next morning. 

A Farmers' Club was organized in Delhi in May, 1866, with the following 
officers: Washington J. Graham, President; Samuel Allison, Jr., Vice Presi- 
dent ; William Ball, Secretary ; Daniel Smith, Treasurer ; and John Porter 
Corresponding Secretary. 

A Literary and Library Association was organized at Delhi, May 29, 1871. 
Dr. .Vlbert Boomer was elected President ; Mrs. J. H. Peters, Vice President ; 
Thomas A. Twiss, Secretary ; J. M. Noble, Treasurer ; Mrs. D, Louise 
fngalls. Librarian. Membership fee was fixed at $4.00, payable quarterly. 
Quite a sum was raised for books, but the books were never pui'chased. 

EDUCATIONAL. 

Previous to independent organization, Delhi was attached to Sub-district 
No. 4. The independent school district of Delhi was organized August 18, 
1868. The Judges of Election were Charles Thorpe, N. Dunham, K. W. 
Kingslcy, J. Y. Atchi.son and J. L. McCreery. The officers first elected were 
W. yi. Hartshorn, President; E. Graham, Vice President ; E. Brady, Secre- 
tary ; Z. I). Sc<)])ey, Treasurer. The first sciiiool in Delhi was held in the old 
log Court House. It commenced in the Summer of 1846, Roxana Brown, 
teacher ; and this was the school house until the first school house was built, 



HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 517 

in 1852, by Perry Hook. It was a graded school, with Orlando Nash and 
Sarah Davis as teachers. This school house continued to be used until July 
25, 1868, when it was sold to the Methodist Society for $250. July 18, 1868, 
the School Board entered into a contract with William Wasson and B. S. 
Morgan to erect a brick school house. This was done at an expense of 
f 3,y65.35, and school opened, with George S. Bidwell as Principal, and Emily 
M. Bidwell, his wife, as assistant. 

To this building an extensive addition of two large wings, each containing 
two rooms, were added in 1872, district bonds for $7,000 having been voted for 
that purpose February 28, 1872. The contract was let to John Gibson, for the 
above named amount. As the building now stands, it contains six large rooms, 
four only of Avhich are in use, the other two being incomplete, considerable 
inside work having yet to be done. This, however, is not surprising, as evi- 
dently in the construction of so large a school building the necessities of the 
future were as fully considered as those of the present. In this school, there 
are three departments, and three teachers, as follows : C. D. Clark, Principal 
and Teacher of Higher Department ; Jerusha Cummings, Intermediate ; Rena 
Ball, Primary. 

The School Board, as at present (1878) composed, consists of J. B. Boggs, 
President; G. W. Hobbs, Secretary; Henry Haeberle, Treasurer; J. B. 
Boggs, J. M. Holbrook, J. B. Satterlee, A. E. House, J. M. Brayton and R. 
Eddy, Directors. 

RELIGIOUS. 

In the early Spring of 1847, the Rev. Mr. Briar, Methodist, preached the 
first sermon at Delhi, at the house of C. W. Hobbs. The first Methodist 
Society was organized in Delhi in 1852. The Rev. George Cliff'ord was sta- 
tioned there in 1854. In 1855, he, with Elder Farnsworth, a Baptist minister, 
held a very successful revival. Among the converts were two who afterward 
entered the Methodist ministry — Rev. S. Knickerbocker and Rev. Wm. Glass- 
ner. During this year the Methodists built a church costing about fifteen 
hundred dollars ($1500.00) ; it was afterward sold to the Catholics. The Rev. 
Mr. Davis was next appointed to the charge, who, after a short illness, died 
about the middle of the year, and Rev. Mr. Soule. of Virginia, was employed 
to fill out the year. His successor was Rev. Isaac Newton. An interesting 
Union Sabbath School was organized in the year 1852, and maintained for 
many years. 

First Baptist Church. — May 8, 1853, a preliminary meeting of the Baptists 
in this vicinity was held in the old log Court House. Elder C. D. Farnsworth 
was the Moderator, and R. S. Perry Clerk of the meeting. The names of four 
brethren and nine sisters were presented for membership. 

May 14th, four more united, and Ozius Kellogg and Ephraim Cummings 
were elected Deacons. 

May 28th, ten delegates from Cascade, Colesburg and Yankee Settlement 
met in the log Court House, with John Bates as Moderator, and organized a 
recognition council, which, after mature deliberation, unanimously agreed to 
recognize as a sister church the onejust organized at Delhi. 

On the 29th, the recognition sermon was preached by Elder John Bates. 

March 11, 1855, a building committee, names not given, were appointed, 
and an eff'ort made to build a house of worship. The first recorded meeting of 
this committee was on the 27th of June, when, not having met with sufficient 
■encouragement, it was agreed to disband. Nothing further was done in that 



518 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 

direction until 1868, when, on the 23d of June, James Heath, A. Stone and 
John Stone were appointed a committee on building a church. Their efforts 
were successful from the first. 

Aug. 18, 1868, the corner stone of the present edifice was laid. 

June 8!, 1873, Rev. J. Y. Johnston preached the dedication sermon. The 
actual cost of the church building was $3,397.91. The Trustees are Martin 
Mason. Isaac Cummings and George Rue ; Deacon Ephraim Cummings ; 
Clerk, Lizzie McCoy- Although an invitation has been extended, the church 
just now has no regular Pastor. 

Ladies Aid Society of First Baptist Ohureh or ganhed March 27, 1873, at 
Mrs. A. E. Martin's residence, unanimously electing the following officers : 
Mrs. George Watson, President ; Mrs. W. H. Frye, Vice President ; Mrs. S. 
E. Harger, Secretary and Treasurer ; Mrs. Mary Sherman, Assistant Secre- 
tary and Treasurer ; Mrs. Ephraim Cunmiings, Mrs. A. E. Martin, Mrs. Eliza 
Smith, Mrs. J. M. Brayton and Miss Minnie Cofiin were enrolled as members. 

The present officers and members are Mrs. Theodosia Doolittle, President ; 
Mrs. J Porter, Vice President ; Mrs. Lizzie McCoy, Secretary and Treasurer ; 
Mrs. E. Cummings, Mrs. S. E. Harger. Mrs. R. Mason. 

Woma)i's Baptist Mission Circle of Delhi organized April 20th, 1877, with 
following officers and members : Mrs. Elizabeth Harger, President ; Mrs. De 
Ette, Vice President : Mrs. A. Rue, Secretary and Treasurer ; Mrs. Mary 
Heath, Mrs. Lizzie McCoy, Mrs. E. Cummings, Mrs. R. Mason, Mrs. Maria 
Weaver. Meetings are held the first Tuesday of each month in First Baptist Church . 

Methodist Episcopcd Church. — The organization of this church occurred 
at the fourth quarterly meeting of the Earlville Circuit, Dubu(|ue District, 
Upper Iowa Conference, held here on Saturday, Aug. 18, 1868, and presided 
over by Rev. G. L. Garrison. At this meeting Albert Boomer, Elisha Brady, 
C. W. Hobbs, Daniel Pulver and George H. Fuller were appointed Trustees, 
which Board met Aug. 20th, 1868, when Dr. Albert Boomer was elected Presi- 
dent ; C. W. Hobbs, Vice President; George H. Fuller, Secretary; Elisha 
Brady. Treasurer : and A. Boomer. E. Brady and Daniel Pulver, were appointed 
a Building Committee to superintend the repairing and refitting of the old Town 
school House, which had been purchased July 25, 1868, for church purposes, 
for ^250. This committee were instructed to make the first ($50) payment 
and to pledge the individual notes of the Trustees for the balance. 

This was accordingly done and the building occupied, in which services 
have ever since been held. The Pastor at present in charge is the Rev. Eugene 
Ketchum, who preaches every alternate Sabbath. The Board of Trustees, 
with the exception of Elisha Brady, are as originally appointed. 

The Sunday School of this church was organized in the Fall of 1868. The 
present officers are Albert Boomer, Superintendent ; G. H. Fuller, Assistant 
Superintendent ; C. C. Harris, Secretary. 

A Ladies' Aid Society, whose object is the raising of funds to defray church 
expenses, was organized shortly after the church organization : Mrs. George 
Watson, President ; Mrs. Haeberle, Secretary, are the officers. 

Catholic Church. — The building used by this denomination was formerly 
owned by the Methodist Episcopal Society. It was transferred to the Catholic 
Church May 30, 1863, and by that church to the Bishop, January 1, 1865. 
Rev. J. F. Nugent, the present Pastor, assumed charge of the Delhi and Man- 
chester Parishes December 2, 1875, succeeding Rev. R. McGrath. 

Delhi Catholic Temperance Society organized with fifteen members, by 
Father Nugent, May 1, 1876. • Present membership over thirty. 



HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 519 

A. 0. OF U. W. 

Delhi Lodge A. 0. of U. W., No. ^21, instituted by D. D. G. M. Ferris, in 
Good Templars' Hall, April 2, 1875, with twenty-two charter members. First 
officers: J. B. Boggs, P. M. W.; W. A. Heath, M. W.; J. H. Peters, G. F.; 
S. S. Summers, 0.; J. B. Beveridge, G.; T. A. Twist, Rec'dr.; H. C. Haeberle, 
Finan.. A. E. Martin, Rec'r.; A. Preston, I. W: A. Dunham, J. B. Satterlee. 
H. C. Jackson, Trustees. 

The present membership (1878) is thirty. Officers: J. B. Boggs, P. M. 
W.; L. Terpenning, M. W.; Henry Harger, G. F.; F. E. Fuller, 0.; S. S. 
Summers, Recdr.; J. B. Satterlee, Recr.; W. A. Heath, Finan.: H. C. Jack- 
son, G.; T. C. Kelly, I. W.; P. W. Keith, 0. W.; J. B. Boggs, Henry Har- 
ger, L. Terpenning, Trustees. 

Meet every Monday evening, in Odd Fellows" Hall. 

BUSINESS INTERESTS, 1878. 

Delhi Star Creamery and Cheese Factory. — Work on this buildino- was 
commenced by B. Thorpe, in March, 1878. It is a fine two-story frame build- 
ing, 23x53 feet, located near the ^' Big Spring." Ample facilities are provided 
to make into butter the cream from the milk of over 400 cows. 

Dry Goods and General Merchandise. — B. Thorp & Son. 1855 ; John T. 
Penn, April 1. 1878; Charles Galpin, May, 1867; John McElmeel, January, 
1878. " 

Druyyist.—Uonis T. Heath, May, 1877. 

Harness Maker. — L. Terpenning, October, 1872. 

Shoemaker. — W. H. Follett, October, 1877. 

Wagon Makers.— Joseph Kofemhl, February, 1877 ; Patrick McMeel, May, 
1855. ^ -^ 

Blacksmith — I. A. Lacrone, April, 1875. 

Tinsmith. — John Held, October, 1876. 

Town Scales. — L. Terpenning, June, 1876. 

Fhysicians. — George H. Fuller, 1869-1877 ; Walter Newcomer, Septem- 
ber, 1877 : Albert Boomer, 1855. 

Millinery. — Miss L. Gleason, 1875. 

HOTELS. 

Iowa House. — Built in 1876, by John T. Penn, and conducted by John 
Morris for over a year, and by P. Keith until March 1, 1878, when E. P. 
Gaines, present landlord, took possession. 

Harding House. — Built in 1857, by Charles Harding. Purchased by pres- 
ent owner and landlord, Marion Hutchins, in 1868. 

MASONIC. 

Delhi Lodge No. — , A.. F. cj-A. M., was instituted in the Winter of 1855-6, 
with the following members: N. W. Moss, W. M.; W. C. Garrett, J. W. Clark, 
J. W. Penn, James Wright (afterward Secretary of State), P. T. McMahon, 
William Lutes, W. H. Gills, Charles W. Hobbs, John Teel, John Acers, H. L. 
Ryan, Peter Case, A. E. House, C. F. Hobbs, Lewis Crozier, P. Reading, 
William Mcintosh and James Carma. 

The Lodge surrendered its charter in 1860, owing, it is said, to some diffi- 
culties among its members, since which date Delhi has had no Masonic organi- 
zation. 



520 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY: 

I. 0. OF 0. F. 

Delhi Lodge, No. 4.6, I. 0. of 0. F., organized U. D. April 6, 1853, by 
John S. Dimniitt, P. G. The charter members were : John S. Dimmitt, A. D. 

Anders, Pratt, K. Skinner, Sylvester J. Dunham ; and the following as 

first officers: W. F. Tanner, N. G.; William Rice, V. G.; J. P. Hook, Secre- 
tary, and Floyd H. Williams, Treasurer. The charter is dated October 26, 
1853. 

The other officers were appointed as follows : H. T. Crozier, W.; Daniel 
Baker, C; Peter Case, I. G.; Norman Hate, 0. G. William Price is the only 
charter member who is now a member of the Lodge. 

The present officers are: William Price, N. G.; Andrew Wilson, V. G.; 
Thomas Simons, Secretary; E. M. White, P. S.; H. C. Haeberle, Treasurer; 
L. S. House, Henry Harger and L. Terpenning, Trustees. 

Work on the foundation of the building now owned by this Lodge was com- 
menced in the Fall of 1874. The contract for the brick work was let to Was- 
8on & Cousins, May 14, 1877. May 5, 1877, Ward White was chosen Build- 
ing Agent, and remained such until the completion of the building, which was 
located on Lot 12, Block 4, and cost $3,000. 

The Lodge meets every Saturday evening. 

The following paragraph came to the knowledge of the historian too late 
for insertion in its proper place : 

" An Act to appoint a Commissioner to perfonn certain duties in Delaware 
County," approved Jan. 22, 1853, appointed Thomas Helm a Commissioner, 
with power to sell all or any of the unsold and unappropriated town lots of the 
town of Delhi, and expend the proceeds upon the Court House and Jail, or so 
much thereof as he may deem necessary to complete the same, and for no other 
purpose. 

The records of the county do not indicate that Commissioner Helm crans- 
acted a large amount of business. 

NOTTINGHAM, OR EARLVILLE, 

is situated on the Dubuque & Sioux City Railroad, in Oneida Township, thirty- 
seven miles west of Dubuque. A Mr. Downer was the first to locate on the site of 
what is now Nottingham, or Earlville. He came as early as 1851. His stay 
was short, however, as, in 1852, he sold all he owned in this section to George 
M. Earl, who, accompanied by Henry Bently, arrived that year. Mr. Bently 
remained but a short time, when he, also, left, selling out to' Mr. Earl, who thus 
became the owner of a very large tract of land, destined to be the site of a vil- 
lage bearing his name. The next settler was Joel Seger, a carpenter, who came 
in 1853. 

In that year, the first school house — a frame — was built by him, in which 
Benjamin Thorp, Jr., was the first teacher. From the time" of Mr. Seger's 
arrival, there were no new comers to locate on the town site until 1857, when 
the Dubuque & Sioux City Railroad Avas pushed west as far as this point. That 
year, there were a great number of arrivals, and the town was laid out by G. M. 
Earl, W. N. Pitkin and the Railroad Company, who, with the consent of the 
residents, named the place Nottingham, in honor of one of their largest stock- 
holders. That name it continued to bear for almost a year, when, as there was 
another Nottingham in the State, the post office was changed to Earlville by 
the Government, and soon after the Railroad Company adopted that name for 
the station ; the name of the town, however, is Nottingham, and so appears in 



HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 521 

all official papers, to which is generally added the words "known as Earlville," 
and, in 1861, Judge Bailey enforced the name "Nottingham," by an order of 
the County Court. 

December 10, 1857, the first train arrived at Earlville. The passenger 
depot had already been erected and arrangements made to facilitate the ship- 
ment of produce eastward. This was the western terminus of the road for about 
two years. During that time, the town grew rapidly, and business was very 
active. 

The first store was erected by Benjamin Thorp, Sr., who opened in the 
Spring of 1857, followed soon after by F. Bates, the upper story of whose build- 
ing was used as a hall. 

Soon after the completion of the railroad this far, Earlville became one of 
the leading grain markets west of the Mississippi. The first warehouse was 
built by B. Thorpe, in 1858. It is still standing in excellent condition. Mr. 
Thorpe's example was soon followed by others, and two more small warehouses 
were erected ; but, in 1861, this had become such an important grain market 
that the capacity of these buildings were entirely inadequate, and an elevator, 
the third built along the line of the Dubuque & Sioux City Railroad, was built 
by J. S. Harris and Jo. Deiley, with a capacity of 10,000 bushels. In 1864, 
Josiah Tilson became the owner, and the management of the elevator was con- 
ducted by him up to 1875, when it was purchased by the present owners, L. G. 
Hersey & Co., who also own another large elevator, which has a capacity of 
15,000 bushels. This elevator was built in 1875, on the foundations of one that 
had been prostrated by a terrific tornado whicli passed over the town that Sum- 
mer without, fortunately, doing any further damage. The original building was 
put up by the same firm in 1869. 

In the Spring of 1871, Albert Sims, who, at that time, owned an elevator 
and considerable other property at Earlville, started a gift enterprise for the 
purpose of realizing on his assets. Half or two-thirds of the tickets were sold 
and the drawing took place, Mr. Sims' unsold tickets being alloAved to go in, by 
which arrangement he was enabled to draw back the elevator and some other 
property. Despite this apparent good fortune, the prize was no advantage to 
him, for too much money had been squandered in the expense of pushing the 
enterprise, and it was generally believed that Sims' agent made excellent wages. 

The shipment of grain, stock and produce has been, and continues to be, an 
important feature in the business of the town. The sale of farm machinery is 
also a source of considerable revenue to the business community. 

BUSINESS INTERESTS. 

The present business status, with the time of their establishment, is as 
follows : 

Dry Goods and General Merchandise — Grosby & Summersides, 1877 ; 
Hersey, Potter k Co., 1877. 

Groceries, Boots and Shoes — I. E. Eldridge, May, 1877. 

Agricultural Implements — G. W. Harper, 1867; Fox Bros., February, 
1878. 

Harness Makers — Hiram Pierce, October, 1875 ; E. L. Winston, March, 
1870. 

Shoemakers — S. W. Cheney, 1874. 

Hardware — George Stachle, 1872. 

Wagon and Carriage Makers — Shubert & Hess, April, 1870 ; Young k 
Otis, 1872. 



522 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 

Blacksmith — D. Guudman, 1876. 
Furniture — F. Werkmeister, December, 1872. 
Jeweler — Wm. Everton, 1858. 

Drugf/ists—J. S. Harris, 1870; Van Valkenburgh, 1866; M. Fuller, 
March, ISOD. 

Plii/sician — S. Haskell, 1865. 

Millinery — Mrs. S. Haskel, September, 1874. 

Dressmaker — Amanda Hall, September, 1874. 

Tailor— John H. Maack, April, 1875. 

Cooper— R. E. Martin, May, 1878. 

Butcher — Adam Yoit, 1871. 

Liver ij— J. B. Taylor, 1871. 

Xotary Public — J. H. Fuller, 1809 ; R. Zimmerman, 1871. 

Saloons — John Carty, 1870 ; Wm. Devine, 1876. 

Hats, Caps and Notions — A. L. Jones, May, 1875. 

Newspaper — Earlville Record, 1878, J. A. & J. B. Mathews. 

RELIGIOUS. 

The first religious exercises held in this town was that of a Union Sabbath 
School, organized by H. W. Pitkin, August, 1858, with ten scholars, in a 
railroad passenger coach that laid over here on Sundays, this then being the 
terminus of the road, and the privilege of using which was considerately granted 
by the company to the residents, who at that time had no other desirable place 
of meeting. The coach continued to be used regularly until the Fall of same 
year, when Bates" Hall Avas substituted. 

Then a library was established, and Sunday school papers furnished for the 
first time. To defray the expenses of getting these, $500 had been raised by 
voluntary contribution, and $5.00 more by the efforts of Miss Emma Deiley. 
This Sunday school continued to meet here until the withdrawal of the Con- 
gregational members, who had at that time built their church building, when it 
was disbanded. 

Congregational Church. — This denomination effected an organization Feb. 
6, 1859, in Bates' Hall, by Rev. H. N. Gates, and was composed of the follow- 
ing persons : George Perkins, Francis Bates, James G. Van Planck, Susan J. 
Harris and Eliza J. Stowe. Dec. 28, 1866, the church edifice now used was 
formally dedicated to the service of God, by Rev. Chas. Gibbs, the Pastor, 
assisted by Rev. Jesse Guernsey, who preached the dedication sermon. The 
exjtense of building the church was $-3,150, contributed as follows : Congrega- 
tional Union. $500^; Horace W. Pitkin, $500; George M. Earl, $100 and the 
lot ; B. Thorpe, Ji-., $100. The balance, amounting to $2,157, was raised by 
subscription. A handsome donation of a silver communion service was made 
to tlie church in 1875, by Jeremiah Campbell. In 1875. an addition of sixteen 
feet in front was built to the church, for a belfry and conference room. The 
Pastor now in charge is Rev. J. M. Bowers, who' located here Dec. 23, 1877. 
The present church oflficersare: Deacons, Maj. G. H. Morrisey,J. S. Harris: 
Trustees, T. G. Hersey, Charles Shull ; J. S. Harris, Clerk. 

M. E. CJiureh. — There are no early records of this church in existence. 
The organization was effected in Bates Hall, about the same time that the Con- 
gregationalists organized, in February, 1859. With the exception of a short 
time when meetings were held in the school house, they continued to worship 
where organized, until the completion of their present church edifice. The 



HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 523 

Building Committee of this house were; J. B. Taylor, J. Deiley and one other, 
not a member of the church, whose name is now forgotten. 

The dedication of the church occurred March 22, 1868, on which occasion 
the sermon was preached by Rev. Mr. Eddy, of Chicago. 

Rev. Eugene Ketchum, whose pastorate began in October, 1876, is the 
present Pastor of the church. The officers are W. C. Coe, J. R. Williams, Will- 
iam Ede, J. Deiley and W. G. Sandercock, Trustees ; W. H. Martin, J. R. 
Williams, Stewards. 

Services are held in the morning of each Sabbath. There is a vigorous and 
well attended Sunday school connected with the church. The officers are N. 
H. Marten, Superintendent ; J. R. Williams, Assistant, and Hattie Everton, 
Treasurer. 

G-erman Lutheran Churcli, organized June, 1873, by Rev. J. Christ, in 
Exchange Hall, Avith Daniel Raforth, Henry Young, C. Klaus, Trustees, and a 
membership of 12 families. The church in which this congregation now meets 
is a neat frame structure, 22x40 feet. The work of building it was commenced 
in the Spring of 1875. Rev. S. De Young, John Young, F. Werkmeister were 
the Building Committee. The dedication services by Rev. John Bucka, the 
present Pastor, occurred in August, 1875. John Young, Christian Klaus, 
Daniel Raforth, are the church Deacons at this time. 

Services are held each Sunday morning at 10:45. An efficient Sunday 
school, the Superintendent of which is the Pastor, meets just previous to the 
morning worship. 

EDUCATIONAL. 

In all matters pertaining to education, Nottingham, "known as Earlville," is 
recognized as one of thft foremost towns in the county. The early residents 
were of that better class of settlers, who, reared in the older Eastern States, 
where, as is well known, the facilities for acquiring an education are unsurpassed, 
were enabled to at once and correctly comprehend the requirements necessary 
for the proper education of their children. As early as 1859, they had dele- 
gated C. C. Oilman, a practical workman, to erect a school house building, in 
the construction of which, evidently, space, light and ventilation w^ere the con- 
trolling principles. 

No better evidence need be required to demonstrate the wisdom and foresight 
of its projectors, than to state that although nineteen years have elapsed, since in 
their pursuit of knowledge, children first assembled in the spacious building, it 
is to-day perfectly adapted to the wants of the community, and, under the really 
capable management of the present Principal, is in all respects a model school. 
We have already mentioned who was the first teacher and when the first school 
house was built. That school house continued to be used until the erection of 
the present one, in which H. N. Gates, a Congregational minister, as Principal 
and Mary Ellis, assistant, were the first teachers. 

Earlville was included in Sub-district No. 9, of the township, up to October 
31, 1865, when it became an independent district. 

The school, as now conducted, has three departments. Higher, Intermediate 
and Primary. The first is taught by the Principal, H. E. Stetson, and the 
other two by Miss Hattie Smith and Miss Jennie Carter, respectively. With 
the exception of the usual Summer and holiday recesses, school is held all the 
year round. There is an attendance at present of 119, divided as follows : 34 
in first grade, 40 in second grade, and 35 in primary department. 



524 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 

I. 0. 0. F. 

Oneida Lodge No. 132^ I. 0. 0. F., was instituted in the school house, 
April 25th, 1861, by Dept. G. M. Ira Graham, assisted by the following 
officers from the Grand Lodge : Joseph Chapman, G. W. ; William Price, G. 
M. ; S. G. Knee, G. Sec. ; Henry Harger, G. Treas. The first officers for per- 
manent organization were elected by acclamation, as follows : M. A. Newcomb, 
N. G. ; Wellington Russell, V. G. ; Edwin Griffin, Sec. ; Warner B. Robinson, 
Treas. By ayrpointment : E. S. Parks, P. G. ; John Hoffman, R. S. ; W. S. 
Todd, I. G. The initiated first evening were G. W. Harper, Addison Houser, 
and H. W. Goodell. 

A special meeting was held on the 27th of the same month, and appoint- 
ments made by G. M. for all vacant offices. 

The officers for 1878 are Henry Hulbert, N. G. ; William Kenney, V. G. ; 
J. E. Wheelock, Sec. ; M. V. Newcomb, P. S. ; John Midland, Treas. Ap- 
pointed : J. H. Fuller, R. S., and J. Deiley, L. S. to N. G. ; V. G. Beach, 
Warden; William Everton, Conductor; H. B. White, R. S. S. ; L. L. Pierce, 
L. S. S. ; E. Hulbert, I. G. ; J. J. Burlett, 0. G. ; C. Schubert, R. S., and 
L. AVheelock. Sr., L. S. to V. G. 

The membership at present is about 85. A handsome frame building and 
the lot on which it is located are owned by this body. The lower portion is 
rented for store purposes. The hall, the approach to which is by a wide side 
staircase, consists of the whole upper story. In size and finish it is one of the 
finest lodge rooms in the State. Dedicated October 3, 1877, it has since been 
used as the place of meeting for this and all other secret organizations in toAvn. 

Earlville EncampmenU No. 5.9.— Instituted April 10, 1878, by J. T. Ab- 
bott, D. D., in Odd Fellows' Hall, with eighteen charter members. The following 
were the officers elected: E. L. Morton, H. P.; William Everton, C. P. ; C. 
Schubert, S. W. ; G. G. Williams, J. W. ; V. G. Beach, Sec. ; F. Werk- 
meister, Treas. 

MASONIC. 

Square Lodge A., F. and A. M., No. £'5^.— Instituted U. D. by W. P. Allen, 
D. G. M., March 17, 1870, in the Odd Fellows' Hall. The installation of the 
following officers, which constituted the entire number of charter members, oc- 
curred at the time of organizing : W. P. Cummings, W^. M. ; J. D. Deiley, S. 
W. ; C. T. Stever, J. W. ; J. W. Penn, S. D. ; N. W. Clark, J. D. ; Nelson 
Clark, Treas. ; A. S. R. Reynolds, Sec. ; E. Turner, Tyler ; George McKee, 

The elective officers for 1878, are J. Cruise, Jr., W. M. ; H. Nietert, S. 
W. ; J. Deiley, J. W. ; W. W. Shaw, Sec. ; Jacob Kleespies, Treas. 

The present membership is about 40. Meet in Odd Fellows' Hall first 
Monday on or before full moon. 

A. 0. OF u. AV. 

Franklin Lodge, A. 0. U. TF., No. i^c9.— Instituted by W. H. Burford, 
D. D., in old Odd Fellows' Hall, August 8, 1877, with sixteen charter mem- 
bers, and the following officers : L. G. Hersey, P. M. W. ; George Staehle, 
M. W. ; E. Iloaly, F. ; G. W. Harper, 0.; R. II. Van Wagener, Recorder; 
I. E. Eldridge, Financier ; John Young, Receiver ; II. J. Nietert, G. ; E. P. 
Gaines, I. W. ; H. B. White, 0. W. Membership for 1878, twenty-two. 
Officers : George Staehle, P. M. W. ; E. Ilealy, M. W. ; George W. Harper, 
F. ; S. Haskin, 0. ; R. H. Van Wagener, Recorder ; H. B. White, G. ; I. E. 



HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY 525 

Eldridge, Financier ; John Young, Receiver ; John Maack, I. W. ; A. Otto, 
0. W, ; L. G. Hersey, Representative to G. L. Meets first and third Tues- 
days of each month. 

I. 0. OF G. T. 
Earlville Lodge, I. 0. G. T., No. — . — Organized by W. G. McLaughlin, 
Dept. W. G. C, with thirty-eight charter members, and the following officers: 
Robert M. Healy, W. C. f. ; Mrs. M. A. Wheeler, W. V. T. ; Levi Douglass, 
Secretary ; Ida Coe, Assistant Secretary ; Mrs. L. G. Hersey, Treasurer ; Geo. 
W. Harper, Financial Secretary ; S. Knickerbocker, Chaplain ; E. L. Morton, 
Marshal; Laura Box, Assistant Marshal; Mrs. A. J. Harper, R. H. S. ; Mrs. 
A. 0. Healy, L. H. S. ; J. R. Williams, L. D. The present (1878) officers 
are : W. H. Martin, W. C. T. ; Ida Coe, W. V. T. ; Charles Currier, Secre- 
tary ; William Crosby, Financial Secretary ; Jennie Keys, Treasurer ; Amand 
M. Hall, Chaplain ; Adam Schaller, M. ; Eva Cummings, A. M. ; Alice 
Bailey, I. G. ; Augustus Jamison, 0. G. ; Jessie Wheeler, R. H. S. ; Nellie J. 
Ketchum, L. H. S. ; George Harper, L. D. 

EARLVILLE CEMETERY ASSOCIATION. 

Organized May 23, 1863. The affairs of this Association are managed by 
five Trustees, two of whom are elected annually. Originally, there were but 
three, as follows : F. W. Dunham, J. S. Harris, Josiah Deiley. The five now 
holding office are: L. G. Hersey, George H. Morisey, J. S. Harris, Josiah 
Deiley, Enoch Cummings. 

The grounds of this Association consists of four acres, adjoining town plat 
on the east. For the purposes intended, a more desirable site would be hard to 
find. The inclosed land is situated on a slight eminence, and has been taste- 
fully laid out in lots, and adorned with evergreens and shrubbery, which makes 
what would be the otherwise unattractive final resting place an ornament to the 
town. Any one may become a member of this Association by subscribing to 
the articles of incorporation and purchasing a lot. 

HOTEL. 

The Earlville House was one of the first buildings erected in Earlville. It 
was built in 1857. Since then, there has been additions to the original struc- 
ture, so that now it is a commodious and well arranged hotel. The property is 
owned by Asa Wheeler and Mrs. M. A. Wheeler. The office is in charge of 
this amiable lady's nephew, Spencer M. Wheeler. 

DELAWARE. 

[Oneida Township.) 

The only town on the line of the Dubuque & Pacific Railroad, in Dela- 
ware County, in which the Iowa Land Company was not directly interested, is 
the little town of Delaware, in the southwest part of Oneida Township, on Sec- 
tion 32 — 89 — 4. The Davenport & St. Paul Railroad crosses the Dubuque & 
Sioux City road at this point. 

The first settlements in this vicinity were made in 1852, when John Hefner, 
W. M, Hefner, J. P. Ball, John P. Fear and D. M. Smith, wVth their families, 
located in this part of Township 89 — 4, including in their purchases the future 
site of Delaware. 

When the Dubuque & Pacific Railroad was completed through the county, 
in 1859, for the accommodation of the people of Delhi, the company established 



526 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 

a Station here, provided the people would furnish depot ground and build the 
depot, and the town of Delaware was laid out by Frederick B. Doolittle, John 
Hefner, J. P. Ball and Geo. Watson. The surveying was done in the Fall and 
Winter of 1859-60, and the plat was recorded March 10, 1860. 

W. M. Hefner was first Station Agent at Delaware, and opened the first 
store in the new town, probably in 1860, using a part of the depot building for 
store purposes. The first house on the town plat was built by Hefner & Ball, 
in the Winter and Spring of 1860, and opened as a hotel by Mr. Ball, under 
the name of the " Delaware Centre House." The house is still standing, and 
is now known as the " Ames House. 

For a year or two, the town increased rapidly, but attained nearly its pres- 
ent size in 1862-3. The Davenport & St. Paul Railroad, built in 1872-3, 
crosses the Iowa Division of the Illinois Central at this point, but has not proved 
to be of any material advantage to the town, the connections between the roads 
being very remote. 

BUSINESS INTERESTS. 

The first elevator in Delaware was erected by R. Boon and F. B. Doolittle, 
in 1861. Its capacity is about 4,000 bushels. Mr. Boon is now the sole 
owner. 

About 1870, Mr. Boon built another and larger elevator, having a capacity 
of about 8,000 bushels. 

Stores were started at various times by various parties, among whom Al. 
Thorpe, J. Deiley, I. E. Eldredge and R. Phelps, and about 1873-4 the Dela- 
ware County Grange Company opened a variety store. In 1878, the business 
interests of the town are summed up as follows : 

Drugs and Sundries — Stringham & Carlin, 1872. 

Hotel — Ames House; N. 0. Ames, Proprietor, 1874. 

Physician— R. H. Pierce, M. D., 1876. 

MUlinerji — Miss Benson, 1878. 

Shoemaker — B. M. Gardner, 1867. 

Livery Stables — C. S. Austin, 1877 ; Moses Benson, 1877. 

Creamery — Moore & Session. 

EDUCATIONAL. 

Prior to 1863, a small building east of the town was used for school pur- 
poses, but in that year a small frame school house was built on Lots 307 and 
317, by T. F. Ilorton and Gilmore Engle. The first school in the new school 
house was taught by Mr. J. D. Eddy. 

RELIGIOUS. 

First Baptist Church. — This church was organized in January. 1865, at the 
house of D. Greaves, by Rev. J. Carrington. Its membership was as follows : 
Francis Robinson, George Chamberlain, Mercy Chamberlain, Clarissa Wood, 
Mary Phillips, Marcella C ]*)Oon, D. M. Root. Soon after, twelve more were 
received, and Joseph S. Hunt and Richard Boon were elected Deacons. In 
1866, the Society determined to erect a church building, and appointed R. 
Phillips, D. Greaves and George Chamberlain a Building Committee. Tlie 
building was completed and dedicated as a house of worship in 1867, the dedi- 
catory services being conducted by Rev. Milton Whitehead. The present Pas- 
tor is Rev. H. D. Weaver; Deacons, J. S. Hunt and Richard Boon; Directors, 
K. lioon. C. S. Harvey and Delos Gillespie. 





toy? 



^^yfx^ 



HOPKINTON 



HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 529 

Methodist Episcopal Church. — Organized in the school house with seven 
members, in 1866, by Rev. Mr. Thompson. The first class leader was R. 
Oould ; Trustees, D, M. Smith, President ; J. Meader, Secretary, and C. S. 
Austin. The Methodist Church was erected in 1876 ; dedicated March 18, 
1877, by Rev. D. Sheffer, D. D. Present Pastor, Rev. E. Ketchum ; Trus- 
tees, D. M. Smith, J. Meader and B. Enos. Membership, thirty-five. 

PATRONS OF HUSBANDRY. 

Delaware Grange, No. 9S0, P. of H., organized Feb. 24, 1873. Charter 
members, C. S. Austin, VVm. Horsnell, K. W. Kingsley, J. S. Hunt, Delos 
Gillespie, M. F. Hunt, L. E. Beebe, William Ball, C. B. Lont, R. Boon, Mrs. 
M. A. Boon, Mrs. C. D. Kingsley, Mrs. M. F. Gillespie, Geo. W. Long, Mrs. 
Mary Hunt, Mrs. Harriet Lont, M. Pierce, S. Horsnell, E. Mandeville, John 
Meader, Mrs. Jane Horsnell, Mrs. Cornelia Hunt, Mrs. Belinda Austin and 
Mrs. C. S. Beebe. The ofllicers were elected as follows : Master, William 
Ball ; Overseer, L. E. Beebe ; Lecturer, K. W, Kingsley ; Steward, M. Pierce ; 
Treasurer, R. Boon ; Secretary, C. B. Lont ; Ceres, Mrs. C S. Beebe ; Pomona, 
Mrs. C. D. Kingsley ; Flora, Mrs. Mary Hunt. 

Masters, William Ball, 1873-4-5 ; C. B. Lont, 1876-7-8 ; Overseers, L. 
E. Beebe, 1873 ; C. B. Lont, 1874-5 ; M. F. Hunt, 1876 ; C. T. Fitzsimmons, 
1877-8. 

The officers for 1878 are : Master, C. B. Lont : Overseer, C. T. Fitzsim- 
mons ; Lecturer, George H. McKee ; Steward, M. Pierce ; Assistant Steward, 
R. Lampson ; Chaplain, J. S. Hunt; Treasurer, J. G. Angell; Secretary, Wm. 
Ball ; Gate Keeper, William Horsnell; Ceres, Mrs. C. B. Lont ; Pomona, Mrs. 
C. T. Fitzsimmons ; Flora, Mrs. Wm. H. Long ; Lady Assistant Steward, Mrs. 
Jane Horsnell. Present membership, thirty -four. 

I. 0. OF G. T. 

Delaware Lodge, No. 2;39, I. 0. of G. T., was instituted December 14, 
1877, in the Methodist Cliurch, by Rev. S. Knickerbocker, with thirty-eight 
charter members. The first officers elected and installed were : Rev. H. D. 
Weaver, W. C. T. ; Mrs. M. A. Chapel, W. V. T. ; H. A. Hollister, W. R. S.; 
Miss Rosa Austin, W. F. S. ; M. F. Hunt, W. T. ; 11. L Wasson, W. M. ; 
Mrs. R. Phelps, W. C. ; Miss Libbie Collins, W. I. G. ; C. M. Austin, P. W. 

C. T. ; Wm. Wasson, W. L. D. The officers. May, 1878, are Rev. H. D. 
Weaver, W. C. T. ; Mrs. M. Chapel, W. V. T. ; Geor^^e W. Hunt, W. R. S. ; 
Rosa Austin, W. F. S. ; M. F. Hunt, W. T. ; Mrs. R. Boon, W. C. ; George 

D. Fanner, W. M. ; Miss Flora Kratzer, W. I. G. ; Wm. Thompson, W. 0. G. 
Present membership, sixty-three. 

A. 0. OF u. w. 

Oneida Lodge, No. 69, A. 0. of U. W., was instituted March 27, 1876, in 
Boon's Hall, by W. H. Hohnan, with twenty-four charter members. First 
officers were: I. A. Stringham, M. W. ; David Greaves, P. M. W. ; J. S. 
Knowles, F. ; William W. Hefner, 0. ; Joseph Simons, Recorder ; Chailes 
Carlin, Financier; D. Brown, Receiver; C. P. Dunton, G. Present 
officers: W. M. Hefner, M. W. ; I. A. Stringham, P. M. W. ; A. Knicker- 
bocker, F. ; J. F. Sisson, 0. ; F. Marshall, Recorder ; J. S. Knowles, Receiver ; 
D. J. Paris, Financier; Hiram D. Brown, G. 



530 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 

OTHER ORGANIZATIONS. 

The Delaivare Cheese Company was organized April, 1866, William M,. 
Hefner, President; A. A. Enos, Vice President; J. A. Garfield, Treasurer; K. 
W. Kincsley, Secretary. A large building was erected and the factory wa& 
successfully' operated by the company until 1871, when it exchanged the 
property for a farm, and James. P. Ball became proprietor, who continued the 
business about a year, when the building passed into the ownership of J. S. 
Knowles and was converted into a stable. 

The Delaware Manufacturmg Cowz^aw?/ organized July, 1866, with a paid- 
up capital of ^4,000, for the purpose of erecting a planing-mill. The manage- 
ment of the aftairs of the company was vested in a Board of Directors, of which 
L. E. Beebe was President ; J. S. Knowles, Secretary, and R. Boon, Treas- 
urer. Town Lots 1^80 to 286 and 522 to 540 inclusive were purchased ; the mill 
was built and commenced operation January 1, 1867. In 1870, the experiment 
was pronounced a failure, and the property was sold to L. E. Beebe. In 
March, 1875, Mr. Beebe removed the machinery and converted the building 
into a creamery, at an expense of about $1,400; and during that year, 14,000 
pounds of butter were made by John Stewart and L. E. Beebe. In 1876-7, 
Mr. Beebe managed the business alone ; but in 1878, leased the premises to- 
Messrs. Moore & Sisson. 

The Delaware Improvement Company was organized March 14, 1874, with 
a paid-up capital of $4,000, for the purpose of developing the resources of the 
town. The corporators were: Richard Boon, J. S. Knowles, I. E. Eldredge, 
B. M. Gardner, J. P. Ball, Ira Mallory, J. W. Bateman, J. H. Brown, C. 
Nietert, Wm. M. Hefner, T. F. Horton, D. Greaves, L. E. Beebe, J. S. Paris, 
William Ball, E. L. Meader, William Horsnell, William Wasson, Mary Hefner 
and Ann M. Wilcox. 

The first Board of Trustees were : L. E. Beebe, Josiah Deiley and R. Boon. 
J. II. BroAvn. Secretary and Treasurer. 

The company built a two-story brick building, in which the Grange store 
was opened on the first floor, with a hall in the second story, now known as 
" Boon's Hall." The present members are: R. Boon, Rev. W. M. Hefner, L. 
E. Beebe ; J. H. Brown, Secretary and Treasurer. 

GREELEY. 

{Elk Township.) 

The date of the first settlements made in Township 90, Range 4, are some- 
what uncertain, but from the best and most reliable information now accessible, it 
appears that Richard T. Barrett was one of the first to locate in this township, 
on the prairie on the east side of the township, piior to 1842. He was one of 
the first tax-payers in 1842, and paid $4, indicating that he had been here 
some time when the tax was assessed. 'Squire Stancliife was among the earliest 
setth-rs. He located on Section 1. He was one of the first Justices of the 
Peace in the township, as was also Benjamim Laken. 

About 1846, James Stalnaker and McLain located on Section 29. 

Stalnaker built a log cabin nearly half a mile east of the present town of 
Greeley, on the old Territorial road from Dubuque to Camp Atkinson. These 
men remained but a short time, and in 1847 sold their claim to Samuel 

Lough. Grant Stebbins and Balch located here about the same time. 

Afterward, Elias Hutton settled near Lough on the same section, near a spring 
which is one of the sources of Plum Creek, hence called Plum Spring. 



HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 531 

October 30, ] 844, a post oflfice was established at this point, sailed Plum 
Spring, and Elias Hutton appointed Postmaster. The office was kept in a 
building now removed, which stood a little south of the town plat. 

In the Fall of 1854, Charles S. Taylor built a house about half a mile east 
of Mr. Lough's, it is said with the understanding that a town was to be laid out 
there. This was the first house erected on the town plat, which was surveyed 
March 24, 1855, by J. A. Marvin, Samuel Lough proprietor. Mr. Lough was 
an ardent admirer of Horace Greeley, and named the new town in honor of the 
Tribune philosopher. At this time, the question of locating the Dubuque & 
Pacific Railroad through the county was agitating the people, and the founder 
of Greeley hoped that if Delhi should lose it the road might be located further 
north, near the line of the military road, and that the incipient town of Greeley 
might become a station for that railroad. 

Early in March, William Cattron purchased Taylor's house, and took a deed 
of Lots 5 and 6, Block 1, from Mr. Lough, which was the first sale of lots in the 
new town. The Taylor House was on Lot 5, and Mr. Cattron built a store on 
Lot 6, immediately after his arrival, and opened a stock of goods in it as soon 
as it could be finished. 

Next after Mr. Cattron, J. B. Taylor, H. C. Drybread, Miss Lizzie White 
and others, built houses on this plat. 

In 1863, the name of the post office was changed to Greeley. The town, 
however, did not increase in population very rapidly for some years, until the 
location of the Davenport & St. Paul Railroad was made, in 1870-71, passing 
about fifteen rods south of the original town plat. The railroad was completed 
in 1873. In 1872, Horace White built the White House, the first hotel in 
Greeley ; but for several years previous to this time, i\.bram Parliman had kept 
tavern at his farm house on the Lough farm, east of the town. In 1873, Dr. 
M. Blodgett built the Blodgett House. 

The completion of the railroad was of material advantage to Greeley, o-ave 
it a new impetus, and it is now a thriving village ol several hundred inhabitants. 

EDUCATIONAL. 

A school house was built by subscription on the southwest corner of north- 
east quarter of Section 30. This is said to have been the first school house in 
the township. The first school in this house was taught by Emma Wood. The 
first school house in Greeley, then Sub-district No. 2, was built by C. S. Taylor, 
contractor, on the southwest quarter of the northeast quarter of Section 29, 
and was completed in the Spring of 1857, and the first school was immediately 
commenced by —— . This building is still standing, but is unused. 

April 11, 1875, the Independent School District of Greeley was organized. 
The officers then elected were H. C. Drybread, L. H. Keyes, George Griffith, 
Directors. At the meeting of the Board, held on the same day, H. C. Dry- 
bread was elected President; L. H. Keyes, Secretary, and James Wilson, 
Treasurer. Soon after, plans and specifications by B. F. Morgan, for the new 
school house, were accepted, and the contract for its erection awarded to Jerome 
Baker July 4, 1875, who completed it that Fall. School was opened the same 
season, with two teachers, D. A. Ham, Principal, and Jennie R. Carter, Assist- 
ant. The present teachers are G. H. Odell, Principal, and Alice L. Waite, 
Assistant. 

RELIGIOUS. 

The Universalist Society/ was organized Dec. 28, 1865, at the residence of 
J. Baker. C. S. Taylor was elected President ; L. H. Keyes, Clerk ; J. S. 



o32 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 

Drybread, W. D. Jenkins, T. J. Armstrong, Lemuel Parker and Joseph 
Vauc^han, Trustees ; M. Jenkins, Collector. The society built a church in 
1868 ; C'. S. Taylor, contractor. The present Trustees are J. S. Drybread, J. 
Baker, Benjamin Pinkley ; C. S. Taylor, Clerk; James Pinkley, Treasurer. 
Rev. Joy Bishop was the first Pastor. The pulpit is now occupied every alter- 
nate Sabbath by Rev. J. N. Hicks, of Strawberry Point. 

Christian Church. — This church is older than the town of Greeley, having 
been organized at the " Cooper School House," two miles east of the town, 
June 15, 1851, Rev. John Martindale, Pastor, and members as follows: Mrt 
and Mrs. H. C. Drybread, James Roe, Mrs. J. Roe, David Martindale, Robert 
Overocker and Job Gildersleeve. After some additional members had been 
admitted. Job Odell and John Fosselman Avere chosen Elders, and E. Hutton 
and S. Talcott, Deacons. The services of this church were held in school and 
private houses until 1867, when the society erected the church building it now 
occupies. The Rev. and venerable John Martindale, after over twenty-five 
years of fiiithful service and devotion to the interests of the church, was at 
last compelled by the infirmities of age to resign his position. Since then the 
pulpit has been occupied in turn by Rev. W. M. Roe, John Eucell, and by Rev. 
John Smith, the present Pastor. The present Elders are Job Odell, John 
Fosselman and Augustus Davis ; Deacons, H. C. Drybread, Dr. M. C. Cannon, 
Elias Way, David Martindale and L. B, Sargent. 

The Catholic Church at Greeley was built in 1874. The first services were 
held by Rev. M. Quirk, May, 1875. Father Quirk remained until October, 
when he was succeeded by Rev. B. Coyle, who continued until the Winter of 
1877-8. Rev. John Hackett is the present officiating Priest. 

MASONIC. 

Tadmer Lodge, No. 325, A., F. and A. M., was instituted U, D. November 
15, 1867, by P. M. W. H. Neitert, in Baker's Hall. Charter granted June 
3, 1868. The first officers elected and installed were J. H. Neitert, W. M. ; 
W. D. Jenkins, S. W. ; John Drybread, J. W. ; John Corell, Treas. ; Luther 
H. Keyes, Sec. ; Jerome Baker, S. D. ; Timothy Baker, J. D. ; Lewis Wells, 
Tyler. 

OSicers for 1878: H. R. Lillibridge, W. M. ; A.L. Baldwin, S. W. ; 
James Fowler, J. W. ; John Edmunds, Treas. ; C. Engel, Sec. ; J. M. Jen- 
kins, S. D. ; B. Pinkley, J. D. ; S. H. Seeley, Tyler. Present membership, 44. 

A. 0. OF u. w. 

^■' Greeley Lodge, No. —, A. 0. of U. TT.— Instituted April 28, 1876, by 
W. H. Holman, D. D., in Redden's Hall, with twelve charter members. The 
first officers were L. H. Keyes, M. W. ; Charles Taylor, P. M. W. ; J. Baker, 
F. ; James Wilson, 0. ; C. Engel, Rec. ; J. M. Potts, Financier; William Red- 
den, Receiver; J. P. James, G. ; J. Martin, I. W. ; A. Alamand, 0. W. 

Meetings weekly in Masonic Hall since May, 1877. 

Present officers : C. Engel, P. M. W. ; W. C. McCannon, M. W. ; J. P. 
James, F. ; T. B. Campbell, 0. ; J. Baker, G. ; S. B. Gilmore, Recorder ; J. 
Wilson, Receiver. 

BUSINESS OF 1878. 

General Merchandise. — S. B. Gilmore k Bro., 1877 ; Drybread & Co., 
1S75: James Wilson, 1873. 



HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 533 

Hardware. — J. P. James, 1876. 

Boots and Shoes. — Jenkins & Burbridge, 1878. 

Druggists and Apothecaries. — L. E. Ward, 1872 ; J. B. Robison, 1875. 

Agricultural Implemeiits. — James & Vaughn. 

Meat Market.— E. L. Sweet, 1873. 

Harness Maker. — Thomas Evans, 1874. 

Cahinet Maker. — Jerome Baker. 

Blacksmiths.— Y). Ferguson, 1876 ; N. G. Wells, 1876. 

Hotels. — Greeley House. M. Blodgett, proprietor, 1873 ; White House, H. 
White, proprietor, 1872. 

Elevator. — Greeley Elevator, H. C. Drybread, proprietor, built 1872 ; 
capacity, 12,000 bushels. 

Brass Band. — Greeley Cornet Orchestra, George Drybread, Leader ; organ- 
ized 1878. 

Notary Public. — M. Blodgett. 

Physicians. — William F. Davis, Dr. McCannon. 

COLESBURG AND COLONY. 

{Colony Toionship.) 

The early history of the " C(*lony," which for years was one of the most 
important points in Delaware, is included in the General History of the County 
and need not be repeated here, save to record some additional information re- 
ceived since that portion of the work went to press. 

There is a tradition that years before Gilmore, Moreland and others came, in 
1839, some hunters and trappers named Van Sickle, had a trapper's cabin on 
or near the present sites of the towns of Colesburg and Colony. It is said that 
the Van Sickles lived among the Indians and one of them had an Indian wife, 
which was not an unfrequent occurrence among the early trappers. Nor would 
it be strange if this were true. Julien Dubuque settled near the mouth of 
Catfish Creek in 1788, and it is but reasonable to suppose that white trappers 
and hunters traversed these prairies long before the first settlements were made. 
It is also stated that when Mr. Morelands colony came, in 1839, there came 
with him, besides McMullen, McQuilkin and Reckner, three Bedford families, 
but they did not remain long. 

Lawrence McNamee came in 1842, and purchased the claim of Wellington 
Wiltse, on Section 4, Township 90 north. Range 3 west. This is said to have 
been the first transfer of real estate in the township. The price paid was |1,000, 
a large price for forty acres, when land equally as good could be bought for 
$1.25 per acre, but it was the only land that could then be bought near which 
there were school advantages. 

Elizabeth Landis died in February 1843, and was the first death in this 
settlement. The first white child born in the Colony settlement was Annis L. 
Mallory, daughter of Horace Mallory, October 5, 1839, but this Avas in Clayton 
County. 

In 1846, Colony post office was established and David Moreland appointed 
Postmaster. 

August 15, 1848, the town of Colesburg was laid out, consisting of thirty 
lots. The proprietors were Lawrence McNamee and Hiram Cole ; James Cole, 
Surveyor ; and the plat is recorded " Cole's Burgh." The town is located on 
the northeast quarter and part of the northwest quarter of Section 4. Directly 
south of Cole's Burgh, and adjoining it, the town of Colony was laid out in 



534 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 

1851, by David Moreland. These, although legally two towns, are practically 
but one, the main street running through the center of each. But the post 
office has been changed several times from Colony to Colesburg and vice versa. 

It is stated that in the early years of the Colony settlement, David More- 
land had some traps stolen by a squad of scalawags from Clayton County. 
Moreland and Missouri Dickson started oif in pursuit and succeeded in 
overhauling the thieves.' Before reaching the gang, however, Missouri told 
Moreland he wanted to settle with the gang himself, and that if Moreland 
interfered, he should be under the necessity of thrashing him. Missouri got 
the traps. 

The first building erected on the site of Colesburg was built by Hiram Cole 
in 184(3, in which he opened the first store after Beerer, who had then left. 

Mrs. Bliss says that Mr. John Bliss tracked three animals, he supposed were 
bears, into a cave north of Colesburg, in 1849. He boldly entered the cavern, 
but instead of bears found three panthers. " He was mad," says Mrs. Bliss; 
" he had bargained the bears for f 15.00 and he could not bear the disappoint- 
ment." He killed the panthers, however, and received his pay all the same. 

About this time, Drake Nelson was found dead on the upper part of Elk 
Creek. 

In 1851, Jacob B. Moreland erected a building in Colony and opened a 
store in 1851. He kept a full assortment of all kinds of goods wanted in the 
country. He built up a large trade, which he continued to hold for many years, 
until he became tired of being so closely confined to business and sold out and 
retired to his farm, where he would have little to do but oversee his place and 
enjoy the wealth with which he had been so bountifully blest, and doing what 
he could to make others happy. 

Mr. P. C. Bolsinger opened a general store in 1852, and is still in 
business. 

John V. Watson was the first lawyer to settle at Colesburg, date unknown. 

Samuel G. Knee located here in 1855 and engaged in business as a carpen- 
ter and builder ; enlisted as a private in the war of the rebellion ; came out 
Lieutenant Colonel and engaged in trade. 

In 1857, Bolsinger & Moreland built a steam flouring-mill, which, in 1867, 
was purchased by James Caskey and James Cole, and subsequently Cole sold 
his interest to Michael Stegner. In 1874, Mr. Stegner died and Mr. Caskey 
became sole proprietor. This mill is what, in miller's parlance, is called a " two 
run" mill, and its capacity is about fifty barrels a week. 

The Colesburg pottery was built by David Roberts, in 1857. The building 
was destroyed by fire in 1859, but was rebuilt in the same year, when E. Jones 
became the owner. Afterward it was purchased by Stegner & Stillinger, who 
sold to F. A. Grimes and R. C. Currie, the present proprietors, about 1871. 
Grimes & Co. have made many valuable improvements. 

The clay obtained here is peculiarly adapted to this kind of business. Wood 
is obtained in abundance at very low figures. In a word, they have all the 
faoilities for manufacturing a superior article as cheap as any factory in the 
country. They employ ((uite a number of men. Very fine patterns of differ- 
ent kinds of hanging baskets, jelly cups, bowls and other articles too numerous 
to mention, all of which are very ably designed and perfect in finish are made 
at this establishment. The proprietors intend to manufacture 100,000 flower 
pots during 1S78. 

Dr. R. Stedman established a cheese factory at Colesburg, about 1873, which 
was successfully operated until 1877, when it was suspended. 



HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 535 

EDUCATIONAL. 

The first school house in the county was unquestionably built at the " Col- 
ony," near the present site of Colesburg, but there are some differences of 
opinion in relation to the precise date of its erection. Jacob B. Moreland, Esq., 
states positively that a school house was built of logs in 1839 or 1840 ; that 
Mrs. McClelland taught the first school in the Fall ; that the building was 
burned about two months after school commenced ; that Mrs. McClelland after- 
ward taught school in James Cole's cabin, and that in 1842 another school house 
was built in which Maria Phillips taught the first school in the Summer of that 
year. Hon. Joel Bailey's field notes of the survey of the school house lot of 
one acre, April 8, 1842, is the only record to be found relating to the matter. 
Judge Bailey states that he distinctly recollects a house built of round logs that 
was standing on that lot when he made the survey, and he thinks it must have 
heen built at least a year previous. Lawrence McNamee, Esq., and Silas Gil- 
more, Esq., concur in the statement that the first school house was built in 1842 
of hewed logs, and that Miss Phillips taught the first school in it, that Summer ; 
that Mrs. McClelland taught in the same house in the Summer of 1843, and 
that she did not apply for the school until that time ; that in the Winter of 
1843-4, William Hall commenced a school, but before the term closed the build- 
ing was burned, and Mr. Mallory's house, just over the line in Clayton County, 
and, that from that time until another school house was erected in 1853, James 
Cole's cabin was used for school purposes, and was called the old school house. 

In the Summer of 1853, it is stated that a school house was built in the 
Colesburg District by Augustus H. Mallory, contractor. In 1872, the present 
commodious school house was erected by Messrs. Bolsinger k Knee, in which 
John Kennedy was the first teacher. It is a fine graded school, and only first 
class teachers are employed. In May, 1878, the teachers were A. G. Savage, 
Principal, and Maggie Myers, Assistant. 

RELIGIOUS. 

The " Colony " is entitled to the honor of the first religious services in the 
county, in 1839, when Simeon Clark, a worthy and eccentric man, and an 
earnest exhorter of the Methodist persuasion. His principal occupation was 
that of bee hunter, but while hunting for honey, he neglected no opportunity 
for exercising his gift, and in 1839 held religious services at the " Colony " — 
s6me authorities state in a log cabin occupied by several young men. The first 
ordained minister to preach in the township is said to have been Rev. Barney 
White. 

Congregational Church. — This church was organized December 5, 1846, by 
Rev. James Hill, in the old school house (J. Cole's cabin). The members were 
J. A. Reed, John W. Potts, David Malvin, Mrs. Eliza Potts, Catharine Malvin, 
Mary Black, Samuel Malvin and Sarah Malvin. At this meeting, J. A. Reed 
was elected Moderator : J. W. Potts, Scribe (?) ; David Malvin and J. W. Potts, 
Trustees ; D. Malvin, Clerk. The first Pastor was Rev. J. Hill, who remained 
until 1847, when he was succeeded by Rev. E. V. Turner. 

Having determined to build a church, on the 20th of May, 1848, John Brown, 
Samuel Malvin and John F. Schunk were appointed a building committee to 
superintend its erection. The building was located on Main street, about two 
blocks north of the post office. The building was erected in 1848-9 ; was com- 
pleted and dedicated by Rev. E. V. Turner, November 3, 1849. Mr. Turner 
retired from the pastorate in 1854, and was succeeded by the Rev. M. Graves, 
followed by Revs. Parlen and Mathews and Amos Jones, the present Pastor. 



536 HISTORY OF DELAAVARE COUNTY. 

The old church building was sold in the Spring of 1867, to James M. Potts^ 
who converted it into a dwelling house. It is now occupied by the Misses Jacks 
as a millinery store. The Society rented the Cumberland Church, and occupied 
it until November, 1875. Jurfe 19, 1874, the Society determined to erect a new 
church, and appointed John D. Knee, Joseph Chapman, Bruce F. Cuniken, 
William Gilmore, Samuel Peck and P. S. Malvin a building committee. The 
building was completed and dedicated November 14, 1875, by the Pastor, Rev. 

E. L. Mathews. Rev. Mr. Jones, the present Pastor, assumed charge of the 
parish July 1, 1876. 

The Methodist Episcopal Church was organized in the school house near where 
Colesburg now stands, in the Fall of 1842, by Rev. Barney White, assisted by 
Rev. Simoon Clark. Thomas Cole (deceased) was first Class Leader, and John 
Nagle and Missouri Dickson, Stewards. The first Board of Trustees were 
George Gilmore, Henry Klaus, William Bragg, Hezekiah Hubbard and Perry 
Perkins. In 1849, Rev. John L. Kelly was Pastor. The present church edi- 
fice was built in 1849, and dedicated in the Fall of that year by Rev. Geo. B. 
Bowman, and Rev. George Larkin became Pastor. The present Pastor, Rev. C. 

F. McLean, took charge October, 1877. Present Trustees, Thomas Cole, Perry 
Perkins, W. S. Page, I. N. Lockridge and E. L. McNamee. 

The first M. E. Sunday School in connection with the church was organized 
in the Summer of 1850, with Perry Perkins as Superintendent. Present Super- 
intendent, Rev. E. L. McNamee. 

TJie Catholic Churchy at Colesburg, built a church in April, 1857, during 
the pastorate of Rev. Michael Lynch. Another and the present one was erected 
in the Summer of 1877, Rev. Bernard Coyle, Pastor. 

T.he Cumberland Presbyterian Church was built in 1859, and a congrega- 
tion organized in March, 1860, with Rev. P. H. Crides as Pastor, and C. Bol- 
singer, T. S. Davidson and P. C. Bolsinger, Trustees. Number of members^ 
seventeen ; Elders, three. Succession of Pastors : Revs. L. L. Lorrimer, -J. 
H. Milholland, J. H. Todd, B. Hall and S. M. Hunt. 

I. 0. or 0. F. 

Colony Lodge, 'No. 50, I. 0. of 0. F., was organized L^. D. August 17. 1853^, 
by Alexander D. Anderson, G. M. The charter members of the lodge were S. 
T. Dickson, Jacob B. Moreland, George W. Bush, John W. Strader, and Alonzo 
H. Mallory. 

The officers elected and installed September 16, 1853, were Jacob B. More- 
land, N. G.; John W. Strader, V. G.; George W. Bush, Secretary ; Samuel T. 
Dickson, Treasurer; John R. Jones, I. G.; A. H. Mallory, P. G. 

Officers installed, January 1, 187"^, were John C. Wood, N. G.; Benjamin 
Lindsay, V. G.; W. Chapman, Sec'y; C. A. Tobie, P. S.; Joseph Grimes, Treas.; 
J. K. P. Bolsinger, 0. G.; Charles Westbrook, I. G.: James Knee, W.; T. J. 
Lockridge, Con.; F. C. Nichols, R. S.; George Dickson, L. S. to N. G.; James 
Prentice, R. S. and A. W. Rea, L. S. to V. G. Meetings every Saturday night. 

MASONIC. 

Constellation Lodge, No. 67, A., F. ^ A. M., organized U. D. August 22, 
1855. The charter members were Israel Otis, J. A. Kooker, A. H. Eaton, P. C. 
Bolsinger, Levi Shepard, D.G. Kindell, J. W. Clark, J.Wright and J. Mc Williams. 
Israel Otis was installed W. M.; J. A. Hooker, S. W.; A. H. Eaton, J. W. 

The officers for 1878 are S. G. Knee, W. M.; T. E. Everett, S. W.; R. C. 
Currie, J. W.; J. B. Jacobs, Sec'y ; P. C. Bolsinger, Treas.; Thomas Lockridge, 



HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 537 

S. D.; Amandus Rea, J. D.; G. W. Rea, Tiler: Steward Adams, S.; John 
Piatt. 

I. 0. OF U. W. 

Banner Lodge, No. ISJf, A. 0. of U. W.. was instituted November 2, 1877, 
in Odd Fellows' Hall, with fifteen charter members. The first officers were John 
Piatt, P. M. W.; J. B. Jacobs, M. W.; F. A. Grimes, F.; J. B. Bush, 0.; R. C. 
Currie, Recorder ; E. R. Latta, Financier ; Richard Wilson, Receiver ; William 
Creglow, G.; J. D. Kerchheck, I. W.; D. A. Page, 0. W.; R. C. Currie, J. B. 
Bush, E. R. Latta, Trustees. 

Present officers : F. A. Grimes, M. W.; J. B. Bush, F.; Amos Jones, 0.; R. 
C Currie, Recorder ; Wm. Creglow, Financier ; R. Wilson, Receiver ; E. L. 
McNamee, G.; J. D. Kirchheck, I. W.; G. A. Mueller, 0. W.; J. B. Bush, E. 
R. Latta, E. L. McNamee, Trustees. 

THE FIRST ELECTION. 

The first election in Colony Precinct was held on the first Monday in Au- 
gust, 1841, when the people voted for location of the county seat and for county 
officers. 

.The Judges of the Election were appointed by the Dubuque County Com- 
missioners, and were David Moreland, Thomas Cole and Missouri Dickson. 

There are no records now accessible to show the number of votes thrown at 
this election. 

At the next general election, on the first Monday in August, 1842, Ezra 
Hubbard, David Moreland and Wm. Montgomery were Judges of Election. 

It cannot now be ascertained how many voters exercised the right of suffrage, 
as the poll books are lost, if indeed any were kept. At the election it is said 
that William Montgomery was elected Justice of the Peace and James Ruther- 
ford, Constable. 

BUSINESS INTERESTS OF COLESBURG AND COLONY, 1878. 

Attorney, J. Chapman, 1852. Blacksmiths, W. S. Adams, 1854 ; Oliver P. 
DeLong, 1869. Carriage Maker, C. E. Schaffer, 1868. Druggists, T. Cole, 
1872. Dry Goods and Notions, S. G. Knee, 1866 ; T. Cole, 1849 ; P. C. Bol- 
singer, 1851. Millinery, Misses Jacks, 1871. Harness Shop, T. F. Lockridge,. 
1870. Flouring-mill, J. Caskey, 1865. Undertaker, L N. Lochridge, 1872. 
Furniture, D. Knee, 1870. Hardware, J. V. Bush, 1875 ; Wilson & Chapman, 
1876. Hotel, Centennial Hotel, by Benj. Funk, 1876. Physicians, Dr. R. 
Steadman, 18 — ; Dr. C. A. Toby; Dr. Averitt ; Dr. Way. Saw mill, Hol- 
scher & Prentiss, 1876. 

HOPKINTON. 

{South Fork Totonship.) 

About March 1, 1838, Thomas Nicholson built a cabin on Section 13^ 
Township 87, Range 4 (now South Fork Township), and with his family lived 
therein for a year or a little over, when he sickened and died, in March, 1839. 
His widow was lonely and indisposed to endure the hardships of pioneer life, 
and when Leroy Jackson came to the place in March, 1840, and proposed to 
buy her claim, she assented with alacrity. Jackson asked the Nicholson family 
to give him the metes and bounds of his new farm, to which they answered 
they were selling him ''all he could see." Mr. Jackson returning to Dubuque, 



538 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 

during the Summer, persuaded Henry A. Carter to join him, which he did. 
Jackson returned to his Nicholson purchase, with his family, in November, 1840. 
Durinw the Winter, he built a hewed log house for Carter, who moved into it in 
Marclu 1841. 

Sarah B. Carter, daughter of Henry A. Carter, was the first white child born 

in this locality in 1841. In pi'ocess of time, she became the wife of Hale, 

Surgeon U. S. A. Mrs. H. Carter died in 1844, the second death, Mr. 
Nicholson being the first. The second birth was that of Henry C. Jackson, in 
1844. Mr. Jackson is now Recorder of Delaware County. 

Mr. Carter secured the mill privilege on the Maquoketa and Mr. Jackson the 
one on Plum Oeek, two miles distant, both erecting saw-mills in 1844, and the 
settlement progressed so rapidly that they laid out the town of Hopkinton in 
1850. 

In 1855, a wood number of the Western home-seekers found their way to 
Hopkinton. 

In 1856, more settlers came than could be well accommodated at that time. 
About this time. Rev. W. L. Roberts, D. D., a very able and noted divine of the 
^'Covenanter" faith, located at this point, and through his influence many 
members of his denomination came and settled, not only in Hopkinton, but on 
the surrounding prairies within scope of his preaching. 

Bowen Collegiate Institute was located and established in the year 1865, 
deriving its name from C. T. Bowen, Esq., of Chicago, who made a very liberal 
donation toward its establishment. Prof. Allen, of Dubuque, was its first 
Principal, and continued in that capacity for several years. [See Educational.] 

During the flood in the Maquoketa, June 27, 1865, the saw-mill at South 
Hopkinton was moved from its foundation, and the bridge spanning the river 
washed away. 

POLITICAL RECORD. 

The town of Hopkinton was incorporated in March, 1874. The election 
was held in Lathrop's Hall, on the 3d of March, and 132 votes were cast, of 
which 92 were for incorporation and 39 against. The first officers elected were 
as follows: Mayor, Isaac Smith; Recorder, John A. M. Hall ; Trustees, James 
McArthur, H. A. Carter, James T. Williamson and G. H. Crawford, all of 
whom qualified. The first ordinance passed was entitled, " An ordinance to 
create the offices of Marshal, Treasurer and Street Commissioner, and to pro- 
vide for their election." 

The second was " An ordinance regulating licenses," and provided that no 
person should sell any goods, wares or merchandise, horses or other animals, or 
any other property at auction within the corporate limits, without a license, and 
fixed the penalty at $5, and excepted any sale made by Marshal or Constable 
through legal process. It also provided that no person or persons should open, 
keep or exhibit any theater, circus or exhibition of any kind, charging admit- 
tance fee, without first obtaining a license for the same, the penalty being fixed 
at not less than ^5, or more than $20, excepting sacred concerts, literary or 
scientific exhibitions or lectures. 

At a meeting of the Council, April 3, 1874, an ordinance was passed mak- 
ing the corporate town of Hopkinton a separate road district, and authorized 
the Marshal to supervise said streets and roads, and to collect the road poll-tax. 

Ordinance No. 4, "An ordinance for the protection of the public peace," 
provided for the punishment by fine of any person breaking the peace, or in- 
juring or defacing signs, fences, awnings, or other property situated within the 
limits of said corporation. 



HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 539 

Ordinance No. 5, " An ordinance to define the powers and duties of the 
Town Marshal," provided that he should search out and report any violation 
of the ordinances to the Mayor or some Justice of the Peace. It also impowered 
him to call upon any citizen .for assistance in arresting any law-breaker, and 
fixed a fine of not less than $5, or more than $20, on any citizen refusing to 
render such assistance. 

At a meeting of the Council, April 7, 1874, C. F. Shimeal was appointed 
Marshal; J. G. Diffenderfer, Street Commissioner; William H. Taylor, Treas- 
urer — fixing the bonds of the Marshal at $500, Street Commissioner same, and 
Treasurer $1,000. 

April 18th, "An ordinance to impose a tax on dogs," fixing the tax at $1 
upon each male dog and $2 upon each female dog, and any person failing to 
pay such tax was liable to a fine of not less than $1 or more than $5. It fur- 
ther provided that any person owning or keeping a female dog, and allowing 
her to run at large when in heat, should be liable to a fine of not less than $1 
or more than $5. 

April 25, 1874, P. H. Warner was appointed Street Commissioner, upon 
failure of J. G. Diffenderfer to qualify. 

May 5th, the Council passed an ordinance entitled, " An ordinance to im- 
pose a poll tax," making it incumbent upon every able-bodied resident of the 
town, personally or by a sufficient substitute, to work on the public highway 
(how long the record saith not), under the supervision of the Street Commis- 
sioner, and each man failing to do so was liable to have an extra day's labor 
imposed for each day's neglect to appear. 

July 13th, the Council passed ''An ordinance to prevent the discharge of 
firearms within the corporate limits of the town." 

In January, 1875, J. G. Diffenderfer was elected Assessor. 

At the second election, held at the Mayor's office, March 1, 1875, J. G. 
Diffenderfer was elected Mayor ; B. A. Barnes, Recorder ; J. G. Diff"enderfer, 
Street Commissioner; M. R. Harding, Assessor; I. P. Cramer, Marshal; P. 
H. Warner, P. H. Westcott, E. W. Harvey, Charles Lathrop and James L. 
Williamson, Trustees. 

March 12, 1875, by vote of Council, P. J. Wolcott was appointed Treas- 
urer. 

April 25, 1875, the Council imposed a tax of five mills per dollar on all tax- 
able property in the town, and passed a resolution allowing $1.50 for a man, 
and $3 per day for a man and team, in working out poll tax. 

For 1 876, Mayor, J. G. Diff"enderfer ; Recorder, William R. Williamson ; 
Trustees, G. H. Crawford, H. C. Merriam, J. T. Williamson, C. S. Barker and 
Charles Lathrop ; Assessor, S. G. Backus ; Street Commissioner, A. L. Bort ; 
Trea-surer, C. E. Merriam ; James Mc Arthur was appointed Marshal, 

October 30, 1876, on vote of the Council, Hugh Matthewson was appointed 
City Marshal. 

For 1877, Mayor, W. H. Martin : Recorder, James C. Campbell ; Trustees, 
W. P. Gerry, W. B. Morgan, G. H. Crawford, A. F. Kirkwood, James F. 
Williamson ; Assessor, P. D. Smith ; Street Commissioner, T. N. Williamson ; 
Treasurer, W. R. Williamson ; 0. C. Abbott was appointed Marshal. T. 
N. Williamson resigned, and J. G. Diff"enderfer was appointed to fill the 
vacancy. 

For 1878, Mayor, F. M. Earhart ; Recorder, James C. Campbell : Trustees, 
James T. Williamson, A. F. Kirkwood, W. P. Gerry, C. F. Shimeall, P. D. 
Smith : 0. C. Abbott was appointed Marshal. 



540 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 

BUSINESS or 1878. 
Banks, Exchange Bank of Hopkinton by F. N. Earhart, organized 1877. 
Hotel, Central House, by A. C. Tapping. General Stores, Barker & Camp- 
bell, 1877; C. E. Merriam k Co., 1866; J. H. Campbell, 1847. Boots and 
Shoes, Joe Bernhard, 1876; P. 0. Joseph, 1863; Drug Stores, Williamson 
& McBride, 1877 ; H. Livingston, 1874. Hardware, J. G. Wallace, 1872. 
Furniture, A. F. Kirkwood, 1865; A. Kirkwood, 1855. Undertaker, A. 
Kirkwood, 1854. Restaurant, Charles Abbott, 1877. Millinery, Misses M. 
& N. Dawson, 1876 ; Barker & Campbell, 1877. Harness and Saddlery, C. 
F. Shimeall. Notaries Public, P. H. Warner, 1868 ; M. Harmon, 1874 ; J. 
C. Campbell, 1877. Meat Market, C. E. Reeve, 1862. Flour Store, James 
McArthur. Blacksmiths, G. H. Crawford, 1861 ; W. P. Gerry, 1876 ; J. H. 
Williamson. 1878. Wagon Makers, John Dunlap, 18 — ; R. J. Schlemlein, 
1874; H. M. Pearce, 1876. Lumber, P. D. Smith, 1875. Livery Stables, 
Lough & King, 1875; N. Loop, 1877. Elevators — there are two, one built 
by Campbell, Williamson & Co., in 1873, present owner, J. T. Williamson ; 
the other was formerly at Sand Spring and moved here by John Stevenson in 
1863 : now in the hands of creditors. Photographers, Warner & Pearce. 
Surveyor, P. H. Warner. Physicians, W. H. Finley, 1859 ; P. Byam, 1865 ; 
Seth Byam, 1878; J. H. Warmouth, 1876. On September 6, 1867, the first 
freight shipped from Hopkinton was one car load of wheat, in Co. car 111, and 
consigned to Tyng & Brotherson, Peoria, 111. The first Station Master was A. 
F. Stickney, followed by W. E. Davis. 

INDEPENDENT SCHOOL DISTRICT OF HOPKINTON. 

The first school house built in this district was constructed of logs, and situ- 
ated at the edge of a small grove calle<l Scotch Grove, about midway between 
Hopkinton (then a small settlement) and the Scotch settlement, in order that 
children from both settlements could attend. It was put up by the settlers, who, 
in the Winter of 1849, hauled the logs and constructed the building themselves. 
The first teacher was a Miss Beard, from Vermont, who opened it about the 1st 
of May, 1849, and continued one term. She was followed by Mr. Wilson, who 
taught about one year. The building was then sold and the school removed to 
the village and kept in an old wagon shop until 1855. They then, by private 
subscription and the money received from the sale of the log building, built a 
small brick school house (the first brick house in the county),, the lot being 
donated by Mr. Jackson, and the structure built by Mr. Tate. The first teacher 
in this house was a Miss Eaton, from Vermont. ' In March, 1865, the district 
was organized by the election of the following oflficers : President, H. A. Car- 
ter ; Vice President, J. G. Diffenderfer ; Treasurer, Edmond Davis ; Secretary, 
A. Nash ; Directors, C. A. Bell, G. H. Crawford, G. Merriam. March 13th, 
they voted a tax of five mills on all taxable property in the district for school 
purposes. At that meeting, they appointed Messrs. G. Merriam, Leroy Jack- 
son and A. Nash a building committee, with instructions to have another school 
house completed by the 1st of October, 1865. But the committee, instead of 
budding, purchased the old Presbyterian Church for ^500. and made it into a 
school house. It stood on the lot adjoining the small brick school house, and 
was used as a higher grade school. These two constituted the school houses of 
the Indejjendent District until 1875, when they were both removed, and the 
Board of Directors, at an expense of nearly $7,000, erected a new brick build- 
ing on the two lots, and purchased one-half of an acre lot to add to the grounds. 



HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 541 

The building contains four school rooms, and employs four teachers. The first 
teacher was Prof. Coulter, Principal. 

CHURCHES. 

The Reformed Preshyteriayi. — About the year 1854, Mr. James Kilpatrick, 
with his family, settled at Hopkinton, but with faint hopes of seeing a congre- 
gation of Reformed Presbyterians growing up around him. A few others of the 
same church connection came, and the first sermon by a Reformed Presbyterian 
minister was preached by the Rev J. Neil, in April, 1855. An article pub- 
lished in the magazine of the church, setting forth the advantages to be gained 
in settling here, by those in the East, who were looking for Western homes, 
induced others to come. 

Dr. Roberts, once Pastor of a congregation in Baltimore, and afterward of 
a congregation in Sterling, New York, came to Hopkinton in the Fall of 1855. 
The following Spring, the congregation was organized with about twenty or 
twenty-five members. Messrs. VVhittaker and Gilmore were chosen Elders,' and 
James Kilpatrick, Deacon. Shortly after the congregation was organized, its 
numbers were increased by about half a dozen fxmilies from Canada, Dr. 
Roberts preached to the people until about the year 1851), when he was installed 
Pastor of the congregation. During these years, the congregation had no church 
building, but held their services in a school house. But continued increase and 
prosperity gave the people ability to erect a church, which was ready for occu- 
pancy in 1859. 

On December 7, 1864, Dr. Roberts, who had labored among this people 
since the organization of the congregation, was suddenly called away from earth 
to heaven. In his death, not only this church but the whole community suffered 
a great loss. 

After the death of Dr. Roberts, the congregation had no settled Pastor until 
1868, when D. H. Coulter, a young man of great promise, was ordained and 
installed as Pastor. Mr. Coulter continued in this pastorate until the Fall of 
1874, when he was released at his own request, having been called to another 
field of labor. 

On the 15th of June, 1875, R. C. Wylie, who had just completed his studies 
in the seminary, was ordained and installed Pastor of the congreofation. 

In the month of April, 1876, one of the most important events occurred in 
the whole history of the congregation. It is well known that this denomination 
is often called "Covenanter," from the fact that they hold the solemn league 
and covenant of Scotland, England and Ireland to be binding on those repre- 
sented in it, so far as it binds to moral duties. A covenant, embodying the 
principles held by this denomination, was prepared by a committee appointed 
by Synod, and was sworn and subscribed by Synod in May, 1871, and all con- 
gregations in the entire body were directed to do likewise. This act was done 
by the Hopkinton congregation in April, 1876, as before stated. We believe 
the effects of this deed have been good. At least there is more Christian life 
among the people and more Christian work is done than before. The congrega- 
tion now numbers 106 members. The ladies have a missionary society holdino- 
monthly meetings, consisting of twenty-five members. Thev have also organ- 
ized a ladies' prayer meeting, which meets weekly. 

The congregation has a Sabbath school, in which there are nine teachers and 
about one hundred and twenty-five scholars. 

The Presbyterian. — This church was organized with seven members by Rev. 
Prof Kerr, then of Dubuque, about the year 1855. Soon after its organiza- 



542 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 

tion, Rev. Merit Harmon became Pastor, and preached for some time. He was 
succeeded bv Jerome Allen, who held the position of Pastor of the church and 
Principal of Bowen (now Lenox) Collegiate Institute together for about ten 
years, and was succeeded by Rev. Samuel Hodge, who has officiated ever since 
until about a year ago, when the church, becoming able to support a minister 
independent of the school, engaged the services of Rev. T. M. Stevenson, under 
whose ministration the church has increased its membership to 140. Rev. Mr. 
Stevenson is the present Pastor. 

The church edifice is of brick, and is very tasty in appearance. The con- 
gregation is large and influential. 

Rev. M. Harmon, referred to above, is still living at Hopkinton in peace and 
quietude, almost at the end of life's journey, having reached the ripe age of 82, 
in possession of all his faculties. His age and long residence in the county 
entitle him to this paragraph of recognition. 

The Methodist Episeopal Church is under the charge of Rev. T. Thompson, 
who resides in Hopkinton, and has care of the church at Sand Spring also. 
The present church edifice was dedicated on Sunday, September 10, 1865, Rev. 
A. J. Kynett officiating. The attendance was very large. It is worthy of note 
that Rev. R. Swearingin was the first minister who preached to the people of 
Hopkinton. he being an itinerant in this county from 1850 to 1854. 

The Baptist Church was organized in 1859, and was cared for several years 
by Rev. James Kay, of Cascade. It is now dormant. 

MASONIC. 

Rising Sun Lodge, No. IS'7, A., F. and A. 31. — This Lodge was first organ- 
ized in Worthington, January 8, 1866, R. B. Dands, Master, and J. B. Bailey, 
Secretary. The Lodge was removed to Hopkinton in the early part of 1874, 
its first regular meeting at the latter place being held April 28, 1874. The 
first set of officers in Hopkinton were as follows : A. B. Wheelis, W. M. ; T. 
N. Williamson, S. W. ; C. Cook, J. W. ; H. N. Hendee, Secretary ; C. P. 
McCarty, S. D. ; L G. Quackenbush, J, D. ; Aaron Richardson, Tyler ; J. T. 
Davis, Treasurer. The present officers are as follows : C. E. Merriam, W. M. ; 
C. M. Shimeall, S. W. : N. E. Pearce, J. W. ; J. T. Davis, Treasurer ; J. J. 
Wallace, Secretary. 

A. 0. OF u. w. 

Hopkinton Lodge, No. 91, A. 0. of U. W., was organized January 20, 1877, 
the charter being issued to the following officers : H. C. Merriam, P. M. W. ; 
John Rush, Jr., M. W. ; G. II. Crawford, G. F. ; J. C. Kirkwood, 0. ; James 

C. Campbell, Recorder ; M. E. Spalding, Financier; J. H. Campbell, Receiver ; 

D. A. Tate, G. ; W. P. Gerry, I. W. ; E. W. Harvey, 0. W., and the following 
charter members : J. T. Williamson, W. H. Finlev, A. F. Kirkwood, Charles 
Lathrop, II. N. Hendee, J. R. Schlemlein, J. J.^ Wallace, A. Hamlin, C. E. 
Merriam, W. II. Taylor. The present officers are: John Rush, P. M. W. ; G 
H. Crawford, M. W. ; D. A. Tate, G. F. ; W. II. Taylor, 0.; C. F. Shim- 
eall, Recorder ; J. R. Schlemlein, Financier ; J. H. Campbell, Receiver ; A. 
F. Kirkwood, G. ; J. H. Lough, I. W. : E. L. Abbott, 0. W. 



HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 543 

SAND SPRING. 

{South Fork Township.) 

Sand Spring was laid out January 26, 1858, by T. H. Bowen and L. H. 
Langwortliy, who employed George Welch as surveyor. The Southwestern 
Railway Company had located their depot grounds in 1856, says T. H. Bowen. 
The Bowens owned a very large tract of land surrounding the site. The first 
house (of logs) was built by Asa C. Bowen, in 1852. 

The first important event in the history of the town was the accession of 
ten members of the "Exodus Colony," who arrived May 1, 1858. This asso- 
ciation was formed in Massachusetts, and was composed of about forty families 
— twenty-five of the number intending to occupy small farms, and the others, 
to follow the trades they had learned. 

In 1857, Rev. Mr. Bolles was delegated to go West to purchase the land 
near some suitable village, and to arrange for the reception of the families at 
their future home. Rev. Mr. Bolles took a fancy to Sand Spring, and pur- 
chased 1,000 acres of land from the Bowens, paying $5.00 an acre. Included 
in the sale was a forty-acre tract, belonging to T. H. Bowen, which had been 
surveyed into lots; this became the "Colony Addition" to Sand Spring. 
Bolles erected the " Colony House," on the ridge, overlooking the town. The 
structure contains sixteen rooms, and was intended as a temporary home for 
the colonists as they came. 

The Exodists referred to above were the only ones who ever came, the hard 
times preventing their associates from following them. The colonists were : 
Messrs. Olmstead, L. A. Hubbard, Otis Battles, A. J. Douglas, Wm. McCaus- 
land, with their families, and Mr. Pease. 

Asa C. Bowen says that Mr. Bolles preached the first sermon in Sand 
Spring, in June, 1858, in the building erected for a hotel, from the text, " I 
will be to thee a God, and thou shalt be to me a people." The diiferent houses 
built during that Summer were also used for religious services, before being 
occupied by their owners. A notable case was that of a very large meeting 
that Summer, in a barn now owned by Charles Crocker. 

Mr. Bolles is said to have been quite successful in the pulpit. He dis- 
charged his responsible trust in purchasing the colony lands, and his subsequent 
duties connected therewith, with scrupulous fidelity. He remained with the 
colony three or four years. Bolles afterward renounced the Methodist creed, 
and became a member of the " Oneida Community," in New York. He is said 
to have died in an insane asylum. 

The colonists, most of whom remained at Sand Spring, have proved valua- 
ble and exemplary citizens. There can be but one reasonable conclusion as to 
the result of this colonizing scheme, had the other families been able to follow 
those who came. As it was, they were not able to raise money for the purpose, 
and their lands were transferred to other owners. Some of the village lots were 
sold for taxes, and never redeemed. The Colony Building is now owned by Ex- 
Gov. Claflin, of Massachusetts. 

Religious meetings were held by Rev. James Kay, of the Baptist Church, 
and by Rev. Mr. Whitmore, of the Methodist Episcopol Church, about the 
same time. 

The first school was opened in Sand Spring in the Summer of 1858, Miss 
Lucy Battles, a member of the Exodus Colony, being the teacher. 

As an instance of Western sympathy with enterprise and courage, wherever 
displayed, it is proper to record that on September 1st, 1858, the citizens of 



544 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 

Sand Spring and vicinity celebrated the laying of the first Atlantic cable by a 
dinner and speeches from Rev. Dr. Roberts, of Hopkinton, Dr. Gage and T. H. 
Bowen. The crowd was a large one for that early day, and the celebration 
was successfully carried out in all its details, echoing back in its truest meaning 
the glad dispatch, " Glory to God in the highest, on earth, peace, good will to 
men." 

The Southwestern Road stopped three miles short of Sand Spring in the 
Fall of 1858. The people had contributed to the utmost of their ability, but 
the company was able to make only slow progress, owing to the great scarcity 
of money. In the Spring of 1859, the people of Sand Spring turned out and 
helped lay the ties and rails over the gap between their town and the big world 
outside, and several ladies, among whom were Mrs. Asa C. Bowen and Mrs. 
Peter Karst, helped carry and place the ties. 

The school house, which is a conspicuous object in the town, was built in 
1868. E. P. Couser was the first Principal of the graded school and T. II. 
Bowen occupied the same position two years after. Mr. Paddock is now the 
principal and is assisted by Miss Celia Mellor. 

The Methodist Episcopal Church was built in 1865, and Rev. T. Thompson 
is now in charge. The Baptist Church was erected in 1868, but has no Pastor 
at present. 

The location of the Davenport & St. Paul Railroid operated to the detri- 
ment of Sand Spring, by stimulating the growth of Hopkinton. In 1872, the 
people of South Fork Township voted a tax of five per cent, to aid the construc- 
tion of the Davenport Road. This was opposed by the people of Sand Spring, 
who could foresee the bad result to themselves, but they were out-voted. The 
citizens of Sand Spring then held a meeting and resolved to resist the payment 
of the tax. They had invited a Waterloo attorney to attend and advise them. 
At the meeting he was retained to bring the suit, in which a hundred and fifty 
property holders joined as plaintiffs in a petition for injunction. The case was 
fought through to the Supreme Court, where the injunction was made perpetual. 
The litigation cost them about ^2,000, but saved them some $6,000 in taxes. 

In the Winter of 1875-6. a flurry was created at Sand Spring by an effort 
on the part of Dubuque to have the route of the Southwestern Road vacated 
from Farley to Monticello, and rebuilt from Dubuque, by way of Cascade. 
This, had it been successful, would have h.ad the effect of killing Sand Spring 
and Worthiiigton. Asa C. Bowen, as soon as he heard of the scheme, promptly 
procured a numerously signed petition against the project, which he forwarded 
to Hon. Joseph Chapman, at Des Moines, who succeeded in defeating the bill 
permitting the change of route to be made, by having it amended so as to 
require the road-bed, if abandoned, to be put in its original condition. 

The post office at Sand Spring was established June 19, 1858 and Truman 
II. Bowen was appointed Postmaster. 

BUSINESS INTERESTS. 

The business now carried on at Sand Spring is indicated below : 
Dry Goods and Groceries, L. Loeff'clholtz. Groceries, G. H. Brown. Broom 
Factory, W. Molthorp. Blacksmith and Wagon Shop, B. A. Barton. Wagon 
Shop, E. Overing. Washing Machine Factory, Wm. Overing. Physician and 
Surgeon, S. Cummings. Notary Public and Conveyancer, 0. Henry. Justice 
and Conveyancer, A. Tuttle. Hotel, Thomas Jones. Butter and Cheese Fac- 
tory, John Stewart. Postmaster, Gilbert H. Brown. 




GREELEY 



HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 547 

The manufacture of brooms, which has been an important industry at Sand 
Spring ever since the town was founded, was begun by T. H. & Asa C. Bowen, 
at Hopkinton, in the Summer of 1856, they having induced some workmen in 
Schoharie County, N. Y., to come West and work for them. The making of 
the first broom was the occasion for a village jollification. 

This industry has been a source of considerable revenue to the farmers of 
South Fork Township, and the brooms, being made in the best manner, meet with 
ready sale. 

SOCIETIES AND ASSOCIATIONS. 

The Cemetery Association of Sand Spring completed its organization by 
recording its articles of incorporation. 

The funds used in the purchase of grounds were raised by the ladies of the 
Sewing Circle of the town, who were materially assisted by Mr. Asa C. Bowen, 
who owned the land on which the cemetery is located. The grounds are situ- 
ated on a slight elevation east of Sand Spring. 

In February, 1865, a Temperance Society was formed, and the Washing- 
tonian pledge signed by about forty citizens. The following officers were 
elected : William Spence, President ; Adelbert Olmstead, Vice President ; 
Stephen T. Bowen, Secretary ; Peter Karst, Jr., Treasurer. 

In 1865, Wilson's saw-mill, log and dam at Sand Spring were carried away 
by the flood. 

FORESTVILLE. 

[Richland Township.) 

The first settler to locate in Township 90 north, Range 6 west (Richland 
Township), was Mr. William Turner, from Chautauqua Co., N. Y., who settled 
on the east bank of the Maquoketa, in the east half of Section 22. In 1847, 
he built a saw-mill, and Mr. Stephen R. Reynolds settled near him. 

In 1848, Hiram D. Wood settled on Section 26 ; and Abiather Richardson 
and Augustus Jones purchased land in the township. 

The first store in the township was opened about 1850 by Mr. Turner. 

The post office at Forestville was established April 24, 1851, William Tur- 
ner, Postmaster. The office was supplied from Coffin's Grove once a week. 

Marcus Phillips was the first mail carrier, and was succeeded by Leonard 
Lawrence. 

In January, 1851, Richland Township was created, composed of Congres- 
sional Township 90, Range 6, and the north half of Township 89, Range 6, now 
Coffin's Grove, and the County Commissioners designated the house of S. R. 
Reynolds as the voting place. 

There are no records of township elections until 1854. 

The first meeting of which any memory exists was held at the house of John 
Lee, in the Spring of 1852, when the following officers were elected, viz.: 
William Turner and Stephen R. Reynolds, Justices of the Peace ; John Lee, 
William Smith and George Hart, Trustees ; Andrew L. Ginger, Clerk ; A. L. 
Ginger and George Hart, Constables. 

Turner's saw-mill was swept away by the freshet in June, 1851, but was 
rebuilt. 

In 1852, Mr. D. Leonard purchased Turner's mill and claim and opened a 
store at the village. 



548 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 

The first school house was built of logs in May, 1852, on Lee's farm, in the 
southeast part of the township, and the first school was taught by William 
Wilson in this house the following Summer. 

The first sermon preached in the township was in this log school house, in 
June, 1852. by Rev. John Brown. 

Charles Hall, from New York, located at Forestville in 1852, and built a^ 
tavern, the first one north of Delhi, it is said. Hall afterward built an addition 
to this liouse and opened a store. 

In 1S58, Daniel Leonard built a grist-mill, designed for a custom-mill, on 
the Maquoketa, near the saw-mill. 

April 4, 1854, the town of Forestville was surveyed and platted by Joel 
Bailey ; Daniel Leonard, propeietor. 

The first school house was built in 1854, at a cost of f 300. Elihu Andrews 
built it under contract. A portion of the money to build it was raised by taxation 
and a portion was borrowed from the school fund by H. D. Wood, who gave a 
mortgage on his land as security. 

The house was located just outside the town plat on the east side ; and the 
first school was taught in it during the same year hy Mrs. Brayman. 

This house was burned in the Winter of 1870—71, but during the Summer 
of 1870 a new school house was built of brick by Henry Doyle, contractor, at 
a cost of $700. Organized as an independent district in 1872. 

Present School Directors, Solomon Z. Welch, Oliver Clark and William^ 
Sherwin. 

In 1854, Thomas Hickox was appointed Postmaster. Hickox was a Whig, 
and says Mr. Wood, " every man in the village suitable for a Postmaster was a 
Whig also." 

In 1856, the Democrats of the township petitioned for the appointment of 
Enos M. Littlefield, who lived about a quarter of a mile out of the town. He 
was appointed June 23, 1856, but he could find no person in town qualified for 
the position who would serve as Deputy, nor could he obtain a suitable place for 
an office nearer than his house, and the mail carrier refused to deliver the mail 
there — it was not in Forestville. Littlefield made a statement of the facts to 
the Post Office Department, asking for authority to keep the office at his house, 
and requested that the mail carrier be directed to deliver and receive the mail 
there also. Meanwhile, before receiving instructions from the Department, Lit- 
tlefield took the responsibility of taking the mail to his house. The indignant 
citizens determined to test the legality of this proceeding, made up a test case 
in which Myron Hooker was plaintiff", agreeing if he was beaten that the cost 
should be made up by contribution. Hooker accordingly brought suit against 
Mr. Littlefield for damage sustained by reason of taking his mail away from the 
town. The suit was brought before I. P. Powers, Justice of the Peace of Rich- 
land. S. G. Van Anda and James Crosier were the attorneys for the plaintiff"; 
and S. R. Peet, H. D. Wood and Alpheus Scott managed the defense. Defend- 
ant took change of venue to Franklin Emerson, Justice of the Peace, but he 

was a Democrat and plaintiff" carried the case to Heath, Justice of the 

Peace of Honey Creek, and then to Coolidge, also of Honey Creek. Coolidge 
tried the case and gave judgment for the defendant for costs, and, Littlefield 
having received the authority asked for from the Department, the whole matter 
was dropped. It is ])roper to add that Hooker did not realize much from the 
promises made and was obliged to pay the costs of suit himself. 

July 17, 1862, William H. Church was appointed Postmaster at Forestville, 
and employed M. D. Jones as Deputy. 



HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 549 

Soon after Church's appointment, complaints began to be made of loss of 
mail matter. Suspicion pointed to the Forestville post office. Church and his 
Deputy appeared to have money in more abundance than their neighbors thought 
their circumstances warranted. Church presented a draft for |100 at Dubuque 
and collected it. A detective was sent to discover the perpetrator of these fre- 
quent mail robberies, who sent a decoy letter and found it in Jones' possession. 
Church and Jones were arrested, taken to Dubuque and lodged in jail to await 
trial. After some time Church procured bail and was released, but died before 
trial. Jones was tried at Dubuque, convicted and sentenced to the penitentiary 
for ten years, but after serving about eighteen months was pardoned by Presi- 
dent Andrew Johnson. 

BUSINESS INTERESTS. 

In May, 1878, the business of Forestville was represented as follows : 

Country Stores, Volney Wheeler ; Daniel Gilbert. Blacksmiths, Daniel 
Briggs ; Josiah Beach. Carpentei", Michael Cossey. Saw and Grist-mills, 
George Sowles. 

There are four Creameries in Richland Township. The first was estab- 
lished by Hiram D. Wood, near Forestville, in the Spring of 1874, of capacity 
sufficient to use the milk of 500 or 600 cows. Mr. Wood manufactures about 
20,000 pounds of butter annually, and found a ready market in New York. 

Loomis & Houseman establfshed another in the southwest part of the town- 
ship in 1875. 

H. H. Cowles, in the western part of the Township, in the Spring of 1876, 
and John & William Hollister, in the northeast corner, in 1877, each manufac- 
ture about 20,000 pounds annually. 

In the Spring of 1878, Mr. Cowles changed his creamery to a cheese 
factory. 

ALMORAL. 

{Oneida Township.) 

In the Spring of 1856, a company called the Stafford Emigration Company, 
of Amherst, Mass., sent delegates to Iowa, to join other parties of the same com- 
pany already here, in search of a place to locate a colony. The Eastern 
delegates becoming dissatisfied, or tired of the broad expanse of prairie and 
bottomless sloughs, as they appeared to them, returned to the East without 
making any selection for a location, and with an unfavorable report. When 
the Stafford Emigration Company was organized, the following families were 
living in Delaware and Jones Counties, and having joined the company, 
expected to locate with the colony : Rev. H. N. Gates, formerly from Connect- 
icut, was living at Yankee Settlement, now called Edgewood; D. B. Noble, 
formerly from New York State, was living at the same place ; L. 0. Stevens, 
formerly from Hardwick, Vt., was living at Hopkinton ; Joseph Dunham, T. 
W. Dunham and J. B. Dunham, formerly from Franklin County, Vt., were 
living at Bowen's Prairie, Jones County ; William G. Strickland came from 
Amherst in 1856. Rev. H. N. Gates, D. B. Noble, L. 0. Stevens and F. W. 
Dunham continued the search through Western and Northwestern Iowa, Southern 
Minnesota, and following the line of a railroad survey from Dubuque to St. 
Paul, they came upon the present site of Almoral, where they camped. Here 
they met with Rev. J. H. Kasson, who had the year or two previous started 
from Baraboo, Wis., with the intention of joining a colony at Grinnell, Iowa, 



550 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 

on reaching this place had grown tired and out of health, and being pleased with 
the location had purchased the southwest quarter of Section 11, Township 89, 
Rant^e 4, and built the first frame house on the present site of Almoral. Mr. 
John A. G. Cattron built on the northwest quarter of the same section same 
year. Here these men concluded to locate, and purchasing Mr. Kasson's place, 
thev jointly with him purchased adjoining lands, making 640 acres in all, as a 
nucleus for the settlement, having in view the establishment of a Congregational 
Chnrch and a literary institution. They donated one-fifth of this purchase as a 
permanent endowment for an academy or high school, accompanied with condi- 
tions. 

The first recorded meeting of the town proprietors of Almoral was held 
September 18, 1856, with L. 0. Stevens, President, and F. W. Dunham, Sec- 
retary. The town was laid out in 1858, by John H. Kasson, proprietor. H. 
N. Gates built the first house after the location was made, in the Fall of 18^56, 
who afterward removed it to Earlville, about 1859 or '60. 

The first school at Almoral was kept, it is said, in a vacated log cabin on 
the northwest corner of the northwest (i[uarter of the southwest quarter of Sec- 
tion 11, in the Summer of 1857 ; Abbie E. Dunham, Teacher. 

The Almoral Institute was incorporated under the law of the State in Septem- 
ber, 1857. J. H. Kasson, L. 0. Stevens, Joseph Dunham, William G. Strickland, 
H. N. Gates, Elijah Gates, John A. G. Cattron and David Roland were the cor- 
porators and first Trustees, and the corporation was to commence December 1, 
1857, and continue twenty years. During that year, a building 24x30 feet was 
built on Lot 1, Block 10, in which the first term of the Institute commenced 
December 1, 1857, under the charge of F. W. Dunham, with about twenty 
pupils. The succeeding teachers were Rev. H. N. Gates, L. 0. Stevens, J. A. 
Marvin and F. W. Dunham in the order named, until 1860 ; the district 
school being taught in connection with the Institute, which closed in 1860. 

In 1864, the present district school house was built on the west quarter of 
the northeast quarter of Section 11, at a cost of about |1,000. When it was 
completed, it was one of the best, if not the best, school house of that class in 
the county. 

The Institute property remaining after the close of the school reverted back 
to the donator'?, who, 1872-3, deeded it to the Almoral Congregational Church, 
together with some other property. 

The Congregational Church was organized in 1857, with H. N. Gates as 
the first Pastor, and W. G. Strickland first Deacon. The present Pastor is 
Rev. J. M. Bowers. 

The post oflSce was established March 24, 1857. The first Postmaster was 
F. W. Dunham ; the mails were weekly ; first mail received April 28, 1857. 
He was followed by J. B. Dunham, November 4, 1858, who is the present 
incumbent ; mails, tri-weekly. 

The first brass band in the county was organized at Almoral, in 1858 — J. 
B. Dunham, Director — and did service in the Lincoln Presidential campaign. 
Disbanded, to enlist in the war. 

The creamery started by the Almoral Dairymen's Company — which was 
incorporated in February, 1876, with William G. Strickland, President ; J. B. 
Dunham, Secretary ; J. A. G. Cattron, Treasurer ; William Hockady, Agent 
— is in successful operation to-day. 

John Cruise has established a Creamery on Section 12, near Almoral. 

Almoral was laid out in anticipation of the building of a railroad from Du- 
buque to St. Paul, which, it was expected, would pass through the town ; or 



HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 551 

rather, the town was laid out on the projected line of the road. It is needless 
to add that the road was not built, consequently the town never experienced 
much growth ; at least, did not meet the anticipations of its founders. 

ROCKVILLE. 

[North Fork Township.) 

This ancient town is, next to Delhi, the oldest town in the county. It is 
located about in the center of Section 24, on the west bank of the North Fork 
of the Maquoketa. The town plat, containing forty-six acres, was laid out in 
1845 by Oliver A. Olmstead. 

The first settlers were Lucius Kibbee in 1837, and Gilbert D. Dillon in 
1839. James Cavanaugh, a blacksmith, settled here about 1843, and established 
the second blacksmith shop in the county. About 1842, Oliver A. Olmstead- 
built a saw-mill on the Maquoketa. In 1843, a log school house was built about 
a mile east of Olrastead's on the edge of Dubuque County, where the few chil- 
dren in the Kibbee settlement went to school. In this house the first school 
was taught in the Winter of 1843-4 by John Keeler. This was the Rockville 
school house for some years. In 1846, the post office of Rockville was estab- 
lished. It was on the stage road from Dubuque via Delhi to Quasqueton and 
Independence. About this time, Mr. Olmstead built a small grist-mill with one 
run of stones, made of what is termed "lost rock," designed for grinding corn. 
During this year, in the Spring, Cyrus Keeler died at Rockville from the effects 
of taking a dose of saltpeter by mistake, supposing he was taking epsom salts. 

In 1846 or '47, probably the former, John Brown, a brother of Daniel 
Brown, who settled at Eads' Grove in 1839-40, and a United Brethren preacher, 
built the first hotel. Prior to this time, Mr. Olmstead had " accommodated " 
the traveling public in the old log house built by Kibbee. Mr. Brown's wife died 
in 1847, and his son and daughter afterward carried on the house. Subse- 
quently Froom built another hotel on the other side of the street, and 

later Geo. W. Ashburn opened a hotel at Rockville. 

When and by whom the first stock of goods was brought to Rockville can- 
not now be definitely determined. It is said that Mr. Olmstead, who owned the 
mill, also kept a few goods for the accommodation of the settlers. About the 
time the town was laid out or soon after, J. M. Custer had a small log store and 
kept a few goods. Calvin Sawyer went there at a comparatively early day, and 
was a trader for a number of years, keeping, it is said, the largest stock and 
best assortment of goods then in the village. Charles W. Hobbs, from Delhi, 
removed to Rockville in 1850, and opened a well-stocked store, then the best in 
town. 

About 1846-7, Rockville began to increase pretty rapidly in importance and 
population. It was located on the main traveled road from Dubuque westward, 
and was one of the stations of the Western Stage Company. It apparently 
had a promising future, and was headquarters for balls and parties for the young 
people of Delaware and the western part of Dubuque Counties. Late in 1847, 
Mr. Olmstead, the founder of the town, sold the mills and his other property to 
Philip Hogan, who in 1848 built an excellent flouring-mill, and from that time 
until about 1855-6, the town of Rockville was on the top wave of prosperity. 

The first sermon preached is lost in the obscurity of years. John Brown 
preached the first sermon of his denomination here about 1846, and he preached 
Cyrus Keeler's funeral sermon. The Methodists probably held religious ser- 



552 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 

vices prior to that time, and among the earliest were Rev. Mr. Briar and Rev. 
Mr. Farlow. The Methodists built a fine church here and occupied it sev- 
eral years, but it was finally taken down, removed and re-erected on Plum 
Creek. The removal of this house was the occasion of considerable excitement, 
and not a little ill feeling. A brick school house was erected about 1852-3, 
which still remains. 

In the o-reat flood of 1851, a large portion of the town was submerged. In 
this freshet the mills were swept away, but were immediately rebuilt. 

About 1851, Judge Dyer started the town of Dyersville, a few miles north 
of Rockville, on the edge of Dubuque County, and for several years the people 
of that infant town obtained their mail at Rockville. Delhi also took a start 
about the same time, and the people of Rockville became exceedingly jealous of 
these rivals. It was then a thriving town, had several stores, three hotels, a 
church, a school house, a number of mechanics, and it did not like to see its 
prestige threatened. But when the Dubuque & Pacific Railroad was completed 
to Dyersville in 1856-7, the stages were taken off", the immense stream of travel 
that since 1847 had flowed through the town was diverted into another channel. 
Rockville suddenly collapsed, and received its final blow when the Dubuque & 
Southwestern Railroad passed by it on the other side, and the town of Worthing- 
ton sprang up within three miles of it. 

But little now remains to attest to its former prosperity, except a new stone 
flouring-mill built several years ago by Mr. Ruddlesdin and now operated by 
Mr. Georgean. 

HARTWICK. 

This hamlet, which is located on Section 30, Township 88, Range 4, was 
laid out by John W. Clark in 18 — . Here Clark built a saw-mill, and in 
1853, began the erection of a flouring-mill. He had already opened a store 
and was keeping tavern. John Whitman settled in 1855, and started a black- 
smith shop. Two years after, a wagon shop was started, Clark furnishing the 
means. The town flourished apace, for within the next year or two, a shoe- 
shop was established, but by whom is now forgotten, and about the same time, 
a brick yard was started by Samuel Stansbury and his brother. A paint shop 
was also built by Jacob Williams. 

This is an incident in the early history of Hartwick. An Irishman, Pat- 
rick Kenna, used to haul wood to the burg with a yoke of oxen named '' Buck" 
and ■* Bright," but never troubled himself as to whose land it grew on. Clark 
met him one day as he was going in with a load. Clark stopped and hailed 
him with the point blank question as to whose land he had gone on for the 
wood. Looking his interlocutor square in the eye, as he trudged by, Pat. 
answered, '' Sure, Misther Clark, an' I niver asks ye where ye git your wood I' 
Pat then cracked his whip, with a '' Gee, Buck !" and drove on with his load. 

Clark was a driving, stirring man, but like thousands of others in the spec- 
ulative era of 185t!-7, went to the wall with liabilities much in excess of assets. 
He went to California in 1858, and his property passed into other hands. Mr. 
Whitman left the place before Clark, and with the departure of these two enter- 
prising men the glory of Hartwick, as a business point, departed. 

In June, 18(51, the Board of Supervisors, on motion of Clement Coffin, 
resolved to submit to vote whether or not a farm should be purchased for the 
maintenance of paupers, and the homestead formerly owned by Clark was 



HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 553 

temporarily leased by the county and used as a poor farm until the Board 
purchased the present site. 

Jacob Williams, referred to above, enlisted in the Greybeard Regiment in 
1863. He deserted shortly after, and returned. A. S. Blair, Esq., who was 
Deputy Provost Marshal, heard of his return, and also heard that Williams 
had given out that he would not submit to be taken alive. Mr. Blair engaged 
J. C. Skinner to go with him, and as a precautionary measure took along a 
ponderous revolver. Arriving at Williams" house, he got out, leaving his 
revolver in the buggy. He went to the door on the side of the house whence 
Williams expected to escape, and gained access by inquiring if a painter lived 
there. Williams was up stairs, but came down, little suspecting Mr. Blair's 
errand. Blair told him his business, but Williams manifested no dangerous 
symptoms, merely asking the privilege of going up stairs to change his clothes. 
Mr. Blair refused to allow this, whereupon Mrs. Williams remarked that it was 
not genteel to require him to undress before the women folks. Blair suggested 
they could retire themselves. Williams changed his apparel, went along quietly, 
and was punished by having his pay stopped. 

The scenery at Hartwick is attractive in the extreme, the mill and dam 
adding much to the picturesque location of the town. The Maquoketa is bridged 
at this place by a graceful iron structure, which springs from a high rocky 
bank on the south side of the stream, and the north side rests on a high pier 
built of massive magnesian rock. The locality is an attractive one for picnic 
parties. In the gravel bed below the dam are found small geodes and beautiful 
agates. 

The mill is now owned by Furman Brothers, and is regarded as one of the 
best in the county. 



DELAWARE TOWNSHIP. 

The first meeting for the election of township officers in Delaware Town- 
ship, of which record now remains, was held at the house of Toogood & Bethell, 
in the village of Burrington, in April, 1856, when the following officers were 
elected : 

Joseph C Skinner, Justice of the Peace; Harvey J. Brown, Township 
Clerk ; Watson Roe, Allen Mead, James Edmonds. Trustees ; Albert Thomp- 
son, Assessor ; Charles Trenchard and William H. Hollister, Constables. 

In 1857, 0. P. Reeves, Justice of the Peace; E. R. Congar, Clerk; Henry 
Acers, Watson Roe, Allen Mead, Trustees. 

In 1858, E. L. Eaton, Justice of the Peace; J. W. Yount, Clerk; Watson 
Roe, George Acers, William C. White, Trustees. 

In October, 1858, another election was held at the school house in the vil- 
lage of Manchester, and thenceforward the annual meetings for election of 
township officers were held in October. At the above-named meeting, E. 0. 
Clemens and E. L. Eaton, were elected Justices of the Peace ; J. W. Yount, 
Clerk ; E. Merrill, A. R. Loomis, T. Crosby, Township Trustees. 

In 1859, L. A. Loomis, Justice of the Peace ; H. J. Brown, Clerk ; C. 
Paxson, John Acres, Henry Edmonds, Trustees. 

In 1860, E. L. Eaton, William Terwilliger, Justices of the Peace; S. L. 
Doggett, Clerk ; Ira P. Adams. H. M. Congar, Watson Roe, Trustees. 

In 1863, R. W. Tirrill, L. A. Loomis, Justices of the Peace ; E. Merrill, 
T. Crosby and Thomas Toogood, Trustees; V. Childs, Clerk. 



554 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 

In 1864, D. S. Potter, M. Cotton, N. H. Johnson, Trustees ; T. Crosby, 
V. Childs, Justices of the Peace; V. Childs, Clerk. 

In 1865, Pardon Wells, Watson Childs, A. S. Blair, Trustees ; S. L. Dog- 
gett. Justice of the Peace; V. Child?, Clerk. 

In 1866, Oliver Cronk, M. Cotton, L. S. Gates, Trustees ; D. R. Blais- 
dell, T.- Crosby, Justices of the Peace; S. L. Doggett, Clerk. 

In 1867, S. L. Doggett, Justice of the Peace; J. M. Lanning, Henry i\r;er8, 
J. D. Slv, Trustees ; S. L. Doggett, Clerk. 

In 1868, T. Crosby, V. Childs, Justices of the Peace ; S. L. Doggett, Clerk; 
J. W. Robbins, Oliver Cronk, J. Davidson, Trustees. 

In 1869, S. L. Doggett, Justice of the Peace ; S. L. Doggett, Clerk ; 
William Catron, Ferdinand Dunham, Noble Ruggles, Trustees. 

In 1870, J. R. Satterlee, N. H. Johnson, Justices of the Peace; S. L. 
Doggett, Clerk : S. W. Green, Noble Ruggles, W. H. Seeds, Trustees. 

In 1871. S. L. Doggett, Justice of the Peace; S. L. Doggett, Clerk; Tru- 
man Terrill, John F. Merry, Egbert Hoag, Trustees. 

In 1872, Calvin Yoran, N. H. Johnson, Justices of the Peace; S. L. Dog- 
gett, Clerk ; John F. Merry, Seth Brown, Morell Cotton, Trustees. 

In 1873, S. L. Doggett, Justice of the Peace ; S. L. Doggett, Clerk ; L. 
S. Gates, George Quackenbush, A. 0. Moore, Trustees. 

In 1874, S. L. Doggett, Calvin Yoran, N. H. Johnson, Justices of the 
Peace; S. L. Doggett, Clerk ; William Tate, Alonzo Shew, Ira Howland, 
Trustees. 

In 1875, N. H. Johnson, Justice of the Peace; S. L. Doggett, Clerk; 
Alonzo Shrew, Ira Howland, T. Crosby, Trustees. 

In 1876, Cummings Sanborn, S. L. Doggett, N. H. Johnson, Justices of 
the Peace ; S. L. Doggett, Clerk ; Alonzo Shrew, T. Crosby, Ira Howland, 
Trustees. 

In 1877, Charles Husted, Justice of the Peace; S. L. Doggett, Clerk; 
Alonzo Shew. Ira Howland, Lewis Paxson, Trustees. 

MASONVILLE. 

(Coffin's Grove Township.) 

This pleasant little town is located on the southwest corner of Coffin "» 
Grove Township, was laid out July 22, 1858, by Francis Daniels and the Iowa 
Land Company, James G. Verplank, Surveyor. 

The town was named in honor of R. B. Mason, Esq., then the late President 
of the Iowa Land Company, and probably named by Mr. Daniels, who at that 
time owned the quarter section on which the village now stands, and offered the 
Land Company one-third of it to induce them to locate a station upon his land. 
This proposition was accepted by the Company, and they erected a depot in 
1860, upon the site the present one occupies. It proving inadequate, however, 
to the growing demands of the town, it was, eight years thereafter, removed 
and a new (me substituted. The old one was moved up on the main street, 
opposite the Mason ville House, and is now used as a sort of carpenter's shop. 

The first house in the town was erected by Oscar Wellman, who came west 
from New York in 1852, and built, about two years afterward, the house he 
now occupies. He kept f(u- some years a stage station and hotel, giving the 
horses good stabling, and lodging the men on the floor or anywhere they could 
find room to stretch their weary limbs. 



HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 555 



BUSINESS INTERESTS. 

Hotels, Masonville House, by J. D. Smith, 1874 ; Central House, by A. K. 
Martin, 1876. General Merchandise, A. M. Latimer, 1877 ; David Burk, 
1876. Drugs and Groceries, W. E. Lawrence, 1877. Blacksmith, Joseph 
Taylor. Elevators, F. S. Griffin, 1869 ; Chandler, Brown & Co., of Mil- 
waukee, not now in operation. Grist-mill, Burk Bros., 1878. Flour and 
Feed, I. D. Smith. 

The first school house in town was built in 1862, by Mr. Dunton, and after- 
ward purchased by the township. The first teacher was Miss Mary R. 
Williams. 

CHURCHES. 

Free- Will Baptist Church, organized May 10, 1857, at the school house 
near Henry Baker, by Rev. N. W. Bixby, and who was Pastor of the church 
until May 18, 1866, when he resigned the pastorate, and Rev. R. Norton was 
elected Pastor, May, 1867. By a vote of the church, the meetings were removed 
from Coffin's Grove to Masonville, and the name of the church chanfjed from 
Coffin's Grove to Masonville. 

During the season of 1877, the church erected a house for public worship, 
which was not completed and dedicated May 26, 1878. Rev. R. Norton is the 
present Pastor. 

The Catholic Church was built in 1870. The present Priest is P. J. 
Clabby. of Buffalo, who conducts services there once in every three weeks. 



I. 0. OF G, T. 

Masonville at present has but one society, and that is Masonville Lodge, 
No. 196, I. 0. of G. T., which was organized in 1877, by Mrs. A. C. Carter, 
from Manchester. At the first meeting, the following officers were elected : W. 
C. T., George E. Gemmill ; W. S., John Latimer; W. V. T., Jennie Latimer; 
W. C, S. P. Peters; P. W. C. T., Henry Stiles; W. M., Charles Lamon ; W. 
T., Lizzie Lawrence; W. F. S., S. C. Douglass ; W. I. G., Hattie Lamon ; W. 
0. G., Oscar Wellman ; L. L., S. P. Peters ; W. D. M., Mina Peters ; W. A. 
S., Lenora Brown; L. H. S., Mrs. N. M. Stiles; R. H. S., Mrs. GemmilL 
The Lodge started with 35 charter members, and now numbers about 70. 



COFFIN'S GROVE TOWNSHIP. 

This township is Congressional Township 89 north, Range 6 west. It was 
organized in 1855, by a decree issued to Clement Coffin, who had settled in a 
grove of timber in the south central portion of the township, fifteen years 
before. The grove was called Coffin's Grove by the early settlers and hence 
the name of the township. The voters met according to the provisions of the 
decree in the old school house in the grove, and elected the following, first town- 
ship officers : Henry Baker and Aaron Sullivan, Justices of the Peace ; W. J. 
Doolittle, Township Clerk. 



556 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 



SCHOOLS. 

The township contains eight sub-school districts, with school houses and 
teachers, to wit : 

MateriaL When Built. First Teacher. 

No. 1, Brick 1868 E. H. Sellens. 

No. 2, Frame 1873 Victoria LsbeU. 

No. 3, " 1867 PI. A. Brown. 

No. 4 " 1866 Emeroy Stimson. 

No. 5.' " 1872 C. H. Sharp. 

No. 6, " 1871 Hattie Hawley. 

No. 7. " 1871 T. M. Sabine. 

No. 8, " 1875 Annie Maguire. 

These, with the exception of Nos. 1, 2, 3 and 5, w^ere the first houses and 
teachers. In the excepted districts, the first school houses were log structures, 
which soon gave place to more substantial buildings. In No. 1, however, the 
log school house was built in 1854. 

In the Summer or Fall of 1856, Orton & Older's circus tent was pitched 
near Henry Baker's, in Coffin's Grove, and all the country side turned out to 
witness the performance. The afternoon was rainy and it was decided not to 
exhibit in the evening. Several men from Acersville and Manchester, who had 
transferred considerable whisky from their flasks to their own stomachs, 
demanded that the performance should be repeated in the evening. This demand 
was refused, whereupon a dispute arose, followed by a fight. In the melee, 
Martin Heath was struck on the head by a neck-yoke, in the hands of one of 
the circus men. He was picked up and taken to Manchester, where he was 
confined to the house for several days. About ten days after the fight, he 
walked out, with the help of a cane, to where some boys were playing ball. 
The ball coming in his vicinity, Heath struck at it with his cane, but fell to the 
ground suddenly, exclaiming, " Oh boys, I have killed myself! " His words 
were indeed true, for he died durinor the nig-ht. 

Dr. Hamlet, who was said to have been the main cause of the fracas, prudently 
crawled under a wagon when it began, and remained there until it was safe to 
come out. Hancock, a Manchester lad, started to run when the fight began. 
In his course, he stepped on a rake-handle, which broke and one end flew up, 
giving him a sharp blow on the back of his head : as soon as he could gather, he 
turned and squared himself toward his fancied assailant, who was nowhere visi- 
ble, much to his disgust. 

YANKEE SETTLEMENT. 

[Honey Creek Toumship.) 

In the Spring of 1842, two young men, Lorenzo Mulliken and Daniel B. 
Noble, from "York State" or "Yankee Land," settled in the edge of the Tur- 
key timber, in the northeastern part of Township 90 — 5 (Honey Creek), on 
Section 1. Soon after their arrival, Henry W. Lyon and his family settled 
near them. Lyon appears as a taxpayer in the first assessment roll, in Septem- 
ber, 1842. He did not remain long. Becoming alarmed after the murder of 
T. Garden, in February, 1843, he removed to Eads' Grove in the Spring of 
that year, and the year following went to Missouri. 

In the Fall of 1843, Nelson Steele and family located near Noble and Mul- 
liken ; and in 1844, Lorenzo's father, Samuel Mulliken, and his family arrived. 



HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 557 

About this time, the new settlement in this part of the county began to be 
called "Yankee Settlement," from the fact that the settlers were all from 
"Yankee Land, to distinguish it from other Turkey settlements. The name was 
not confined to any single section, and the Yankee Setttlement extended into 
90—4 (Elk), and into Clayton County. 

In 1846, Elder N. W. Bixby and his wife, Ruby, from Williamstown, Vt., 
located in the Yankee Settlement. Elder Bixby was the first Free- Will Baptist 
minister who settled in Delaware County. His wife, also, occupied the pulpit, 
"and," says Mrs. Bailey, "was considered the smarter preacher of the two." 

January 12, 1848, the " Yankee Settlement " post office was established, on 
Section 1, 90 — 5, and Bohan Noble appointed Postmaster; and in May follow- 
ing, Joseph S. Belknap, from Barre, Vt., located on the northeast quarter of 
Section 2, 90 — 5, about a mile west of the post office, and founded the town of 
" Yankee Settlement," now called Edgewood. At that time, there was but one 
settler in that vicinity, on the Clayton side, John Gibson, who settled there 
about 1846. 

In the Spring of 1849, Mr, Belknap built the first house on the site of the 
future village. This house was afterward used for hotel purposes. In 1852, 
Mr. Belknap built and opened the first store, and erected several other build- 
ings in 1853-4. In 1854, he built another store, on the Clayton side, removing 
thither, selling his claim on this side to Harrison Gifford. 

A Congregational Church was erected in 1854, in which Rev. H. N. Gates 
first officiated as Pastor, succeeded about 1857, by Rev. A. Graves. Rev. L. 
P. Mathews occupied the pulpit in 1862. No regular services are held in this 
house now. Rev. Mr. Amsden, of Manchester, and others, preach there occa- 
sionally. 

The school house was built in 1855-6. The first hotel was kept by Joseph 
S. Belknap, about 1852. 

When the Davenport & St. Paul Railroad was built to and through the little 
town, which is mainly in Clayton County, the name was changed to Edgewood, 
and that part of the town lying in Delaware was surveyed and platted about 
1876. 

There are now on the Delaware side, in Edgewood, a hotel, kept by Robert 
Fairweather ; a store, kept by H. F. Beyer ; a school house and a church. 

The main portion of the town is in Clayton County, where are the railroad 
station, post office, several stores, Methodist Church and a fine frame school 
house. 



HAZEL GREEN. 

In the Spring of 1853, Christopher L. Flint settled on Section 11. Brad- 
ford Crozier and James Sheppard settled during the same year on Section 1, 

Shellhammer settled about one and three-fourth miles north of Flint, 

and some others came in about the same time. 

The first births are said to have been Sarah Shellhammer, in the Spring ot 
1853, and Matthew Sheppard, October 15, 1853. The first marriage was that 
of Luther P. Flint and Beulah Blanchard, November, 1854. The first death, 
Olverson Barnes, in the Summer of 1859. 

■ Post office established June 18, 1856, Christopher L. Flint. Postmaster. 
The office was on the route from Delhi to Marion. L. P. Flint was the first 

xn -1 contractor, 
a^ 



558 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 

Mrs. Edward Pierce taught the first school, in her own house, in the Winter 
of 1858-59. The first school house was built in District No. 1, in the Sum- 
mer of 1859. 

Chris. L. Flint was the first Justice of the Peace in the township. In 1878, 
A. R. Dickey has a store of general merchandise and the Hazel Green creamery. 
Mr. Flint still resides on the farm where he first settled, and now owns a fine 
stock farm of 1,300 acres, and carries about 400 head of cattle. Mr. Flint says 
that when he first settled there, deer and wolves were very numerous, and could 
be seen from the house every day. He used $10 Avorth of strychnine in killing 
wolves in the Winter of 1853-54. Mr. Flint says that the second day after he 
moved into his shanty, he went to Eads' Grove after a land warrant. When he 
reached Nelson Main's, within two miles of home, on his return, it was dark, 
but he thought he could find his way home, only two miles, if it was dark. He 
started, but soon became bewildered and traveled nearly all night hunting for 
home, where he finally arrived about 3 o'clock the next morning, weary, 
hungry and wet, for he had forded the creek several times during the night. 

Until 1857, this township was a part of Union Township, but March 2, 1857, 
Township 87, Range 5, was established as a political township by the County 
Court, and called Hazel Green. The Judge issued a warrant according to law, 
to C. L. Flint, Edmund Barnes and Eri Richardson, to call the first meeting and 
act as Judiies of Election. At this election, C. L. Flint was elected Justice of 
the Peace. 

Mr. Flint is one of the Trustees of the Iowa College for the Blind, at 
Vinton. 

The first church organization in Hazel Green was the Presbyterian Church. 
It was first organized in Milo, but was immediately moved to what is known as 
" Guthrie school house," where the first sacrament of the Lord's Supper was 
administered, in the Summer of 1864. The members of the first organization 
were Thomas Guthrie, Mrs. Elizabeth Guthrie, Alexander Wilson, Mrs. Jane 
Wilson, John McCullom, Mrs. Jean McCullom and John Wilson. This organ- 
ization dissolved May 1, 1871, giving place to the present Congregational 
society, which was organized about the same time, under the ministrations of 
Rev. Alvah Day. The fine church building now occupied by this society, near 
the Golden Prairie post office, was built in 1874-75, and dedicated in 1875. 
The present Pastor is Rer. E. G. Carpenter, who has been in charge some 
three years. 

DELAWARE CENTER. 

[Acersville.) 

The town of Delaware Center was laid out in 1853, by Dr. Acers, who had 
entered the land surrounding in 1851, and settled thereon the same year. 
The Maquoketa here flowed over a rocky bed, gradually narrowing at the site 
of the present Quaker Mill to a water bed about six rods wide, and with lime- 
stone banks over twenty feet high. Here Dr. Acers and his brother Henry 
erected a saw-milL in 1852, which they soon after leased to Henry Ryan. 

In 1853, Delaware Township was established, with Delaware Center as 
polling place, and the post office of Delaware Center was established October, 
1, 1853. 

Edson Merrill settled here this year, opening a blacksmith shop, but removed 
to Burrington in 1855. 



HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 559 

The same year (1853), a school house was begun, and completed the follow- 
ing year. Before the building was completed, some time in the Spring of 1854, 
Rev. B. M. Amsden held religious services therein. Mr. Amsden says a lot 
of plank for temporary seats were obtained from the saw-mill. Elder John 
Martindale, of Elk Township, held meetings there soon after. The first school 
taught in the building was by Mrs. Riley. 

In 1854, A. R. Loomis started a dry goods store, and the election of that 
year was held therein. Dr. Acers built a flouring-mill the same year, and the 
indications were that quite a town would spring up. But the golden opportunity 
was lost when Dr. Acers ftxiled to make satisfactory arrangements with Judge 
Dyer, in 1854, and compelled the latter to start a new town below. He did 
not take the " tide at its flood," and consequently Delaware Center was stranded, 
and its final hope was lost when, in 1856, the railroad was definitely located at 
Manchester, two miles below. This, and the removal of Mr. Loomis from the 
town, the year previous, was more than the infint town could bear. It quietly 
yielded up the ghost, and now exists only in the pages of this history and the 
memory of the old settlers. 

In the Spring of 1854, Dr. Acers ordered his hired man to build a fire in 
the yard, as his folks were " ready to make soap," but the order was not obeyed. 
Returning from some other part of the farm, and observing that no fire was 
built, the Doctor started one himself. In some way the fire caught the house, 
and it was burned to the ground. It was a frame structure, and is said to have 
been the best in the county. Dr. Acei'S and such men as were at hand, among 
them H. L. Ryan, worked like Trojans, but the fire burnt too fiercely for them. 
The Dostor went into the cellar and secured a quantity of meat, which he car- 
ried to a place of safety ; he started back to get some more, but was prevented 
by Ryan. In this fire was destroyed most of the copies of the book which Dr. 
Acers had written some years before to prove that the Bible is not inspired. 
While the conflagration was at its height, sparks flew across the river and set fire 
to the brush, destroying thousands of saplings. Dr. Acers rebuilt his resi- 
dence in 1861, a commodious brick structure taking the place of the one 
destroyed. 



PETERSBURG. 

{Bremen Township.) 

A small village situated on Section 4, 89-3 (Bremen). The first store and 
first building on the site of the village was built and opened by Barney Sassen, 
probably about 1873. The post office was established March 7, 1874, Barney 
Sassen, Postmaster. 

The Catholic Church building was commenced under the pastorate of Rev. 
John B. Weikman : Building Committee, Adolf Amenn, H. Bohnankamp, 
Clemens Fraley and Theodore Alldoff. The church was completed in 1874. 
The present Pastor, Rev. S. Maaspost, assumed the care of the church in Feb- 
ruary, 1874. 

The Petersburg Catholic School building adjoins the church, and was erected 
at the same time the church was built. It employs one teacher, and at the 
close of 1877 reported fifty pupils in attendance. The present teacher is 
Theodore Alldorf. 



560 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 

BUSINESS INTERESTS. 

The present business interests of Petersburg are represented as follows: 
General Merchandise, Domyer & Sassen, 1875; Rubly & Bro., 1876. Har- 
ness Maker. Henry Lanpman, 1876. Blacksmith, Joseph Bleeker, 1876; 
Charles Thome, 1877. Shoemaker, Peter Schmidt, 1875. Wagon Maker, 
Frank Barnes, 1877 ; H. Hofer. 1877. Millinery, Bertha E. Myers, 1878. 

MILLHEIM. 

[Delaware Township.) 

Millheim was surveyed by Mr. R. Stewart July 21, 1858 ; John and Maria 
Kaltenbach, proprietors. Its legal location is on the southeast quarter of the 
northeast quarter of Section 3, Township 89, Range 5 (Delaware). Mr. Kal- 
tenbach gave the new town the name of his birth-place in Baden, Germany. 
Mr. K. built a saw-mill in 1853, on Honey Creek, which flows through the 
town site. Mr. Sherman built the first house in the place, keeping grocery for 
a while, but left in 1858. Mr. Kaltenbach built a flouring-mill in 1864, but 
owing to the want of means was unable to get a water wheel of sufiicient power 
for his business. The mill Avould only grind about four bushels an hour, but 
Mr. Kaltenbach says the yield of flonr was greater to the bushel than at neigh- 
boring mills. He disposed of the mill to a Mr. Olmstead, who sold it to Mr. 
Clugston. It is now owned by T. Holmes. A log church building was erected 
at Millheim by the citizens of that vicinity in 1868, in which meetings were 
held by Rev. Mr. Jenkins, of Manchester, and Rev. Mr. Long of Pennsylvania, 
the latter a Presbyterian. Rev. Mr. Whiting, of Manchester, holds services at 
Millheim, occasionally, the present Spring. A glove and mitten factory, with a 
tannery in connection, was started by Chester Burgess six years ago, but the 
business did not prove remunerative, and he gave it up three years after. 



YORK. 

[Honey Creek Township.) 

This little antiquated and almost defunct town is situated on Section 9, 
90 — 5, two or three miles southwest of Yankee Settlement or Edgewood. In 
1854 or 1855, George W. Stewart built the first house and settled there. It 
was then in York Township, which was then the north half of 90 — 5. In 
1855, he opened a store in a part of his house ; and in December of that year, 
the post office of York was established, Mr. Stewart being appointed Postmas- 
ter. He also kept tavern. 

In 1857, Mr. Stewart laid out a small town and called it " York," which is 
the subject of this brief sketch. At one time there were two or three stores 
there, and hopes Avere entertained that the infant town might live and thrive. 
But when the Davenport & St. Paul Railroad was completed, the sun of York 
set forever. The post office was discontinued in 1875 ; and now, only one little 
store, kept by Mrs. W. R. Stewart, remains to mark the spot where the town 
was located. In 1878, a school house was built near the northwest corner of 
Section 9. 



HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 561 



ELK TOWNSHIP. 

The first election in Elk Township, of which record remains, was held at 
the Corell school house in 1853, when James H. Roe, Job Odell and John Cor- 
ell were elected Trustees ; H. Davis, Clerk ; Silas N. Talcott and Benjamin 
Lakin, Justices of the Peace ; Job Odell, Assessor : Henry Mellen, Road Super- 
visor ; Elias Hutton, Constable. 

BREMEN TOWNSHIP. 

The first election in Bremen Township was held at the house of Franz 
Shultz, May 3, 1858. The ofiicers elected were Francis Rubly, Justice of the 
Peace ; Clemens Bockenstedt, Clerk ; Joseph Lechtenberg, A^nthony Lippert, 
August Wander, Trustees ; Franz Shultz, Assessor. 



TOO LATE FOR INSERTION IN PROPER PLACE. 

MANCHESTER. 

The first Temperance Society in Manchester was organized in 1856, with 
thirty members. Dr. Robbins, Secretary. 

The first Aid Society of the M. E. Church was organized August 24, 1863, 
at the house of Mr. H. Houghton. Officers elected as follows : President, Mrs. 
A. G. Bailey; Vice President, Mrs. E. E. Jeffries; Managers, Mrs. M. G, 
Houghton, Mrs. H. Freelove ; Secretary and Treasurer, Sarah J. Nethaway. 






JNO. STEWART A CO.'S CENTENNIAL MEDAL. AWARDED FOR BEST BUTTER. 



BIOGRAPHICAL DIRECTORY. 



T^BBREVIA-TIONS. 



»gt agent 

carp carpenter 

elk clerk 

Co company or county 

dlr dealer 

far farmer 

gro grocer 

I. V. A Iowa Volunteer Artillery 

I. v. C Iowa Volunteer Cavalry 

I. V. I Iowa Volunteer Infantry 

lab laborer 



mach machinist 

mech mechanic 

mer merchant 

mfr manufacturer 

mkr maker 

P. Post Office 

prop proprietor 

S. or Sec Section 

St street 

supt superintendent 

Treas Treasurer 



DELAWARE TOWNSHIP. 

(P. 0. MANCHESTER.) 



A BBOTT A. J. cooper. 

Abbott Greo. W. laborer. 

ABBOTT JARED T. Dentist, 
Franklin street ; was born in Homer, 
Cortland Co., N. Y., Jan. 2, 1824; when 
five years old his parents moved to On- 
ondaga Co., where he resided 28 years, 
and where he married Frances L. Par- 
melee Jan. 24, 1850, who was born 
in New Berlin, Chenango Co., N. Y. ; 
they moved to Dayton, Ohio, and two 
years thereafter went to Virginia, resid- 
ing eight years, returning to Onondaga 
Co., N. Y. ; Mr. Abbott enlisted as Cap- 
tain of Company I, 185th N. Y. V. I., 
and was breveted Major ; emigrated to 
Iowa in Fall of 1865, settling in Fort 
Dodge ; went to New York City, but 
after eighteen months returned to this 
city. 

Abbott W. G. barber. 

ACERS GEORGE, Farmer, Sec. 
17 ; born in Warren, Herkimer Co., N. 
Y., April 23, 1818 ; married Charlotte 
Scott April 23, 1848, who was born in 
Duanesburg, Schenectady Co., N. Y., 
July 6, 1828 ; after marriage they moved 
to Milford, Otsego Co., N. Y., from 
which place they emigrated to this 
county, arriving on June 7, 1850, set- 
tling in Manchester ; in Oct., 1853, they 



moved on their present farm of 280 
acres ; they are old pioneer settlers of 
this county, and to whom its historians 
are indebted for valuable facts. 

ACERS HE^RY, Farmer and Capi- 
talist ; was born in Herkimer Co., N. 
Y., on March 21, 1816; he moved to 
Wayne Co., N. Y., in 1837 ; married 
Margaret N. Patterson on April 22, 
1841 ; she was born in Orange Co., N. 
Y., June 18, 1820 ; immigrated to 
Jackson Co., Mich., and after four years 
residence they came to this Co., arriving 
in June, 1850 ; Louisa Jane, Wm. H., 
Wilson, George S. are their children. 

ADAMS IRA P. of the firm of 
Adams Bros., Dealers in Hardware, 
Franklin st. ; was born in Essex Co., 
Vt., July 1, 1832; when about seven 
years old he moved with his parents to 
Windsor Co., Vt., and in 1851 he went 
to Troy, N. Y., and after six years resi- 
dence he emigrated to this Co., arriving 
in Jan., 1857, and under the firm name 
of Adams & Butler, opened the first 
hardware store in this city ; married 
Gracia Estabrook Jan. 5, 1858 ; she was 
born in Essex Co., N. Y., Nov. 5, 1830. 

Abbott J. T. Dentist. 

ADAMS lAICIUS W. of the firm 
of Adams Bros., Dealers in Hardware ; 
Franklin st. ; was born in Windsor Co., 

1 



566 



DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY: 



Vt., Dec. 30, 1837 ; came to Dubuque 
Co., Iowa, with hi.« parents when fifteen 
years old ; came to this Co. in the 
Spring of 1860. first settling in Prairie 
Township ; married Celestia A. Benton 
Dec. 5, 1861, Avho was born in Friend- 
ship, Allegany Co., N. Y., May 7, 1844 ; 
they came to Manchester in the Spring 
of 1862; he was employed by his 
brother until the Spring of 1865, when 
he became one of the partners. 

ADAxlIS TRlIMBriili, Retired 
Farmer, was born in the town of Cav- 
endish, Windsor County, Vt., April 13, 
1805; in April, 1826, w'ent to New York 
State, where he worked eight months, 
and returned to Vermont; in April, 
1827, he moved to the city of New 
York, remaining three years and three 
months, and again returned to Vermont 
Jan. 5, 18:-51. Married Cynthia Tarbell 
who was born in Cavendish, Windsor 
Co., Vt., July 10, 1809. Emigrated to 
Dubuque Co., Iowa, returning to Ver- 
mont in November, 1855 ; April, 1856, 
returned to Dubuque Co., Iowa, and in 
November, 1867, went to N. Y., remain- 
ing until April, 1869, and then came to 
Manchester, Iowa, and has resided in 
this city and Prairie Township, with the 
exception of six months spent in Ver- 
mont in 1873. 

Adams W. T. hardware. 

Atkinson Z. L. blacksmith. 

Allen Enoch, retired. 

Allen Lemuel, drayman. 

Allen 0. B. farmer, Sec. 11. 

Allen R. farmer, Sec. 3. 

Ames W. A. dentist. 

A^ISDEN BEXJAHIK M. 
Congregationalist Minister ; was born in 
W^estfield, Chautauqua Co., N. Y., Dec. 
18, 1818; resided in his native county 
until about 1840, when he entered the 
Western Reserve College, in Ohio, and 
after three years' attendance he went to 
Williams College, where he graduated 
in 1846 ; after visiting New Orleans, he 
went to New Iberia, engaging as tutor 
in a planter's family; returning to his 
native county he taught school, after 
which he attended the Theological Sem- 
inary at Oberlin, 0., where he gradu- 
ated, and went to Chautauqua Co., N. Y., 
laboring in the ministry three years ; 
emigrated to Belvidere, Boone Co., 111.. 



and in March, 1854, came to this coun- 
ty, where he bought 40 acres of land,^ 
where a portion of Manchester now 
stands. Although he returned to Boone 
County, where he lived for a few yeara 
before permanently settling here, he was 
so often here and so closely allied to her 
interests, that this county was virtually 
his home from the above date. In Belvi- 
dere, Boone Co., 111., he married Reliance 
Avery, Dec. 4, 1855, who was born in 
Susquehanna Co., Pa., March 18, 1832. 

Amsden Charles, butter buyer. 

Andrews J. B. carpenter. 

AUCUTT BARNARD, Farmer, 
Sec. 6 ; was born in Oneida Co., N. 
Y., April 22, 1846 ; came from native 
county to this, settling in Honey Creek 
Township. Married Nancy J. Hurd 
Sept. 26, 1868 ; she was born in Jeffer- 
son Co., N. Y., Sept. 27, 1845. 

Aucutt E. W. laborer. 

Andrews Joseph. 

Andrews Lyman, mason. 

Andrews Nathaniel, laborer. 

Annis W. W. farmer, Sec. 8. 

Atwater F. J. druggist. 

AYERS Iv. li. Born at Triadelphia, 
Morgan Co., Ohio, July 25, 1842 ; re- 
moved with his parents in the Fall of 
1854 to Hobart, Ind., and in March,. 
1855, settled near Viroqua, Wis., at 
which town he began the printer's trade. 
Removed to Coffin's Grove, Delaware 
Co., in 1861 ; taught school three terms, 
and finished the printer's trade at Man- 
chester ; worked at Dubuque, in 1866, 
purchased the Elkader Journal in the 
Fall of that year, and sold it in a few 
weeks ; took charge of Delaware Countj 
Union in January, 1867, which he pub- 
lished till November, 1872; married 
Mrs. A. R. Burnside Jan. 1, 1868. 
Worked as compositor in Des Moines 
from March, 1873 to March, 1874^ 
mainly instrumental in establishing the 
Manchester Democrat in 1875, which 
he edited until May, 1878, from which 
position he has just retired. Has two 
daughters by brevet. 

TD ABCOCK R. A. billiard hall. 

Bailey E. F. clerk. 

BAILEY JOEL. HOiy. Proba- 
bly the oldest settler now living in Del- 
aware County, and who for forty years 



DELAWARE TOWNSHIP. 



567 



has been closely identified with its 
growth, development and present pros- 
perity, is a native of Middlefield, Otsego 
County, New York ; he was born Jan. 
6th, 1814, and is consequently now 
61 years of age. By the death of his 
last surviving parent he was left an 
orphan at the age of 9 years ; five 
years later when in his 15th year, he 
went to live with an older brother, 
who taught him the trade of making 
gun barrels ; about this time he had 
an opportunity of studying survey- 
ing, which he gladly embraced, thus 
early securing a thorough knowledge of 
this valuable profession, which has been 
of great service to him through life ; in 
the Fall of 1835, he left the scenes of 
his childhood's joys and sorrows, the 
dingy, smoky shop, where with black- 
ened hands he had toiled many a weary 
hour, and traveling toward the sunset, 
landed in Milwaukee, when that now 
flourishing city was scarcely a respecta- 
ble hamlet, and boarded through the 
Winter at the first hotel, which was in 
the first frame house built in that place, 
and was kept by a half-breed and his 
squaw wife ; in the Spring of 1836, he 
attached himself to a party of Govern- 
ment engineers, and spent six months 
surveying on Rock River without seeing 
a single cabin, white settler or other 
signs of civilization. In the Spring of 
1837, he came to Iowa with a party of 
Government engineers, and assisted in 
surveying the south half of Delaware 
County, and parts of Dubuque and 
Buchanan, and in Jan., 1838, returned 
to Milwaukee. The following Spring, 
in company with John and Cyrus Keeler, 
who were from Delaware Co., New York, 
he returned to Delaware Co., la., where 
they made claims and built a cabin on the 
banks of the South Fork of the Maquo- 
keta River, at what is now known as 
Bailey's Ford. They " bached it," as it 
was then called, and broke some twenty 
acres of prairie ; the first breaking of any 
considerable amount at that time done in 
the county. Their only neighbor within 
ten miles was J. W. Penn, who had 
made a claim some four or five miles 
east of them. Judge Bailey was active 
in the organization of Delaware County ; 
was one of the committee who selected 



the location for the county seat, and the 
present town of Delhi, and was the firat 
County Surveyor, which position he has 
repeatedly filled. In April, 184-4, he 
married Miss Arabella Coffin, daughter 
of Judge Clement Coffin, of Coffin's 
Grove. This union was blessed with 
several children, their eldest, Clement 
James, being the first white child born 
in Milo Township. In 1849, he was 
employed in the Government survey on 
the Shellrock and Cedar Rivers in Iowa. 
Becoming infected with the California 
fever in 1850, he made the overland 
trip with a four horse team from Council 
Bluffs to the coast in seventy-five days. 
He remained in California about one 
year and experienced the pleasures, 
privations and various vicissitudes of 
changing fortune, which were the com- 
mon experience of all who in those early 
days visited that fabulous land of gold. 
He returned to Iowa in 1851, by the 
way of Panama, Kingston and New York. 
The next year he was elected School 
Fund Commissioner for Delaware Co., 
and during his term of office sold most of 
the school lands in the county. In the 
Summer of 1854, he was engaged in the 
Government survey on Root and Canon 
Rivers in Minnesota, and in 1855, in the 
northern part of Wisconsin on the head 
waters of the Chippewa River. That same 
Spring, he was commissioned Postmaster 
at Bailey's Ford, then a stopping place on 
the stage line from Dubuque to Independ- 
ence. Since then he has held the office of 
County Treasurer, Recorder and County 
Judge, and has been twice elected Mayor 
of Manchester where he now resides. 
Judge Bailey is one of those genial, 
warm-hearted men who are loved and 
respected by all who know them inti- 
mately and well. Two-thirds of his some- 
what eventful life has been spent here, 
and could a more extended and minute 
account of his life-struggle be written, 
it would reveal many interesting inci- 
dents and a pretty accurate history of 
the progress and growth of the county 
which has so long been his home, and 
where he has freely given the vigorous 
strength of his youthful manhood and 
the more matured wisdom of advanced 
years in accelerating its development 
and securing its future prosperity. 



568 



DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY: 



Baldwin D. W. 

BAI^LARD D. P. Dealer in Horses 
and Retired Farmer ; was born in 
Collins, Erie Co., N. Y., Oct. 22, 1826 ; 
at 1 1 years old, went to Cattaraugus 
Co., N. y., and from there to Du Page 
Co., 111., in 1855; in June of the fol- 
lowing year, he caane to this county, 
settling in Honey Creek, and to this city 
in Sept. 1870; married Jan. 1, 1850, 
Mary Lines, who was born in Booneville, 
Oneida Co., N. Y., May 3, 1822, at the 
age of 12, moved to the town of New 
Albion, Cattaraugus Co., N. Y., with 
her parents. 
Barnd A. renter. Sec. 9. 
BarnerdB.S. renter, Sec. 19. 
Barr E. F. farmer. Sec. 20. 
Bates Alex, blacksmith. 
Bates H. L. blacksmith. 
Beardsley A. L. agricultural implements. 
BEL.KNAP JOJ^EPH S. Mer 
chant and President Delaware County 
Bank; was born in Washington Co., 
Vt., Oct., 10, 1818 ; at the age of 18, 
he went to Uxbridge, Mass., commenc- 
ing life by working by the month ; the 
same Fall he went to Wethersfield, Vt., 
and then to Springfield, Vt., and to 
New York City ; going South, he re- 
sided a short time in New Orleans, Mo- 
bile and St. Louis, and in May, 1840, 
he settled in Belvidere, Boone Co., 111. ; 
he came to this county, first taking up 
a claim in Yankee Settlement (now 
Edgewood) ; in 1862, he came to this 
city. Married, in Boone Co., Mariah E. 
Gibson, Oct. 21, 18-45 ; she was born in 
Canada West Aug. 31, 1824. 
Belknap J. L. merchant. 
BKTHELL. FRANCIS (Toogood 
& Bethell, Proprietors of Clarence 
House) ; born April 3, 1827, in Wed- 
more, Somersetshire, England ; remained 
at home until the year 1850, when 
he came to America, and to Dyersville, 
Dubuque County, Iowa, where he re- 
mained until the Spring of 1854, when 
he went to Baldwinsville, N. Y., near 
Syracuse ; returned to Dyersville in 
July of same year; visited the present 
site of Manchester with Judge James 
Dyer in December, 1854, and when 
Main and Franklin streets were laid out 
at that time he selected two lots in the 
Northwest angle of these streets, paying 



$25 for one and receiving the gift of the 
other, on condition of building a hotel 
thereon ; returned to Dyersville Jan. 1, 
1855, where he met Thomas Toogood, 
just arrived from New York, with 
whom, in March following, returned to 
Burrington and commenced building 
the Clarence House on the lots selected, 
completing a part during that Summer 
and burlding an addition the following 
year ; has been a member of the firm 
of Toogood & Bethell, proprietors of 
the Clarence House, from that date to 
the present ; the house was replaced 
with the present fine brick building in 
1875 ; married at Auburn, N. Y., July 
10, 1854, to Miss Jane Toogood, 
daughter of James and Jennie (Wilcox) 
Toogood, born near Wells, England, 
March 24, 1826 ; two children — oldest, 
born in 1855, lived only 24 hours ; Min- 
nie, born Dec. 12, 1858, died Novem- 
ber, 1864. 
Billings Albert, laborer. 
BLAIR Alios S. Attorney at 
Law; ofiice over Delaware County 
Bank, Franklin street ; was born in 
Perry, Genesee Co. (now Wyoming 
Co.), N. Y., on Aug. 24, 1831; 
his parents moved to Lorain Co., Ohio, 
in 1835, and then to Huron Co., Ohio. 
At a session of the Supreme Court held 
in Perrysburg, Wood Co., Ohio, the 
subject of this sketch was admitted to 
.he bar. In the Spring of 1854 emi- 
grated to McGregor, Iowa, in Aug., 
1856, and in May of the following year 
he returned to Ohio, where he married 
Laura Bloomer, on May 5, 1857 ; she 
was born in Sherman, Huron Co., Ohio, 
Aug, 20, 1836; in May 1857, they 
moved to Prairie du Chien, Wis., resid- 
ing until they came to this county, which 
was on Oct. 16, 1858. 
BL.AKE AESON H. General 
Commission Merchant, Purchaser of 
Butter and Eggs ; was born in 
Milton, Chittenden County, Vermont, 
October 14, 1840; married Frankie 
Granger, Sept. 21, 1865; she was born 
in Milton, Chittenden Co., Vt., July 
13, 1844,; in Feb., 1867, they emi- 
grated to Volga City, Clayton Co., 
Iowa, where he was engaged in mercan- 
tile trade, and at which place he owns 
and controls a general store ; in 1875, 



DELAWARE TOWNSHIP. 



■569 



he came to this city, and in July, 1876, 
commenced his present business ; does 
a business in this city of $140,000.00 
per year ; bouglit and shipped four car 
loads of butter in ten days in June, 
1877 ; in Augrist and September, same 
year, bought and shipped to New York 
50,000 dozen eggs. 

Blake C. A. retired merchant. 

BLA^CHARD URI C. Farmer, 
Sec. 1, P. 0. Greeley ; born in Onondaga 
Co., N. Y., April 26, 1814 ; emigrated 
to Perry Co., Ind., with parents in 1816, 
where he resided until he came to this Co. 
in April, 1846, and where he married 
Martha Hutson Feb. 3, 1854, who was 
born in Parke Co., Ind., May 22, 1834. 

Blodgett James, laborer. 

Bloodhurst Sylvanus, laborer. 

Bloss Clarence, furniture finisher. 

Bloss M. F. finisher. 

Bloss W. H. laborer. 

Boardman J. R. laborer. 

BOYIVTON WM. X. Jeweler and 
Dealer in Watches, Clocks and Musical 
Instruments, Main street ; was born in 
Stephenson Co., 111., April 23, 1842 
married Julia Gaylord Feb. 16, 1870 
she was born in Winnebago Co., 111. 
moved to Galena, 111., residing there four 
years ; came to this county Feb. 22, 
1859, where he has been engaged in his 
present business. 

BRADIiEY CHARI.es C, M. 

I>. of the firm of Bradley & Sherman, 
ofi&ce on Franklin street, was born in 
Allegany County, N. Y., May 5, 1842; 
enlisted in the 136th, N. Y. V. I., serv- 
ing until the close of the war. Com- 
menced the study of medicine in Bush- 
ford, Allegany Co., N. Y., 1860, and 
entered Bellevue Hospital Medical Col- 
lege, N. Y., Sept. 1, 1865; graduated 
Feb. 27, 1867. He married Cornelia L. 
Merritt Sept. 4, 1866 ; she was born in 
Angelica, Allegany County, N. Y., 
August 23, 1842. Came to this 
county June- 20, 1867, settling in this 
city. 

Brady Charles, laborer. 

Brazell Charles. 

Bremner Wm. Sr. farmer. 

Bremner Wm. Jr. laborer. 

Briggs Thomas, laborer. 

BROXNOX CHAS. E. HON. 
Manchester, whose portrait appears in 



this work, was born in Lee Center, 
Oneida Co., N. Y., Nov. 21, 1841, his 
parents being early settlers of that 
county. In October, 1855, they moved 
to Iowa City, Iowa, their son Charles 
coming with them ; while there, he 
attended school until the age of 20 ; in 
the Spring of 1864, he went to Chicago, 
and after pursuing a course of study in 
Bryant & Stratton's Commercial Col- 
lege, graduated from that institution in 
the Fall of the same year ; he then re- 
turned to Iowa City, and studied law in 
the office of Fairall & Boal, and was 
admitted to the bar in 1866; immedi- 
ately after he came to Manchester, 
where he has practiced his profession 
ever since, having acquired a large and 
lucrative practice. In the Fall of 1877, 
he was elected on the Democratic ticket 
to the Senate of Iowa, to fill a vacancy, 
for the term of two years ; he was ap- 
pointed one of the Senate Committee to 
investigate matters connected with the 
Iowa Penitentiary. Married Miss Jen- 
nie E. Sheldon, at Earlville, June 29, 
1868; she was born in Cuyahoga Co., 
Ohio, in December, 1848 ; they have 
five children, all boys — Earl, Wirt, Lee, 
Byron and Henry. 

Bronson C. H. lecturer. 

BROXSON CLARK M. Dealer 
in Singer Sewing Machines and Musical 
Instruments, was born in Oneida Co., 
N. Y., June 17, 1817. Married Abby 
Cornish Oct. 14, 1840 ; she was born in 
Oneida County, N. Y., July 14, 1817. 
Moved in 1849, to Cuba, Allegany Co., 
N. Y., and after three years residence 
went to Camden, Oneida Co., N. Y.; in 
1854 they went to Worcester Co., Mass.; 
emigrated to Iowa in 1855, settling in 
Iowa City, and May 20, 1865, came to 
this city, where he has been engaged in 
his present business. 

Brook G. E. hotel. 

Brook Richard, hotel. 

BROOK|i$ R. L.. Farmer, Sec. 34 ; 
was born in Otsego Co., N., Y., in 1837, 
and lived there until 1852, then moved 
to Michigan, where he remained five 
years, and then came to this county ; 
married Lodiska C. Holcomb, of Pa., 
in 1861 ; owns 76 acres of land; Re- 
publican ; Congregational. 

Brown Henry, farmer. Sec. 10. 



570 



DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY 



Brown Peter, laborer. 
Brown Seth, boots and shoes. 
BROWX WILLIS E. Drugs, 
Stationery and Bookseller, Franklin 
street ; was born in Kane Co., 111., 
Sept. 4, 1842 ; he came from Kane Co., 
to this in Aug. 1855, settling in Rich- 
land Township ; came to this city in 
1S6U, when he enlisted in the 21st I. V. 
I., in May 1862, and was honorably dis- 
charged in July, 1805. Married T. E. 
Warner May 16, 1866, who was born in 
Richmondville, Schoharie Co., N. Y., 
Sept. 25, 1845; Mr. Brown has been 
one of the City Councilmen for the past 
five years. 
Brownell George, agent meat market. 
Brownell H. W. farmer. 
Brvne Morris, farmer. 
BUCKLEY CtJEORGE R. Dealer 
in Lumber, Lath, Shingles, Doors, Sash, 
Blinds and Coal ; office and yard near 
L C. R. R. depot ; born in Friendship, 
Allegany Co., N. Y., Feb. 4, 1824; 
in 1857, he went to Pa., where he 
learned the millwright trade, after which, 
in the Fall of 1859, he emigrated to 
Pike Co., 111., where he was engaged 
in bridge building; in 1850 he went to 
the Chippewa River, Wis., but after three 
years returned to N. Y. ; returning to 
the West he went to Minn., engaging 
in the lumber trade, and where he mar- 
ried Elizabeth J. Kelley, Oct. 9, 1856 ; 
she was born in N. H., in 1825 ; in 
1861, Mr. Buckley enlisted in the 6th 
Minn. V. I., and participated in the 
Fort Snelling massacre ; he was dis- 
charged and went to Winona, Minn., 
and in 1863 entered the Quartermaster's 
Department at Chattanooga, but was 
soon appointed to superintend the build- 
ing of the bridge at this point ; he sub- 
sequently went to Atlanta, Ga., and 
Nashville, Tenn. ; in 1865, he came to 
St. Louis; Mr. B. came to this State, 
first settling in Dubuque, Oct., 1867, 
became to this Co., settling in this city. 

Buller J. M., hardware. 

Burdict R. R. 

Burgess Wm. lalxirer, Sec. 3. 

Burnett H. A. carriage trimmer. 

Burnett J. M. tinner. 

Burnside Chas. merchant. 

Bnrrington Dwight, laborer. 

Bur ington John H. retired farmer. 



Burrington Vernon, laborer. 

Bushnell J. 0. farmer, Sec. 14. 

Buhler Max. clothier. 

BUTLER IRA U. Dealer in Hard- 
ware, Main street, was born in Owe- 
go, Tioga Co., N. Y., April 25, 1832 ; 
moved with parents when quite young 
to Erie, Pa., where he resided about 
five years, after which he went to West 
Springfield, Pa., and in 1847, he emi- 
grated to Conneaut, 0. In 1850, he 
went to Milwaukee, Wis., and in 1853 
went to Norwalk, Ohio ; after moving 
to Chicago and Dubuque, la., he came 
to this county, arriving June 17, 1857, 
settling in this city. He married Hattie 
M. Lowell, in August, 1859, who was 
born in Ontario County, N. Y., March 
19, 1840. 

/^ARKEEK T. T. carp, and builder. 

€ARR EDWIl^ M. Attorney at 
Law, City Hall Block, Franklin street, 
was bora in Cattaraugus Co., N. Y., 
June 28, 1850 ; emigrated to this coun- 
ty from native county in August, 1857 ; 
attended State University of Iowa, at 
Iowa City ; graduated in the law de- 
partment June 25, 1872, at which time 
he was adniittad to the Bar. Came to 
this city in April, 1872, and married 
Oct. 18, 1873, Emma C. Preussner, who 
was born in Chicago Sept. 5, 1852. 
Edward and Hubert are their children. 

Carroll M. J. bookkeeper. 

Carey F. F. clerk. 

Carpenter C. H. capitalist. 

Carter A. C. painter. 

Casterline H. H. renter. 

Cates F. A. cooper. 

Cates M. L. painter. 

CATTRON WILLIAM, Mer- 
chant; was born in Washington Co., 
Ind., and when one year old his parents 
removed to Fountain Co., Ind., but 
after ten years moved to La Porte Co., 
Ind., where he married Judith Eahart, 
April 9, 1843, who was born in Vir- 
ginia Aug. 15, 1824. They emigrated 
to this county in May, 1854, settling in 
Oneida Township, opening the first store 
in Plum Spring (now Greeley) in 1855 ; 
in Dec, 1859, he moved to Earlville, 
and to this city in the Fall of 1863. 

Chamberlain John, livery. 

Chapel J. L. laborer. 



DELAWARE TOWNSHIP 



571 



CAWIiEY WILLIAM C. Post- 
master; was born in Northampton Co., 
Pa., on Feb. 16, 1836 ; married Abby A. 
Milks June 5, 1860 ; she was born in 
Erie Co., Pa., on Aug. 22, 1843; Mr. 
Cawley went, when quite young, with 
parents to Union Co., Pa., and when 18 
years old immigrated to Iowa, settling in 
Dyersville ; came to this city in April 
13, 1858 ; in April. 1869, he was ap- 
pointed Postmaster, which office he 
now holds. 

Chapel E. H. painter. 

■Cheney A. B. 

Chevalier J. P. laborer. 

CHIIiDS WATTSON, Farmer, 
Sec. 22 ; born in Leroy, Jefferson Co., 
N. Y., April 14, 1832 ; in 1842. he re- 
moved to Madison Co., and the following 
Spring to Oneida Co., where he resided 
until the Fall of 1854 ; emigrated to 
Earlville, La Salle Co., 111., in 1855. 
The same year he went to Iowa, but re- 
turned to 111., where he worked by the 
month and taught school until 1857, 
when he again came to Iowa, and to 
this county; the Winter of 1858-9 he 
spent in Chickasaw Co., Iowa, but again 
returned here. Married Prusilla Shel- 
don Nov. 10, 1859, who was born in 
Lee, Oneida Co., N. Y., Sept. 13, 1833 ; 
they moved on their present farm in 
April, 1863, on which they have made 
all the improvements. 

Clark A. C. starch factory. 

Clark 0. D. blacksmith. 

Clemens E. 0. farmer. Sec. 4. 

Clough J. A. laborer. 

Clugston James, farmer. Sec. 12. 

€OFFIN_ CLEMENT, deceased ; 
was born in Edgarton, Martha's Vine- 
yard, Mass., Aug. 25, 1796. He was 
the youngest child of Capt. Edy Coffin, 
and of the sixth generation in descent 
from Fristram Coffin, who emigrated 
from the County of Devon, England, 
and settled in Massachusetts, in the 
town of Nftwberry, now called New- 
buryport. The first English record is 
of Sir Richard Coffin, one of the 
Knights who came with William the 
Conquerer from Normandy, France. The 
race has always been remarkable for 
mental and physical ability, vigor and 
longevity. Capt. Coffin removed his 
family to Williamsburg, Hampshire Co., 



Mass., in May, 1801, and died there in 
1821. His son, Clement, was married 
April IG, 1817, in Williamsburg, to 
Miss Susan Williams, of the same 
place, a lady of superior ability, both 
natural and acquired. They had eight 
children, three died in early childhood 
the others were Elizabeth Williams 
wife of Henry Baker, who died in 1859 
Arabella Gere, wife of Joel Bailey 
Susan Corisandee, wifeofLeander Keyes 
Jerome Watson, and Sarah Ann Vincent, 
wife of Ray B. Griffin. The family re- 
moved to Michigan in 1835, settling on 
the disputed tract of land afterward 
ceded to Ohio, in what is now Fulton 
County, then Williams. In 1840, thev 
came to Iowa, and settled in the grove 
that bears his name, and where Judge 
Coffin died, July 25, 1867. He was a 
man independent in his purposes and 
judgments, naturally of a noble nature, 
keen perceptions, (juick in thought and 
expression, kind feelings, however un- 
favorably manifested in sudden expres- 
sions, still kind, as many a house of 
sickness and heart of sorrow can testify ; 
a man with traits nobler if sharper than 
common. Punctuality, activity, energy 
and fidelity in the discharge of his duties 
marked his character. He was the first 
Judge of Probate of Delaware County ; 
was one of the first Board of Trustees 
appointed by the Legislature for the 
Agricultural College at Ames. Without 
soliciting it, was appointed Postmaster 
by President Taylor and held it many 
years, sending in his resignation, when, 
by reason of advancing years, the duties 
became a burden. In politics he was a 
Democrat. 

Colman L. A. retired miller. 

Cummerford Geo. restaurant. 

Congar E, J. druggist. 

Conffar E. R. banker. 

COl^OAR HEXRY M. one of 
the firm of Congar Bros., Bankers ; 
was born in Wyoming County, N. Y., 
March 31, 1832; when nine years 
old, he moved to Whitewater, Wal- 
worth County, Wis., and on Sept. 9, 
1856, he married Cynthia L. Leffing- 
well, who was born in Chautauqua Co., 
N. Y., June 25, 1832 ; the same year, 
he came to this county, and in May of 
the following year engaged in mercantile 



572 



DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY: 



trade, continuing fifteen years ; opened 
their present bank in Jan., 1875; has 
thiee children. 

Conirar R. M. clerk. 

Conley J. F. barber. 

Connell W. H. 

Conner Aaron, clerk. 

Conner F. M. laborer. 

Connery John, laliorer. 

Cooley, J. C. fanner, Sec. 32. 

Cooley J. A. clerk. 

Cooley N. W. carpenter. 

COOLEY WARD €. deceased, 
born in Grafton County, N. H., July 
31, 1813; married Sally W. Priest, 
February 23. 1837, who was born 
in Grafton Co., N. H., July 31, 1814; 
they emigrated to this Co., settling on 
their present farm, Dec. 2, 1859; here 
Mr. Cooley died Oct. 6, 1865. San- 
ford Mason, who was born in Chenango 
Co., N. Y., June 13, 1830, and married 
their second daughter, Rosetta, Aug. 8, 
1866, resides with his mother-in-law on 
Sec. 32. 

Cooley W. A. merchant. 

COOX AMOS F. Farmer, Sec. 23; 
born in Washington Co., N. Y., April 
8, 1815; in Feb., 1817, he moved with 
his parents to Wyoming Co., where on 
Jan. 5, 1837, he married Susannah 
Wheeler, who was born in Otsego Co., 
N. Y., Sept. 9. 1808; they emigrated 
to Allen Co.. Ind.. in the Spring of 
1837, and in the Spring of 1857, came 
to this Co., settling in this Township ; 
owns 1 .(too acres of land in this Co. ; 
Allen F. Coon, his son, was born in 
Allen Co.. Ind., Oct. 5. 1843, and mar- 
ried Delilah M. Andrews, Jan. 19, 1876; 
she was born in Allen Co.. Ind., Sept. 15, 
1851. 

Coon Allen F. farmer : Sec. 23. 

COOX E. SPAIXDIXG, Farmer, 
Sec. 23 ; burn in Allen Co., Ind., March 
3, 1840; came to this Co. with his 
parents in the Spring of 1857 ; he set- 
tled on and improved his present farm 
in 1866 ; married Sarah J. Hunt, April 
26, 1S62, whd was born in La Porte 
Co., Ind.. and who died in this county; 
again married Puttie Coleson, June 17, 
1877, who was born in Delaware Co., 
Iowa. Mav 18, 1857. 

COTTON MOREI.L, Druggist, 
was born in C(jrtlaud ,Counly, N. Y., 



March 30, 1835 ; in 1855, he moved to 
Tioga County, Pa., where he was en- 
gaged in the lumber trade, after which 
he was employed by the Blossburg and 
Erie railroads. He married Ruana H. 
Weeks, in December, 1861 ; she was 
born in Northampton, Mass. They came 
to this county, settling in this city in 
June, 1857. Have two children — George 
M. and Emma J. 

COVEY JAMES H. (deceased), 
born in Cayuga County, N. Y., No- 
vember 3, 1810. Married Mary Bereau 
January 13, 1840, who was born in 
Cayuga County, N. Y., Feb. 15, 1819. 
They resided in Venice, Scipio and Sem- 
pronius, Cayuga Co., N. Y., and then 
emigrated to Seneca County, 0., where 
they resided until Nov. 25, 1854, when 
they came to this county, settling in 
Manchester- came to their present farm, 
where Mr. Covey died Sept. 5, 1872. 

Cronk C. S. farmer. Sec. 34. 

Cronk Oliver, farmer. Sec. 19. 

CROSBY CHAS. STETSOX, 
Attorney at Law ; born in Hampden, 
Penobscot Co., Maine, Oct. 2, 1824. 
Graduated at Bowdoin College, Bruns- 
wick, Me., in the class of 1846; read 
law with Edward Kent and Jonas Cut- 
ting, lately Judges of Supreme Court 
of Maine ; and at the Cambridge Law 
School in 1847-8 ; came to Manchester 
in 1867. 

Crosby, P. S. gardener. 

CROSBY THEOPHII.US, Pro- 
prietor of Pleasant Hill Farm, Nursery 
and Garden, Sec. 32 ; was born in Frank- 
lin Co., Mass. July 12, 1812; married 
Abigail C. Thayer Oct. 26, 1836, who 
was born in Franklin Co., Mass., Aug. 
28, 1813. The day they were married 
moved to Springfield, Mass. In 1837, 
they moved to Cuyahoga Co., Ohio, go- 
ing to Cleveland in 1846 ; from there 
they emigrated to this township, arriving 
October 26, 1853, settling in Ead's 
Grove Dec. 4 ; came to their present 
place in March, 1869. 

Cross 0. M. book agent. 

Crosier S. 0. carpenter. 

~pvAY ALVAH, preacher. 

DAVIS WIIiL-IAM O. Farmer; 
formerly of this county ; was born in 
Canada December 18, 1848; he came 



DELAWARE TOWNSHIP. 



573 



to this county with hisparents, who now 
reside in Coffin's Grove Township, when 
quite young, and has been a resident 
of this phice until recently. He mar- 
ried on March 19, 1875, Tinnie Stimp- 
son, who was born in Climax, Kalama- 
zoo Co., Mich., Feb. 18, 1855; she has 
been engaged in school teaching, a 
position she has fliithfully filled, as she 
undoubtedly will all other avocations of 
life. 

Day Chas. H. express agent. 

Day H. M. commercial agent. 

DEJI^fTON XIXSOX (deceased), 
whose portrait appears in this work, 
was born in Carlisle, Eng., April 4, 
1832 ; emigrated with his parents to 
New York City when a boy. Here he 
received an excellent education, espe- 
cially in mathematics. In 1850, he 
came to Chicago with his parents, and, 
upon the death of his father by cholera 
in 1857, sought employment as an 
engineer binder R. B. Mason, who was 
then pioneering the construction of the 
Illinois Central, but was obliged to 
accept a subordinate position until a 
vacancy occurred. He was engaged in 
the construction of the Illinois Central 
from Springfield to Dunleith. Mr. Den- 
ton was married at Clinton, 111., to 
Mary A. Magill Jan. 5, 1859. In 
1856, as a partner in the contracting firm 
of Magill, Denton & Co., he began the 
construction of the Dubuque & Pacific 
Railroad, and continued as a contractor 
for the road until it was extended to 
Cedar Falls in 1859. He again be- 
came a partner in the firm that extended 
the same road to Fort Dodge, and for 
several years after was engaged in vari- 
ous contracts, among them being a road 
from Cincinnati northward, the Du- 
buque & Minnesota Road, and a branch 
of the Northwestern in Northern Michi- 
gan. Mr. Denton settled in Manchester 
in 1856, and when the town was incor- 
porated in 1866, was elected a member 
of the Council, which place he held for 
two years. In 1866, when Congress 
passed the law organizing the Northern 
Pacific Railway Company, Mr. Denton 
was made one of the incorporators. He 
soon after visited Duluth, but, being 
doubtful of the pecuniary results, al- 
lowed his opportunity to pass, even 



refusing $5,000 for his place in the 
company. In 1866, in connection with 
J. E. Ainsworth, of Dubuque, he incor- 
porated the Manchester Manufacturing 
Company, and built the shops the same 
year. Two or three years after, he 
became sole owner, and, in 1877, trans- 
ferred the property to the Delaware 
County Manufiicturing Company. In 
1867, he began to improve the tract of 
land just west of Manchester, now 
called " Oak Grove Farm," and in the 
Winter of 1873-4, he purchased most 
of the blooded stock formerly owned by 
R. A. Babbage, in Butler Co., and 
entered with zest upon the live stock 
business. In 1875, he again became a 
member of the Town Council, and the 
Silsby fire engine being purchased that 
year, it was by common consent named 
" N. Denton," and the company organ- 
ized to man it bears also the same name. 
Early in December, 1877, Mr. Denton 
started to Brenham, Tex., with a num- 
ber of cattle and horses for sale, but 
being injured on the way — the conse- 
quences of a sharp collision on a side- 
track of another car with that in which 
he was traveling — he died at Denison, 
Tex., Jan. 8 1878, leaving a widow, 
four sons — William M., Robert A., 
Fred H. and Harry R., and two daugh- 
ters, Mary R. and Kate E., to deplore 
his untimely death. His remains were 
sent home and interred in Manchester 
Cemetery on the 14th, a procession of 
Manchester Lodge, A., F. and A. M., 
swelled in numbers by members of 
neighboring lodges, and the three fire 
companies escorting his remains to the 
grave. Mr. Denton was justly regarded 
as a most enterprising citizen, and liberal 
toward all deserving enterprises. He 
had accumulated a considerable fortune, 
and was a Director in the Delaware 
County Bank from its organization. 
Before closing this sketch it is but jus- 
tice to him to state that, upon the death 
of his father, when he was but 19 years 
of age, he undertook the charge and 
maintenance of his mother and family, 
a charge, in the words of his aged 
mother, " he faithfully and tenderly 
fulfilled, and he bears a noble record as 
a devoted son and a kind and considerate 
brother. May the Lord be his reward." 



574 



DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY 



Dillon Edward, laborer. 
Dillon John J. laborer. 
DICKIXSOX RUFrS, Farmer, 
Sec. 12 ; born in Albany Co., N. Y., 
March 1-i, 1826 ; came to this county 
in May 1 853, locating land in the above 
Section, and then went to Kane Co., 111., 
where he was occupied on a farm until 
the Fall of that year (185-4), when he 
again came to this county, working by 
the month in Epworth and other 
places, until the following year, when 
he commenced the improvement of 
his farm and on which he has since 
resided. 
Dodson C. M. 

DOCiJCiJETT SIMEON L. Attor- 
ney at Law ; was born in Charleston, S. 
C, March 29, 1829 ; in 1837, moved 
to Worcester Co., Mass., where he 
studied law and was admitted to the bar 
of the Supreme Court of that State 
in 1856; emigrated to this State May 
28, 1857, settling in Dubuque, where 
he married Mary A. White, July 15, 
1857 ; she was born in Pittsfield, Otse- 
go Co., N. Y., Aug. 4, 1830 ; they came 
to this county in Aug., 1858 ; Mr. D. 
taught the select high school in this city 
from 1858 to 1864, and has been Mayor 
of this city five years. 

Doolittle W. J. wason maker. 

DOKMAN CHARL.es W. Den- 
tist, City Hall Block, Franklin street ; 
was born in Schoharie Co., N. Y., Dec. 
8, 1838; in 1856, he went to Jersey 
City, N. J., and to Delaware Co., N. Y., 
where he studied law, after which he 
crossed the plains to Pike's Peak and 
then to California, where he remained 
about five years, and in the meantime 
returned to N. Y., and married Helen 
F. Manchester March 27, 1864; she 
was born in Saratoga Co.. N". Y., May 
1, 1845 ; emigrated to the this State in 
1867, crossing the plains from CaUfor- 
nia, in a wagon with his wife and two 
children, settling in Fayette Co. ; came 
to this county in April, 1872, commenc- 
ing his present business. 

Dowd John, farmer. Sec. 1. 

Dubois Abram, Sr., shoemaker. 

Dubois Abraham, Jr., laborer. 

Dudley C. A. telegraph operator. 

Dudley Wm. renter. Sec. 31. 

Duffle J. S. grocer. 



DUNHAM ABNER, Farmer, Sec. 
26; born in La Porte Co., Ind., Aug. 
20. 1841 ; emigrated to this Co. in 1855, 
and the same year settled on his present 
farm of 80 acres. Enlisted in Co. F, 
12th I. V. L, Sept. 24, 1861; engaged 
in battle at Fort Donelson and taken 
prisoner at Shiloh ; after 6 months and 
11 dajs he was paroled in Richmond, 
Va., and exchanged about Dec. 15, of 
that year; returning to his company, he 
was promoted First Lieutenant, and en- 
gaged in battles at Vicksburg, White 
River, siege at Nashville,Spanish Fort and 
Blakely ; honorably discharged after the 
close of the war. Married Sophronia 
E. Boynton Sept. 15, 1869; she was 
born in Jo Daviess Co., 111., Dec. 3, 
1845. Mr. D. was elected SheriflF of 
this Co. in 1862, serving two terms. 

DIJXHAII FERDINAND W. 
Retired Farmer; born in Otsego Co.,N. 
Y., Feb. 20, 1814; emigrated to La 
Porte, Ind., in 1839, where he married 
Angeline McCallum, Sept. 13, 1840, 
who was born in Otsego Co., N. Y., 
Aug. 6. 1814; she came to La Porte 
Co., Ind., in 1835; came from Ind. to 
this Co. in March, 1855, settling on Sec. 
26 ; moved to this city in the Spring of 
1869. Mr. Dunham is one of the Su- 
pervisors of this county. 

DUNHAM OBADIAH A. Farm 
er. Sec. 25 ; born in La Porte, La Porte 
Co., Ind., July 3, 1852; came to this 
Co. with his father, F. Dunham, in 
1855, settling on Sec. 26; in 1869, he 
moved to Manchester, attending school 
and clerking foi Cougar Bros, and D.G. 
Eldredge. Married Florence S. Rea 
Jan. 12, 1875, who was born in Colony, 
Delaware Co., Iowa, May 28, 1854. 
They came to their present farm of 160 
acres Jan. 20, 1875. Alton Ferdinand 
is their only child. 

Dunlap John, blacksmith. 

DURBON J. W. Prop. Merchants' 
Hotel, Main St.; was born in Cayu- 
ga Co., N. Y., April 22, 1817; 
when 15 years old he went to Genesee 
Co., N. Y. Married Amanda Holen- 
beck in Feb., 1838, who was born in 
Berkshire Co., Mass., in 1820. After 
27 years' residence in Genesee Co., they 
emigrated to Lenawee Co., Mich., and 
from there to this Co. in the Spring of 



DELAWARE TOWNSHIP. 



575 



1865; built his present hotel, at a cost 
■)f 35,000, and occupied it in the Fall 
of 1874. 

Button Owen P. laborer. 

"rnDMUNDS JAMES, farmer, Sec. 22. 

EATOX CHARL.es B. Manufac- 
turer of and Dealer in Harness, Saddles 
and Collars, Main st.; was born in 
Livingston Co., N. Y., June 15, 
1837. In 1844, he emigrated to Win- 
nebago Co., 111., settling in Rockford, 
where he married Martha Weidman, 
June 17, 1864, who was born in Lysau- 
der, N. Y. ; she died Nov. 26, 1874. 
Mr. Eaton came to this Co. in 1865, 
settling in this city, where he has been 
engaged in his present business. En- 
listed in the 11th I. V. I. 

EDMUXDS HENRY L. Farmer, 
Sec. 26 ; born in Dutchess Co., N. Y., 
July 20, 1824; when quite young, 
went to Oswego. N. Y., when in 1850, 
he went to California, but after three 
years returned to Oswego Co., N. Y. 
Married Eliza Platts Dec. 15, 1869 ; 
she was born in Ashton, Lancashire, 
England, May 12, 1832 ; Mr. Edmunds 
came to this county in Aug., 1853, set- 
ling on his present farm. 

EHMIJXDS STEPHEX J. Far 
mer, Sec. 22 ; born in Oswego Co., N. 
Y., May 29, 1838; emigrated to this 
county in Feb., 1854 ; settled on his 
present farm of 128 acres in Feb., 1858 ; 
married Phoebe A. Coon in April, 1862 ; 
she was born in Allen Co., Ind., and 
died Feb. 1, 1875; again married Bell 
M. Ross Feb. 14, 1877 ; she was born 
in Winfield, Herkimer Co., N. Y., 
March 29, 1846 ; had six children by 
first marriage and one by second. 

Eldridge D. G. traveling man. 

Eller John, stone cutter. 

EMER80X FRANKLIN, Re 
tired Farmer ; was born in Erie Co ., 
N. Y., May 3, 1814; in 1834, he re- 
moved to Niles, Mich. ; after two years, he 
moved to Racine, Wis., where he was 
engaged in trade with the Pottawato- 
mies, and afterward helped them move 
to Council Bluffs, Iowa, after which he 
settled in Dubuque, Iowa, where he 
married Mary Wharton Dec. 23, 1841, 
who was born in Nenthead, Cumberland 
Co., Eng., Aug. 26, 1825 ; they re- 



sided in Dubuque four years, when they 
moved to Clayton Co. ; in Oct., 1852, 
came to this count)', settling in Richland 
Township ; came to this city in April, 
1877 ; was Sheriff of Clayton Co. 

Estey Silas, milk dealer. 

Estey V. S. son of above Estey. 

Evans Frank P. 

Evans Fred, meat market. 

Evans R. H. 

EVANS SAMUEL S. of the Firm 
of Evans & Rich, Meat Market, Main 
street, was born in Chittenden Co., Vt., 
Jan. 19, 1831 ; moved to Franklin Co., 
Vt., and married Cornelia Popple Sept. 
20, 1854, who was born in Plattsburg, 
Clinton Co., N. Y., May 12, 1835 ; then 
moved to Fort Covington, Franklin Co., 
N. Y., and after residing in Burke and 
other places in New York, they came to 
this county in 1864, settling in this city. 
Frank P., Charles L. and Samuel S., 
are their children. 

EWART ROBERT M. County 
Superintendent of Schools, was born in 
Belfast, Ireland, July 18, 1841 ; emi- 
grated to this country with parents, ar- 
riving Nov. 12, 1866, settling in Sand 
Spring, this county, and has since re- 
sided at Hopkinton, where he received 
his education at the Lenox Collegiate 
Institute. Elected to his present office 
in 1875, and re-elected in 1877. He 
married Minnie S. Dean March 28, 
1877 ; she was born in Cascade, Du- 
buque Co., Iowa, Aug. 27, 1853. They 
date their residence in this city from Oc- 
tober, 1877. 

"TpARR H. P. renter, Sec. 30. 

Fenner Calvin, farmer, Sec. 11. 

Fenner W. J. farmer. Sec. 11. 

Ferris C. W. laborer. Sec. 10. 

Ferris Daniel, farmer. Sec. 10. 

FERRIS DAVID P. Farmer, Sec. 
15, was born in Cuyahoga Co., 0., July 
8, 1816; his parents moved to Dearborn 
Co., Ind., when he was three months 
old, where he lived until 1826, and 
moved to St. Joseph Co., Ind. He 
married Hannah A. Cook Aug. 6, 1834, 
who was born in New York ; she died 
Aug. 12, 1839. Again, married Lucy 
Vaughn April 12, 1840, who was born 
in Dearborn Co., Ind., in 1818. They 
emigrated to this county in July, 1856, 



576 



DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY : 



settling on his present farm, on which 
he has made all the improvements. 
Ferris Jay, laborer, Sec. 10. 
Ferrv Lennen. 
Finch D. H. clerk. 
Finch George, laborer. 
Finch Warren, laborer. 
Fisk L. H. printer. 
Flint Francis, janitor. 
FLINT GEORGE D. Manufac 
turer of Pork and Flour Barrels, Butter 
Firkins and Tubs, Churns, in fact, all 
kinds of Cooperage, upper part of 
Franklin st. ; employs 60 hands, on an 
average. Was born in Medina Co., 
Ohio," April 11, 1847. In 1861, 
he immigrated to Steuben Co., Ind., 
where, in 1864, he enlisted in Co. Gr, 
44th Ind. V. I., serving nearly two 
years. Came from the army to this 
Co. Sept. 23, 1865; two years ago 
he bought his present shop. Married 
Martha Stephens Sept. 7, 1868, who 
was born in Tamaqua, Schuylkill Co., 
Pa., Nov. 28, 1851, and came with 
her parents to this Co. in 1855. 
Foley John, bastxage master. 
FORl> BROS. Dealers in Grocer- 
ies, Boots and Shoes, Franklin st. 
John W. the senior member of the 
firm, was born in Saratoga Co., N. 
Y., Aug. 23. 1845 ; George was born in 
Rockford, 111., Jan. 18, 1848. William 
Ford, their father, was born in Wash- 
ington Co., N. Y., Aug. 18, 1824; 
maiTied Mary Welch, Sept. 19, 1844; 
resided in Northumberland, Saratoga 
Co., N. Y., until 1846, when they emi- 
grated to Rockford, 111.; came to this 
Co. with his family in 1864; he died 
Nov. 9, 1876. 
Forsythe, Alex, laborer. 
Fowler, A. W. saloon keeper. 
Foster. W. E. blacksmith. 
FOSTER W3I. G. Restaurant and 
Bakery, Franklin st.; was born in Al- 
bany, N. Y., May 14, 1837. When 
3 years old, he, with his parents, 
moved to Coxsackie, N. Y., and at 12 
years went to Trenton, N. J., residing 
there about twenty-one years. Married 
Annie McLec, Aug. 18, 1861; she waa 
born in England. They came to this 
Co. in June, 1H72, first settling in this 
city, and engaged in their present busi- 
ness. 



Franks C. H. laborer. 

Franklin Ezekiel, barber. 

FRENCH PHARES S. Me- 
chanic, was born in Cortland Co., 
N. Y., Jan. 23, 1837; immigrated to 
Oakland Co., Mich., in 1847, where he 
resided eight years, and then to Fort 
Dodge, Iowa, in 1855; the same year, 
he came to this Co., where he has 
made his home, with the exception of 
three years in California. Married Mary 
Dubois Nov. 8, 1857, who was born 
in Allegany Co., N. Y., Aug. 7, 1842. 

Fuller Andrew, carpenter. 

Freelove, J. B. tinner. 

r^ AINES, E. S. bookkeeper. 

Gale D. H. broommaker. 

Garrison J. M. laborer. 

Garrison 0. L. laborer. 

Gardner J. A. saloon. 

Gates G. D. painter. 

Gates L. S. farmer, Sec. 35. 

Gately Alfred, saloon. 

Gill R. V. gardener. 

GlilSENDORF FRED. Meat 
Market, Main street, was born ia 
Germany, Aug. 2, 1838; came to this 
country, settling in Milwaukee, Wis., 
September, 1857. He afterward moved 
to Chicago, residing eight years there, 
and then came to this county, settling 
in this city in September, 1865. Mar- 
ried Anna Mouermann Oct. 9, 1867 ; 
she was born in Austria Jan. 24, 1847. 
Mr. Glesendorf has been one of Man- 
chester's business men ever since he set- 
tled here. Verony and Anna are the 
living children ; Emma, their eldest 
child, died April 14, 1877; Charles, their 
third child, died April 16, 1877. 

Glover H. G. farmer. Sec. 5. 

Goodell Wm. merchant. 

Goodell W. H. merchant. 

Goodyear Dennis, clock repairer. 

Gordon G. W. laborer. 

Gorham Nathan, blacksmith. 

Grace James, tailor. 

GRAHAM HENRY" C. of the 
Firm of H. C. Graham & Co., Dealers in 
Groceries, Crockery, and purchasers of 
Produce, Franklin street, was born ia 
Perry, Lake County, Ohio, Jan. 1, 
1833; moved to Mishawaka, Ind., ia 
1854, and after two years' residence he 
went to Elkhart, Ind., and in 1861, 



DELAWARE TOWNSHIP. 



577 



moved to Janesville, Wis., and in July, i 
1868, emigrated to this county, settling j 
in this city, and in September of the j 
same year, commenced his present busi- ! 
ness. Was married to Flora C. Weber, 
Nov. 9, 1868 ; she was born in Friend- 
ship, Allegany Co., N. Y., May 5, 
1843. 

Granger H. A. groceries. 

Green Arthur C. 

Green H. W. physiciin. 

Green James, renter, Sec. 3. 

Green S. W. physician. 

OREEX WOOD WII.LIAM H. 

Photographer and Ornamental Painter, 
Tama street ; was born in Wilmington, 
Del., February 11, 1838 ; married Caro- 
line M. Collyer July 3, 1859, who 
was born in TuUy Valley, Onondaga 
Co., N. Y., July 9, 1840. They were 
married at Clinton Junction, Rock Co., 
Wis., where they had moved ; they 
moved to Delaware Co., Iowa, June 
8, 1866 ; commenced his present busi- 
when fifteen years old. 

Gregg F. B. printer. 

Grice Thomas, cooper. 

GRIFFIN RAY B. Attorney at 
Law and Real Estate Dealer; born in 
Chenango Co., N. Y., Feb. 27, 1836; 
received his education in Madison and 
Oneida Cos., N. Y. ; started out in life 
at the age of 15 years, dependent upon 
his own resources ; graduated in the Law 
Department of Hamilton College, at 
Clinton, Oneida Co., N. Y., in the law 
class of 1856 ; was admitted to practice 
law in all the courts of New York at 
Oswego City July 8, 1856 ; when only 
20 years old, came to Davenport, Iowa, 
in the Fall of 1856 ; in the Spring of 
1857, removed to Manchester, and in 
August of the same year was appointed 
by Hon. Joel Bailey, then County Trea- 
surer and Recorder, as Deputy, and for 
two and one-half years filled the ofl&ce of 
Deputy County Treasurer and Recorder ; 
was elected Treasurer and Recorder of 
the county, upon the Democratic ticket, 
in the Fall of 1859, and filled the office 
until Jan. 1, 1862 ; in the Winter of 
1864, went to California, and Virginia 
City, Nevada; returned to Delhi the 
same Summer. In the Fall of 1865, per- 
manently settled in Manchester, and 
continued the practice of law, and ex- 



tensively engaged in dealing in real 
estate ; has done much to encourage the 
settlement and improvement of the town 
and county, and engaged largely in im- 
proving farms throughout the county, 
as well as making extensive and valu- 
able improvements in Manchester, and 
at present is the largest landholder in 
Delaware Co., all of which, he assures 
us, has been acquired honestly and by 
careful, prudent and economical invest- 
ments, guarded with zealous economy 
and industry. In 1868, being regarded 
as a sound representative of Democracy, 
was sent by the Democratic Convention 
of Iowa as one of the delegates to the 
National Democratic Convention that 
convened in New York July 4, 1868. 
He was married Oct. 30, 1858, to Sarah 
Ann Vincint Coffin, youngest daughter 
of the late Judge Clement Coffin, of 
Coffin's Grove, in this county ; she was 
born Oct. 13, 1834, in Williamsburg, 
Mass., and when a child removed with 
her parents to Michigan, and thence 
to Coffin's Grove in 1840, while still 
the Indian hunting ground; .she was 
educated in Dubuque ; they have seven 
children living — Elizabeth Baker, Cle- 
ment Coffin, Mary Luella, Ray Bur- 
dette, Jr., Simeon Brown, Jr., Sarah 
Ann Vincint, and Ethel Ray Griffin; 
one son died when less than two years 
old. 
Ghrist I. W. physician. 

ADLEY J. C. carpenter. 



H 



Hageman John, blacksmith. 

Haker Edmonds, laborer. 

Hale N. G. clerk. 

Hale N. T. clerk. 

HAHBLIN ENOS, of the firm of 
Whitman, Hamblin & Co., Blacksmiths 
and Wagon Manufacturers, Fayette st.; 
was born in St. Lawrence Co., N. Y., 
Oct. 10, 1830. Married Hester A. 
Noble, July 4, 1858. She was born in 
Montville, Geauga Co., Ohio, March 3, 
1835. In 1856, came to this county, 
first settling in Delhi, residing six 
months, then to Dyersville; moved to 
this city soon after, and entered the 
above firm about one year since. Haa 
five children. 

Hamblin John, meat market. 

Harris George, laborer. 



578 



DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY: 



HAML.IX HEXRY F. bom in 

Smithport, McKean County, Penn., 
April 14, 188-t; moved to Belvidere, 
Boone County, 111., Sept. 1, 1845; 
moved to Forestville, Delaware County, 
March, 15, 1856, and started the first 
store of any consequence, under the 
firm name of Hamlin & Son ; moved to 
Manchester Feb. 20, 1862. Married 
Miss Hattie A. Clark, at Belvidere, 111., 
Sept. 7, 1857; they have three children 
—Frank H., Charles F. and Clare For- 
rest, aged respectively, 20, 16 and 10 
years. Is now engaged in mercantile 
business with Riddell Bros. 
Harris I. N. saloon keeper. 
Harris Orange, carpenter. 
Hartson George, laborer ; Sec. 2. 
Hartson Isaac, farmer. 
Haskell H. B. foundry. 
Hayes John B. 
Heath J. C. clerk. 
Heath John, laborer. 

HEMPSTEAD JOHIV, Farmer, 
Sec. 11 ; born in Verona, Oneida Co., 
N. jY., Nov. 13, 1822; his parents 
moved to Chautauqua County in 1833, 
where he was engaged in farming ; in 
1850, emigrated to "Dodge Co., Wis., 
and then came to this county, arriving 
in Oct., 1854, settling on Sec. 16, where 
he married Lucinda Wilcox, Feb, 22, 
1859, who was born in Ripley, Chautau- 
qua Co., N. Y., Oct. 2, 1833 ; moved 
on their present farm in 1868 ; one child 
— Mary R. 
Henry J. J. laborer. 
Herrick W. D. clerk. 
HESXER ANDREW J. farmer, 
Sec. 8 ; born in Rock Co., Wis., Jan. 
11, 1849 ; came from Rock County to 
Clayton Co., Iowa, when two years old, 
with his parents, and to this county in 
the Fall of 1871, where he married 
Maria tietherington Jan. 2, 1871 ; 
she was born in Rock Co., Wis., Feb. 
20, 1848 ; they moved on their present 
farm, on which he has made valuable 
improvements. 

HETHERINOTON AMOS, 

Farmer, Sec. 7; was born in Delaware Co., 
Iowa, June 1, 1856 ; his father, Thomas 
Hetheringtou, came to this county twenty, 
five years ago, and is one of the old settlers 
of this county ; Amos and Asher, twin 
brothers, with their mother Susanah, are 



residing on the farm ; Matilda, Marj 

and Amanda are his sisters. 
Hetheringtou Thos. retired farmer. 
Heys G. H. blacksmith. 
Higman J. B. renter. Sec. 23. 
Hills Levi, grocer. 
Hoag Egbert, mill owner. 
Hoag J. J. mill owner. 
Hollister A. A. farmer, Sec. 4. 
Hollister G. F. laborer. 
Hollister Geo. F. renter. 
HOI.I.ISTER WILIilAM H. 

Farmer, See. 9 ; born in Warsaw, Wy- 
oming Co., N. Y., March 23, 1830 ; he 
with his parents, moved to Chautauqua 
Co., N. Y., in 1840. Here he married 
Margaret E. Wilcox, January 10, 1849; 
who was born in Mayville, Chautauqua 
County, N. Y., July 27, 1832. They 
moved to Portland, Chautauqua Co., 
but after three years emigrated to Boone 
County, 111.; in April 4, 1855, they 
came to this county, settling on their 
present farm, on which they have made 
good improvements. 

Holmes H. R. bootmaker. 

H O L, ME S THEODORE, Mill 

Owner, in Millheim, Sec. 3 ; was born 
in Seneca Co., Ohio, April 24, 1828; 
moved to DeKalb Co., Ind., in 1842, 
and to La Porte Co., Ind., in 1846. 
Came to this county, settling in Honey 
Creek Township in 1860. Married C. 
Matilda Hutson Oct. 9, 1862, who was 
born in this county March 25, 1842. 

Hooker Benj. laborer. 

Hoosner J. C. cooper. 

Hornby John, saloon. 

HOWLAND IRA, Farmer; S. 32; 
born in Grafton Co., N. H., Oct. 9, 
1817. In this county he married Tir- 
zah Cooley, Jan. 26, 1843, who was 
born in Grafton Co., N. H., Feb. 16, 
1822. Lived in their native county 
until March, 1858, when they emi- 
grated to Janesville, Wis., and in March, 
1865, again emigrated to this county, 
settling on their present farm. Have 
three children living. 

Howland R. W. clerk. 

HOYT HIRAM (of the firm of 
Granger & Hoyt, Dealers in Groceries, 
etc., Franklin street). Was born in 
Essex Co., Vt., on May 27, 1838. 
When eight years old, he moved, with 
parents, to Coos Co., N. H., and in the 



DELAWARE TOWNSHIP. 



579 



Spring of 1858 came to this State, first 
settling in West Union, Fayette Co., 
la., and in 1860 went on a tour for a 
location farther west, but returned, set- 
tling in this city Oct. 15, 1864. He is 
engaged in buying live stock and grain, 
giving his entire attention to that busi- 
ness. Married Etna P. Loomis, daugh- 
ter of A. R. Loomis, Dec. 9, 1868, 
She was born in Georgia, Vt. 

Hoyt S. M., faraier; S. 3. 

Hulbert Philetus, laborer. 

Hulbert \V. A. laborer. 

Huling A. C. laborer. 

HUSTED CHARLES, Attorney 
at Law, office on FrankJin st.; was born 
in Kingston, Ulster Co., N. Y., on Dec. 
28, 1843; came to this State in 1860, 
settling in Dubuque Co., and then to 
Mason City ; admitted to the bar in 
Black Hawk Co., in Oct., 1868 ; married 
Sarah E. Keagy June 16, 1869 ; she 
was born in Pa. Mr. Husted went to 
Colorado and from there to this county, 
settling in this city in 1866. 

Hutchinson Henry, capitalist. 

HITTCHOSOX JOS. Capitalist, 
office in City Hall Block, Franklin St.; 
was born in London, England, May 11, 
1852 ; came to this country in June, 
1856, first settling in Dyersville, Du- 
buque Co., Iowa; one year from the 
following Sept. he came to this city. 

Hutson J. C. farmer : Sec. 1 . 

HUTSOX JIATHE W D. Farmer; 
Sec. 1 ; born in Delaware Co., Iowa, 
Aug. 8, 1845 ; enlisted in the 11th Mo. 
Cav., Co. B, on Feb. 1, 1852, and was 
engaged in the battles at Prairie Grove, 
Helena and Brownsville, Ark., Vicks- 
burg and Jackson, Tenn.; honorably 
discharged, Aug. 12, 1865 ; he married 
Adelaide J. Rowley, Oct. 28, 1868, who 
was born in Dane Co., Wis., Feb. 14, 
1851. Mr. Hutchinson is a son of the 
third settler in this Co. 

XRONS FRANK, molder. 

"TEWELL B. WOOD, clerk. 

Johnston D. I. carpenter. 

Johnston J. F. clerk. 

Johnson N. H. farmer. Sec. 7. 

JOWES DAVID W. Proprietor of 
the Manchester Woolen Mills; was born 
in South Wales, Great Britain, Sept. 



27, 1821 ; married Margaret Davis Sept. 
27, 1842, who was born in South Wales 
Jan. 14, 1820 ; they immigrated to this 
country in April, 1 843, coming in a sailing 
vessel, via Liverpool, arriving in New 
York May 20, 1843, and in due time 
settled in Montgomery Co., Pa. ; after 
one year's residence, they moved to 
Newton Falls, Trumbull Co., Ohio, en- 
gaging in his present business ; came to 
this county in April, 1854, settling on a 
farm in Sec. 16 ; in 1864, he sold out, 
and commenced building one of his pres- 
ent fine woolen mills in 1865 ; a com- 
plete history is given in this work. 

JONES JOSIAH S. son of D. W. 
Jones ; was born in Newton Falls, Trum- 
bull Co., Ohio, Dec. 16, 1854; came 
to this county with his father, in April, 
1854, and has been engaged with him 
as an assistant in the woolen mills ; he 
married, in this county, Delia Sly, June 
6, 1876; she was born in Henrietta, 
Lorain Co., Ohio, June 23, 1857 ; 
thev have one child. 

JOEfES WIIiEIAlI B. Woolen 
Mills, Manchester ; was born in Phila- 
delphia, Pa., July 9, 1843 ; came to 
this country with his father, D. W. 
Jones, April, 1854, and has been en- 
gaged with his father in all his pursuits 
in business ; married Jennie Tarbox 
April 14, 1867 ; she was born in Eu- 
reka, Wis, April 14, 1849; children— 
Lettie May, Lester D., Charles W., 
Maggie L. and Stephen D. W. 

Jones W. S. furniture. 

June L. E. carpenter. 

TT^ALTENBACK FRED. for. ; Sec. 2. 

Kalteubach Jacob, laborer. Sec. 3. 
KAETEXBACH JOHX, Far ; 

Sec. 2; born in Baden, Germany, March 
11, 1808; married Mary Hermon June, 
1826, who was born in Germany Aug. 
1809. They came to America in 1834, 
settling in Wayne Co., Ohio, and in 
1842, moved to Monroe, Green Co., 
Wis. ; left March, 1852, coming to this 
county, settling in this township, on Sec. 
3, where he built a saw-mill, and which, 
in 1864, he constructed into a grist-mill. 
John Welterlin, his son-in-law, who re- 
sides with him, was born in France Feb. 
20, 1830, came to this country in 1852, 
settHng in Milwaukee, Wis., and in May 



580 



DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY 



following came to Dubuque, and in Aug.. 
1854, came to this county. 
KAI.TEXBACH SAMUEL, 

Mfr. of Butter Tubs, Barrels, etc., 
Franklin St.; was born in Crawford Co., 
Ohio, Sept. 28, 1843 ; when two years 
old, his parents moved to Green Co., 
Wis., and in the Spring of 1853, came 
to this township ; he enlisted in Co. F., 
12th I. V. I., in 1861, serving three 
years ; was in the battles of Corinth, 
Fort Donelson, Fort Henry, Jackson, 
Miss., Vicksburg, Jackson, Tenn., and 
Black River ; commenced business in 
this city in 1 868 ; married Mary Mor- 
ris, July 1, 1876; she was born in 
Wales, Oct. 29, 1849, 

Keairy C. W. bookkeeper. 

KELLER BEX. H. Manufacturer 
and Retail Dealer in Boots and Shoes, 
Franklin st. ; was born in Auburn, N. 
Y., Feb. 28, 1829 ; in 1846, he went 
to Seneca Falls, N. Y., but after one 
year's residence moved to Addison, 
Steuben Co., N. Y., where he married 
Lucy A. Barr, on Jan. 1, 1850, who 
was born in Chenango Co., N. Y., 
March 16, 182- ; they went to Cuba, 
N. Y., from which place they came to 
this county, arriving April 15, 1856, 
commencing his present business about 
that time. 

Kelley R. A. clerk. 

Kelsey J. L. depot agent. 

KeLsey J. W. teacher. 

Kennedy J. D. retired farmer. 

Kennedy J. W. wagon manufacturer. 

KENNEDY R. O. Manufacturer of 
Wagons, Buggies, Phaetons, and repair- 
ing promptly done, located lower part of 
Franklin street; was born in Nova Scotia, 
Oct. 15, 1848 ; came to this country in 
October, 1866, settling in Austin, Minn., 
and I hen came to this county in March 
1867. He married Frances H. Purdy 
Sept. 15, 1870; she was born in Chau- 
tauqua Co., N. Y. 

KENNEDY J. W. wa.s born in 
Nova Scotia Sept. 9, 1839. Came to 
this country in 1862, settling in Mc- 
Gregor, la. ; came to this county in 
March, 1875, and was in partnership 
with his brother for three years. 

Kenney A. cooper. 

Kenny Sihvs, drayman. 

Kent Joseph, laborer. 



KEN YON WM. G. of the firm of 

Kenyon & Stewart, Dealers in Groceries, 
Crockery, and Purchasers of Produce, 
Frankhu street ; was born in Jefferson 
Co., N. Y., Aug. 3, 1836; went to 
Oswego, N. Y., when quite young, and 
at the age of 20 he emigrated to this 
State, first settling in Dubuque ; then 
went to Colorado Territory for three 
years ; then he came to this county in 
December, 1862, first settling in this 
city. Married Mary E. Marvin Dec. 
31, 1862. She was born in Battle 
Creek, Mich., Oct. 31, 1842. 

KERR JOHN, Proprietor of the 
Manchester House, corner Delaware and 
Madison streets ; was born in Ireland 
and emigrated to this country, first set- 
ling in Pittsburgh, but after one year 
came to this county and engaged in his 
present business. His rates to transients 
are one dollar per day. In connection 
with the house is a commodious barn, 
where people will find good protection 
from the storm and feed for their horses 
at the lowest possible prices. 

King C. carpenter. 

King M. S. cooper. 

Kinney M. H. carpenter. 

Kinney T. C. horse farrier. 

Klonus Fred, saloon. 

Knapp Wm. laborer. 

Knickerbocker Smith, preacher. 

Kresser Hugo, saloon. 

~r OBIN ANDREW, farmer. 

Lawman J. B. harness maker. 
LAWRENCE NEWTON F. of 

the firm of Lawrence & Lister, Dealers 
in Hardware, corner of Franklin and 
Main sts., was born in Cuyahoga, Ohio, 
March 12, 1843. When 12 years of 
age, his parents moved to Rockford, 111., 
where he married Helen Tisdal, March 
29, 1867, who was born in Steuben Co., 
N. Y., April 20, 1843, and in April, 
1868, they emigrated to this county, 
first settling near this city. Mr. L. has 
been engaged ia farming, painting and 
clerking, until April, 1877, when he 
commenced his present business. 

Lawrence S. S., farmer; S. 8. 

Lee J. H., laborer. 

LeROY M. F. Attorney at Law, 
whose portrait appears in this work, was 
born in Manchester, Dearborn Co., Ind., 



"# 





MANCHESTER 



DELAWARE TOWNSHIP. 



583 



Jan. 16, 1850; when he was 2 years of 
age, his parents moved to Grundy Co., 
111.; at the age of 11, he went to 
Moore's Hill, Dearborn Co., Ind., and 
remained there attending school to the 
age of 16 ; he then went to Illinois, and 
having taken a course in the Commer- 
cial Department of " Clark Seminary," 
graduating in the year 1867 ; the same 
year he came to Manchester, Iowa, and 
after remaining about a year, returned 
to Moore's Hill, Ind., graduating from 
Moore's Hill College with the degree of 

B. S.; in 1869, he attended the State 
University of Iowa, at Iowa City, and 
graduated from the Law Department 
June 2-1, 1870, with the degree of 
LL. B., with the right to practice in all 
the courts of Iowa; in July of the same 
year, he returned to Manchester, Iowa, 
as Cashier of the "Manchester Bank," 
and commenced the pi'actice of law, 
and on the 5th of November, 1873, 
formed a copartnership in the law business 
with Chas. E. Bronsoii, and as such has 
continued up to the present time, hav- 
ing built up a vei"y large and lucrative 
practice. He married Miss Jennie P. 
Loomis, in Manchester, Iowa, June 2, 
1874 ; she was born in De Kalb Co., 
Jan. 31, 1854:; they have two children 
— Dora M., born May 14, 1875, and 
Alma M., born Aug. 24, 1877. 

Lewis C. C, jewelry. 

L.E WIS DAVID R. <& BRO., 

Dealers in Jewelry, Franklin street ; 
was born in Little Falls, N. Y., May 14, 
1832. In 1850, he came to Waukegan, 
Lake Co., 111., and from there to this 
county in June, 1857, where he married 
Kittle Manning, who was born in An- 
dover, Mass., on April 1, 1844. Chas. 

C. Lewis, the senior member of the 
firm, was born in Schenectady, N. Y., 
on June 4, 1830, and came to this 
county in 1855. The first jewelry 
store opened in this city was run by 
David in the building now occupied by 
Levi Hills and owned by Mrs. Geo. 
Toogo id. 

I.II.L.AG}AR HARRY S. Clerk 

Clarence House ; bora in Huntsville, 
Ala., July 4, 1847; removed with his 
parents to Hampton, Va., in 1852, 
where he attended school ; his father 
died in 1858 ; removed with his mother 



to Philadelphia in 1859; went to Fowl- 
ing Creek in 1860 ; returned to Hamp- 
ton in the Spring of 1861, arriving just 
as the war broke out ; was one of the 
party of about fifty young fellows who 
helped to sink the United States ships 
of war Columbus, Merrimac, Raritan, 
Columbia, Plymouth, Germantown, Dol- 
phin and United States in Ports- 
mouth (Vii'ginia) Harbor, April 20, 
1861 ; was one of the squad who scut- 
tled the Columbia ; the party were 
known, and the United States Marshals 
too numerous for comfort ; Harry es- 
caped by craw^ling into the coal bin of 
the steamer Georgiana, from Norfolk to 
Baltimore ; at Baltimore, happening to 
see in the street a man he supposed to 
be a United States Marshal from Ports- 
mouth, he became badly scared and left 
for Havre de Grace in the first train, 
crossed the country on foot to Smyrna, 
Del., thence to Bridgeville ; here he met 
an old schoolmate, William Cannon, son 
of Guv. Cannon, of Delaware, who was 
about raising a regiment of cavalry for 
Union service ; young Cannon suggested 
to Harry that he should aid him in re- 
cruiting a company for the regiment ; 
he gladly accepting the proposition as 
escape from the dreaded Marshals, and 
feeling much relieved, Harry aided in 
raising Company B, enlisted in it as a 
private, was with Sheridan's command 
in the Shenandoah Valley, and fighting 
Mosby and Harry Gilmore until the 
Spring of 1863, was ordered to Balti- 
more and captured by Stewart's Cavalry 
on the Westminster turnpike, twenty five 
miles from Baltimore in June ; had just 
drawn a new suit, and was stripped by his 
captors of everything except shirt and 
stockings, and in this condition was 
marched to York, Pa., and was prisoner 
of war at Columbia, Pa., when the 
battle of Gettysburg was fought ; soon 
after was picked up by Union patrols 
and sent to his regiment at Washington. 
In the battle at Smoky Hollow, in the 
Fall of 1863, his leg was broken by a 
wounded horse running against an artil- 
lery wheel, and went into ho.spital at 
Alexandria ; in the Spring of 1864, his 
regiment was dismounted and attached 
to First Brigade, First Division, Sixth 
Army Corps; was in the memorable cam- 



584 



DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY; 



paign of the Wilderness, battles of Cold 
Harbor and Petersburg, and received a 
bayonet wound in the left side, at the 
raid on the Welden railroad, was sent 
to hospital at City Point, thence to Bal- 
timore and Philadelphia, and rejoined 
his regiment at City Point in the Spring 
of 18G5 ; ordered to Washington, and on 
the way the transport boats in tow sank in 
a storm, and Harry barely escaped to the 
steamer over the hawser. At Washing- 
ton, his regiment was re-organized, and in 
a fight with Georgia cavalry, at Monoc- 
acy, received a saber cut over the left 
eye ; mustered out as Second Lieutenant 
September, 1865, with only nineteen men 
of his company remaining out of 106. 
Went to Philadelphia immediately after 
discharge, and entered the service of 
the Hadden Manufacturing Company 
until 1868, when he went to St. 
Paul, Minn.; in 1870, went to Aus- 
tin, Minn., leased' the Davison House, 
and remained until December, 1873; 
made a trip to Philadelphia, and returned 
to Manchester in April, 1874, and be- 
came the popular Clerk of the Clarence 
House. Married, October, 1869, Miss 
Mary Gr. Fisher, daughter of Abel 
Fisher, of Philadelphia ; two children 
— Annie Fisher, born September, 1870; 
Mary G., born October, 1871, and died 
November, 1871; wife died Feb. 25, 
1874. 
LISTEK GEORGE S., of the 

firm of Lawrence & Lister, Hardware, 
corner of Franklin and Main streets; 
was born in Canada, Dec. 13, 1851. 
His father, Henry Lister, was born in 
Liverpool, Eng., Nov. 7, 1820, and 
married Ann Lees, Jan. 14, 1844. She 
was born in Manchester, Eng., in May, 
1821. In 1848, he moved to Canada, 
where George was born, and emigrated 
to this county in 1855. George worked 
at blacksniithing for three years. Com- 
menced his present business in April, 

1877. Married Ida E. Moore, April 3, 

1878. She was born in Rockford, 111., 
March 29, 1856. 

Lister Henry, farmer. 

Logston Joseph, laborer. 

huivz II. E. nif'r. of wagons. 

Ij003HS a. It. Capitalist ; was born 
at Mi ton, Chittenden Co., Vt., June 
2S, 1823, where he resided until he was 



20 years of age, when he went to Dodge 
Co., Wis., and after remaining there one 
year, returned to Milton, Vt.; in 1852, 
he moved to DeKalb Co., 111., and wa.s 
engaged in farming; in 1854, he came 
to Delaware Co., Iowa, and settled at 
Acersville, where he opened the first 
store in Delaware Township ; the next 
year he moved his business to Manches- 
ter, where he several years afterward 
formed a copartnership, first as the firm 
of Loomis, Congan & Co., and again as 
Loomis & Cornish ; he was also a mem- 
ber of the firm of Loomis & Coles, 
Commission Merchants in Chicago and 
Dubuque; he retired from the mercan- 
tile business in the year 1863; in 1868, 
he was engaged in the banking business, 
under the name of Loomis & LeRoy, 
retiring from the business two years- 
after. He was elected the first Mayor 
of Manchester, after its incorporation, 
in 1866. He married Phedora H. Par- 
melee Nov. 23, 1845 ; she was born at 
Colchester, Vt., Feb. 18, 1821 ; they 
have five children — Ettie P., born July 
8, 1847 ; Lora A., born Sept. 13, 1849 ; 
Alma L., born Jan. 11, 1852; Jennie 
P., born Jan. 31, 1854, and Loring R., 
born Aug. 29, 1859. 

Loomis A. R. butter buyer. 

liOOMIS CI. ARK C. Farmer; 
Sec. 27 ; born in Oneida Co., N. Y. Nov. 
3, 1847 ; moved when quite young, with 
his parents, to Oswego Co., N. Y.; in 
1865 he came to this Co.; returning 
East, he married Lucy H. Beadle ; she 
was born in Oswego Co., N. Y., June 
23, 1850 ; two years ago, from this date 
(Feb., 1878), he bought and moved 
on his present farm of 160 acres ; Cora 
and Mary J. are their children. 

liOOxHIlS LEWIS A. Dealer in 
Dry Goods, Boots and Shoes, Groce- 
ries, and Purchaser of Butter, City Hall 
Block, Franklin St.; was born in Milton ,^ 
Chittenden Co., Vt., Sept. 21, 1821 ; 
married Mary F. Hartson, April 2, 
1843, who was born in Danville, Cale- 
donia Co., Vt., Oct. 16, 1825; they 
emigrated from Vt., to this Co. in the 
Summer of 1855, and after working at 
various employments incident to a new 
country, he embarked in the produce 
trade, in 1859, in a small way, and from 
it has grown up his present business. 



DELAWARE TOWNSHIP. 



585 



Loomis Oliver, farmer. 

Love Allen, farmer. 

Lucas Henry, laborer. 

Lukins Joseph, laborer ; Sec. 3. 

nV/TcCARTY MICHAEL, laborer. 

McCollum Fred, clerk. 

McCormick Jas. farmer ; Sec. 27. 

McCreadie G. E. laborer. 

McCredie John, laborer. 

McDonald Ichabod, laborer. 

McFarland John, laborer. 

Mcintosh R. T. marble worker. 

Mcintosh William, marble worker. 

McKay J. F. farmer. 

McLaughlin James, laborer. 

Malone Edward, blacksmith. 

Mansfield J. M. mason. 

Marchant Thos. laborer. 

Marvin R. M. agrl. implement dealer. 

Marvin William, laborer. 

Mason Delevan, laborer. 

Mason Sanford, farmer. 

M ARTIX J. W. Proprietor of the 
Martin House, near 111. C. Depot; was 
born Champaign Co., Ohio, August 
20, 1820 ; emigrated to this county, ar- 
riving Sept. 20, 1842, coming with 
his step-mother and uncle ; they settled 
in Ead's Grove, where he lived until 15 
years ago, when he came to this city ; mar- 
ried Frances Frink, April 8, 1862 ; she 
was born inWoodstock,Vt.,Dec. 20, 1830. 

Martin J. W. laborer. 

Martin Morris, laborer. 

Martin W. laborer. 

Mathew E. F. tailor. 

MAY JOHX W. Farmer; See. 5; 
was born in Crawford Co., Pa., May 2, 
1824 ; came to Boone Co., 111., in 1844, 
and after bix years' residence went to 
California, returning in four years to 
Boone Co., where he married Miranda 
Colvin Nov. 29, 1855, who was born in 
Erie Co., N. Y., July 27, 1835; in Jan. 
1, 1856, they arrived in this county, 
settling on their present farm ; they 
started on a visit to Boone Co., Pa., 
but while in Belvidere, their little 
daughter, Alice J., died, and they re- 
turned home. Alice J., born Nov. 3, 
1856, and died O.t. 11, 1860. Twin 
boys, not named, born March 1, 1863, 
and died the same day ; A. Jamie, born 
Jan. 10, 1864; Minnie, Nov. 22, 1868, 
are the births and deaths of their children . 



MEAD CHArWCEY W. Far. ; 
Sec. 16; born in St. Joseph Co., Ind., 
Feb. 8, 1835 ; married Ruth A. Eaton, 
July 29, 1860 ; she was born in Cuba, 
Allegany Co., N. Y., Feb. 24, 1843; 
emigrated to this county from native 
country in 1853, settling on his present 
farm with his father, Allen Mead, who 
died here Dec. 9, 1866 ; he was an old 
and respected citizen of this county. 

Mead G. W. farmer, Sec. 16. 

MEAD WILLIAM, Farmer; Sec. 
16; born in Dearborn Co., Ind., June 
7, 1826. Moved with parents, in 1834, 
to Henry Co., Ind., and to St. Joseph 
Co. in 1835. Married Louis A.Webster, 
May 1, 1850, who was born in Coopers- 
town, Otsego Co., N. Y., June 30, 
1828. They emigrated to Monticello, 
Jones Co., Iowa, in 1853, and were 
among the pioneer settlers of that 
county. Came to this county in the 
Spring of 1878, settling on their farm 
of 210 acres. 

Merrill G. E. laborer. 

Merrill W. F. clerk. 

MERRY JOHN F. (of the firm of 
Merry & Goodell, Dealers in Dry Goods, 
Clothing, Boots, Shoes and Purchasers of 
Butter, Franklin st.) ; born in Sum- 
mit Co., Ohio, March 24, 1844. Came 
to this county in Oct., 1857 ; enlisted 
in the 21st Iowa V. I. in 1861, and 
again in 1864, in the 46th Iowa V. I. 
Commenced business in this city in 
1868 ; married Emma J. Cattron, 
Nov. 26, 1866. She was born in West- 
ville. La Porte Co., Ind., May 2, 1846. 
Mr. H. Goodell, the junior partner of 
the firm, was born in Westminster, 
Windham Co., Vt., July 1, 1837. 
When quite young, moved to Lowell, 
Mass., and to this county in 1858, first 
settling in Honey Creek, Tp. Enlisted 
in the 12th Iowa V. I. in 1864, serving 
one year. Came to this city in 1872. 
Married May 4, 1869, Margaret E. 
Nicholson, who was born in Pennsylva- 
nia Sept. 21, 1847. 

MERWIX HENRY M. Farmer; 
Sec. 34 ; was born in Connecticut in 
1820, and lived there until 1863, then 
came to Dubuque, Iowa, where he lived 
three years, when he came to this coun- 
ty ; in 1860, was married to Alice Buck- 
ingham, of Connecticut ; has seven chil- 



586 



DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY: 



(Jren — Lucy B., Charles M., Minnie A., | 
Henry B., "George M., Albert T., Fran- 
cis M. ; Republican ; Methodist ; owns 
260 acres of" land. 

Meserve S. E. carpenter. 

Millet t A. D. laborer. 

Millett C. G. farmer, Sec. 9. 

Millett Lee S. laborer. 

Mills C. B. photographer. 

Mohr M. C. bridge builder. 

MOORE ALrOXSON O. Clerk ; 

was born in Troy, Bradford Co., Pa., 
Sept. 22, 1830 ; at the age of 15 years, 
he moved to Elmira, N. Y., residing 
there two years, and then to Corning 
and Hornellsville, where he married ; 
emigrated to Rockford, 111., where he 
resided eight years, and from there to 
Woodstock, ill. ; enlisted in the 95th 
111. V. I., serving three years ; came to 
this county at the close of the war ; 
married Huldah A. Cleaveland, Nov. 10, 
1855 ; ^he was born in Steuben Co., N. 
Y.,Sept. 18,1835. 

Moore Mortimer, laboi'er. 

Morris Thos. laborer. 

Mosher Geo. laborer. 

Mosher S. P. laborer. 

Mosher Tunis, laborer. 

MUCKLER FRANCIS O. Far ; 

Sec. 26 ; burn in Lamoille County, Vt., 
Oct. 26, 1835 ; at the age of 17, he 
moved to Middlesex Co., Mass., where 
he married EUena M. Saurin, Oct. 9, 
1858, who was born in Somerset Co., 
Mass., Aug. 3, 1837 ; emigrated to this 
county, settling in Milo in May, 1861 , 
moved to Milwaukee, Wis., where they 
lived five years, when they returned to 
this county, settling in Manchester ; 
came to his present farm in the Fall 
of 1876. 
MUXSON HASSEIi, Farm.; Sec. 
8 ; was born in Westfield, Chautauqua 
Co., N. Y., Sept. 25, 1830; emigrated 
to this county in March, 1854, settling 
in this township ; married Carrie Eaton, 
Nov. 21, 1859, whof was born in 
Allegany Co., N. Y., Sept. 28, 1841; 
moved on their present farm in 1865 ; 
Freddie H. is their only child. 
T ELSON JOSEPH, carpenter. 



NEWCOMB EDGAR E. Dentist, 
born in Susquehanna Co., Pa., May 4, 
1846. Enlisted in Co. D, 50th Pa. V. 
I., in 1864, serving until the close of 
the war. Married Frances Wheelock, 
Oct. 4, 1865 ; she was born in Wyo- 
ming Co., Pa., April 10, 1846. They 
emigrated to this county, and have been 
engaged in farming until the past two 
years, which have been devoted to his 
profession. He took a trip, in 1872, 
through Nebraska and Kansas, looking 
at the country in view of future settling. 

Newcomb F. M. clerk. 

Newcomb Israel, gardener. 

Newcomb Uri, laborer. 

Newhani J. W. blacksmith. 

Nix J. R. hotel. 

Noble A. C. music dealer. 

Noble J. L. farmer, Sec. 22. 

Nugent J. F. Catholic Priest. 

,'BRIEN P. R. cigar manufacturer. 



O' 



JS^ 



Nethercutt John. 
Newcomb C. H. clerk. 
Newcomb Enos, farmer; Sec. 10. 



O'Brien Patrick, laborer. 

Ohl John, laborer. 

Olcutt Emery, laborer. 

Oliner John, harness maker. 

Olmstead E. S. laborer. 

Orvis F. W. laborer. 

Otis Clytus, manufacturer of harness. 

OTIS JOHN, of the firm of John 
Otis & Son, Manufacturers of and Dealers 
in Harness, Saddles, Collars, etc., Frank- 
lin street ; was born in Isle of Man, 
Sept. 20, 1808. Married AUce Futers, 
who was born in Newcastle, England, 
and died in 1859. Again married Re- 
becca Dow, who was born in Ireland. 
In September, 1828, Mr. O. came to 
this country, first settling in Utica, N. 
Y.; but after one vearwentto Syracuse, 
N.Y.; then to Clyde and Buffiilo, N. Y.; 
then going to St. Catharine, Brantford 
and Hamilton, Canada. After which he 
emigrated to Michigan in 1838, and to 
this city in 1856 ; commenced business 
here in 1873. 
■pADDOCK DANIEL, carpenter. 

Paddock Edward, teacher. 
Palmer H. S. merchant. 
Parish John, renter, Sec. 7. 
Patrick B. H. laborer. 
Patton W. H. renter. Sec. 25. 
PAXSON CHARI^ES, Banker, 
Franklin street; resides Madison street; 



DELAAVARE TOWNSHIP. 



587 



born in Philadelphia County, Pa., 
Feb. 16, 1824; the youngest of three 
sons and four daughters of Charles 
and Mercy Paxson ; removed with his 
parents to Franklin Township, Chester 
County, Pa., in the Spring of 1831 ; 
remained at home on the farm until the 
Spring of 1851, when he removed to 
Cecil County, Md., and engaged in mer- 
cantile business with his brother Lewis ; 
closed business there in the Spring of 

1856, and formed a copartnership with 
his brother Lewis and brother-in-law 
W. S. Thompson, and W. H. Seeds, 
under the firm name of "Paxson, Thomp- 
son & Seeds ;" removed to Dubuque 
with the other junior partner. Seeds, 
and engaged in lumber business, under 
the same firm name ; in the Fall of 

1857, established a branch yard at Man- 
chester, Iowa ; removed permanently to 
Manchester the following Fall and en- 
gaged in mercantile business, also in the 
grain and live stock trade; in 1867, 
W. S. Thompson retired from the firm 
and they relinquished the lumber busi- 
ness ; purchased one-half interest in the 
property known as Acers' Mill, and at 
once. completed a new building, then in 
course of construction, giving it the 
name of the '' Quaker Mill," which they 
soon had in successful operat on ; this 
mill was destroyed by fire May 6, 1869 ; 
purchased the interest of Mr. Acres, 
after the fire, and immediately proceeded 
to rebuild the present mill, which they 
still operate; in the Spring of 1872, 
Mr. Lewis Paxson retired fi'om the firm, 
since which time the business has been 
transacted under the firm name of Pax- 
son & Seeds ; still continues in active 
business in milling, grain and live stock. 
In the Fall of 1851, was married to 
Sarah, daughter of Joseph and Deborah 
Chambers, of New Garden, Chester 
County, Pa. Mrs. Paxson joined her 
husband in Dubuque in the Spring of 
1857, but enjoyed her new home a little 
less than one year, and died in the 
Spring of 1857 ; had three children — 
Deborah, Joseph C. and Lewis C. ; the 
latter being the only one now living, the 
others having died in their infancy. 
Married Mary J., daughter of Thomas 
and Margaret Williams, of Pecatonica, 
111.; have had seven children — Ellen M., 



Sarah, Anna, Susan, Charles H., Emma 
and Ruthana ; all are living, except 
Anna, who died in her third year. Has 
been identified with all the public enter- 
prises of the town, having been a resi- 
dent when it was in its infancy ; has 
been a member of the School Board 
for the greater portion of the time for 
the last twenty years, and has been its 
President for a number of years ; was a 
member of the first Town Council, and 
has served several times since ; is a 
member of the present Board ; was one 
of the original organizers of the Dela- 
ware County Bank, and has served as 
Vice President since its organization ; 
has engaged several times in farming, in 
which he has been no less successful 
than in other pursuits. 

Paxson Lewis, retired. 

Paxson L. C. grain buyer. 

Pentony Henry, harness maker. 

Pentony William, carpenter. 

Percival Henry, laborer. 

Peei's C. C. laborer. 

Perkins Charles, cattle buyer. 

Phillips Jacob, cabinet maker. 

pierce Daniel, mason. 

pierce G. G. clerk. 

Pilkington Peter, laborer. 

POUND fi^EORGE F. Farmer, 
Sec. 3 ; was born in Erie Co., N. Y., 
June 5, 1817 ; married Mary J. John- 
son, Feb. 17, 1845 ; she was born in 
Boston, Erie Co., N. Y., Dec. 18, 1824, 
and died June 15, 1875; Mr. Pound 
moved to N. J. when 16 years old and 
after 7 years returned to N. Y. ; came 
to this county in Sept. 27, 1861, settling 
in Adams Tp., Sec. 12, and came to this 
township in Sept., 1874 ; married to 
second wife, Mary E. Stone, on July 4, 
1876, who was born in Dubuque Co., 
Iowa, July 15, 1848 ; owns 978 acres 
of land. 

Pound S. S., farmer. 

POTTER, D. S., Farmer; S. 25; 
born in Saratoga Co., N. Y., May 2, 
1824. When about three years old, he, 
with parents, moved to Granville, Wash- 
ington Co., N. J., and at the age of six 
went to Erie Co., N. Y., where he mar- 
ried Laura A. Brayton, July 9, 1851. 
She was born in Washington Co., N. 
Y., Feb. 5, 1829. They emigrated to 
this county on Sept. 27, 1851, first 



588 



DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY; 



settling on his present farm, consisting 
of 200 acres. 

Pptter W. W., farmer, S. 35. 

Pullman Nathaniel, prtacher. 

Purdy R. W., carpenter. 

Purvis Anderson, carpenter. 

PUTXAM HEXRY H., Farmer; 
S. 14 ; born in Lee, Oneida Co., N. Y., 
Jan. 6, 1833. In 1865, he came to 
this county, arriving in March. He 
afterward went to Cedar Co., where he 
married Elvira Stanclift, on Sept. 3, 
1868, who was born in Collins, Erie 
Co., N. Y., Sept. 12, 1837. Herbert 
H. and Edward A. are their children. 
Rhoba Stanclift, mother of Mr. Put- 
nam, was born March 10, 1799, and re- 
sides a portion of her time with her 
daughter. 

Putnam S. W., laborer. 

T3ADCLIFFE JOHN, sewing agent. 

RAXN H. L. editor Press. 

RAYMOND ALBERT, Farmer; 
Sec. 5 ; was born in Jackson Co., Mich., 
March 5, 1830; came from native Co. 
to this in June, 1849, settling in this 
Township, where he married Matilda 
Scott, on Oct. 3, 1852; she was born 
in Schentctady, Schenectady Co., N. Y., 
July 24, 1834 ; they are among the old 
settlers of this Co.; Ella and Charles 
J. are their children. 

Raymond Augustine, laborer. 

Raymond Augustus, laborer. 

Reardon Daniel, laborer. 

REYNOLDS BENJAMIN H. 

M. 1>. Physician and Surgeon, Frank- 
lin St.; was born in Green Co., N. Y., 
July 22, 1839 ; when about ten years 
old he moved to La Porte Co., Ind.; 
in 1860, moved to Kankakee Co., 111., 
where he enlisted in the 76th 111. V. I., 
in Aug., 1862, serving nearly three 
years ; returning home after the war, he 
attended college at Ann Arbor, Mich., 
after which he came to this Co, in 
March, 1866, settling in Masonville; on 
March 6. 1872. he graduated and re- 
ceived his diploma from the Iowa State 
University ; came to this city in 1873, 
where he has been engaged in the prac- 
tice of medicine ; married Jennie Peter- 
son, in Ind., Feb. 9, 1865 ; she was 
born near Xenia. Green Co.. Ohio. 
Rich Luke, moat market. 



Riddell Alex, merchant. 

Riddell D. F. merchant. 

Riddell William, merchant. 

RIDDEEIi BRON. Dealers in Dry 
Goods, Groceries, Boots and Shoes, and 
Purchasers of Produce, Butter a spe- 
cialty. Main street; David F., Alexander 
and William are the members of the 
firm ; David F. was born in St. Lawrence 
Co., N. Y., Aug. 19, 1847, and married 
Cordelia C. Dygert, Sept. 15, 1875; 
she was born in St. Lawrence Co., N. 
Y. ; the two senior partners commenced 
business in this city in Sept., 1869, on 
Franklin street, doing a small business, 
but now have built, on Main sti'eet, a 
store 22x115 feet, and are one of the 
firms of the city. 

ROBBING JOSEPH W., M. D. 
was born in Medway, Norfolk Co., Mass., 
Nov. 12, 1809 ; went with his parents 
to Chenango Co. N. Y., at 1 year old, 
and in 1827, moved to Cortland Co., 
N. Y., and after residing in Cortland 
and Otsego Counties, he commenced 
the study of medicine in the Geneva 
Medical College, and graduated in 1843 ; 
practiced medicine in Cayuga Co., N. 
Y., nine years, and in 1852, came to this 
county, settling in Colesburg, and to 
this city in 1855 ; married in (jayuga 
Co., N. Y., Oct. 24, 1848, to Hepsiba 
M. Reeves, who was born in Milan, 
Cayuga Co., N. Y., Jan. 27, 1829. 

ROBINSON JOHNSON, Farm- 
er, Sec. 20 ; born in Ireland, Dec. 14, 
1829 ; came to this country when about 
20 years old, settling in Pittsburgh, Pa., 
where he married Mary Anderson in 
iVpril, 1855, who was born in Ireland, 
Nov. 15, 1833 ; came to this county 
from Pittsburgh Nov. 3, 1854, settling 
in Prairie Township, and was the third 
settler in that township ; came to his 
present farm of 205 acres in 1865. 
While living in Prairie Township, four 
of their children died in one week. 

Robinson T. T. horse dealer. 

Rothschild J. clothier. 

Rowley Cerenus, farmer. Sec. 1. 

Rowley Parker, farmer. Sec. 11. 

ROWEE Y ALONZO, Blacksmith, 
Sec. 16; was born in Chautauqua Co., 
N. Y., Sept. 24, 1822. Married Huldy 
Jane Wilcox in New Yoi"k, who died 
May 10, 1801. Married Sarah Ferris 



DELAWARE TOWNSHIP. 



589 



in February, 1862. Emigrated to this 
State, settling in Fairfield, Jefferson 
County, in 1856; came to this county 
in the Spring of 1858. 

Ruggles, H. M. aorrieultural implements. 

RU(&C}LES NOBIiE, Dealer in 
Agricultural Implements and G-eneral 
County Agent for Buckeye Reaper and 
Mower ; was born in Broome Co., N. Y., 
April 12, 1821. In 1840 he moved to 
Athens, Bradford Co., Pa., where he 
married Elizabeth Morgan, May 20, 
1847 ; she was born in Wysox, Brad- 
ford County, Pa., May 13, 1827. In 
1857, he emigrated to Manchester, la.; 
in the Fall of 1858 he commenced 
building fanning-mills, and in the 
Spring of 1859 sold a Kirby reaper and 
mower, to A. R. Loomis, the first one 
shipped west of the Mississippi River. 
From this small trade grew out a busi- 
ness which exceeded $75,000 in 1869. 

Rule H. W. bookkeeper. 

RUSSELL DANIEL, Rev. Far ; 
Sec. 34 ; was born in New York in 
1824, and lived there until he was forty 
years old, at which time he came to this 
county ; was Pastor of the Presbytei'ian 
Church thirty years, and officiated in 
Manchester five years ; was married to 
Maria Hunter, of Steuben Co., N. Y., 
by which marriage he had two children 
— Henry H. and Glrace. In 1857, 
married Mrs. Mary J. Wood, of New 
York ; they have five children — Hanson 
W., Mary, Elizabeth, Herbert S. and 
Daniel. Republican ; owns 281 acres 
of land. 

Russell J. R. miller. 

Russell Wm. renter. 

RYAX DENNIS, Attorney at Law 
and Notary Public; was born in Salem 
Co., N. J., Aug. 9, 1846 ; his parents, 
Patrick and Margar(!t Ryan, emigrated 
from Ireland in 1844 ; and moved from 
Salem to Brooklyn. N. Y., in 1850, and 
moved from there to Iowa City, Iowa, 
in 1852, where Dennis attended a Cath- 
olic school until Oct,, 1855, when his 
parents moved to Buchanan Co., Iowa, 
where Dennis had to be content with a 
country school ; in 1862, he went to St. 
Louis, Mo., and enlisted in the Civil 
Engineer Cor j s, and was sent from there 
to Duval's Blufi", Ark., and there raised 
to the rank of Second Lieutenant in 



Oct. of that year under Capi. Windle* 
of the 21st 111. Inf., under command of 
Gren. Shilor, in the 7th Army Coi'ps ; 
on April 13, 1875, he was honorably 
discharged, and came back to Delaware 
Co. ; stayed a short while and went to 
Ottawa, 111., where he attended school 
until the Fall of 1867, when he returned 
to Delaware Co., and improved a farm, 
and worked the same for three years; 
then went to Chicago and worked at the 
carpenter trade ; returned again to Dela- 
ware Co., Iowa, and commenced the 
study of law in the office of Griffin & 
Crosby, on Dec. 3. 1875, and was ad- 
mitted to the bar on March 6, 1877, 
and is now permanently located at Man- 
chester. Iowa. 

Ryan D. S. farmer, Sec. 21. 

Ryan Henry L. farmer, Sec. 21. 

Ryan P. H. school teacher. 

Q1 ABIN H. J. Farmer, Sec. 5. 

SARIN HIRAM W. Farmer, Sec. 

5, was born in Cuyahoga Co., 0., June 
8, 1848, came to this county with his 
parents in March, 1869, and married 
Eva Grates, Dec. 27, 1872; she was 
born in Cuyahoga Co., Dec. 27,1852. They 
have two children — Charles, born Nov. 

6, 1863; Harry, March 13, 1877. 
SARIN NATHANIEL. C. Farm- 
er, Sec. 5 ; was born in Onondaga Co., 
N. Y., April 22, 1819, emigrated to 
Cuyahoga Co., 0., in 1838, and married 
Laura Marlett, Dec. 6, 1842, who was 
born in Salina, Onondaga Co., N. Y., 
Oct. 5, 1825, and died March 4, 1852. 
Again married Octava D. Rudd, Oct. 
28, 1852, who was born in Jefferson 
Co., Feb. 26, 1831. Came to this 
county in March 1869, settling on their 
present farm. Mary 0., Dennis G., Hi- 
ram W., Thomas M., Hermon J., Laura 
0., Willard C, Myron H., Maud 0. are 
their children. 

SANRORN CUHMINGS, Mayor 
of Manchester ; was born in Norfolk, St. 
Lawrence Co., N. Y., Jan. 7, 1824. 
His father moved to Louisville, same 
county, in 1829, where the subject of 
this sketch resided until Nov., 1852, 
when he went to Saratoga Springs, N. 
Y., and in 1855, was appointed Manager 
of the Saratoga Water Cure. On Feb. 
28, 1860, he married Martha A. French, 



500 



DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY : 



who was born in Proctorsville, Vermont, 
Oct. 25, 1822. and died March 29. 18*72. 
Rcsi<inin<: his position at the -'Springs," 
with a view of settling in a new country, 
he accordingly carried out this plan by em- 
igrating to Iowa settling in Earlville, 
this county, in 18(il. After keejang 
the liotel for two years, he was apjiointed 
Postmaster, which office he held from 
18G4 to 1868, together with the offices 
of Township Supervisor and Justice of 
the Peace ; he was nominated as the Re- 
publican candidate for the House of 
Rejtresentatives, Iowa Legislature, and 
was elected in the Fall of 1867, and re- 
elected in 1869; in 1870, he bought 
the Smi offiee. at Earlville, and the fol- 
lowing year moved it to Delhi, but sold 
out, in 1872, to J. B. Swinburue, com- 
ing to Manchester, and buying the Man- 
chester Press on July 1. 1873 ; this he 
sold on July 1. 1875. Married Ann 
M. Dunham, widow of Francis W. Dun- 
ham, on N(»v. 4, 1875; she was born in 
Bakersfield, Vt., on Dec. 17, 1835. 
In 1877, Mr. Sanborn was elected May- 
or of Manchestei-. and re-elected in the 
Spring of 1878. 

SCHELLIXG WM. Far.; was born 
in Sharon, Mercer Co., Pa., Dec. 30, 
1810; remained at home working on 
the farm until the Fall of 1837, when 
he went to Kentucky, returning the 
next Spring ; on May 5, 1842, married 
Mary Stambaugh, who was born in 
Youngstown, Trumbull Co., Ohio, Dec. 
6, 1821 ; in the Spring of 1855, came 
to this State, coming the entire distance 
by wagon, and settled on Sec. 27, where 
he has resided ever since ; have five 
children — John S.. James K , Samuel 
B., Sarah E. and Laura A.; John S. 
died Sept. 16, 1875; Dem.; Indepen- 
dent. 

Scott C!ornelius, carpenter. 

Scott Jesse D. laborer. 

Scott J(3hn M. laborer. 

Scott J. S. L. laborer. 

Seaman H. C. carpenter. 

Seeds Edward P. lawyer. 

Seeds W. H. Cashier of bank. 

Stetter Albert, elerk. 

SEWARI> ALBERT O. Farmer ; 
Sec. 13; wa.'^ horn in Ontario Co., 
N. Y.. June 18. 1842. Emigrated to 
Michigan in Oct.. 1863, but the year 



following came to this county, arriving 
Jan. 31, 1864; two years thereafter, he 
returned to Ontario Co., N. Y. Mar- 
ried Mary A. Annis, April 8, 1866, 
who was born in Cattaraugus Co.,N. Y., 
April 24, 1848. He came to this 
county the following Spring, settling on 
his present farm. Children — Meredith 
A., Mary A. 

SHEAR ISAAC, Farmer, Sec. 14 j 
was l)orn in Oneida Co., N. Y., Oct. 1, 
1834 ; married Melvina Patterson, Sept. 
8, 1856, who was born in St. Lawrence 
Co., N. Y., Feb. 6, 1837; came to tLIs 
county from native State March 14, 
1867, first settling in this township; 
Jennie J., Cora E., Ella May, Wilber 
J., Glen C. are their children. 

SHEEDEIV AXSON, Livery and 
Feed Stable, Main st. ; born in Adams, 
Mass., Feb., 9, 1825 ; with his parents, 
left his native county when four years 
old, going to Oneida Co., N. Y., where, 
on Feb. 17, 1846, he married Susan M. 
Bronson, who was born in Oneida Co., 
N. Y., May 10, 1838 ; they emigrated to 
this county, settling in Honey Creek 
Tp. •, but the following year came to this 
city ; three years ago he erected a barn, 
built of stone and brick, 66x115 feet. 

Sheldon Benj. farmer. 

Shelden M. W. livery stable. 

SHERMAX WAI.TER B., M. 

I>. one of the firm of Bradley & Sherman, 
Physicians and Surgeons, Franklin st. ; 
was born in Steuben County, N. Y., 
Nov. 22, 1831 ; when about six years 
old, he, with his parents, moved to 
Brunswick, Medina Co., Ohio, where he 
married Sallie S. Benjamin, on Jan. 20, 
1859 ; she was born in Brunswick, 
Medina Co., Ohio, March 18, 1840; 
entered the Cleveland Medical College 
in Oct., 18b8, and graduated in Feb., 
1870 ; came to this county in July, 1 862 ; 
Cora E., Mertie E. and Ella A. are their 
children. 

Sherwood A. M. traveling agent. 

SHEW ALOXZO, Retired Far.; 
was born in Northampton, Montgomery 
Co., N. Y., March 12, 1807; in 1823, 
he went to Jefferson Co., N. Y., where 
he worked at his trade, that of carpen- 
ter and joiner; married Sarah N. Wiley, 
April 3, 1838, who was born in Che- 
nai.go Co., N. Y., March 10, 1815; 



DELAWARE TOWNSHIP. 



591 



they emigrated to Sterling City, White- 
side Co., 111., in 1855, and to this county 
in the Spring of 18G3, settling in 
Adamff Township ; here Mrs. Shew died, 
July 25, 1874; Mr. S. came to this city 
in 18G9. 

Sheeley Michael, laborer. 

Simpson A. J. shoemaker. 

SKI^XER BENJAMIX F. 

Tinner ; was born in Middlebury, Elk- 
hart Co., Ind., Dec. 3, 1842 ; came 
from native Co. to this county in No- 
vember, 1853, with his parents; en 
listed in 1st Iowa Cavalry Aug. 15, 
1861, and honorably discharged on 
Sept. 13, 1864; was in battles'at Mil- 
ford, Silver Creek, Prairie Grove and 
Little Rock ; he married Luella Dillon, 
June 27, 1869, who was born in Du- 
buque Co., Iowa, Dec. 6. 1852. 

Sloan Alex, farmer; Sec. 9. 

Sloan Elias, laborer ; Sec. 9. 

Sloan John, laborer. 

Sly J. D. farmer. Sec. 16. 

Sly Luman, laborer. Sec. 16. 

Small William, preacher. 

SMITH AVERY, Farmer; was 
born in Hinsdale, Cattaraugus Co., N. 
Y., x\pril 25, 1832. He came to this 
county about 22 years ago, but returned 
to the East, after which he moved to 
Hillsdale Co., Mich., where he married 
Lucretia J. Cross, Dec. 5, 1872. 
She was born in New York in March 
29, 1845 ; immigrated to this county, 
settling on their present farm in June, 
1874.' Eddie A. and Eveline L. are 
their children. 

Smith C. S. farmer ; S. 2. 

Smith Henry, clerk. 

Smith John, laborer. 

Smith Patrick, laborer. 

Smith Peter, laborer. 

Smith R. E. laborer. 

Smally S. L. laborer. 

Snyder George, cigar maker. 

Snyder P. H. cigar maker. 

Somers W. 0. farmer. 

Spangler H. C. clerk. 

Spangler W. H., sew. mach. agt.; S. 3. 

Steadman, Geo. W. Mason. 

STEADMAX SAMUEI., Manu- 
facturer and Dealer in Harness, Saddles 
and Collars, Franklin street ; was born in 
Charlottetown, Prince Edward's Island, 
March 13, 1845. At the age of 9, 



he, with parents, emigrated to LaSalle 
Co., 111., and after nine years' residence 
went to Lee Co., 111. In 1867, he came 
to this county, first settling in this city 
Dec. 6, 1870. He married Rebecca 
Burin2;ton, who was born in Lewiston, 
Lake^Co., 111., on March 19, 1848. 
Commenced business first under the 
firm name of Eaton & Steadman, but 
dissolved partnership in April, 1877. 

Steele W. H. laborer. 

Stevens M. S. mason. 

STEVEJfS JAMES H. Retired 
Methodist Minister ; present occupation 
farmer. Sec. 32 ; was born in Wells, 
Rutland Co., Vt., Aug. 10, 1811 ; he 
joined the Methodist Conference which 
embraced a portion of Vermont and New 
Hampshire, in 1833 ; married Pedee 
Cooley July 16, 1837, who was born in 
Grafton Co., N. H., Dec. 22, 1811 ; 
after fourteen years of ministerial labor, 
he located on account of his health and 
in 1867, they came to this county set- 
tling on their present farm ; their young- 
est and only living son went to the South 
during the Rebellion, engaging in a work 
pertaining to the Freedmen, and died in 
six month after entering upon his duties. 

Stevens William, laborer. 

STEWART AI.. EMERSON, 

of the firm of Kenyon & Stewart, Dealers 
in Groceries, Crockery, and Purchasers of 
Produce, Franklin street ; was born in 
Mt. Carroll. Carroll Co., 111., March 29, 
1845; when quite young, moved to 
Savanna, 111., and in 1855, came to this 
county, settling in Yankee Settlement ; 
went to Bloomington 111., in 1861, 
where, in 1868, he introduced theO. K. 
Saleratus; married Nannie E. Taylor, 
June 24, 1875 ; she was born in Madi- 
sonville, Monroe Co., Tenn., March 5, 
1848. 
STEWART JOHN, Manufacturer 
and Dealer in Butter ; born near Mari- 
etta, 0., July 15, 1836. His father, 
Stephen Stewart, of Scotch descent, born 
Aug. 3, 1799, was a native of Virginia, 
and" a farmer. His mother, Martha 
Fitzhueh, born Sept. 16, 1808, was a 
daughter of William Fitzhugh, of Welch 
descent, of Culpepper, Va., and a relative 
of Gen. R. E. Lee. His parents were 
both members of the Baptist Church ; 
they removed to Ohio, and settled near 



592 



DIBECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY: 



Marietta in 1832, where they lived until 
the deatli of the mother, July 4, 1859, 
the father March 1-1, 1864. John was 
the seventh of nine children : the parents 
inculcated religious principles both by 
precept and example, and their parental 
discipline was somewhat Puritanic ; total 
abstinence from all intoxicating drinks 
and tobacco in all its forms was rigidly 
practiced and enforced in the elder 
Stewart's family. John entered school 
when very young, but as soon as strong 
enough to wield a hoe, worked on his 
father's farm in Summer and attended 
school only during the Winter months, 
acquiring only a common school educa- 
tion; in 1856, with an elder brother, ac- 
cepted Greeley's advice, "went West," 
and spent three years in Illinois, Kansas 
and Missouri, returning home in 1859 ; 
engaged in the fruit tree business until 
1861, when the war commenced ; enlisted 
as a private in Co. B, 39th 0. Vols., 
under Col. Grroesbeck, succeeded by Col. 
E. F. Noyes, now U. S. Minister to 
France; served with his regiment in 
operations against the guerillas of Mis- 
souri in 1861 ; in 1862 was at the cap- 
ture of " New Madrid " and " Island 
No. 10," and when Corinth fell was the 
third man to enter the enemy's works • 
was in the battle of luka, Miss., in the 
Fall of 1862, and one week later fou2;ht 
in the second battle of Corinth ; was^ in 
all the hard marches of the Union army 
in Tennessee in 1863, and although not 
physically strong, apparently, endured 
all the hardships of a soldier's life, never 
importuning the Surgeon for excuses 
from duty, never " straggled " in the 
march or shirked in battle^ was in Sher- 
man's Georgia campaign ; in battle at 
Resaca, Altona and Kenesaw Moun- 
tain ; was severely wounded at Rough's 
Mills in an assault upon the rebel line of 
works thrown up to protect their retreat 
across the Chattahoochie, about twenty 
miles from Atlanta, which were captured 
in three minutes after the bugle sounded 
" Forward ;" rejoined his regiment at 
Raleigh, N. C, just after the assassina- 
tion of President Lincoln ; after a hard 
march to Washington, via Richmond, 
and review, regiment w;vs transported to 
Louisville, where he was mustered out 
in July, 1865, as Sergeant. Abou^ 



January, 1866, located in St. Louis and 
engaged in mercantile business, building 
up a good jobbing trade in butter, 
cheese and farm produce ; sold out in 
August, 1867, removed to Galena and 
engaged in the same business with B. 
S. Bentley; removed to Manchester, la., 
in March, 1870, in same business; 
started the first butter creamery in the 
State in 1872, near Manchester ; suc- 
ceeding in manufacturing a superior 
grade of butter with increasing demand 
at remunerative prices, he established 
other Creameries; others started them 
also, until they are scattered over the 
county and State. Having taken the 
first premium for butter at the St. Louis 
Fair f(ir several years, he determined to 
compete for the gold medal at the Cen- 
tennial Exhibition at Philadelphia in 
1876 ; succeeded in carrying oft" the val- 
uable prize, and removed prejudice 
against Western, and especially Iowa, 
butter, and adding from $500,000 to 
$1,000,000 annually to the income of 
the farmers of the State; in religion, 
Baptist; in politics. Republican; an 
active friend of Temperance; always 
takes decided position on all public ques- 
tions; is never "on the fence," never 
neutral in anything. Married in Galena, 
111., Sept. 22", 1869, Miss Sarah F. Pres- 
cott, daughter of Rev. Asa Prescott, 
Pastor of the Baptist Church at that 
place ; has two children — Newton Pres- 
cott was born May 18, 1871 ; Ferdinand 
Charles, born Jan. 23, 1877. 

Stewart R. B. clerk. 

Stimpson Hiram, farmer ; Sec. 12. 

Stimpson Lewis, laborer; Sec. 12. 

Summons Wm. farmer. 

HORPE ALFRED, merchant. 



T' 



TABER JOHN H. Farmer; Sec. 
16 ; at nineteen he went to Vicksburg, 
remaining during the Winters of 1839 
and 1840 ; in 1844, he came to Marengo, 
McHenry Co., 111., but in 1848 he re- 
turned to Erie Co., Pa.; he married in 
Chautauqua Co., N. Y., to Almira 
Hempstead, Jan. 1, 1851, who was born 
in Oneida Co., N. Y., July 5, 1826 ; 
they emigrated to this Co. in April, 
1854, settling in this township, on Dec. 
10, and in the Summer of 1857 moved 
on their present farm. 



DELAWARE TOWNSHIP. 



593 



THO^IPSOX ALBERT, Farmer; 

Sec. 8 ; was born in Chenango Co., N. 
Y., June 22, 1822 ; moved to Jackson 
Co., Mich., with his parents, in 183*7, 
where he married Margaret Darah, April 
21, 1851, who was born in Sussex Co., 
N. J., Sept. 19, 1828; in the Spring 
of 1852, they cams to this county, set- 
iHng on their present farm ; Ada L., 
Hattie (deceased), Mary, Mary J., 
Emma E., Alice, Agnes, Elizabeth, Fan- 
nie, are their daughters. 

Thorpe Albert, merchant. 

Thorpe Chas. merchant. 

Thorpe G. L. merchant. 

Terril A. B. groceries. 

Terril A. D. groceries. 

TIRRIIil RODNEY W. Real 
Estate, Loan, Collections and Pension 
Agent ; was born in Stewartson, Coos 
Co., N. H., Dec. 22, 1835. In 1844, 
his parents moved to Colebrook, in 
above county, and in 1850 emigrated to 
Prairie du Sac, Wis. Rodney, in Nov., 
1856, came to this county, teaching 
school until 1857, when he went to 
Kansas for a short time, and then re- 
turned to Lodi, Wis., teaching school 
and studying law. After three years, 
he returned to this county, and on Dec. 
30, 1860, he married Eliza J. Weeks, 
who was born in Norwich (now Hunt- 
ington), Hampshire Co., Mass., Oct. 8, 
1836. Mrs. T. came direct from Massa- 
chusetts to this county, with parents, 
twenty-three years ago, and is one of 
the pioneer school teachers of this 
county. 

TIJLTOX EDMUND, Dealer 
in Groceries, Cigars and Tobaccos, 
Main st. ; was born in Philadelphia, 
Pa., Feb. 17, 1831; moved to Man- 
ayunk. Pa., and to Trenton, N. J., 
and back to Philadelphia ; then to Mil- 
ton, Northumberland Co., Pa., from 
which he came to this State, arriv- 
ing on July 4, 1850, settling in Du- 
buque. Married Sarah Hamilton, on 
Aug. 24, 1855. She was born in 
Scotch Valley, Pa., Aug. 24, 1835. She 
came to Dubuque Co. April 30, 1845. 
After living in Cascade, they came to 
this city in 1865. C(»mmencing their 
present business. 

Tipple J. S. merchant. 

Tomlinson E. N. retired. 



TOOGOOD THOMAS (Toogood 

& Bethell, Proprietors of the Clarence 
House), born March 22, 1829, near 
Wells, Somersetshire, England, son of 
James and Jennie (Wilcox) Toogood; 
emigrated with his parents to America, 
arriving at Skaneateles, Onondaga Co., 
N. Y., in May, 1832; remained until 
1840 attending school, and when strong- 
enough assisting his father on the farm 
in Summer ; removed with parents to 
Lysander, Onondago Co., in 1840, work- 
ing on his father's farm ; parents having 
died, removed to Delaware Co., la., 
January, 1855, and settled at Burring- 
ton, now Manchester, and in connection 
with Francis Bethel, built the first hotel 
on the town site, on the northwest cor- 
ner of Franklin and Main streets, nam- 
ing it the '' Clarence House," after a 
hotel of that name in England ; remained 
with Bethell engaged in hotel business, 
farming, etc., and still resides on the 
spot where he first settled, keeping the 
same hotel. Married x\pril 4, 1861, 
Miss Laura A. Peck, born at Otsego, 
N. Y., Oct. 12,1836; children— Ella 
May, born February 1, 1862, died 
February 10, 1868 ; infant child, 
female, born April 25, 1864, died 
April 27, 1864 ; Mattie Belle, born June 
21, 1865 ; Harry Peck, born June 21, 
18()7 ; Charles Clarence, born Dec. 15, 
1868 ; Jennie May, born Nov. 21, 1870; 
Frank Howard, born Nov. 8, 1875. 
Miss Peck was one of the early school 
teachers of Delaware ; taught at Dela- 
ware Centre ( Acersville), in the Spring 
of 1856, and in the Spring of 1857 at 
Burrington, and 1858 at Coffin's Grove ; 
afterward taught one Winter on Buft'alo 
Creek, Buchanan Co. 

TORREY CHARLES O. of the 

firm of Torrey & Jones, Manufacturers 
of and Dealers in Furniture, Coffins, 
Caskets and the Van Vleck Bed Spring, 
Franklin street ; was born in Genesee 
County, N. Y., July 8, 1836. At the 
age of 6 years he went to Vermont, 
residing there until 17 years old, when 
he emigrated to Kane County, 111., and 
in the spring of 1855, came to this Co. 
He married Susan A. Roe, Nov. 5, 
1859; she was born in Berrien Co., 
Mich., Feb. 23, 1841. Mr. T. enlisted 
in the 27th I.V. I., serving three years. 



594 



DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY; 



TOWNSEBfD S A Ml EL D. 

Farmer, Sec. lU; wtis born in Erving's 
Grant, Franklin Co., Mass., July 9, 
1829. Moved to Broom, Canada. Sep- 
tember, 1845, and married Louisa 
French November 22, 18-48, who was 
born in Shefford, Canada East. July 7, 
1880. About 1850, moved to Stephen- 
son Co.. 111.; in July, 1853, went to 
Jones County, Iowa ; in May, 1862, 
came to this county; in April, 1865, 
settled on his present farm. Their chil- 
dren are — Amaria H., born Sept. 1, 
1849, and died Oct. 29, 185U ; Martha 
E., born April 20, 1851, and died Sept. 
11, 1871 ; Aaron W., Dec. 18, 1853; 
Alvin. April 3, 1855; Laura E., Feb. 
10, 18f;i, and died Feb. 1, 1863; and 
Victor A. H., April 9, 1865. 

Towslee John, bootmaker. 

Trenchard N. Gr. harness maker. 

Trenchard S. W. carpenter. 

Truby George, carpenter. 

Turner Salem, laborer. 

Tush Elwood, cabinet maker. 

yjNDERWOOD GEO. carpenter ; Sec. 

Underwood O. A. laborer. 
UlfDERWOOD SII.AS S. Farm 

er, Sec. 2; born in Sandersfield, Mass., Feb. 
9, 1803; with parents moved to Delaware 
Co., N. Y., where he married Catherine 
Love, Nov. 1, 1838, who was born in 
Ireland, Feb. 3, 1812 ; came from Dela- 
ware Co. to this county, arriving June 
30, 1855, settling on liis present farm of 
of 120 acres. 

Utley G. H. laborer. 

"T /^ AN ANTWERP JACOB, carpenter. 

Van Antwerp R. J. laborer. 

VAX AXI>A SALrE G. Attor- 
ney at Law ; born in Sunbury, North- 
umberland Co., Pa., April 20," 1835 ; in 
1851, he entered the Ohio Wesleyan 
University at Delaware, Ohio, graduat- 
ing in 1854 ; during his junior and senior 
years, he read law with Hon. Charles 
Switzer and W. P. Reed, and admitted 
to the bar of the Supreme Court of Ohio 

by Hon. Ranney, Chief Justice of 

the State in 1855 ; entered into partner- 
ship in the law profession with Hon. 
Robert B. Mitchell, and came to this 
county the same year, first settling in 
Delhi, and enlisted as Major of the 2l8t 



Iowa Vol. Inf in 1862, and promoted 
to Lieut. Col. May 22, 1863, command- 
ing the regiment until mustered out ; 
married Lydia B. Weatherby, Dec. 19, 
1859, who was born in Knox Co., Ohio, 
Feb. 16, 1837. 

Van Deusen Mathew, clerk. 

Van Vleck Geo. E. mechanic. 

Van Vleck Henry, mechanic. 

Vibbard Samuel, butcher. 

Vincent G. 0. flour and feed. 

TTT ALTER H. L. photographer. 

Walters I. L. miller. 
Walworth, J. C. laborer. 

Ward C. J. laborer. 

WARNER DAXIEL, Farmer; 
Sec. 13; born in Williams Co., Ohio, 
April 8, 1843 ; emigrated to Kane Co., 
111., where he married Mary Jane Shel- 
don, April 1, 1867, who was born in 
Kane Co., Ill, Jan. 28, 1845; came 
from Kane Co. to this in April, 1866, 
settling on his present farm of 200 
acres ; Caleb Warner, his father, who 
was born in Weston, Oneida Co., N. Y., 
Nov. 23, 1805, moved to Oswego Co., 
N. Y., and then to Williams Co., Ohio, 
and is now residing with his son ; 
Nevada B. is Mr. Warner's only child. 

Warner M. 0. druggist. 

Wasson T. laborer. 

Webber Charles, cooper. 

Webber C. H., laborer. 

Webber G. W., laborer. 

Webber J. G., laborer. 

WAI.TER & WEIDMAX, Pho 
tographers, over Ford Bros', store on 
Franklin street. Harvey L Walter, the 
senior partner of the firm, was born in 
Fayette Co., 0., July 5, 1833. Came 
to the West in 1853 ; married Mary A. 
Fuller in 1864. Came to Manchester 
in 1871. Have two children. W. L. 
Weidman, the junior partner, was born 
in Lysander, Onondaga Co., N. Y., 
Sept. 13, 1853. Moved to Rockford, 
111., with parents in 1855. Came to 
3Ianchester in 1870. where he married 
Mattie Doyle, of Richland Tp., this 
county, Dec. 16, 1877. 

Welderlin John, farmer ; S. 2. 

Wellman Jay clerk. 

Wheeler J. A. Constable. 

White J. J. eating house. 

White W. C. farmer. 



DELHI TOWNSHIP. 



595 



Whiting L. M., laborer. 

Whitman Charles, blacksmith. 

Whitman Henry, farmer. 

Whitman John, farmer. 

WHITMAN MARK, Blacksmith 
and Wagon Manufacturing, Fayette St.; 
born in St. Joseph Co., Ind., July 16, 
1845 ; he, with his parents, emigrated 
to this Co., first settling in what is 
known as Yankee Settlement, and came 
to this city in the Spring of 1860 ; 
commenced his present business in 1861, 
and is now doing business under the 
firm name of Whitman, Hamlin & Co.; 
married M. E. Wilson, November 23, 
1867 ; she was born in Jefterson Co., 
Pa., November 18, 1848. Mr. W. 
enlisted in the 7th la. V. C, July 26, 
1864, serving until the close of the 
war ; Edith M. and Ernest L. are their 
children. 

Whitney C. W. laborer. 

Whitney H. F. tinsmith. 

Wilcox W. M. teacher. 

Wilder A. M. renter ; Sec. 34. 

Williams J. R. farmer ; Sec. 6. 

Wilson J. P. blacksmith. 

Wilson J. S. peddler. 

Wilson Samuel, boot maker. 

Wilson Thos. carpenter. 

Winnestofer Earnhardt, brick maker. 

WISE CtJEORGE E. Farmer ; S. 
9 ; born in Tompkins Co., N. Y., Jan. 
11, 1831. Married Ann E. Townsend 
March 14, 1854, who was born in 
Tompkins Co., Sept. 15, 1833. They 
were married and resided in their native 
county until 1873, when they came to 
this county, arriving in March, and 
bought their present farm, which is bor- 



dered by Honey Creek, and consisting 
of 200 acres. 

WOIiCOTT NELSON J., Dealer 
in Lumber and Farm Implements ; was 
born in Livingston Co., N. Y., May 8, 
1832. In 1852, he went to Australia 
for gold, and after six months in the 
mines he went to Peru, where he joined 
a company prospecting for gold on the 
head waters of the Amazon River, re- 
maining four months in that country 
and various parts of Peru and Chili ; 
thence to San Francisco, Cal., via Pan- 
ama, in which State he remained four 
years and six months, engaged in min- 
ing ; returned to his native county and 
State, August 1, 1858, where he' mar- 
ried Elsie' N. Eiggs, Sept. 29, 1859. 
She was born in Livingston Co., N. Y., 
March 27, 1830. In the Spring of 
1861, they emigrated to this county, 
settUng in Hazel Green Tp., and in 
1870 came to this cify, engaging in his 
present business. 

Woltf L. clothier. 

WoliF A. clothier. 

Work Amasa, butcher. 

Wright W. W. laborer. 

YORAN CAL.VIX, Attorney 
at Law, City Hall Block ; was 
born in Herkimer Co., N. Y., June 5, 
1844. Eesided in native county until 
1870, when he emigrated to this county, 
settling ii! this city, and commenced the 
practice of the law in 1871, at which 
time he was admitted to the bar. Mar- 
ried Phrone Chase, Aus. 10, 1873, 
who was born in Herkimer Co., N. Y., 
March 1, 1847. Melvin J. and Calvin 
0. are their children. 



DELHI TOWNSHIP. 



ALGER I. N. farmer. Sec. 19 ; P. 0. 
Delhi. 
ALLISON SAMUEL, Sr. 

Farmer, Sec. 26 ; P. 0. Delhi. Born 
in Orange Co., N. Y., July 19, 1826 ; 
moved to Ohio in 1840; married Miss 
Rachel Bell in 1854, who was born in 
Licking Co., 0., December, 1 833. They 
have six children living — Cora A., Wm. 
R., John L., Ella, Alice, and Samuel E. 



Came to this county in 1852 ; returned 
to Ohio the following year, and returned 
with his wife in 1854. Owns 680 acres 
of land. 

ALLISON SAMUEL, Jr. 

Farmer, Sec. 24 ; P. 0. Delhi. Born 
in Orange Co., N. Y.. March 19, 1828; 
moved to Ohio in 1841 ; married Miss 
Emeline J. Harris, March 2, 1852 ; she 
was born in Licking Co., 0., Oct. 24, 



596 



DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY 



1831. Mr. A. came to this county in 
1830, entered his land and made some 
improvements ; returned to Ohio, got 
married and came back in 1852. They 
have eight cliildren living — Oscar H., 
Anna L., Mary p]., Minnie M., Laura E., 
Frank E., Eugene and Ida L. Mr. A. 
was elected Assessor in 1876, a position 
he now fills ; has taught school nearly 
every Winter since he resided in the 
county. Owns two sections of land, 
and is an old and influential citizen of 
Delaware County. 

Ammerman J. J. laborer ; P. 0. Delhi. 

Angel G. G. farmer. Sec. 4; P. 0. Delhi. 

Angel James G. far., Sec. 3 ; P. 0. Delhi. 

Anthony H. farmer. Sec. 19; P. 0. Delhi. 

Armstrong,' Elmira, far., S. lU; P.O. Delhi. 

Atwood J. P, well driller, P. O, Delhi. 
>ALL, WM. far., Sec. 5 ; P. 0. Dela- 



B 



BABCOCK V. M. Delhi ; was born 
in Jefferson Co., N. Y., June 16, 1836. 
Went to New Orleans in 1 856 ; remained 
South until May, 1861 ; returned to 
Jeff'erson County, N. Y.; enlisted in 
Battery H, 1st New York Artillery ; 
was appointed First Sergeant at its or- 
ganization ; was promoted to a Lieuten- 
ancy, June 1st, 1862, in which capacity 
he served during term of service ; par- 
ticipated in all the principal battles dur- 
ing the Peninsula campaign ; Fair Oaks 
and Malvern Hill, were the most severe ; 
returned to New Orleans, the Fall of 
'64, from there to Fort Mcintosh, Tex., 
where he remained un'il 1868. Have 
since been in the Western States. Was 
married to Mrs. Esther E. Clark, Oct. 
8, 1873. Mrs. B. had two children, J. 
Byron and Alonzo L., by her former 
husband, Alonzo Clark. Have one boy, 
Carl Eugene. 

BAKER WILLIAM H. Clerk, 

Delhi ; born in Geneseo, N. Y. ; his 
father emigrated to Illinois in an early 
day ; seven years after came to this 
county ; his father was known during 
his life as an able lawyer who enjoyed 
the confidence and respect of the people 
and the esteem of the other honored 
and privileged members of the bar; 
served in several official capacities as 
Justice of the Peace, State's Attorney, 
etc. ; died at his house, Delhi, in 1856 ; 
William was sent to school at Mount 



Vernon, Iowa, and expected to complete 
the course, but owing to the illness of 
his father was called home, and the an- 
ticipated college course abandoned ; the 
family now consist of Charles M., now 
residing in Wamego, Kan. ; Mrs. Helen 
Hook, of Wamego, Kan., and Esther J. 
Griffin, of Delhi. 

Banta Abraham. 

Barber J. M. stone mason, Delhi. 

Barker C. J. flir., Sec. 21 ; P. 0. Delhi. 

Barker Loran, far., Sec. 31 ; P. 0. Delhi. 

Barker Newell, far.. Sec. 32 ; P. 0. Delhi. 

Barnes A. D. far.. Sec. 20 ; P. 0. Delhi. 

Barnes A. R. far., Sec. 20; P. 0. Delhi. 

Barnes B. H. far.. Sec. 20 ; P. 0. Delhi. 

Barnes, J. W. sawyer, S. 29 ; P. 0. Delhi. 

Beal Frank, far., Sec. 17 ; P. 0. Delhi. 

Beal James, far.. Sec. 17 ; P. 0. Delhi. 

Beal Lewis, far.. Sec. 17 ; P. 0. Delhi. 

Bennett Joseph. 

Blanchard I. D., tinner, Delhi. 

BOG<]}^ JEREMIAH B. Aud 
itor of Delaware Co., Delhi. Born in 
Onondaga Co., N. Y., Jan. 12, 1833^ 
lived there till 18-46, when his father 
emigrated to McHenry Co., 111. Came 
to Delaware County in 1850 ; was mar- 
ried to Miss Catharine A. Black, Nov. 
1861. They have three children — Amy, 
Orin T., and Ennis. Served as Deputy 
Sheriff in 1857 and '58; was elected 
Sheriff in 1861 ; elected County Judge 
in 1865 ; Auditor in 1869, a position 
that he now occupies. The Judge is 
among the oldest settlers of this county, 
and is a gentleman who is no less re- 
markable for his social and intellectual 
abilities than for his generosity toward 
his fellow men. 

Boomer Albert. 

Bondurant Robert. 

Bowman Austin, far., S. 24 ; P. O. Delhi. 

BRAYTON JOH5f M. Attorney 
at Law, Delhi; born in Newport, N.Y., 
Sept. 15, 1831. At the age of 14 he 
went to Whitestown Seminary, where 
he remained four years ; graduated at 
Hamilton College, Clinton, in 1853 ; at- 
tended the law school connected with 
the College, under Prof Theodore W. 
Dwight ; admitted to the Bar of the 
Supreme Court of New York, in April, 
1854 ; spent that Summer in the law 
office of B. Davis Noxom, of Syracuse. 
He came to Delhi in Fall of same year, 



DELHI TOWNSHIP. 



597 



and has been engaged in his profession 
most of the time ; was State Senator 
from 1864 to 1868, and Judge of the 
District Court of the 9th Judicial Dis- 
trict, from January, 1871, to July, 
1872. Married Miss Helen M. Martin, 
May 4, 1859 ; she was born in Scho- 
harie County, July 21, 1833. One 
daughter living, Emma L., born Feb. 
24, 1860 ; lost one child, Helen A. 

Brown J. M. ; P. 0. Earlville. 

Brown P. A. far., S. 1 ; P. 0. Earlvilb. 

Brugert Ludwig F. A. farmer. Sec. 35 ; 
P. O. Delhi. 

Burdick Wm., lab., S. 26 ; P. 0. Delhi. 

Burrow Wm., far., S. 11 ; P. 0. Earville. 

/BARTER R. laborer ; P. 0. Delhi. 

Clark N. H. teacher; P.O. Delhi. 

Charter A. E. laborer ; P. 0. Delhi. 

Cook A. J. far., Sec. 13; P. 0. Delhi. 

CORBIE JOHIV, Retired; born 
in Chenango Co., N. Y., Feb. 12, 1812. 
His father moved near Rochester ; lived 
in that part of the State for some 
time ; emigrated from there to Ohio ; 
Mr. C. came to this county in 1837; 
most of the prominent pioneers of the 
county came that season ; remained 
here about two years and returned to 
Ohio where he married Miss Eliza Phil- 
lips in the Spring of 1840. She was 
born in Chautauqua Co., N. Y., Nov. 16, 
1817. Her father was one of the 
earliest settlers of this county, being a 
member of the first board of County 
Commissioners. Mr. Corbin made the 
first assessment of the county ; have 
three children living — John W. Corbin, 
Esther E., now Mrs. Babcock, and 
Doran S. Corbin. 

CORBIN JNO. WINTHROP, 

Farmer, Sec. 26 ; P. 0. Delhi ; born in 
South Fork Township, this county, Jan. 
7, 1841 ; he was the third child born 
in Delaware Co. His father sold his 
property in this county, and moved to 
Ohio in 1856 ; remained there three 
years, during which time he was attend- 
ing school at Oberlin ; served in the army 
in 4th Iowa V. Cavalry ; was in many 
severe engagements ; received three bul- 
let wounds ; was honorably discharged 
Dec, 1866; married Miss Augusta H. 
Plash, Dec. 13, 1866 ; she was born in 
Hanover, Germany, Feb. 27, 1843 ; 



have two children living — Guy Win- 
throp Corbin, and Ira Hyde Corbin ; Mr. 
C. was Sheriff" of this county two years 
from 18*75, an office he filled ably and 
well. Owns 280 acres of land. 

COWLES ETHAN S. Sheriff, 
Delhi ; born in Hampshire, Mass., June 
25, 1829 ; at the age of 15 came to St. 
Charles, 111. ; came to Delaware Co. in 
1852, but soon after returned to Illi- 
nois and married Miss Plicebe Eddy in 
1854 ; she was born in Wyoming Co., 
N. Y., Sept. 27, 1829; returned to 
Delhi in 1854, where they lived one 
year; in 1856, went to Richland Town- 
ship, and entered the land which he now 
owns. He established the Campton P. 
0. in 1857; was appointed P. M. at 
the time, and still holds the position ^ 
served as Justice of the Peace for nine 
years ; was elected Sheriff of Delaware 
Co. in 1877, a position which he fills 
ably and well ; served in the army in 
the 7th Iowa Cavalry. 

Crawford J. C. laborer; Delhi. 

Crosier H. C far.. Sec. 32 ; P. 0. Delhi. 

Cross C. H. Constable ; Delhi. 

Cummings A., carptr.,S. 20; P. 0. Delhi. 

Cummings E. far.. Sec. 8 ; P. 0. Delhi. 

Cummings J. A. clerk ; Delhi. 

Cummings Richard, carpenter; Delhi. 

CUTLER GEORGE, Farmer, 
Sec. 12; P. 0. l]arlville; born in Som- 
erset, Eng., Dec. 15. 1817; came to 
America, with his father's family, in 
1836 ; lived near Syracuse eighteen 
months ; went to Michigan, from there 
to Wisconsin, and finally to his present 
home which was at that time in the 
wilds of a new and desolate country ; 
broke the first prairie in Ede's Grove, 
in the Spring of 1839; has been sur- 
rounded by 700 Indians and not a 
white man to be seen ; carried mail from 
Dubuque to Independence, when no 
other man could be gotten to do it, in 
1832 ; no bridges, no roads but Indian 
trails ; went from where he lives four 
miles above Dubuque to mill, snow four 
feet deep and no road ; kept bachelor's 
hall till 1859, when he married the 
widow Lupton (maiden name Elizabeth 
Jones); owns 120 acres of land ; Mr. 
C. has never been under the care of a 
physician till Feb. 23, 1878, when his. 
leg was broken by a vicious colt. 



598 



DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY: 



DAUBERMAN JOHN, laborer; P. 
0. Delhi. 

Davis VVm. far., Sec. 7 ; P. 0. Delhi. 

Delematter E. J. far., S. 27 ; P. 0. Delhi. 

Donaho F. laborer; Delhi. 

Dooley T. J., attorney; Delhi. 

DOOI^ITTLE CHAS. B. Livery- 
man, Delhi; born in MadLson Co., N. 
Y., Oct. 15, 1837 ; came to Clayton 
Co. at the age of 18; came to Dela- 
ware Co. first in 18G3 ; was here three 
years ; returned to Clayton Co., remain- 
ing there five years, after which he 
muved back to Delhi where he has been 
engaged in livery business since 1872; 
married Miss Theodosia 31. Lawrence, 
Feb. 14, 1859. She was born in Madi- 
son Co., Ohio ; have four children liv- 
ing — Josephine E., Frederick A., Ben- 
jamin A. and Harley 0. ; lost one child 
in infancy. Mr. D. is now Constable 
and is an efficient officer, has a fine liv- 
ery and is doing a good business. 

Doolittle F. A. livery hand, P. 0. Delhi. 

Doolittle F. P. Dept. Clerk Delaware Co. ; 
Delhi. 

DOOLITTLE HON. F. B. Del 

hi, whose portrait appears in this work, 
was born in Delaware Co., N. Y., Dec. 
2-1-, 1825 ; his parents, William and 
Polly A. Duolittle, in the Fall of 1835, 
emigrated to Monroe, Mich, and in 
183(1, to Calhoun Co., Mich., which 
was then outside of civilization, and in- 
habited by Indians ; his father being a 
poor man, with a fapily of twelve chil- 
dren, could give the subject of this 
sketch no facilities f )r an early educa- 
tion, except twelve weeks' schooling in a 
log cabin, for a few Winter terms ; hav- 
ing to work hard the balance of his time 
clearing up a farm in the wilds of the 
Michigan furests. In 18-45, when 19 
years old, he negotiated with his father 
to pay him S15t) for the balance of his 
time, and started out into the world 
with neither money, education or friends. 
When 20 years of age, he hired out to 
a nurseryman for §10.50 per month, 
and by close attention, soon became 
master of the business. Having, during 
the years of 1848 and 1849, his atten- 
tion called to this western country for 
settlement, in the Fall of 1849, he set 
out and came to Delhi, and after viewing 
th(> country concluded to .settle here ; 



then returning to Michigan to make 
final arrangements for a permanent set- 
tlement ; he returned in the Spring of 
1850, and landed in Delhi, May 1st, 
his entire assets being worth about $300, 
and has remained here ever since. The 
county at that time was new, with not 
much civilization and less refined soci- 
ety. The first Summer he worked jiart 
of the time for farmers at established 
wages of 50 cents per day, and balance 
of time made preparations and started 
Silver Lake Nursery which he followed 
up, introducing many valuable varieties 
of fruit and inspiring the settlers to 
cultivate fruit of all the hardy kinds, 
and afterward published a pamphlet on 
fruit culture, entitled " Fruit Culture in 
Northern Iowa," which has been copied 
from extensively by Horticultural writers 
and State Agricultural Reports, and 
has done more to induce fruit culture 
in Northern Iowa, than any other per- 
son. He continued the nursery busi- 
ness about fifteen years, giving employ- 
ment to a large number of men, having 
the largest nursery that has ever been 
in the State. Soon after coming to 
Delhi he found a field opening for oper- 
ating in a small way with his limited 
means in real estate, of which he availed 
himself, and he continued in such more 
or less until the present, and now owns 
about 2,000 acres of land in various 
parts of this State. He now owns three 
cultivated farms which he superintends, 
and has twenty acres of orcharding, 
where he resides, situated on the banks 
of Silver Lake, which is the finest resi- 
dence, with the finest surroundings of 
any in the county. Married Miss Anne 
Comber, Oct. 4, 1851 ; she was born 
Oct. 27, 1828, at Wythaham, Sus.sex 
County, England, and came to America 
with her father's family in Sprins of 
1847, and settled in Dubuque Co., Iowa- 
They have six children, all born in Del- 
hi and now living — Hattie E., born 
Feb. 8, 1853 ; Fred. William, July 8, 
1855; Olie R., Jan. 1, 1858; John 
Comber, April 16, 1860; Nellie Anne, 
Nov. 9, 1862, and Minnie A., Aug. 6, 
1865. His wife died Oct. 26, 1876, 
greatly esteemed by both rich and poor. 
Mr. Doolittle has always been in the 
front ranks in all public enterprises, do- 




DELHI 



DELHI TOWNSHIP. 



601 



ing active work, especially such as tend- 
ed to develop the county ; was one of 
the agitators in organizing a company to 
build a railroad to Delhi, and charter 
member of and did effectual work in 
organizing the Davenport & St. Paul 
Railroad Company, and most active 
in preparing its articles of incorporation 
and setting the company on its feet ; 
was Director and Assistant Treasurer of 
the Company about four years. He in- 
duced the organization of the Delaware 
County Construction Company for the 
purpose of building the Davenport & 
St. Paul R. R. through Delaware Coun- 
ty, a distance of thirty miles, and was 
elected Treasurer of the Company, and 
the general agent to manage its busi- 
ness, and had the management of its 
construction through Delaware County ; 
with limited means and very unfavora- 
ble route, he held the line through Delhi 
against strong opposition from towns on 
other lines, which were much more fa- 
vorable, and which represented much 
greater wealth. He founded and laid 
out the town of Delaware, Delaware Co., 
on the Illinois Central R, R., and se- 
cured a station, and afterward secured 
the Davenport & St. Paul R. R. to 
make its crossing at that place. Was 
elected Judge of Delaware County in 
April, 1855, to fill a vacancy, and after- 
ward re-elected for full term. Was the 
first United States Revenue Collector, 
under the United States Revenue Laws, 
in Delaware County, and held the office 
five years ; has been active in politics 
from his first settlement in the county ; 
was originally a Whig, and one of the 
first to advocate no more slave territory, 
and toik an active part in the county 
convention that organized the Republi- 
can party in this county, and has ever 
since been identified with the party. 
Has always been a temperance man (but 
not fanatical), consistent, not having 
taken a drink of intoxicating liquors 
since he has been in the State, and al- 
ways identifying himself with its in- 
terests. 

Doxee Harry, laborer ; P. 0. Delhi. 

Duart James, lab., Sec. 17 ; P. 0. Delhi. 

Dutton Horace, farmer. Sec. 24 ; P. 0. 
Delhi. 

Dutton J. W. far., Sec. 24; P. 0. Delhi. 



TnARLY PAT, laborer; P. 0. Delhi. 

Eddy R. grain dlr. and lumberman ; Delhi. 
Ellison Geo. far., Sec. 29 ; P. 0. Delhi. 

FEAR E. farmer. Sec. 4 ; P. 0. Dela- 
ware. 

Fear Henry C. far.. Sec. 4; P. 0. Delaware. 

Fear W. S. far.. Sec. 4 ; P. 0. Delaware. 

Fitzimmons C. F. far., Sec. 4 ; P. 0. Delhi. 

FliEMINO CHARLES F. 
Proprietor of Rockynook Mills, Delhi ; 
born in Stockholm, Sweden, June 3, 
1829. Came to the United States in 
1839 ; settled at Kingston, Mass.; was 
trained for the seas and sailed for nine 
years on "old ocean's" surging billows. 
In 1848 went to the gold regions of 
California, where he remained for seven 
years. Returned home in 1855, and 
married Miss Mary S. Holmes in same 
year; she was born in Plymouth, Mass. 
Have six children living — Charles F., 
Jr., Andrew M., David A., Edmund H., 
Mary L., and Elise C. Mr. F. owns 
2,0U0 acres of land. When he first 
came to this county, he built a steam 
grist-mill on the banks of Silver Lake, 
and afterward purchased the Rocky- 
nook mill property (water power) on the 
Maquoketa, which he now owns. 

Follett W. U. shoemaker, Delhi. 

FULLER FRAXCIS E. Pro 
prietor Billiard Hall, Delhi ; born in Mc- 
Henry Co., 111., June 27, 1853; came 
to this county in 1874 ; married Miss 
NelHe Dan forth Oct. 5, 1875 ; she was 
born near Niagara Falls, New York ; 
one child — Earl, born July 27, 1876; 
died April 1, 1877 ; his wife died Oct. 
10, 1877. 

FULLER GEO. H. Physician 
and Surgeon, P. 0. Di-lhi ;- born in 
Stowe, Vt, Aug. 13, 1841; parents 
emigrated to Massachusetts in 1854, 
and came to Buchanan Co., Iowa, in 
1856 ; served in the army during the 
war in the 27th Iowa V. I. ; was ap- 
pointed Hospital Steward in March, 
1865, and Second Lieutenant 87th U. 
S. Col. Inf , March, 1865 ; was in com- 
mand of a Company till 1866 ; was hon- 
orably disitharged at New Orleuns ; at- 
tended his first course of medical lectures 
of Ann Arbor, Mich., and graduated at 
the Chicago Medical College in the class 
of 1869 ; practiced in Delhi till 1873 ; 

3 



602 



DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY: 



was then employed by the Government 
as Physician at the Crow Indian Agency, 
Mont., and at the Fort Hall Indian 
Agency of Idaho; returned home in 
1877 ; has settled in Delhi, where he is 
engaged in the practice of his profession; 
married Miss D. Adelaide Boomer, Jan. 
3, 1873 ; she was born at Garden Prai- 
rie, Boone Co., 111., April 18, 1847 ; she 
is the daughter of Dr. A. Boomer, who 
moved to this county in 1853. 

Furman Charles, miller, S. 30; P.O. Delhi. 

Furman Geo. R. miller, S. 30 ; P.O. Delhi. 

FURMAN RUSSEL W. Prop. 

Hartwick Mills, Delhi ; born in Cayuga 
Co., N. Y., Feb. 5, 1822; came to Han- 
over, Jo Daviess Co., 111., in 1842, where 
he lived till he moved to this county ; he 
came to Delaware Co. in 1869 ; has been 
connected with the milling business since 
his residence here. Owns 300 acres of 
land, and is extensively engaged in stock 
growing and farming ; married Miss Cyn- 
thia Tyler Oct. 24, 1847 ; she was born 
in Benton Co., N. H. ; have two chil- 
dren living — Charles H. and George R. ; 
lost one daughter — Sophronia. 
r^ ALPIN CHARLES, mer.; Delhi. 

GAIXES E. P. Delhi; Retired; 
born in Washington Co., Penn., 
Oct. 24, 184G ; moved to Madison Co., 
Indiana, 1 854 ; then to this State, Du- 
buque, in 1857 ; settled in Earlville in 
1859. He was married in February, 
1875, to Miss Minnie A. Butcher. She 
was born in Galena, 111., Nov. 16, 1854; 
they have one child, Beulah L., born 
Aug. 29, 1876. Mr. Gaines held the 
position as clerk in dry goods and gro- 
cery houses in Earlville for seven years. 
He carried on the mercantile business 
on his own account for three years ; he 
opened the Iowa House at Delhi 1st 
of March, 1878. 

Gleason A. L. Postmaster ; Delhi. 

Gleason B. F. millwright ; Delhi. 

Gibbs J. W. far., S. n ; P. 0. Earlville. 

Ginger, J. A. laborer ; P. 0. Delhi. 

Goestel Geo., far., S. 30; P. O. Delhi. 

Griffin C. M. laborer; P. 0. Delhi. 

Griffin H. M. far., Sec. 17 ; P. O. Delhi. 

<^RIFFI]V JFXIUS A. Farmer; 
Sec. 15 ; P. O. Delhi ; born in Sum- 
mersworth, N. H., April 22, 1839; 
came to this county in 1851, where he 



has since resided ; his father entered a; 
section of land where he now lives, a 
part of which he owns ; married Miss 
Isabella B. Gray, March 19, 1862. 
She was born in Scotland, March 19, 
1846 ; there are seven children living — 
Clarence E., James A., Arthur H., Hat- 
tie E., Harry M., Eva M. and Ralph E.; 
owns 45 acres of land. 

HAM GEO., farmer, Sec. 2 ; P. 0. 
Earlville. 
HAEBERLE H. C. Deputy Treas- 
urer of Delaware Co., Delhi ; born in 
Goeppingen, AVurtemburg, Feb. 8, 1847. 
His parents emigrated to the United 
States when he was young ; settled in 
Dubuque County, in 1860, was Teller in 
bank of Gelpecke & Co.; latter part of 
same year commenced learning harness 
making of L. D. Randall & Co., and con- 
tinued till Sept., 1872, and lived there 
until 1863 ; was in various parts of North- 
eastern Iowa till he came to h ^laware 
County in 1868; served as Depui^ Clerk 
of this county during 1873 and 1874 ; 
Clerk in abstract office for Henry Har- 
ger in 1875 ; since that time has been 
Deputy Treasurer of this county. Mr. 
H. is a gentleman whose steady habits 
and close attention to his business beget 
for him the confidence and respect of 
the citizens of the county. He married 
Oct. 20, 1875, Miss Clara P. Heath- 
she was born in Union Township, this 
county, Aug. 3, 1 853. One child living, 
Fannie E.; lost one, Charles E. Mr. 
H. is a member of A., F. & A. M.; also 
United Workmen, I. 0. 0. F. and En- 
campment. 
Ham John, far., Sec. 2; P. 0. Earlville. 
Hamilton A. P. far., Sec. 8; P. 0. Delhi. 
HARGER HENRY, Abstracts of 
Titles, Delhi ; born in Oxford, Conn., 
April 14, 1832; came to Chicago in 
1853; was in City Surveyor's office 
for three months ; returned home and 
graduated at the Connecticut State Nor- 
mal School in 1856 ; followed teaching: 
there until 1858, when he removed to 
Delaware Co., Iowa, arriving here in 
May; continued teaching until the war 
broke out ; assisted in recruiting a com- 
pany, and was mustered into the 21st 
I. V. I., as Second Lieutenant in 1862 ; 
j was in the severe engagemt nts of Grand 
I Gulf, Black River, and sitge of Vicks- 



DELHI TOWNSHTP. 



603 



burg ; was promoted to First Lieutenant 
at Vicksburg ; received an honorable 
discharge in January, 18G4. He mar- 
ried Miss Sarah E. Smith May 4, 1864 ; 
she was born in St Joseph Co., Mich., 
Sept. 13, 1843; have two children — 
Frank E. and Burton B. Mr. H. 
served as County Surveyor from 1865 
to 18G7, and as Kecorder from 1867 to 
1875. Owns 265 acres of land. 

Harper Peter, farmer; Sec. 15; P. 0. 
Delhi. 

Harris A. P. carpenter ; Delhi. 

Hawes G. W. J. retired ; P. 0. Delhi. 

Heath E. V. Station Agent ; Delhi. 

HEATH W. A. Attorney at Law, 
Delhi ; born in Geneseo, New York, 
Feb. 21, 1834 ; he came to Delaware 
Co., Iowa, in 1857 ; commenced the 
study of law, and was found to be an 
industrious student, an apt pupil, and 
possessing a loill endowed with native 
energy, an unswerving purpose of mind, 
which are sufficient guarantees of suc- 
cess ; he was admitted and taken into 
full fellowship with the honored and 
privileged members of the bar in 1860 ; 
he has been in the practice of his pro- 
fession in Delhi, the county seat of 
Delaware Co., since that time ; married 
Miss Mary Barnard April 26, 1860; 
she was born in England ; have two 
children — Jessie and Ralph M. 

Heise Fred. 

Held J. P. tin and hardware, Delhi. 

HOBBS CHARI.es W. Delhi; 
was born in Queen Ann's Md., Dec. 3, 
1805. His father, Charles, was born in 
that State, and died in 1817 ; the sub- 
ject of this sketch resided in that State 
until the age of 30 ; part of the time 
farming and part clerking for James 
Gibson of Queenstown. In October, 
1836, be went to St. Louis, and remained 
there until Oct. 1837, engaged as a clerk 
for David B. Hill, Inmber merchant. 
The same month he left St. Louis and 
went to Dubuque, Iowa, remaining in 
Dubuque Co. several years ; In 1840, he 
moved to Delaware Co., farming for two 
years, when he moved to Delhi, where 
he resided until 1857, when he went to 
Osage, Mitchell Co., and served two 
years and one half as Receiver of Land 
Office. That office being abolished, he 
returned to Delhi, where he has since 



resided. Was the First Clerk of District 
Court and also of Commissioners Court, 
holding each position for seven years. 
Recorder of Deeds one term. Took the 
U. S. census for this county in 1860. 
Has been Justice of the Peace seven or 
eight years, and also Postmaster of 
Delhi. He married Mary E. A. Ring- 
gold in Queenstown, Md., Dec. 22, 

1831. She died . They 

had four children, three living — Charles 
F., born Nov. 11, 1833; Alexander, 
G., Sept. 4, 1836, and Thomas Wilson 
Benton, Feb. 4, 1842, and one dead — 
Anna Mary Wilson. Married his pre- 
sent wife, Philinda S. Barnes in Delhi, 
July 6, 1856 ; she was born in Franklin 
Co., Ver., Aug. 13, 1831 ; they had 
seven children, two living — Theron W., 
born May 12, 1862, and Bertha Mina, 
Ang. 7, 1865; five died in infancy. 

HOLBROOK CAPT. JOSEPH 

M. County Treasurer, Delhi; born in 
Sackett's Harbor, N. Y. ; came to Man- 
chester, Delaware Co., in 1859 ; was in 
the grain business till the war broke out 
when he assisted in the org;inization of 
a company for the 27th Iowa V. I. • 
was mustered into service as First Lieu- 
tenant Company F, Aug. 14, 1862; 
followed the varied fortunes of the regi- 
ment under Gen. Banks till he was 
wounded at Pleasant Hill on Red River ; 
was sent to New Orleans where the am- 
putation of his arm became necessary ; 
was commissioned Captain Aug. 24, 
1863 ; served on Court Martial duty at 
Memphis, Tenn., till he was honorably 
discharged July 13, 1865; the Captain 
has served as Treasurer of Delaware Co. 
for twelve years, a position which he still 
holds with credit to himself and to the 
satisfaction of the people. 

Holdridge Riley, far. S. 23 ; P. 0. Delhi. 

House L. S. fiir. Sec. 16; P. 0. Delhi. 

HOUSE & DOOL.EY, Attorneys 
and Counselors at Law, Delhi ; A. E. 
House was born in Oswego Co., N. Y., 
Dec. 13, 1828 ; was educated in his na- 
tive county where he also studied law in 
the offices of Judge Allen and D. H. 
Marsh ; was admitted to the bar in 1 851 ; 
married Miss Louisa M. Spang in 1858; 
she was born in Pennsylvania ; have one 
child — Arthur, aged 11; the Judge 
served as Major of the 6lh Iowa V. Cav- 



604 



DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY; 



airy during the war; Mr. T. J. Dooley 
was born in La Salle, 111., Sept. 1, 1853 ; 
studied his profession in his native 
county, and was admitted to the bar in 
1872 ; came to Delaware Co. in 1876. 

Howe C. W. butcher; Delhi. 

Hughes A. R. laborer ; Delhi. 

Hughes Frazier, laborer ; Delhi. 

Hutchins Marvin, prop. Harding Hotel ; 
Delhi. 

JACKSON JAMES, farmer, Sec. 15; 
P. 0. Delhi. 

JACKSON HENRY C. County 
Recorder, Delhi; born in Hopkinton, 
this county, Feb. 23, 1844; his parents 
came to this county in an early day and 
were among the first settlers ; he was 
educated at the Lenox Collegiate Insti- 
tute, formerly known as the Bowen Col- 
legiate Institute, of Hopkinton ; mar- 
ried Miss EllaE. Wells, Sept. 27, 1876 ; 
she was born in Fulton, N. Y., Jan. 3, 
1853; came to this county in 1868; 
Mr. J. was elected Recorder in the Fall 
of 1874, a position which he still holds 
with credit and ability. 

Joslin Benj. farmer, S. 31 ; P. 0. Delhi. 

Joslin J. R. farmer, S. 31 ; P. 0. Delhi. 

Joslin W. J. farmer, S. 31 ; P. 0. Delhi. 

KEITH P. W. clerk Harding House; 
Delhi. 

Keith Thomas, farmer ; P. 0. Delhi. 

Kelley James, farmer ; P. 0. Delhi. 

Kelley Michael, P. 0. Delhi. 

KelleyT.C. laborer; Delhi. 

Kelley Thomas, farm.; S. 13 ; P.O. Delhi. 

KENNA PATRICK, Proprietor 
Billiard Hall and Saloon, Delhi ; born 
in Canada Feb. 14, 1852; came to the 
United States when quite young ; has a 
faint recollection of seeing Niagara 
Falls ; first settled in Jackson Co., 
Iowa; in 1857 moved to Jones Co.; 
came to Delaware Co. in 1862 ; mar- 
ried Miss Charlotte A. McLaughlin 
Jan. 6, 1865; she was born in Key 
Port, New Jersey ; have two children — 
Letitia and William. 

Kenny Ross, farmer ; P. 0. Delhi. 

Kinney Wni. 

Kofhmehl Joseph, wagon maker; Delhi. 

Kourt Barnard, farmer, S. 34 ; P. 0. 
Delhi. 

Kurlson R. 

ACRONE I. A. blacksmith, Delhi. 



I 



Lampson R. H. tenant farmer ; Sec. 7 ; 

P. 0. Delhi. 
Lampson S. farmer. Sec. 7 ; P. 0. Delhi. 
Laughlin John, far. ; P. 0. Delhi. 
Lees Henry, far. S. 14 ; P. 0. Delhi. 
Lenehan Pat. saloon ; Delhi. 
Libe Adam, far. S. 13 ; P. 0. Earlville. 
Long Jos. far. Sec. 6 ; P. 0. Delaware. 
Lorig Matt blacksmith ; Delhi. 
Lovell F. A. tinner ; Delhi. 
Lutes William, carp.. Sec. 20 ; Delhi. 
Lux Geo. far. Sec. 36 ; P. 0. Earlville. 
Lux M. far. Sec. 36 ; P. 0. Earlville. 
Lux Peter, far. Sec. 35 ; P. 0. Delhi. 

McCANN JOHN, farmer. Sec. 20 ; 
P. 0. Delhi. 

McCormick Nathaniel, far. ; P. 0. Delhi. 

McCoy H. C. mason ; Delhi. 

McElmel J. F. far., S. 25 ; P. 0. Delhi. 

McEOIEL JOHN, Merchant, 
Delhi; born in Pittsburgh, Pa., Nov. 7, 
1843 ; came to Delaware Co. in 1855 ; 
crossed the plains in 1864, to the gold 
regions of California; came back in 
1868 ; married Miss Mary E. Lux in 
1870 ; she was born in Prussia; have 
four children living — Helen, Stephen, 
Eugene and John ; lost one child, 
Margaret. Mr. M. has been engaged 
in merchandising at his present location 
since last Fall ; keeps a general stock 
and by fair dealing and honest goods 
hopes to increase his already established 
business. 

McElmeel Jos. far.. Sec. 25 ; P. 0. Delhi. 

McElmeel Owen, far., S. 36 ; P. 0. Delhi. 

McGuire Barney, section boss, Delhi. 

McGuire Bernard, clerk, Delhi. 

McGuire John, laborer, P. 0. Delhi. 

McKEE OEOROE H. Farmer, 
See. 9 ; P. 0. Earlville ; born Jefferson 
Co., N. Y., at Sackett's Harbor, Jan. 
15, 1827. In 1850 he went to the gold 
regions of California ; returned to New 
York in 1853 ; came to Dubuque Co. in 
1854, and to Delaware County in 1866. 
He married Miss Lucretia A. Fitsim- 
mons Jan. 4, 1854 ; she was born in 
Orleans Co., Vt., Jan. 23, 1835 ; have 
five children living — Monroe C, Emmet 
S., Martha A., Mary L., and Bertha L. 
Owns 215 acres of land. 

McKee A. C. far.. Sec. 9 ; P. 0. Delhi. 

McLaughlin Thos. far., S. 15; P. 0. Delhi. 

McLaughlin Thos. H. farmer, Sec. 15; P. 
0. Delhi. 



DELHI TOWNSHIP 



605 



McMeel Barney, blacksmith, Delhi. 
McMeel James, farmer; P. 0. Delhi. 
McMeel Owen, stone mason ; Delhi. 

Mc]Meel P. blacksmith ; Delhi. 

McMillan John, saloon ; Delhi. 

McReynolds Charles, lab. ; P. 0. Delhi. 

McReynolds E. W. farmer; Sec. 16 ; P. 
0. Delhi. 

Martin Erastus, teamster ; Delhi. 

Martin Thomas, laborer ; P. 0. Delhi. 

Mason Martin, carpenter; Delhi. 

Mitchell James, fer., S. 24 ; P. 0. Delhi. 

Moore Nelson, for., S. 4 ; P. 0. Delaware. 

Moore Milton. 

Morgan B. S. carpenter ; Delhi. 

Morgan F. E. mechanic ; Delhi. 

Morgan Wm. carpenter ; Delhi. 

Myers Rufus R. ; P. 0. Delhi. 

S^TAYLAN MICHAEL, laborer; P. 

i_N 0. Delhi. 

Neal W. F. painter ; Delhi. 

Nugent J. F. Catholic priest ; Delhi. 

Noble J. M. retired ; P. 0. Delhi. 

Norris Harrison, laborer ; P. 0. Delhi. 

Norris James, l-enter ; P. 0. Delhi. 

Norris, J. W. Delhi. 

NORRIN LEONARD, Farmer, S. 
14 ; P. 0. Delhi ; born in Washington 
Co., Ky., Jan. 26, 1817 ; moved to Illi- 
nois in 1831 ; married Miss Martha Ash- 
burn Sept. 13, 1842; .she was born in 
Overton Co., Tenn., Jan. 11, 1825 ; they 
came to Delaware Co. in 1843, when but 
few white people had ventured into what 
was thought a wild and cheerless Eldo- 
rado ; have seven children living — John 
W., James T., Joseph B., Harrison, 
Royal L., Susan E. and Ida May; lost 
three children. Mr. N. entered the land 
upon which he now lives and owns. 

Norris Thos., far.. Sec. 14 ; P. 0. Delhi. 

Nutting S. M. carpenter ; P. 0. Delhi. 

OEHLER AMBROSE, far. ; Sec. 14, 
P. 0. Earlville. 
Oehler G -o. far.. Sec. 14 ; P. 0. Earlville. 
Olmsted S. E. far., Sec. 19 ; P. 0. Delhi. 
-pALMER JOHN, agent; Delhi. 

Parker Alfred, far., S. 3; P. 0. Earlville. 
Parker EUas, for., Sec. 3 ; P. 0. Earlville. 
Patterson J. T. 

Pearson P. M. laborer ; Delhi. 
Penn Geo. W. former, S. 9 ; P. 0. Delhi. 
Penn John T. merchant ; Delhi. 
PEXN JOHN W. RtJtired Farmer, 
Sec. 9 ; P. 0. Delhi ; born in Nelson 



Co., Va., Nov. 24, 1810 ; emigrated to 
Dubuque Co. in 1833 ; lived there until 
1839, when he came to Delaware Co., 
in the Spring, one of the pioneers of the 
county ; went hunting with the Indians 
a great many times and camped out with 
them ; took a claim of the land where 
they now live, in a beautiful grove, 
through which runs a delightful stream, 
both of which bear the name of Penn 
after the subject of this sketch ; mar- 
ried Widow Dance (maiden name Par- 
melia Sade) Feb. 10, 1846; she was 
born in Gallatin Co., Ky., January 
27, 1817; her parents moved near 
Springfield, 111., when she was a child; 
she had four children by former mar- 
riage — Amos J., Francis M., William 
M. and Mrs. Melissa Stoner ; they have 
five children — Eliza, now Mrs. John 
Norris; John T., George W., Mary, 
now Mrs. Furman, and Fannie L. ; the 
first Com. Court was held in Mr. P.'s 
cabin ; he has been Sheriff ten years, 
Justice of the Peace two years, and 
held various positions of trust and 
honor. 
Peters H. E. teacher; Delhi. 
Peters H. K. former; P. 0. Delhi. 
PETERS COI>. JOHN H. Attor- 
ney at Law, Delhi ; born in Litchfield 
Co., Conn., Feb. 2, 1829 ; was educated 
at the district school and academy of his 
native village and completed at Trinity 
College, Hartford, Conn., where he also 
received the rudiments of a military ed- 
ucation, which proved of great service 
to him in after life ; studied law in the 
in the ofl&ce of the Hon. Truman Smith, 
since U. S. Senator from that State ; 
in 1852, removed to Freeport, 111., and 
was soon after admitted to practice in 
the Supreme Court of that State, at the 
Capitol, by examination ; came to Delhi, 
the county seat of Delaware Co., and 
commenced the practice of his profes- 
sion, showing marked ability and energy 
and at an early age took a prominent 
position among the leading members of 
the bar of Northern Iowa ; the Colonel 
was a brave and dashing ofiicer during the 
war, beloved by his men and respected 
by all ; he is now engaged in the prac- 
tice of his profession at Delhi, where he 
is surrounded by a host of admiring 
friends and acquaintances. 



606 



DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY; 



Petlon Jacob, farmer, Sec. 6 ; P. 0. 

Delaware. 
Phillips Bloomer, tenant farmer, Sec. 22 ; 

P. 0. Delhi. 
Phillips J. M. farm., S. 23 ; P. 0. Delhi. 
Phillips Zina, renter, S. 22; P. 0. Delhi. 
Poor J. tenant far., S. 19; P. 0. Delhi. 
Porter J. evergreen nursery ; P. O. Delhi. 
Powell C. W. farmer; Sec. 11; P. 0. 

p]arlville. 
Powell Martin, farmer, Sec. 12; P. 0. 

Earlville. 
Powers John, farmer; P. 0. Delhi. 
Preston Alvah, laborer ; P. 0. Delhi. 
Preston Alvah, Sr., retired; P. 0. Delhi. 
Price William, laborer ; P. 0. Delhi. 
Pulver B. farmer. Sec. 22 ; P. 0. Delhi. 
Pulver Daniel, farm., S. 15 ; P. 0. Delhi. 
Pulver Henry, retired, S. 15 ; P.O. Delhi. 
Pulver J. M. farm., S. 15; P. 0. Delhi. 

ROBINSON CHARLES, farmer, S. 
12 ; P. 0. Earlville. 
Robinson William, farmer, Sec. 10; P. 

0. Earlville. 
Rockwell William, farmer ; P. 0. Delhi. 
Rue G. H. laborer ; P. 0. Delhi. 

SANBORN RAWSON, farm hand, 
Sec. 7 ; P. 0. Delhi. 

SATTERL.ee JEROME B. 
Attorney and Clerk of the Courts, 
Delhi ; born in Herkimer Co., N. Y., 
July 3, 1838 ; was educated at Fair- 
field Seminary ; commenced the study 
of his profession in his native county, 
but at the breaking; out of the war 
enlisted in the 44th N. Y. V. I.; partici- 
pated in the various battles in which 
his regiment was engaged, till he was 
honorably discharged, Aug. 30, 1864; 
came to Delaware Co. in 1866 ; con- 
tinued his study in the oflBce of the 
Hon. Ray B. GriflBn ; admitted to the 
Bar in April, 1867 ; married Miss 
Frances E. Wood, of Manchester, Iowa, 
Sept. 22, 1868 ; she was born in Grant 
Co., Wis., May 28, 1848; have two 
children — Mary D. and M. Clark. 
Served as Justice of the Peace two 
years, and is now serving his second 
term as Clerk of the Courts, the duties 
of which he performs faithfully and well. 

Shaw John H. laborer, P. 0. Delhi. 

Shaw Thomas, far., Sec. 18 ; P. 0. Delhi. 

Shaw Wra. Andrew, laborer; P. 0. Delhi. 

Sherburne Geo. N., printer; Delhi. 

Slinburne S. laborer; P. 0. Delhi. 



Short Moses, teamster; Delhi. 

Shottmiller Frank, farmer. Sec. 1 ; P. 0. 
Earlville. 

Sims J. W. oardener ; P. 0. Delhi. 

SIM Ol^S' GEORGE, Farmer, Sec. 
23; P. 0. Delhi; born in Buckingham- 
shire, Eng., Dec. 25, 1817. Married 
Miss Sarah Short, March 12, 1837; she 
was born in same shire March, 19, 1818. 
He came to the United States in 1842, 
and settled in Ohio, where they remained 
four and a half years ; then returned to 
England, coming back to Ohio in two 
and a half years again ; came to this 
county in 1860. They have five chil- 
dren living — Thomas, Maria, Edward J., 
Joseph C. and Mary E.; have lost four 
children. Mr. S. and his son Thomas 
served in the 21st Reg. I. V. I., during 
the war ; he was wounded at Hartsville, 
Mo., and will carry the rebel lead to his 
grave; was wounded in head and knee 
at same battle ; was taken sick in Texas, 
and sent to New Orleans in Invalid 
Corps ; took small-pox there ; was hon- 
orably discharged in May, 1865. 

Simons J. E. far., Sec. 24 '; P. 0. Delhi. 

Simons Thomas, farmer. Sec. 23 ; P. 0. 
Delhi. 

Smith D. M. farmer and minister. Sec. 5 ; 
P. 0. Delaware. 

Smith Erastus, far.. Sec. 32 ; P. 0. Delhi. 

SMITH FRAXCIS K. Superin- 
tendent Poor Farm of Delaware County; 
Delhi ; born in Erie County, 0., Dec. 
12, 1822. He married Miss Elizabeth 
Minkler Feb. 7, 1844 ; have three chil- 
dren by this marriage, one of whom is 
now living (Mrs. Ennis Martin, of Os- 
wego, N. Y.); lost his wife in 1859. 
Was married again to Mrs. Craig, whose 
maiden name was Miss Nellie J. Dull, 
Feb. 22, 1865 ; she had three children 
by first marriage, two of whom are liv- 
ing — Jennie M. and S. Lyle ; Mrs. 8. 
was born in Portage County, O., Nov. 
27, 1839. Mr. S. and his estimable 
wife have for some time had charge of 
the unfortunates who have been taken 
" over the hill to the Poor House." The 
order and neatness that prevail about 
the premises conclusively show that they 
are the right persons in the right place. 
They have had two children, one living, 
Ada E. Their little boy, William Bur- 
ton, or, as he was better known by all 



DELHI TOWNSHrP. 



607 



the household and friends, " Little 
Bertie," died May 2, 1875. 

"Put away the little garments, 

Bertie needs them now no more. 
Jesus watches safely o'er him, 
On that bright and happy shore." 

Smith G. D. laborer ; P. O. Delhi. 

Smith J. B. far., S. 28 ; P. 0. Delhi. 

Smith Mortimer, far., S. 28 ; P. 0. Delhi. 

Smith Samuel, far.. Sec. 19 ; P. 0. Delhi. 

Snell John, far., Sec. 17 ; P. 0. Delhi 

Spang H. A. retired ; P. 0. Delhi. 

Standacher John, far., Sec. 29; P. 0. 
Earlville. 

STONE ANDREW whose portroit 
appears in this work, is of Welsh extrac- 
tion. His father. Carder Stone, was an 
old resident of Providence, Khode 
Island, and died in Milford, Otsego Co., 
N. Y. The subject of this sketch was 
born March 28, 1807, in Milford, Otsego 
Co., N. Y., where he remained farming 
with his father until the age of 21. He 
then purchased a farm of his own. He 
iame to Delaware Co. in April 21, 1854 
and settled in Delhi Tp., Sec. 9, residing 
there one year. He then moved to the 
village of Delhi, where he has resided 
ever since ; he has been Justice of the 
Peace two terms. Township Trustee two 
terms, Poor House Director four and 
one half years ; he married Dec. 27, 
1827, Priscilla Pepper in Milford ; she 
was born in 1800, in Ware, Mass., and 
died April 17, 1876 at Delhi; they had 
seven children, five living — Henry B., 
Emily M., Leverett S., Chester D. and 
James L. ; two dead — Sevilla A. and 
Hiram. Married his present wife, Eliza- 
beth Van Deusen, in Delhi, Oct. 15, 
1876. She was born in Columbia Co., 
N. Y., Jan. 22, 1821. 

Stahr J. W. far., S. 35 ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 

Stoner Cyrus, farmer. Sec. 10 ; P. 0. 
D"lhi. 

Stone C. D. farmer. Sec. 7 : P. (). Delhi. 

SUMMERS SYLVESTER S. 
Collection Agent and Notary Public ; 
Delhi ; born in Livingston Co., N. Y., 
Sept. 11, 1839; live'd there till 1865 
when he came to Delaware Co. ; fol- 
lowed teaching 12 years ; has served as 
Justice of the Peace for several terms, 
a position he now holds with ability en- 
joying the confidence and respect of the 
people ; was married to Miss Jennie 



Thompson in 1868 ; she was born in 
Livingston Co., N. Y. 

Sutton J. P. fiir., Sec. 21 ; P. 0. Delhi. 

Sutton S. D. far.. Sec. 6 ; P. 0. Delhi. 

Sweeney Andrew, laborer ; P. 0. Delhi. 

Swinburne John, sexton ; Delhi. 

SWINBUNE J. B. Editor of" Delhi 
Monitor \' was born at Cottam, Eng- 
land, Nov. 21, 1849; came with his 
paronts to the U. S. in 1852, and settled 
in Lockport, 111. ; after remaining there 
one year ; they went to Joliet, where he 
remained until 1855, when he came to 
Delhi; in 1859 he commenced the print- 
ing business in Delhi with J. L. 
McCreery, of " Delaware Co. Journal,'' 
and worked three years. In 1 863, he 
went to Dubuque and worked on the 
Duhuque Times. In 1864, he went to 
Manchester and worked four years on 
the Delaware Co. Union. From 1868 
to 1872, he worked on the Dubuque 
Herald. In 1872 came to Delhi, and 
took charge as Foreman of the Delaware 
Go. Recorder. In Aug., 1872, he 
bought the Recorder and changed its 
name to Delhi Monitor. He has made 
it a first-class paper, which has been 
steadily increasing in circulation every 
year, and to-day ranks with any of the 
papers of this county. 

TALMADGE GEO. farmer. Sec. 31. 
P. 0. Delhi. 
Tegard L. D. 

Thompson Daniel, laborer; P. 0. Delhi. 
Thompson Frank, laborer ; P. 0. Delhi. 
Thompson Isaac, tailor ; P. 0. Delhi. 
Thompson Joe, printer in Monitor office, 

Delhi. 
Thompson John Q. school teacher; Delhi. 
Thompson Wm. laborer ; P. 0. Delhi. 

THORPE BENJAMIN, Sr. 

Merchant, Delhi ; born in Stamford, 
Conn., February 11, 1814; moved to 
Dutchess Co., N. Y. ; lived there seven 
years, and moved into the city of New 
York, where he remained 17 years ; was 
engaged in manufacturing hats ; married 
Miss Elizabeth Lasher in Dutchess Co., 
the place of her nativity ; they have 
eight children — Benjamin, Jr., Charles, 
Garrett L., Rachel' A., Sturges P., 
Alfred, George M. and Richard ; came 
to Delhi in 1855, and has been engaged 
in business here since 1856. 
Tibbitts A. E. far., S. 16 ; P. 0. Delhi. 



608 



DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY: 



Traynor John, farm hand ; P. 0. Delhi. 

Tubbs E. P. farmer. S. 22 ; P. 0. Delhi. 

TIIBBS GEORGE, Farmer, Sec. 
16; P. O. Delhi: burn in Otsego Co., 
N. Y., Feb. 19, 1803; in 1844, moved 
to McHenry Co., 111. ; married Miss 
Amy Swift, of Otsego Co., N. Y. ; 
eight children, seven of whom are still 
living — Anna V. (deceased), Mrs. Betsy 
White, Eliza, Mrs. Alsena Baker, Mrs. 
Cynthia Benson ; Hyde E., Mrs. Maha- 
la White, Mrs. Harriet Tibbetts ; wife 
died Oct. 4, 1873 ; was married to the 
Widow Macrennels (maiden name Mary 
A. Blewett) in 18T4 ; she was born in 
Cornwall, Eng., May 10, 1827 ; she had 
six children by first marriage — Elias W., 
Jane A., Charles H., Lorinda, Sarah, 
and Fannie E. (deceasedj ; Mr. T. came 
to Delaware Co., in 1851 ; they own 118 
acres of land. 

Turner Eli, farmer, S. 14 ; P. 0. Delhi. 

Turner Samuel, far. S. 14 ; P. 0. Delhi. 

Twiss T. A. Deputy Auditor Delaware Co. ; 
Delhi. 

YAN ANTWERP DANIEL, farmer, 
Sec. 7 ; P. 0. Delhi. 
TTTARD JOHN. 

WATTSON GEORGE, Attorney 
at Law, Delhi ; born in Philadelphia, 
Pa., March 9, 1819 ; parents removed 
to Jefferson Co., N. Y., where he was 
reared and educated ; studied his pro- 
fession in the office of Hon. Andrew 
Trumo, of Ky. ; was admitted to the 
bar in 1842 ; practiced two years in part- 
nership with his preceptor ; moved to 
Detroit, Mich., in 1845, where he prac- 



ticed one year with Hon. John Norvelr 
U. S. District Attorney ; his health fail- 
ing, he spent several years in travel, 
hunting and fishing ; came to Delhi in 
1856; was elected Prosecuting Attor- 
ney, but did not accept ; served as Dis- 
trict Attorney of Ninth Judicial District 
four years and County Recorder two 
years ; married Miss Elizabeth Rutan 
Aug. 4, 1860; she was born in Pater- 
son, New Jersey ; they have one son — 
George Webster. 

Way Wm. tenant far. S. 5 ; P. 0. Delhi. 

Wheelock Zibo, far. S. 23 ; P. 0. Delhi. 

WHITE ELISHA M. Farmer, 
Sec. 16; P. 0. Delhi; born in Oswego 
Co., N. Y., Dec. 26, 1833; parents 
moved to Ohio in 1834 ; remained there 
three years, and went to McHenry Co., 
111. ; in 1849, his family went to Califor- 
nia and the family returned to Ohio ; 
Mr. White came to Delaware Co. in 
1856; married Miss Betsey Tubbs Dec. 
25, 1857; she was born in Oswego Co., 
N. Y., April 6, 1831 ; have three chil- 
dren living — Harriet S., JohnR., Louie 
A. ; lost one child in infancy ; owns 80 
acres of land. 

White Geo. tenant far. S. 9 ; P. 0. Delhi. 

Whitaker J. J. farmer. Sec. 14 ; P. 0. 
Earlville. 

White J. R. tenant farmer ; P. 0. Delhi. 

White Ward, carpenter; P.O. Delhi. 

Wilcox Erastus, far. S. 29 ; P. 0. Delhi. 

Wilcox Geo. farmer, S. 32 ; P. 0. Delhi. 

Wilson Frank, far. Sec. 28 ; P. 0. Delhi. ; 

Winters William. 

Wolfe J. H. farmer. Sec. 18 ; P. 0. Delhi. 



COLONY TOWNSHIP. 



ADAMS W. S. blacksmith; P. 0. 
Colesburg. 
Averitt Jas F. P. 0. Colesburg. 
Avcritt Thomas E., M. D. ; P. O. Colesburg. 

BARKER WM. farmer and mason; Sec. 
10 ; P. 0. Colesburg. 
Baiivsett George, renter; Sec. 17 ; P. 0. 

Colesburg. 
Bockenstedt Clemans, farmer ; Sec. 26 ; P. 
0. New Vienna. 



Bockenstedt F. H. far. ; S. 27 ; P. 0. New 
Vienna. 

Bohnenkamp T. far. ; S. 27 ; P. 0. Peters- 
burg. 

Bohnenkamp W. far. ; S. 36 ; P. 0. New 
Vienna. 

Bolsinger A. J.; P. O. Colesburg. 

Bolsinger C. W. clerk ; P. 0. Colesbug. 

Bolsinger E. J. far. ; S. 15; P.O. Colesburg. 

Bolsinger J. K. clerk ; Colesburg. 



COLONY TOWNSHIP. 



609 



Bolsins^er P. C. merchant ; Colesburg. 

BUSH ELIZABETH, Widow; 

(maiden name Long) ; resides on farm ; 
Sec. 6 ; P. 0. Colesburg ; born in North- 
ampton Co., Pa., Nov., 1799; was 
married in 1818, to Henry Bush, who 
was born in Pa. in 1797 ; died July 16, 
^ 847 ; have seven children living — 
Sarah M. (Kinney), George, Wm. VVar- 
ren, P]llen (Strader), Emily (Potts), and 
John V. ; lost three — Henry, Mary A. 
and Sophia ; came to this county in 
1851, when the country was quite new ; 
she is now in her 79th year, and never 
until last Fall required the services of a 
physician ; she is a member of the Con- 
gregational Church. 
Bush Geo. W. far.. S. 6; P. 0. Colesburg. 
BUSH JOHir V. Dealer in Drugs, 
Medicines, Paints, Oils, Dye Stuffs, Gro- 
ceries, Hardware, Boots, Shoes, Station- 
ery and Toilet Goods. Prescriptions 
carefully compounded. Born in Mon- 
roe Co., Pa., Jan. 11, 1840, accompa- 
nied his mother to this county in 1851, 
settled on the farm two miles west of 
town, where she still resides. He was 
married. May 22, 1861, to Ameha Bris- 
tol ; she was born in Orange Co., N. Y., 
March 1 3, 1 840. Have four children- 
Wilbur H., Ella, John A. and Lizzie. 
In 1869, he came to Colesburg, and was 
in charge ef the steam saw-mill until 
1875 ; commenced the drug business 
here in 1876. When Mr. B. first came 
to this county, it was wild and all kinds 
of game abundant, of which he has 
brought down his share. 

CAIBL DAN'L S. carpenter; P. 0. 
Colesburg. 

Cairl Eugene, photographer ; Colesburg. 

Caskey James, miller; Colesburg. 

Chapman Jos., Justice of the Peace; Coles- 
burg. 

Chapman Wm. P., tinner; Colesburg. 

Cleveland Chas. carpenter ; Colesburg. 

Cloud Marion, far.,S. 20; P. 0. Colesburg. 

Cole Geo. renter, S. 20 ; P. 0. Coleburg. 

Cole Jas. farmer, S. 20 ; P. 0. Colesburg. 

Cole Michael, f\ir., S. 5 ; P. 0. Colesburg. 

COLE THOMAS, Dealer in Dry 
Goods, Groceries, Drug."., etc., Colesburg. 
Born in England June 11, 1825, came to 
the United States in 1832, and settled in 
Tioga Co., N. Y.; came to this county 
in 1847, went to New York in 1849, 



and was married to Hannah Wilson, 
and returned the same year ; she was 
born in England in 1829. Mr. C. en- 
gaged in business soon after his arrival, 
occupying a part of the same building 
he is in at present. There was only a 
log cabin in Colesburg when he came ; 
the following year there were two more 
built, aod for ten years settlers came in 
slowly. Ls probably the oldest merchant 
in the county. Have one child — EllaL.; 
lost two — Matee and Minnie. Mr. C. 
was Township Clerk two terms. Trustee 
four, and School Director one; was Post- 
master five years. Family belong to the 
Methodist Church. 

Cole Wm. renter. Sec. 21; P. 0. Colesburg. 

Coleman B. F. shoemaker ; Colesburg. 

Conrad Geo. far., Sec. 1; P. 0. Colesburg. 

Crebal John, far.. Sec. 34; P.O.Petersburg. 

Curler Francis, far. S. 3 ; P. 0. Colesburg. 

Curry R. C. potter ; Colesburg. 

DATARS HENRY, renter; P. 0. 
New Vienna. 
Delong 0. P. blacksmith; Colesburg. 
Deutmeyer Henry, farmer, Sec. 27 ; P. 0. 

Petersburg. 
Dickson George, P. 0. Colesburg. 
Dickson Jas. Jr., P. 0. Colesburg. 
BICKSON JAMES, Farmer, Sec. 

30 ; P. 0. Colesburg ; born in Lanark- 
shire, Scotland, May 10, 1820. Was 
married April 23, 1843, to Margaret 
Hill ; she was born in Ayreshire, Scot- 
land, in 1818; emigrated to the U.S. in 
1849; lived in New York till August 
of the same year ; moved to Perry Co., 
Ind., and to this township in 1851 ; set- 
tled on Sec. 1, near Colesburg. Mrs. D. 
died Oct. 12, 1866 ; she was the mother 
of three children — Thomas, Grace and 
George ; all born in Scotland. Moved 
to this farm in 1871, and owns 210 
acres. Has been Road Supervisor three 
years, and his third term as School Di- 
rector. Family attend the Congrega- 
tional Church. 

BICKSOJf JOHN, Farmer, Sec. 

31 ; P. 0. Earlville; born in Lanark- 
shire, Scotland, June 18, 1815. Was 
married December 29, 1835, to Isabelle 
Rodger, who was born in same county 
in 1811. Mr. D. was apprenticed to the 
milling business in 1831 ; was master 
of the trade in 18-^5 ; has worked at it 
for 30 years. Came to this county in 



610 



DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY; 



1871 ; bought this farm of 54 acres, 
and still resides here. Mrs. D. died 
March 27. 1878; she was the mother of 
eleven children, nine living — Margaret, 
Elizabeth, John, Agnes, Jane, Isabel, 
James, Thomas and Janet ; lost two — 
Thomas and Mary. Family are all 
members of the Church of Scotland. 

DICKSON ROBERT, Farmer, 
Sec. 31 ; P. 0. Earlville ; born in Lan- 
arkshire, Scotland, April 21, 1830; 
came to the U. S. in 1851, and to this 
county same year ; settled near Coles- 
burg; in 1853, his parents whom he 
had left in Scotland joined him here and 
remained with him till their deaths. 
Mr. D. then returned to Scotland, and 
was married there June 6, 1872, to 
Catharine Bell ; she was born in Lanark- 
shire in 1839; returned home Fall of 

1872 ; owns 146 acres of land. Attends 
the Congregational Church. 

Dickson T. M.far.; S. 20 ; P. 0. Colesburg. 
Dickson Thomas Jr. P. 0. Colesburg. 
Dittmer George, S. 30 ; P. 0. Colesburg. 
Dittmer J. C. E. farmer ; Sec. 30 ; P. 0. 

Colesburg. 
Domeyer A. far.; Sec. 34 ; P. 0. Petersburg. 

EIKMAN HENRY, farmer; Sec. 24; 
P. 0. New Vienna. 

Ellis Wm. C. far. ; Sec. 14 ; P. 0. Coles- 
burg. 
FEUSTERMAN DETRICK, renter ; 
Sec. 19 ; P. 0. Colesburg. 

FLshel G. A. far. ; S. 23; P. 0. Colesburg. 

Fishel J. far. ; Sec. 23 ; P. 0. Colesburg. 

Fitch Robert, laborer ; P. C. Colesburg. 

Fitzpatrick Luke, farmer: Sec. 18; P. 0. 
Colesburg. 

Fleuhrer Jacob, far.; S. 19 ; P. O. Colesburg. 

Flynn Geo. far.; Sec. 10 ; P. 0. Colesburg. 

Flynn Wm. far.; Sec. 10; P. 0. Colesburg. 

Foley David, laborer ; P. 0. Colesburg. 

Frericks Henry, farmer ; Sec. 32 ; P. 0. 
Petersburg. 

Funk Benj. propr. Centennial Hotel, 
Colesburg. 

Frank J. W. clerk, Colesburg. 

Frank Wallace, farmer ; Sec. 3 ; P. 0. 
Colesburg. 

G^ EBHARD JOSEPH, farmer ; Sec. 
J" '22 ; P. 0, Petersburg. 
Glynn Michael, renter ; Sec. 23 ; P. 0. 

Colesburg. 
Goodken Barney, farmer; Sec. 35; P. 0. 
Petersburtj. 



Goodken G. H. farmer ; Section 35 ; P. 0. 

Petersburg. 
Goodken John, farmer ; Sec. 35 ; P. 0. 

Petersburg, 
Goodken John (x. farmer ; Sec. 35 ; P. O. 

Petersburg. 

GRAVES WILI.IAM H. Re 

tired Farmer ; P. 0. Colesburg ; born 
in Sullivan Co., N. H., July 4^, 1814; 
moved to Sangamon Co., 111., in 1838 ; 
was married there May 26, 1839, to La- 
vina Sherman. She was born in Addi- 
son Co., Vt. ; soon after moved to Jack- 
son Co., Iowa ; was in Bellevue when 
the citizens drove the gamblers, horse 
thieves, etc., out of the place, about the 
time of the Davenport murder. Voted 
for the first Governor elected in Iowa ; 
came to this county in 1848, where Mrs. 
G. died June 2, 1873. She was the 
mother of four children — Henry W., 
born in 1842, and Marcia J. (^now Mrs. 
McPherson) in 1848, are living. Lost 
two, Julia and Orson. Mr. G. was 
married again Sept. 15, 1873, to Belin- 
da Bristol, born in N. J., Dec. 10, 1835; 
Owns 110 acres of land in Clayton 
Co. 

Grimes F. A. potter ; Colesburg. 

GRIMES JOSEPH, Retired Farm- 
er ; P. 0. Colesburg ; born in Tioga Co., 
N. Y., July 4, 1814; was married Sept. 
6, 1838, to MeUssa A. Phelps ; she was 
born in Rensselaer Co., N. Y., July 25, 
1819 ; came to this county in 1844 ; 
settled in this town, but moved the fol- 
lowing Spring to Clayton County, where 
he built a saw-mill on Elk Creek, and 
operated it three years ; moved to farm 
in this township, where he continued to 
reside until March, 1877 ; owns 183 
acres and considerable town property ; 
have four children living — Ralph M., 
Frank A., Emma E. and Joe E. ; lost 
two — Caroline and Ruth ; Mr. Grimes 
represented the county in the Lower 
House in 1858 and 1859 ; was a mem- 
ber of the State Senate from 1868 U) 
1872 ; has been Justice of the Peace 
and Notary Public about twenty years, 
besides other minor offices ; family attend 
the M. B. Church. 

HARTBEKE S. B. farmer; Sec. 20 ; 
P. 0. Colesburg. 
Hartke B. H. farmer ; S. 7 ; P. O. Colas- 
burg;. 



COLONY TOWNSHIP. 



611 



Hendrickson Simon, carpenter and joiner ; 

Colesburg. 
Henners Fred. far. ; S. 23 ; P.O. Vienna. 
Hennekes John, far. ; S. 3_' ; P. 0. Peters- 
burg. 
Hewitt J. B. carp, and builder ; Colesburg. 
Hoisington S. for.; S. 1 ; P. 0. Colesburg. 
Hofer Wm. far.; S. 8 ; P. 0. Colesburg. 
Hogan Pat. far.; Sec. 15 ; P. 0. Colesburg. 
Hofbert A. B. for.; S. 3::!; P. 0. Petersburg. 
Holbert Jos. for.; S. 33 ; P. 0. Petersburg. 
'Holbeit T. R. far.; S. 33; P. 0. Petersburg. 
Holbert W. F. for.; S. 32; P.O. Petersburg. 
Holcher H. far.; S. 18 ; P. 0. Colesburg. 
Holcher J. W.far. S. 30 ; P. 0. Petersburg. 

HUBBARO HEZEKIAH, Re 

tired Fanner ; P. 0. Colesburg ; born 
in Middlesex Co., Conn., May 10, 1813; 
was married, March 4, 1835, to Sarah 
Clark; she was born in Bennington, Yt., 
Jan. 15, 1813; Mr. H. was employed 
at various occupations in Northern Penn- 
sylvania from 1S36 to the Spring of 
1846, when he moved into this town- 
ship ; entered 120 acres of land; has 
been farming and dealing in stock ever 
since ; now owns 80 acres of land ; has 
four children living — Sarah M., Eilen T., 
Ezra S. and Lucretia K. (now Mrs. Cup- 
pett) ; lost four — Mary C, Lorena, 
Francis A. and Harriet A. ; Mr. H. has 
been Road Supervisor about ten years ; 
Mrs. H. belongs to the M. E. Church. 
HUBBARD J ABED, Manufoc 
turer and Repairer of Jewelry, Watches, 
Clocks, etc. ; Colesburg ; born in Middle- 
sex Co., Conn., May 3, 1821 ; started 
West in company with a brother in 1841 ; 
came by steamboat to Jersey City, thence 
by rail to York, Pa., which was the farthest 
west the cars ran at that time ; came 
by stage to Pittsburgh, thence by steam- 
boattoSt.Charles, Mo., where they stayed 
one month, and proceeded to Galena ; 
fr^m there they came, on foot, to this 
place, arriving in May ; selected and en- 
tered land ; stopped with Old David 
Moreland ; built a barn for him then, 
which still stands on the old homestead ; 
it was the first barn built in this part 
of the county ; Mr. H. was married Dec. 
21, 1869, to Sarah J. Garretson born 
in Bedford Co., Pa., Oct. 10, 1842 ; two 
children — Flora A., born June 4, 1870, 
and Oris L., Feb. 10, 1874; owns 30 
acres of land, and town property io Bel- 



mont, Wright Co., Iowa, and house and 
two lots here. 
Hughes Jas. saloon keeper ; Colesburg. 

JACOBS JEROME B. shoemaker; 
Colesburg. 
Jasper G. H. far., S. 15 ; P. 0. Colesburg. 

KAEGER GERHARD, renter ; Sec. 
16 ; P. 0. Colesburg. 

Keirn Patrick, renter, S. 21 ; Colesburg. 

Keller Frank, laborer ; P. 0. Colesburg. 

Keller Rudolph, farmer ; Sec. 8 ; P. 0. 
Colesburg. 

Kenton John, renter ; Sec. 9 ; P. 0. Coles- 
burg. 

Kerchheck J. D. shoemaker ; P. 0. Coles- 
burg. 

Kipp Henry, farmer ; Sec. 14 ; P. New 
Vienna. 

Kip^^ H. B. J. far. ; Sec. 15 ; P. 0. Coles- 
buig. 

Klamp Henry, farmer ; Sec. 30 ; P. 0. 
Colesburg. 

KL.AUS HERHAIV H. Farmer 
and Stock Raiser ; Sec. 6 ; P. 0. Coles- 
burg ; born in Hanover, Germany, Oct. 
8,1821 ; emigrated to the United States 
in 1837 ; came in a sail vessel to 
New Orleans ; up the Mississippi River 
by steamboat to St. Charles, Mo., 
where he remained until May, 1845, 
when he came to this county, and 
settled on this farm, a part of which 
he entered at government price ; he now 
owns 670 acres, the greater portion of 
which is improved; was married in 
1849, to Katherine M. Kruempel, born 
in Germany in 1831 ; have six children 
living — Emma, Eliza, Frederick W., 
George, Delia and Joseph. Lost four — 
Alice, Charles, Benjamin and an infant. 
Has been School Director and President 
of the Board near 20 years. Family 
belong to the Methodist Church, of 
which Mr. K. has been Steward 28 
years, and local preacher 26 years; he 
has been a great friend to his country- 
men ; often sent money to bring them 
here, and afterward take care of them 
till they could get a start for themselves ; 
has several houses on his farm for their 
accommodation at the present time. Re- 
publican. 

KL.AUS JOHN l>. Farmer; Sec. 7 ; 
P. 0. Colesburg ; born in Hanover, 
Germany, Feb. 2, 1813 ; emigrated to 
IT. S. in 1837, and to this county in 



612 



DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY: 



1842 ; entered 120 acres of land ; now 
owns 480 ; married in St. Louis March 
23, 1848, to Elizabeth Hartbecka, who 
was born in Hanover, Germany, May 
28, 1821; have six children living 
— Margaret A. (now Mrs Holscher) 
Mary M. (Wellemeyerj Elizabeth (Inn- 
sher) William H., John H. and Samuel 
W. Lost one — John H., died in this 
county, aged IG months. Mr. K. is 
one of the oldest settlers here ; helped 
to clear away the hazel brush and timber ; 
was Road Supervisor several terms. 
Family belong to the M. E. Church. 

Kleeman Herman, far.: S. 5 ; P. 0. Coles- 
burg. 

Kle-'man Kaaper, far.; S. 5; P. 0. Coles- 
burg. 

Kleeman Wm. far.; Sec. 5 ; P. 0. Colesburg. 

Klosterman F. J. iarmer ; Sec. 32 ; P. 0. 
Petersburg. 

Knee David, carpenter ; Colesburg. 

Knee George, carpenter ; Colesburg. 

Knee James, clerk in P. 0.; Colesburg. 

Knee John H. carpenter ; Colesburg. 

Knee Oliver H. P. carpenter ; Colesbur" 

KNEE, SAMI.. G., COL. Post- 
master, Dealer in Dry Goods, Groceries 
etc., Colesburg ; born in Blair Co., Pa., 
March 11, 1834; came to this county 
in 1855 ; worked at carpenter trade 
till the beginning of the war ; enlisted 
Sept. 19, 1861, in the 12th Iowa In- 
fantry ; participated in the battles of 
Forts Henry and Donelson ; was taken 
prisoner at Shiloh ; held till the follow- 
ing October, when he was paroled, and 
in the Spring joined his regiment ; was 
promoted to Second Lieutenant in 
March, 1863, to Captain in Sept. same 
year ; was in command of Pioneer 
Corps six months ; promoted to Major 
Jan. 15, 1865, and to Lieut. Col. Jan. 
1, 1866. Was married July 19, 1866, 
to Julia Moreland. She was born in 
this county April 14, 1845. Have 
three children — Frank, Blanche and 
Eddie ; held the position of Postm;ister 
eight years ; attends the Congregational 
Church. 

Knippling Anton, farmer ; Sec. 34; P. 0. 
Petersburg. 

Koopmann Gerhard, renter ; Sec. 6 ; P. 0. 
Colesburg. 

Koopmann Henry, renter ; Sec. 6 ; P. 0. 
Colesburg. 



Koopmann Herman, renter ; Sec. 6 ; P. O. 
Colesburg. 

Kramer John H. farmer; Sec. 26; P. O. 
New Vienna. 

Kremier B. H. far., S. 26 ; P. 0. Peters- 
burg. 

Kuhlman Detrich, renter, S. 8 ; Colesburg. 

Kurrilmeir Bernard, renter, S. 6; Coles- 
burg. 
LAMMERS JOHN, Farmer, Sec. 21 ; 
P. 0. Petersburg. 

Lammors Rudolph, far., S. 21 ; P. 0. Pe- 
tersburg. 

Lampa Barney, far.. S. 33 ; P. 0. Peters 
burg. 

Lampman Henry, gro., S. 33 ; P. 0. Pe- 
tersburg. 

Lampman John, far., S. 33 ; P. 0. Peters- 
burg. 

Lampman Theo., far., S. 33 ; P. 0. Pe- 
tersburg. 

Land is Abraham, Colesburg. 

Landis Jacob Sr., far., S. 15; Colesburg. 

Landis Jacob Jr., far., S. 15; Colesburg. 

Landis Joshua, farmer; Colesburg. 

Lansing John, far., S. 23 ; P. 0. New- 
Vienna. 

Leichtenberg Wm. far. ; S. 23 ; P. 0. New 
Vienna. 

Link George, far., S. 23; P. 0. New 
Vienna. 

Lockridge I. N., cabinet maker ; Colesburg. 

Lochridge Thos. J., harness maker; Coles- 
burg. 

Loffers Bernard, renter, S. 19 ; P. 0, 
Colesburg. 

Loffers J. G., far., S. 20; P. 0. Colesburg. 

Luhrsman B. H., far., S. 36; P. 0. New 
Vienna. 

McCRUM JOHN, Farmer, Sec. 9; 
P. 0. Colesburg, 
McMahon John, farmer, Sec. 16 ; P. 0. 

Colesburg. 
McMahon Michael, farmer. Sec. 9 ; P. 0. 

Colesburg. 
McMahon Simon, farmer, Sec. 9 ; P. 0. 

Colesburg. 
McNamee E. L. farmer. Sec. 4 ; P. 0. 

Colesburg. 

McNAMEE I.AWREXCE, 

Farmer; Sec. 4 ; P. 0. Colesburg ; born 
in Chenango Co., N. Y., Dec. 29, 1805j 
emigrated to Missouri Territory ia 
1819 ; came down the Ohio River on a 
boat they built on the head waters of 
the Allegheny River, to Shawneetown, 



COLONY TOWNSHIP. 



613 



111., crossed with team to Alton, which 
was then only a ferrying point — only 
one cabin in the place, that of the 
ferryman ; settled at St. Charles ; was 
married March 25, 1829, to Errelia 
Cole, who was born in Oneida Co., N. 
Y., Oct. 18, 1808 ; came to this county 
in 1842 ; settled on the farm he now 
occupies ; owns 480 acres, nearly all of 
which was wild land, hazel thicket and 
timber ; Mrs. McNamee died here, in 
Feb. 8, 1856; she was the mother of 
eleven children — Eliza J. and Martha 
S. (Otis) and three infants died in this 
township; those living are Cyrus L., 
Mary E. (Otis), Edwin L., Medora H. 
(Lang\ Sarah E. (Fitch) and Evaline ; 
Mr. M. was again married Dec. 11, 1856, 
to Mrs. Sebrah Clark (maiden name, 
Cole), born in Oneida Co., N. Y., Dec. 6, 
1806; has four children by first mar- 
riage — Harriet C. (Bailey), Benjamin 
A. and Samuel C; lost two — Seth, 
died here in 1845, and Norman L., died 
at Rocky Bar, Idaho, in 1873; Mr. 
McN. served as County Commissioner, 
two terms , Justice of the Peace, six 
years ; County Assessor, two, Township 
Assessor, about fifteen years ; family 
attend the M. E. Church. 

McPherson Alex, farmer. Sec. 19 ; P. 0. 
Colesburg. 

Malvin Marion, farmer, Sec. 17 ; P. 0. 
Colesburg. 

Malvin Wm. far., S. 17 ; P. 0. Colesburg. 

Matthews Jos. far. ; S. 31 ; P. 0. Earlville. 

Matthews J. W. fir.; S. 31; P. 0. Earlville. 

Matthews W. W. far.; S. 31. P.O. Earlville. 

Mensen Albert, far. ; Sec. 28 : P. O. Peters- 
burg. 

Mensen Barney, renter; Sec. 29; P.O. Peters- 
burg. 

Merten Elias, far. ; Sec. 8 ; P. 0. Colesburg. 

Merten Frederick, far. ; S. 8; P. 0. Colesburg. 

Merten J. S. fir.; Sec. 8; P. 0. Colesburg. 

Merten Joseph, far. ; S. 8; P. 0. Colesburg. 

MorelandDavid, far.;S. 5;P. 0. Colesburg. 

Moreland Isaac A. saloon ; Colesburg. 

Moreland John, teamster ; Colesburg. 

Moreland J. B. farmer ; P. 0. Colesburg. 

MONTCJOMERY RACHEL, 

Widow (maiden name Porterl ; resides 
on farm ; Sec. 5 ; P. 0. Colesburg ; born 
in Crawford Co., Pa., July 30, 1808 ; 
lived there on her fither's firm until she 
was married, Feb. 19, 1852, to Archi- 



bald Montgomery; he was born in Mer- 
cer Co., Pa., Oct. 22, 1805 ; he came 
to this county in 1843 ; was among the 
first settlers ; he buried his first wife 
here in 1849 ; married in Pa.; she was 
the mother of nine children; Mr. M. 
died July 30, 1875 ; at the time of his 
death, he owned 1,200 acres of land, of 
which Mrs. M. is now the owner of 440 ; 
she is a member of the United Presby- 
terian Church. 
'INTTICHOLS F. C. laborer; Colesburg. 

/^'NEAL IRA, laborer ; Colesburg. 

Ovel Herman, far. ; Sec. 28 ; P. 0. Peters- 
burg. 

PAGE DANIEL A. farmer ; Sec. 4 ; 
P. 0. Colesburg. 
Page Jeremiah, farmer ; Sec. 4 ; P. 0. 

Colesburg. 
Patridge Almon, farmer ; Sec. 5 ; P. 0. 

Colesburg. 
PATRIDGE DAXIEL, Farm- 
er ; Sec. 5 ; P. 0. Colesburg ; born in 
Essex Co., N. Y., March 28, 1811 ; his 
father, Stephen Patridge, was killed at 
the battle of Plattsburg. The subject 
of this sketch came to Michigan in 
1835, where he was married, in 1836, 
to Sarah Smith ; born in Erie Co., N.Y., 
May 24, 1818. They came to this 
county in 1853, and settled on the farm 
where they now reside ; owns 198 acres. 
Have eight children living — Emma A. 
(Mrs. Mapes), Lucy E. (Baldwin), Ir- 
ving A., Albert L., Candace L. ( Mer- 
tonj, Almon D., Rhoda E. and Mary. 
Lost three — James, aged 5 years ; El- 
ton E., 3 years, and an infant. Mr. P. 
was School Director three years. Family 
belong to the M. E. Church. 

Pasker Joseph, farmer ; Sec. 25 ; P. 0. 
New Vienna. 

Perkins Perry, farmer ; P. 0. Colesburg. 

Piatt Jacob, far.; S. 24 ; P. 0. Colesburg. 

Piatt John, far.; S. 14 ; P. O. Colesburg. 

Potts Geo. F. teamster ; P. 0. Colesburg. 

Prentice James, saw-mill ; P. 0. Colesburg. 

Peetz Michael, farmer : Sec. 22 ; P. 0. 
Petersburg:. 

RAHE HENRY, farmer; Sec. 25; 
P. 0. New Vienna. 
Rea A. W. fir.; Sec. 20 ; P. 0. Colesburg. 
REA GEORGE W. Farmer and 
Stock Raiser ; Sec. 16 ; P. 0. Coles 



614 



DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY 



burg ; born in Bedford Co., Pa,, June 
20, 1817 ; moved to Richland Co., Ohio, 
tn 1826 ; was married there June 11, 
18-10, to Mary P. Merideth. She was 
born in Belmont Co., Ohio, April 3, 
1819. They came to this county in 
1848, bought this farm in 1851, built 
where he now reside.s ; the land was 
wild, unimprovt'd prairie ; now owns 
160 acres, nearly all under cultivation. 
Have eight children — Amand.s W., Geo. 
T., Maggie A. (Myers). Oscar E., Al- 
bin M., Emma J. (Grimes). Florence S. 
(^Dunham ), and Frank H. Lost two — 
Martha E., died in Ohio in 1846, and 
Mary E., here in 1862. Amandus and 
George were in the army, the former in 
Company B, 5th Cavalry, one yeai, and 
the latter in Company G, 6th Cavalry, 
near four years. Mr. R. is serving his 
fifth year as Township Trustee ; was 
School Director several years ; attended 
the M. E. Church, of which Mr. R. is a 
member. 

Rea Geo. T. far.; S. 16 ; P. 0. Colesburg. 

Recker Joseph, farmer. Sec. 34 ; P. O. 
Petersburg. 

Reesberg Anton, farmer. Sec. 25 ; P. 0. 
New Vienna. 

Reesberg Kasper, farmer, Sec. 25 ; P. 0. 
New Vienna. 

Reesberg William, farmer, See. 25 ; P. 0. 
New Vienna. 

Retherford James, farmer. Sec. 24 ; P. 0. 
Colesburg, 

Ridenour Thos. wagon maker ; Colesburg. 

Rolfs Frank, farmer. Sec. 31 ; P. 0. Pe- 
tersburg. 

Rupeiper Wm. farmer, Sec. 29; P. 0. 
Colesburg. 

Rupeiper Wm. Jr. farmer, Sec. 29 ; P. 0. 
Colesburg. 

SAMPSON WILLIAM, farmer. Sec. 
29 ; P. 0. Colesburg. 
Scherbring George, farmer, Sec. 33 ; P. 0. 

Petersburg. 
Scherbring Henry, farmer, Sec. 33 ; P. 0. 

Petersburg. 
Scherbring Henry Jr. Sec. 33 ; P. 0. Pe- 

tersbu g. 
Schweiteit Bernard, farmer, Sec. 18 ; P. O. 

Colesburg. 
Shaffer Charles, Colesburg. 
Shaffer Chas. E. wagon maker, Colesburg. 
Shanker Henry, farmer. Sec. 7 ; P. 0. 

Colesburgr. 



NI^IOXN €HARI.ES, farmer. Sec. 
24 ; P. 0. Colesburg. Born in Tioga 
Co., N. Y., April 12, 1835, came to 
this county in 1849, and moved to this 
farm in 1868. Was married Oct. 15, 
1857, to Jane Dickson, daughter of 
Missouri Dickson, who came to this 
county in 1838, and settled on this 
farm, a large portion of which now be- 
longs to his daughter ; she was the first 
white child born in this township — born 
Dec. 14, 1839 ; owns 340 acres of land. 
Have five children — Edgar, Sarah E., 
Charles D., Wm. H. and Mary J. Mr. 
S. was School Director three years. His 
father, F. B. Simons, resides with him; 
he was born in Tioga Co., N. Y., in 
1804; was married, in 1825, to Sarah 
Rewey, who died in New York Jan. 23, 
1847 ; was the mother of four children, 
of whom Charles is the only survivor. 

Simons F. B., far.; S. 25; P. 0. Colesburg. 

Smith J. H., far.; S. 9 ; P. 0. Colesburg. 

Smith J. D., far.; S. 13; P. O. Colesburg. 

Smout E., far.; S. 8; P. 0. Colesburg. 

Sprague B. F., far.; S. 9 ; P. 0. Colesburg. 

STiEDMAX RICHARD, Physi 
cian and Surgeon, P. 0. Colesburg; 
born in Lanark, Can., in December, 
1824; was married there Feb. 28, 
1846, to Phoebe Purvis. She was born 
in same place April 2, 1826. He 
graduated in 1853 at Syracuse JNIedical 
College, Syracuse, N. Y. Came to this 
town in 1855. Has practiced here 
without interruption for twenty-three 
years ; is one of the most reliable phy- 
sicians in the county ; enjoys the confi- 
dence of both the general public and 
the medical fraternity. Have four 
children living — Mary J. (Wilson), 
George W., now in California, Frank 
R. and Sarah J. Lost one — Lydia E., 
died in infancy. Family belong to the 
M. E. Church. • 

Stillinger P., far.; S. 4; P. 0. Colesburg. 

Stober J., far.; S. 22 ; P. 0. Colesburg. 

Storm G., renter ; S. 31 ; P. O. Petersburg. 

Sunderman H., rtr.; S. 29; P. 0. Coles- 
burg. 
TAPKA H., far.; S. 35; P. 0. New 
Vienna. 

Tebben H., rtr.; S. 28 ; P. 0. Petersburg. 

Tobie C. A., physician ; P. 0. Colesburg. 

YARWOLD HENRY, farmer; Sec. 
9 ; P. O. Colesburg. 



MILO TOWNSHIP. 



615 



Vaska Barney, farmer ; Sec. 36 ; P. 0. 

New Vienna. 
Vichgust Barney, shoemaker ; Sec. 13 ; P. 

O. New Vienna. 
Vichgust Theo. farmer; Sec. 22; P. 0. 

Petersburg. 
Von Lamden Henry, farmer ; Sec. 35 ; 

P. 0. New Vienna. 

WISMAN JESSE renter; P. 0. 
Colesburg. 

Wedewer Barney, farmer ; Sec. 26 ; P. 
New Vienna. 

Wheit Christian, farmer; Sec. 7 ; P. 0. 
Colesburg. 

Wheit Geo. far.; Sec. 18; P. 0. Coles- 
burg. 

Wilcherd Anton, farmer ; Sec. 13 ; P. 0. 
New Vienna. 

Willenberg Clemans, farmer ; Sec. 29 ; P. 
0. Petersburg. 



Willenberg Henry, farmer ; Sec. 29 ; P. 
0. Petersburg. 

WILSON RICHARD, Tinsmith 
and Dealer in Hardware ; P. 0. Coles- 
burg; born in Yorkshire, England, Dec. 
12, 1837 ; accompanied his parents to 
N. Y., when quite young ; came to this 
Co. in 1851 ; engaged in this business 
the same year; was married in 1866, to 
Mary J. Stedman, who was born in 
Canada, in 1849 ; have two children — 
Fred C, born Oct. 10, 1867, and Edwin 
R., born Sept. 15, 1872; has been Sec- 
retary of the School Board twelve years 
and Justice of the Peace five years ; 
Mrs. W. is a member of the M. E. 
Church. 

Wisegarver Geo. W. laborer ; Colesburg. 

Wood John C. farmer; Sec. 30; P. 0. 
Colesburg. 



MILO TOWNSHIP. 



ALBROOK FRANK, farmer, Sec. 22 ; 
P. 0. Manchester. 
AKERS J. M. Farmer, Sec. 35 ; P. 
0. 31anchester ; born in Jessamine Co., 
Ky., April 25, 1821 ; moved with his 
parents to Putnam County, Ind., about 
1827. He married Miss M. F. Wright, 
November 2, 1843; she was born in 
Lincoln County, Ky., October 4, 
1828 ; came to county in 1857 ; have 
four children living — Surelda J., born 
July 19, 1 844, and married in December, 
1869, to Mr. G. W. Clapp of Nebraska ; 
John W.. born Jan. 30, 1846, and died 
in Andersonville Prison April 24, 1865 ; 
Ella, born April 19, 1855, and married 
Mr. L. W. Bloodgood May 6, 1877; 
Asbury F., aged 18, and Elmer N., aged 
15. Owns 40 acres of land valued at 
$-5 per acre. Is a Republican, and 
himself and wife members of M. E. 
Church. 

Andrews R. P. mech., Sec. 25 ; P.O. Delhi. 

ANNIS GEORGE W. Butter 

Maker, Sec. 3 ; P. 0. Manchester ; was 
born in Erie Co., N. Y., July 22, 1839; 
came to this county in 1853. He mar- 
ried Miss Kate Dixon Oct. 14, 1866 ; 
she was born in Rock Island Co., 111., 



Dec. 21,1843; they have one child, 
Myron, born March 24, 1868. Is a 
Republican and Second Adventist. Mr. 
A. enlisted Sept. 5, 1861, in Co. F, 12th 
I. V. I. ; participated in the battles of 
Fort Donelson, Jackson, Siege of Vicks- 
burg, Nashville, Blakely and Spanish 
Fort ; and was honorably discharged in 
1866. 
Austin Frank, laborer; P. 0. Delhi. 

BAILEY CYRUS, farmer, Sec. 28 
P. 0. Manchester. 

Bailey C. J. stock farmer ; Bailey's Ford 
P. 0. Manchester. 

BANT A JACOB, Farmer ; Sec. 15 
P. 0. Manchester ; born in New York 
State 1830 ; moved to Pennsylvania in 
1840, and to this county in 1866 ; mar- 
ried Miss Asenath Altemburg in 1852 ; 
has three children Uving and two de- 
ceased — Matthew, born Dec. 18, 1853 ; 
Anna M., born Aug. 30, 1856, died 
Nov. 26, 1870; Mary, born Dec. 3, 
1858; Abram, born May 17, 1863, 
died November 10, 1877; Fanny 
Viola and Frances V., born Oct. 
27, 1866; Frances V. died Sept. 9, 
1877. Mrs. B. was born in Chautauqua 
Co.. N. Y.. Oct. 13, 1832. 



616 



DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY: 



Banta Matthew, farmer; Sec. 15; P. 0. 
Manchester. 

Barker, Chas. renter ; S. 3-4 ; P. 0. Delhi. 

Barker Jordan, laborer ; P. O. Delhi. 

Belcher John. far. ; Sec. 32 ; P. 0. Man- 
chester. 

BELDINGDANFOKDK. Far; 
Sec. 33 ; P. 0. Manchester ; owns 80 
acres of land, valued at §25 per acre ; 
born in St. Lawrence Co., N. Y., Aug. 

24, 1840 ; came to Clayton Co., Iowa, 
in 1855; and to this county in 1865; 
married Miss Rebecca A. Joslin Dec. 

25, 1807; she was born in Crawford 
Co., Penn., June 0, 1842 ; has one son, 
born Dec. 1, 1870; enlisted in Aug., 
1801, in 2d Iowa Cav. ; spent most of 
his time on detached duty in hospital 
service ; was honorably discharged Oct., 
1804; is a Republican and Protestant. 

BEL.KNAP C^EO.W. Farmer; Sec. 
31 ; P. 0. Manchester; owns 240 acres 
of land, valued at S5,000 ; born in Edg- 
wood, Delaware County, Iowa, August 
18, 1855; married Miss Mary Worley, 
July 18, 1874; she was born in Union 
Tp., this county, June 1, 1852; they 
have two children — Joseph C, born 
March 18, 1876, and Theo. T., May 6, 
1877. 

BLOODGOOD, LEWIS C. 

Farmer and Blacksmith ; See. 22 ; P. 0. 
Manchester ; born in Schoharie Co., N. 
Y., Oct. 11, 1823; moved with his 
mother — his father dying three months 
before he was born — to Bradford Co., Pa., 
when he was seven years of age ; married 
Mi«s EHza Neal, Dec. 24,^1847; she 
was the daughter of Harvey Neal, who 
was killed by the accidental discharge of 
a gun while blowing in the muzzle to see 
if it was clear ; moved to Walworth Co. , 
Wis., in 1855, and from there to his 
present residence in 1801 ; htis seven 
children living — Susan A., Lavina M., 
Mary, Leonard, Jennie B.,Loren K. and 
Nettie M., and three deceased — Frances 
E., Edith H. and Minnie A. ; his pres- 
ent wife was born in Hendricks Co., 
Ind., Nov. 9, 1836 ; her maiden name 
was Annie J. Stanley ; she was married 
to J. W. Wright, Jan. 13, 1856, and 
had by that marriage four children, two 
are living — Wilbur W. and John W. ; 
the two deceased were named Ashbury 
A. and Frank W. ; Mr. Wright was in 



the Recorder's office of this county five 
years; was First Lieut, in the army, and 
died at Memphis of inflammation ; Mrs. 
Wright married Mr. Bloodgood, Nov. 3, 
1867. 

Bottsford W. W. farmer ; Sec. 31 ; P. 0. 
Manchester. 

Boylard Thos. farmer; Sec. 19; P. 0. 
Manchester. 

Boyland W. M. farmer; Sec. 19 ; P. 0. 
Manchester. 

BOX W. L. Farmer; Sec. 22; P. 0. 
Manchester ; owns 220 acres of land, 
valued at $5,100 ; born in Ohio, April 
15, 1845; came to DuPage Co., Illinois, 
with parents when about a year old, and 
moved to this county in 1853 ; married 
Miss Lottie Langworthy, July 9, 1871 ; 
she was born in Geauga Co., Ohio, Nov. 
25, 1847 ; has three children — Lewis, 
born August 5, 1872; David, July 19, 
1874; Emery, Dec. 3, 1875; is a Re- 
publican. 

Brownell John, farmer ; Sec. 15J; P. O. 
Manchester. 

Brownell Jos. farmer; Sec. 15; P. 0. 
3Iancbester. 

BUCK A. D. Farmer, Sec. 27; P. 
0. Delhi ; owns 80 acres of land, 
valued at $25 per acre; born in Adding- 
ton Co., Canada, March 27, 1839; 
moved to Monroe Co., N. Y., March, 
1865, and to this county in 1866 ; mar- 
ried Miss Elmira Crosier, Feb. 12, 
1870 ; she was born Oct. 5, 1852 ; has 
three children — Martin H., born Dec. 
23, 1870; Edgerton M., born Feb. 28, 
1873; Fred E., born Nov. 23, 1876; 
is a Republican and Protestant. 

CASEY PETER, laborer; P.O. Man- 
che.-iter. 

Cavanagh James, P. 0. Manchester. 

Cavaiiagh, Pat. farmer, resides with father, 

Coffin Jerome, farmer, Sec. 14 ; P. 0. 
Manchester. 

Cook Reuben, far., Sec. 27 ; P. 0. Delhi. 

Cooley B. R. farmer, Sec. 8 ; P. 0. Man- 
chester. 

Cooley Henry, farmer ; Sec. 8. ; P. 0. 
IMsjTiofiPstcr 

COOI^EY ITHAMAR, Farmer; 
Sec. 5 ; P. 0. Manchester ; boru in Lis- 
bon, Gratlon Co., N. H., Aug. 28, 
1817 ; married Miss Sallie W. Snow, 
Jan. 15, 1839. She was born Nov. 6, 
1820; has nine children living — Aman- 









PKINTON 



MILO TOWNSHIP. 



619 



da J., born Sept. 9, 1840; Mariette, 
Aug. 1, 1841 ; Peede, died September 
26, 1860; John A., May 20, 1844; 
Emma A., Dec. 24, 1846; Ella, Oct. 
30, 1848 (died June 14, 1889); Ben- 
jamin K., Feb. 6, 1850 ; Henry A., 
March. 2, 1853; Francenia, Doc. 11, 
1854 ; Josephine, Oct. 13, 1857, and 
Abbie A., Dec. 16, 1862 owns 90 
acres of land, valued at $50 per acre; 
is in politics a Republican ; in religion. 
Advent Christian. 
€OXNER DAVID, Farmer ; Sec. 
13; P. O. Delhi; owns 80 acres of 
land, valuf d at $25 per acre. Born in 
Union Co., Pa., July 19, 1812. Mar- 
ried Miss Julia L. Davis Oct. 9, 1834. 
She was born July 17, 1816; they 
moved to this county in 1846 ; have 
six children living, and two deceased — 
Sarah F., born Feb. 17, 1836; Kachel 
E., Jan. 20, 1839 ; Anne E., June 18, 
1841, died March 24, 1873; James N., 
born March 2, 1844; Helen L., Nov. 

16, 1846 ; Julia J., Aug. 2, 1851 ; Ro- 
setta A., Oct. 3, 1855, and Mary E., 
Jan. 3, 1859 ; died Sept. 5, 1863. 

Conner Jas. farmer ; P. 0. Delhi. 

Conner Thos., farmer; Sec. 30; P. 0. 
Manches'er 

Church M. F., flu-mer. S. 36; P. 0. 
Hazel Green. 
I CL.ARK JOHX, Farmer; S. 13; 
P. 0. Delhi ; owns 220 acres of land. 
Born in Virginia in Octuber, 1813. 
Came to Galena lead mines in 1834, 
and to this county in 1839. There 
were but five families in what is now 
Delaware Co. at that time, and he was 
the fourth settler in what is now Milo 
Tp. Married Miss Olive Rexford Nov. 

17, 1841. She was born in New York 
State Sept. 25, 1824; has five children 
living and two deceased — Andrew, aged 
36 ; Cornelia, 34 ; Jasper, 30 ; George 
L., 26, and Lucy V., 15. Sarah E. 
died in 1864, aged 14, and Perry F. the 
same year, aged 4. 

Cleveland J. J ., far. S. 8 ; P. 0. Manchester. 
Crooker B. P., far., S. 5; P. 0. Manchester. 
Crooker J. H.. fer., S. 5 ; P. 0. Manchester. 
Crosier Cassius, lar., S. 36 ; P. O. Delhi. 
Crosier Frank, farmer ; S. 36 ; P.O.Delhi. 
Crosier H., fiirmer ; S. 26; P. O. Delhi. 
CROSIER WM. Farmer; S. 36; 
P. 0. Delhi ; born in Cuyahoga Co., 0., 



July 4, 1820. Moved to Ogle Co., Ill, 
in 1839, and came to this county in 
1846, where he has since resided. .Mar- 
ried Miss .Mary Hoke Feb. 16, 1845. 
She was born in Berkeley Co., Va., 
March 28, 1829 ; have seven children — 
Cassius M., aged 32, who enlisted Jan- 
uary, 1864, in'Co. K, 21st I. V. I., and 
remained till the close of the war. He 
was present at the capture of Mobile. 
Children are — Ellen A., aged 29- 
Frank, aged 27 ; Theron T., aged 25 ; 
Willie A., aged 23 ; Lewis H., aged 20, 
and Charles E., aged 15. Mr. Crosier 
is a Republican and a member of the 
Free Will Baptist Church. 

Crosier Willis, P. O. Delhi. 

Cunningham Geo. P. farmer. Sec. 7 ; P. 
0. Manchester. 

DAKER JAMES, farmer, Sec. 28; 
P. 0. Manchester, 
Davis C. W. lab.; Sec. 14; P. 0. Delhi. 
DAVIS I>. M. Farmer; Sec. 12 ; P. 
0. Dellii; owns 195 acres of land, 
valued at $30 per acre ; born in Catta- 
raugus Co., N. y., Feb. 8, 1839; came 
to La Porte Co., Ind., in 1845, and to 
this Co. in 1855; married Miss Julia 
A. Petlon, Oct. 7. 1859, she was born 
in Monroe Co., N. Y., July 3, 1840; 
has four children — Wm. J., born May 
9, 1861; Lowell H., Dec. 2, 1862; 
Chas. F., Aus. 23, 1864; and Anna 
R., Aug. 9, 1876. 

Denison C. W. laborer. Sec. 3; P. O. 
Manchester. 

Dickinson, D. A. farmer. Sec. 16; P. 0. 
Manche.>5ter. 

DUFFEY H. P. Farmer, Sec. 8; 
P. 0. Manchester; owns 339 acres of 
land, valued at $35 per acre; born in 
Cleveland, Ohio, Feb. 22, 1829 ; came 
to Winneba;ro Co., 111., in 1849, and to 
this county in 1854; married Miss 
. Mary A. Proctor, Sept., 1848; she was 
born in England, May 3, 1825; has 
three children — Cora J., born June 14, 
1862; Alva L., Aug. 14, 1867; and 
Ray J., April 27, 1871; is in politics a 
Republican. 

Dunham H. A. fiir., S. 24 ; P. 0. Delhi. 

Duttoii Chas. farmer; P. 3Iarichester. 

DUNTONC. P. Farmer; Sec. 15; 
P. O. Manchester ; born in St. 
Lawrence Co., N. Y., November 5, 
1842; moved to Dubuque, Iowa, in 

4 



620 



DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY: 



1854 and to this county in 1858; en- 
listed in Co. " K," 21st I. V. I., Aug. 
15, 1862 ; participated in the battles of 
Hartsville, Port Gibson, Champion Hill, 
Black River Bridge, Vicksburg and the 
capture of Mobile ; was honorably dis- 
charged July 15, 1865. He married 
Mrs. Annie J. Stowe, May 7, 1876 ; has 
one child, Allie P., born Feb. 22, 1877. 
Mrs. D. was born in Ontario Co., N. 
Y., Nov. 12, 1843; married H. 0. 
Stowe in 1861 who died April 26. 187H ; 
has by this marriage two children — 
Liilie May, born May 10, 1863, and 
Orr Edward, born July 1, 1869. 
Dutton Geo. H. Farmer ; Sec. 35 ; P. 0. 
Manchester. 

ELDER THOS. Farmer, Sec. 2 ; P. 
0. Manchester. 

Eldridge Midian, farmer ; Sec. 4 ; P. 0. 
Manchester. 

EMRICH JOHN, far. S. 13; P.O. 
Delhi ; owns 8U acres of land ; born in 
Germany, Dec. 11, 1809 ; came to New 
York State in 1847 and to this county 
in 1855; married Miss Mary Freyer 
in 18.H6 ; has two children, Elizabeth, 
born April 4, 1836, and Catherine, born 
Nov. 25, 1843. Elizabeth married 
John Hartman, Nov. 24, 1855, who 
enlisted in the 4th Iowa Cavalry and 
died June 25, 1864, of wounds received 
in battle. She has four children — Carrie, 
born Oct. 19, 1856; John, born May 
4, 1858 ; Clara, born Dec. 4, I860, and 
George, born June 16, 1863. 

Eshelman Samuel, farmer ; Sec. 27 ; P. 
0. Manchester. 

Esterbrook A. farmer, Sec. 5 ; P. 0. 
Manchester. 

Ir^IERSTINE M. J. farmer. Sec. 22 ; 
' P. 0. Manchester. 
French J. N. farmer. Sec. 5 ; P. 0. Man- 
chester. 
Friend E. C farmer, Sec. 35 ; P. 0. Man- 
chester. 

GREEN JAMES, farmer. Sec. 9; 
P. 0. Manchester. 
Gibson James, farmer, Sec. 30 ; P. 0. 

Manchester. 
Gibson William, farmer. Sec. 30 ; P. 0. 

Manchester 
HAMBI.IN EDWIN M. Farmer; 
Sec. 23; P. O. Maiichesier ; owns 147 
acres of land, valued at $25 per acre ; 
born in Manjuette Co., Wiscon.Mn. Oct. 



6, 1850 ; came to this county with 
parents in 1851 ; married Mii^s Sadie M. 
Brownell, Dec. 14, 1873. She was born 
in this county Aug. 1 , 1 856 ; he is a 
Republican and Protestant. 

HAMBLIN GEO. R. Farmer; Sec. 
26. 

HAMBEIN MARK, Farmer; 
Sec. 32 ; P. 0. Manchester; owns 173 
acres of land, valued at $25 per acre. 
Born in Franklin County, Ohio, Feb- 
ruary 24, 1825 ; married Miss Tem- 
perance Densmore August 5, 1849. 
She was born in New York, Decem- 
ber II, 1831 ; came to Marquette Co., 
Wis., March 1850, and to this county in 
April, 1851 ; has five children living, 
and three deceased — Edward M., born 
Oct. 16, 1850 ; John T.,born March 1, 
1850, died Sept. 5, 1869; Frank W., 
born May 4, 1854, died March 4, 
1864 ; Emma E., born June 28, 1857, 
died Nov. 5, 1864 ; Chas. G., born 
Jan. 16, 1860 ; Solon R., bi.rn July 
25,1862; Elvira C, born March 4, 
1865; Annie B., born March 20, 1870. 
During the first sixteen years of his 
residence in this county, he worked at 
the mason trade, and he, with his part- 
ner, were the only mas( ns in Delhi Tp. 
for a number of years. He is one of 
the early settlers of this vicinity, and 
has done much to promote the growth 
and development of this part of the 
county. 

Hamblin R. far., S. 33; P. 0. Manchester. 

Hayden Wm. painter. Sec. 12; P. 0. 
Delhi. 

HOG AX JAMES, Farmer, Sec. 20; 
P. O. Manchester; owns 160 acres, val- 
ued at S30 per a' re. Born in Ireland, 
in 1825, came to Chicago in 1847, to 
Dubuque Co., Iowa, in 1855, and to 
this county in 1859. Married Miss 
Ellen Henrick May 12, 1855; she was 
born in Dublin March 27, 1833. Have 
eight children— Catharine, born March 
31, 1857 ; William and John, May 29, 
1858; Francis, Jan. TO, 1860; An- 
drew, Jan 17, 1862 ; Mary A., Feb. 
11, 1865 ; Elizabeth, March 13, 1872 ; 
and Ellen, March 20, 1875. 

Huey Dnn'l, far., S. 32; P. O. Manchester. 

HLEY EMMETT, Farmer, Sec. 32 ; 
P. O. Manchtsttr. B* rn in Schuyler 
Co., N. Y., May 10, 1848, moved to 



MILO TOWNSHIP. 



621 



Lycoming Co., Pa., in 1866, where he 
was engaged in the lumber business for 
five years ; cam^ to this county in 1871, 
where he has since resided ; owns, with 
his brother, 1 60 acres of land, valued 
at $25 per acre ; in politics, a Demo- 
crat. 
Hugsins Jesse, far., S. 23 ; P. 0. Delhi. 
HUTCHINSOX CRAWFORD, 
Broker, Sec. 17 ; office in the town of 
Manchester, with A. S. Blair, attorney 
at law ; P. 0. Manchester. Born in 
Sunderland, England, Jan. 2, 1848, and 
came to this county in 186-t. 
"TAKELIN PETER, laborer, renter; 
fj Sec. 2 ; P. 0. Manchester. 
Jones W. H. farmer, Sec. 20; P. 0. Man- 
chester. 

K ASTER WM. farmer. Sec. 11 ; P. 
0. Manchester. 
Raster Hiram, far. S. 2; P. 0. Manchester. 
KENXEY C. W. Farmer, S. 5 ; P. 0. 
Manchester; born in Windham Co., Vt., 
Feb. 26, 1811; moved with his parents to 
Canada East, in 1821, to Bangor, Me., 
in 1833 and to this Co. in 1865 ; owns, 
with son, 90 acres of land, valued at 
$25 per acre ; married Miss Sarah 
Boodry, March 4, 1837, who died April 
29, 1869 ; has six children — Tryphena, 
born Oct. 11, 1838; Luke A., born 
April 30, 1840 (he was killed in a 
skirmish at Deep Bottom, in the Spring 
of 1865); J. B.,born June 28, 1842; 
Willard, born Dec. 22, 1844; Almu3, 
born Dec. 4, 1847 ; Lucy E., born June 
16, 1850, and Luther T., Nov. 7, 1855. 
Kenney J. B. farmer. Sec. 8 ; P. 0. Man- 
chester. 
King J. F. farmer. Sec. 21 ; P. 0. Man- 
chester. 
King N. C. farmer. Sec. 21 ; P. 0. Man- 
chester. 
Koehler Jacob, farmer. Sec. 8 ; P. 

Manchester. 
Koehler M. far., S. 18 ; P.O. Manchester. 

LILLIBRIDGE JOHN, farmer. Sec. j 
11 ; P. 0. Manchester. I 

liAXNIXG MARTIX, Farmer, 
Sec. 2; P. 0. Manchester; owns 60 \ 
acres of land; born in Schenectady Co., j 
N. Y., Sept. 18, 1806; came to this ; 
county in Oct., 1852; married Mrs. , 
Nancy Grommon, who died Feb. 23, i 
1875; has six children — Sarah J., born j 
July 12, 1840; Ransom, April 15, I 



1842; Nathan, May 20, 1844; Harriet, 
March 25, 1846; Eliza M., June 26, 
1848; and Laura A., Feb. 14, 1850; 
Eliza M. married Thos. Elder, May 16, 
1872 ; they have two children — Lyle, 
born Nov. 14, 1874. and Ciark, Aug. 
30, 1877. 
Lillibridge Leverett, farmer, Sec. 11 ; P. 

0. Manchester. 
Logan G. T. laborer; P. 0. Manchester. 
liOGAX WM. H. Farmer, Sec. 9 ; 
P. 0. Manchester; owns 178 acres, 
valued at $25 per acre ; born in Ben- 
nington Co., Vt., Sept. 24, 1842 ; en- 
listed in Co. C, 14th V. V. I., Aug. 28, 
1862, for nine months, and at the 
expiration of that time, re-enlisted in 
Co. E, 5th V. V. I. ; participated in the 
battles of Gettysburg, Petersburg; 
Cedar Creek, Fisher's Hill, Fredericks- 
burg, Winchester, and many other 
engagements of less note; was in the 
Second Division, Sixth Army Corps, that 
led the charge on the enemy's works at 
capture of Petersburg and surrender of 
Gen. Lee ; was honorably discharged at 
Brattleboro, Vt., June 1 9, 1865 ; married 
Miss Adella Douglas, Dec. 26, 1867; has 
five children — Jessie, born Jan. 7, 
1869; Freddie, July 31, 1870; Alice, 
May 16, 1872; Minnie, Oct. 29, 1874; 
and Harry, April 21, 1876; Mrs. Logan 
was born in Oswego Co., N. Y., Dec. 2, 
1848. 
Lont C. B. far. ; Sec. 12 ; P. 0. Delaware. 

McCLAREN PETER, far. ; Sec. 28; 
P. O. Manchester. 

McElmeel John, farmer ; Sec. 28 ; P. 0. 
Manchester. 

McFerrin Andrew, farmer ; Sec. 31 ; P. 0. 
Manchester. 

McKay Amos, far. ; Sec. 22 ; P. 0. Man- 
chester. 

Manderville, John, retired ; Sec. 36 ; P. 0. 
Delhi. 

Maxwell John, farmer; Sec. 2; P. 0. Man- 
chester. 

Maxwell Rich'd, renter; P. 0. Manchester. 

Miller David G. farmer ; Sec. 29 ; P. 0. 
Manchester. 

Miller Jacob K. farmer ; Sec. 29 ; P. 0. 
Manchester. 

Miller John K. farmer; Sec. 15; P. 
Manchester, 

Morey Uriah, far. ; Sec. 33 ; P. 0. Man- 
chester. 



622 



DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY 



Morgan E. J. far.; S. 35 ; P.O. Manchester. 

Morgan Evan. far. ; Sec. 36 ; P. 0. Man- 
chester. 

Morgan Samuel, farmer; Sec. 35; P. 0. 
Manchester. 

Morgan Wm.far., S. 35 ; P. 0. Manchester. 

Muckler L. F. far., S. 34 ; P. 0. Manches- 
ter. 

Muzzy J. far.,S. 30; P. 0. Manchester. 

Myers M. for., S. 17 ; P. 0. Manchester. 

NASH G. K. farmer, Sec. 1 ; P. 0. j 
Manchester. 
!IJAPIER JOHN, Farmer, Sec. 36 ; 
P. 0. Delhi ; born in London, Eng. 
June 17, 1836; came to America in 
1847 ; followed the occupation of a sai- 
lor about nineteen years ; enlisted in 
the navy under Admiral Dupont, Sept. 
12, 1861 ; participated in a large num- 
ber of engagements and was honorably 
discharged iu New York City, Sept. 12, 
1862 ; married Mrs. Hannah Frank 
March 2, 1864, and came to this county 
in Nov. of the same year ; he has !Sjur 
children — John W., born April 22 ; 
1866; Esther M., April 3, 1868; Ida 
J., Nov. 12,1871; George E., March 
29, 1876; Mrs. N. was formerly mar- 
ried to David Frank, a native of Edin- 
burgh, in July, 1854 ; he died in 1863; 
she had by that marriage two children 
— David A., born June 18, 1855, died 
Dec. 15, 1860, and Ellen E., born May 
17, 1858. 
Noble Ed. lab. ; P. O. Manchester. 

PETTLON WILLIAM, far.; Sec. 
24 ; P. 0. Delhi. 

PETTIiON JACOB, Farmer ; Sec. 
24; P. 0. Delhi; born iu Germany, 
Sept. 24, 1813 ; came to N. Y, in 1840, 
and married Miss Catharine Mier Oct. 20, 
of the same year ; she was born in Ger- 
many, March 31, 1821 ; they have ten 
children living — Julia, born July 3, 
1842; Charles, Jan. 2, 1846; Jacob 
and William, Jan. 5, 1849; Sophia A., 
July 5, 1853 ; Caroline E., Jan. 20, 
1855 ; Mary A., Jan 19, 1858 ; Fred. 
A., Aug. 11, 1859; Rosy, May 26, 
1862; Ida, April 13,1865; became to 
to this county in 1854 ; owns 115 acres 
of land. 

Peters Harry, farmer; Sec. 24; P. 0. 
Manchester. 

PIERCE JAMES, Farmer; Sec. 
26; P. 0. Manchester; owns 60 acres 



of land valued at $20 per acre ; born 
in Chautauqua Co., N. Y., Feb. 26, 
1845, and came to this county in 1858 ; 
married Miss Lucy F. Smith, Feb. 26, 
1865. She was born Jan. 20, 1844 ; 
has had one child, now deceased, born 
Feb. 27, 1874, died Nov. 20, 1874. Mr. 
P. is a RepubUcan. 
Porter, Henry G. farmer ; Sec. 34 ; P. 0. 
Manchester. 

ROLAND F. E. laborer; Sec. 18; 
P. 0. Manchester. 
REYNOLDS MARY A. MRS. 
Sec. 21 ; P. O. Manchester ; born in 
Clarion Co., Penn., April, 1835 ; moved 
to Ogle Co., 111., with her parents in 
1840 ; married J. P. Newell, Dec. 25, 
1855, and moved to this county in the 
Spring of the following year; had by 
this marriage three children — Robert 
A., born Sept. 25, 1856 ; Alice A., 
born Jan. 1, 1859, and Elmer E., born 
March 19, 1861; married C. G. Rey- 
nolds, May 3, 1868 ; has one child by 
this marriage, Charles, J. E., born Feb. 
15, 1872; owns 177> acres of land 
valued at $25 per acre. 
Roland Harvey, farmer ; Sec. 18; P. 0. 

Manchester. 
ROIiAND SARAH, MRS. S. 9 ; 

P. 0. Manchester ; born in England, 
Aug. 22, 1828. Came to Philadelphia 
when 18 years of age, and to this county 
in 1855. Married William Green. He 
was killed, Sept. 4, 1856, by the caving 
in of a well which he was digging. 
Has by that marria::e two children — 
James and Martha. Married Ira Ro- 
land May 1, 1857, who died Feb. 1, 
1875. Has by this marriage five chil- 
dren — Charles, born March 7, 1858 ; 
Ann M., Sept. 27, 1860 ; Henry, June 
11, 1864 ; Gibson, July 20, 1^ 67 ; and 
Lewis, Aug. 1, 1871. Owns 217 acres 
of land, valued at $25 per acre. 
QAUNDERS Isaac, laborer; S. 23. 

SCHELLING J. LT. Farmer; 
S. 6 ; P. 0. Manchester ; born in Ct. 
Zurich, Switzerland, in 1823. Came 
to this country in 1854, and to Man- 
chester, Delaware Co., in 1858, where 
he kept fur six years the Dubuque & 
S. C. R. R. Eating Eouse. Commenced 
i farming and grape growing in 1866 on 
a farm of 125 acres, situated one mile 



MILO TOWNSHIP. 



623 



south of Manchester. In 1875, he 
commenced breeding and rearinc; thor- 
oughbred short-horn cattle, and owns 
to-day as fine a herd of animals as can 
be found in the State. Is, in politics, 
a Republican ; voted for Abraham Lin- 
coln twice ; also for U. S. Grant, but, 
owing to dissatisfaction and misrepre- 
sentation during the last presidential 
campaign, he took no part whatever in 
it, not even voting. 

Seaton G., lab.; S. 22 ; P. O. Manchester. 

Seaton H., lab.; S. 22; P. 0. Manchester. 

SKINNER ELON J. City Auc- 
tioneer; P. O. Manchester; born in Essex 
Co., N. Y., March 27, 1837 ; emigTated 
to Middlebury, Elkhart Co., Ind." with 
parents, in 1841 ; on Oct. 15, 1851, came 
to this county, settling with parents 
in Delaware Tp., near Manchester; en- 
listed in the 1st Iowa C, June 6, 1861, 
and honorably discharged on July 15, 
1862, on account of being disabled while 
acting as courier for Gen. Pope ; married 
Amanda J. Murphy, who was born in San- 
gamon Co., 111., on Mayl, 1844; she had 
the following children by first marrage 
— Lula A. Murphy, born in Clayton 
Co., Iowa, Jan. 18"; 1867; Frank M., 
born in Hamilton Co., Iowa, Jan. 6, 
1869 ; Milo T. Skinner, Jan. 31, 1873 ; 
Dell J., June 22, 1876 ; Eva May, Oct. 
15, 1877 ; the last three are children by 
last marriage, and all born in tliis county. 

SMITH JOHN N. Farmer, Sec. 16; 
P. 0. Mancliester ; owns 40 acres of 
land, valued at ^25 per acre ; born in 
Bremen, Germany, March 6, 1818; 
came to New Orleans in 1847 ; married 
Miss Mary Tmmpler, June 6, 1 848 ; 
she was born in Prussia, May I 9, 1824 ; 
the to this county in 1869 ; have 

thi-ee children — Lena L., born April 28, 
1549; Emily, Feb. 12, 1852; Richard 
W., April 22, 1854, and one deceased — 
Herman, born April 11. 1861, died Oct. 
11, 1861. 

Smith Richard, farmer; Sec. 16; P. 0. 
Manchester. 

STANBERRY MARY, MRS. 

Sec. 25 ; P. 0. Delhi. Born in Alle- 
gany Co., N Y.. April 14, 18.^6, owns 
40 acres of land, valued at $25 per 
acre. Married Wm. Stanberry, at Hart- 
wick, Nov. 14, 1858; he was born in 
Ohio, Sept. 22, 1837, and enlisted Oct., 



1861, in Co. B, 15th I. V. L, partici- 
pated in the battle of Pittsburg Land- 
ing, and died at Corinth, July 5, 1862. 
Has two sons — William T., born March 
1, 1860, and Elmer K., born Jan. 2. 
1862. 

Starkey Hamilton, renter; Sec. 15 ; P. 0. 
Manchester. 

Starkey Joshua, far.; S. 26 ; P. 0. Man- 
chester. 

Starkey Richard, far.; S. 26 ; P. 0. Man- 
CD tstcr 

Stowe P. L. farmer; S. 15 ; P. 0. Man- 
chester. 

Sutton John, farmer ; P. 0. Manchester. 

TANQITARY A. F. former. Sec. 35; 
P. 0. Manchester. 

TIERNEY CATHARINE 
MRS. Sec. 7; P. 0. Manchester. 
Owns 160 acres of land, valued at $25 
per acre. Born in Pa., in 1830. Mar- 
ried John Tierney in Jan., 1851 ; he 
was born in Ireland, in 1823, and came 
to New York State about 1839. They 
moved to this county in 1857; have 
six children — Joanna M., born Nov. 5, 
1852 ; Thomas E., April 2, 1854 ; Mar- 
garet, Jan. 9, 1856; John, June 2, 
1859; Francis G.; April 9, 1861 ; and 
Wm. L., Feb. 9, 1863. Mr. T. was 
one of the early settlers of Manchester, 
and did much to aid in the growth and 
development of that city ; was engaged 
in the mercantile business, and died 
April 14, 1864, beloved and respected 
by all who knew him. 

TAYI.OR ORMAN E. Farmer, 
Sec. 32 ; P. 0. Golden Prairie ; was 
born in Windsor Co., Vt., Jan. 14, 1836; ' 
came to Hopkinton at the opening of 
Bowen Collegiate Institute, 1859, where 
he was Professor of Mathematics and 
Teacher of Vocal Music four years. 
Was married to Miss Martha P. Brown 
April 15, 1863 ; during the ensuing 
season began the first improvements on 
his farm. In the Fall of 1864, was' 
elected County Recorder ; returned to 
his farm in 1868, where he has since 
remained. Five years previous to his 
coming to this county, there was a large 
amount of Government land here, 
and when he began living on his farm, 
the prairie whs mostly unimproved. He 
was first Postmaster at Golden Prairie, 
and has taken an important part in many 



624 



DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY: 



public enterprises. He and his brother 
built the first cheese factory in the 
western halt' of the county. His wife 
was born in Kane Co., 111., Jan. 8, 1841. 
They have three children — Martha 
Bertha, Mary Ethel and Orman Ernest. 

TODD JAMES T. Farmer, Sec. 
18 ; P. 0. Manchester ; owns 320 acres 
of land, valued at $25 per acre ; was 
born in Rockingham Co., N. H., Jan. 
1822 ; moved to Winnebago County, 
111. Married Miss Caroline Proctor 
Feb. 7, 1855, and moved to this county 
immediately after their marriage, where 
they have since resided. Mrs. T. was 
born in Cuyahoga Co., Ohio, July 17, 
1834. 

Trumbull Chas. laborer, Sec. 15 ; P. 0. 
Manchester. 

Trumbull D. farmer and M. D. ; Sec. 15 ; 
P. 0. Manchester. 

Tunis Frank, laborer ; P. 0. Manchester. 

TURNER SAIiElI, Farmer; Sec. 
17 ; P. 0. Manchester ; born in Che- 
shire Co., N. H., Nov. 16, 1834 ; came to 
Lee Co., 111., in 1857, and to this 
county in 1860 ; enlisted in 6th Iowa 
Cavalry Sept. 10, 1864; was honorably 
discharged Oct, 20, 1865. Married 
Miss Julia Raymond, Aug. 16, 1856 ; 
she was born Aug. 27, 1836 ; has eight 
children — Annie, Minnie, Charles, Grso., 
Ellen, Cora, Lewis and Lucy. 

UTL.EY C.L.. Farmer ; Sec. 25 ; P. 
0. Manchester; born in Erie Co., 
Ohio, March 1 1 , 1 84 1 ; came to this county 
in 1861 ; enlisted Aug. 11, 1862, in 
Company F, 27th I. V. I. ; participated 
in the battles of Fort Derusha, Pleasant 
Hill, Nashville, Parker's Cross Roads, 
Tallahatchie, Old Oaks, Little Rock, 
Blakely and Spanish Fort ; in all these 
battles was but once slightly wounded ; 
married Miss Margaret Scott, Nov. 12, 
1866. She was born Dec. 6, 1850. 
Has three children — Minnie, born Dec. 
1, 1867; Mina, born March 6, 1873, 
and Cora, born Aug. 7, 1875. 

VAN FLEET H. J. laborer ; Sec. 31 ; 
P. 0. Grolden Prairie. 
Van Fleet J. S. laborer; Sec. 31 ; P. 0. 
Grolden Prairie. 

WARD M. R. far. ; Sec. 32 ; P. 0. 
Manchester. 
WARD HARRY G. Farmer ; Sec. 
32 ; P. 0. Manchester ; born in Fulton 



Co., N. Y., Jan. 23, 1856; came to 
this county Jan. 23, 1871. where he has 
resided. 

WHE ATL.EY WM. Farmer ; Sec. 
16 ; P. 0. Manchester ; born in England 
Aug. 12, 1834; came to Illinois in 
1854; enlisted Aug., 1861. in Co. B, 
33d 111. Inf ; was honorably discharged 
at Springfield, III., in Oct., 1864; mar- 
ried Miss Jane HoUis Nov. 18, 1866 ; 
they have one daughter, Melinda E., 
born Sept. 12, 1868. Mr. W. came to 
this county in 1875. 

Wilson Alex., Sec. 27 ; P. 0. Manchester. 

WILSOBf E. €. Farmer; Sec. 22 ; P. 
0. Manchester ; born in England Sept. 
13, 1841 ; moved to Iowa Co., Wis., in 
1848, and to Mower Co., Minn., in 
1857, and to this county in 1861 ; en- 
listed in the 6th Iowa Cav. in 1862, and 
participated in the battles of Whitestone 
Hill, Fair Oak Mountain, and many other 
desperate encounters ; was honorably 
discharged in Nov., 1865 ; married Miss 
Tirzeh M. Seaton April 6, 1867; has 
two children — Frank, aged 9, and Ber- 
tie, aged 6. 

Wilson John A. renter. Sec. 27 ; P. 0. 
Manchester. 

WII.SOX THOS. T. Farmer, Sec. 
31; P. O. Manchester; born in En- 
gland, March 17, 1839; came to Chi- 
cago, 111., in 1848, and to this county in 
1854; enlisted Jan 6, 1861, in Co. H, 

« 16th I. V. I.; participated in the battles 
of Pittsburg Landing, Raymond, luka, 
Guntown, siege of Vicksburg, Corinth, 
Grand Gulf, Fort Gibson, Champion 
Hill, Black River Bridge, Chattanooga, 
Altoona Pass, Peach Tree Creek and 
Atlanta ; was honorably discharged, 
March 27, 1865, at Goldsboro, N. C; 
married Miss Bridget Haley, in July, 
1865 ; she was born in Thomsonville, 
Conn., Aug. 1850; they have four chil- 
dren. 

Wiser John, far., S. 19 ; P. 0. Manchester. 

WOOD JOHN, Farmer, Sec. 26; 
P. 0. Delhi; owns 130 acres of land, 
valued at $20 per acre; born in Ohio, 
June 10, 1840 ; moved to Illinois when 
about two years old ; came to this 
county in 1845 ; enlisted Aug., 1861, in 
2d Iowa Cavalry ; participated in over 
forty battles, and was but once wounded, 
in the hip, at the battle of Prairie Sta- 



ELK TOWNSHIP. 



625 



tion; was honorably discharged, Oct., 
1864; married Miss Almeda Hastings, 
Jan. 25, 18()G; she was born in Geauga 
Co., Ohio, Oct. 13, 1847; they have 
one daughter, born Jan. 25, 1870. 

WOODARD BE:^J. Farmer; Sec. 
36; P. 0. Delhi; born in Vt., Aug. 
17, 1822; came to Kankakee Co., 111., 
in 1838, and went to California, in 
1852, remaining there nine years, and 
returning, settled in Fillmore Co., Minn., 
and came from there to this Co. in April, 
1868 ; has 210 acres of land ; married 
Mrs. Harriet A. Reed, in Minn., March 
15, 1864; they have two children — 
Willard, aged twelve, and Ida C, aged 
seven ; Mrs. Woodard was born in St. 
Lawrence Co., N. Y.; her children, by 
her former marriage, are — Clara, aged 
eighteen, and Luke, aged sixteen. 

Wright Oliver, renter; P. 0. Manchester. 

YOUNG FRED, farmer; Sec. 20; 
P. 0. Manchester. 
YOUNG D. R. Farmer; Sec. 20; 
P. 0. Manchester; son of Daniel and 
Catharine Young ; owns 188 acres of 
land, valued at $50 per acre ; born in 
Washington Co., Md., Oct. 8, 1828; 
married Miss Ann M. Beck, Nov. 25, 
1855, by the Rev. John Zeibers, at 
Tiffin, Seneca Co., Ohio ; she was the 
daughter of Felix and Martha Beck, 
and was born in Franklin Co., Pa., Dec. 
31, 1833; they have three children 
living— Daniel T., born Nov. 24, 1857; 
Susie R., born April 15, 1860, and 
Catherine E., born Aug. 29, 1864; is a 
Republican and member of the United 



Brethren Church. Mr. Y. was one of 
the early settlers of this part of the Co.; 
came here with limited means, and now 
owns one of the finest farms in the Co.; 
he has recently made some valuable im- 
provements in the way of barn and out- 
buildings, the barn alone costing up- 
ward of $3,000, and is one of the finest 
in the Co. Felix Beck, Mrs. Young's 
grandfather, was born in Lancaster Co., 
Pa., Feb. 22, 1766 ; he married Maria 
Brenner, Nov. 20, 1785 ; she was born 
in Lancaster Co., Pa., March 12, 1770 ; 
he was Colonel in the war of 1812. 
Felix Beck, Jr., their son, Mrs. Young's 
father, was born in the above named 
place, Dec. 3, 1805, and married Martha 
Berkholder, ]\iarch 12, 1833; she was 
born in Franklin Co., Pa., April 30, 
1813; they were married by Rev. John 
Ruthruff. Mr. Young's great-grand- 
father, Geo. Young, was born July 28, 
1727, Md.; he married a Rebecca 
Snyder, Oct. 9, 1753; she was born 
Jan. 10, 1730, in Md.,and are descend- 
ants from Germany; Daniel Young, their 
son, was born in Frederick Co., Md., 
Feb. 18, 1755 ; was married to Marga- 
ret Shuck, March 16, 1785; she was 
born in Germany, Oct. 4, 1747; he was 
Captain in the war of 1777 ; their son, 
Daniel, Jr., the father of the subject of 
this sketch, was born in the same place, 
Sept. 12, 1788; he married Catherine 
Stech, Nov. 23, 1823; married by Rev. 
John RuthruflF; she was born in Lan- 
caster Co., Pa., Oct. 8, 1790. 
Young S. R. far.; S. 17 ; P. 0. Manchester. 



ELK TOWNSHIP. 



ALLEN JOS. farmer ; Sec. 2 ; P. 0. 
Greeley. 

Allenstien Chris, laborer ; S. 28 ; Greeley. 

ARBUCKLE JAMES M. Farm- 
er ; Sec. 27 ; P. O. Greeley ; born in 
Mercer Co., Pa., Sept. 6, 1832; mar- 
ried Martha Montgomery, Sept. 30, 1861; 
she was born in Mercer Co., Pa., April 
10, 1839 ; they came to this county in 
1866 ; owns 535 acres of land ; have 
eight children — Sarah E„ John W., 
Archie, Rachel, Mary E., Eliza A., 



Charles J. and Bell V. ; Mr. A. has 
been School Director four and Road 
Supervisor one year ; family attend the 
Christian Church ; Mrs. A. is a member 
of the same. 

ARMSTRONG THOMAS J. 

Farmer ; Sec. 30 ; P. 0. Greeley ; born in 
Butler Co., Ohio, Dec. 16, 1835 ; came 
to this county in 1852 ; owns 205 acres 
of land ; was married April 15, 1860, to 
Lucy M. Bellows ; she was born in Ohio ; 
have two children livins — Tommie B. 



626 



DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY: 



John H. ; lost three — EUza, Joy B. and 
Janie ; Mr. A. is a member of Tadmore 
Lodge, No. 2Z5, A., F. & A. M. ; Ira 
Bellows, Esq., fiither of Mrs. A., was 
one of the first settlers of this township ; 
now resides in Washington County, aged 
69 years. 
nP-^KER J. wagim maker; Greeley. 

Baldwin A. L. tinsmith; S. 9; P. 0. Greeley. 

Ballweber Martin, laborer ; Greeley. 

Baynes Christopher; fir; S. 1 6; P.O. Greeley. 

Barircr Elias. renter; S. 1 ;P.O. Colesburg. 

BARR HEXRY, Farmer; Sec. 7 ; 
P. O. Edgewood; born in Ireland, June 
27, 1817 ; came to Canada in 18-12, and 
to this county in 1867; owns 24U acres 
of land; was married in Canada in 1853, 
to Eliza J. Morgan ; she was born in 
Ireland, Nov. 17, 1834; her parents 
emigrated to Canada when she was an 
infant ; have ten children living — Henry, 
Kate, Mary, Matilda, Amelia, Ann J., 
Richard M., John A., George W. and 
Bertha D. ; lost one — Lizzie E., died 
Sept. 13, 1874; the two elder daugh- 
ters are teaching in this county; Mr. B. 
has been School Director two years and 
Road Supervisor several yeai's ; all are 
members of the M. E. Church. 

Barr Hinry Jr. ; Eduewood. 

BECKIVER JOHN, Farmer : Sec. 
24 ; P. 0. Eailville ; born in Botetourt 
Co., Va., June 19, 1808; moved with 
his parents to Moni-oe Co., Va., when 
youug. Remained there until 1836, 
when he removed to La Porte Co., lud. ; 
was married there July 2, 1840, to Su- 
sanna Beckner. She was born in same 
county, Va., Aug. 31, 1818. Have ten 
children — Jonathan M., Francis M.. 
Joseph E., Rufus M., Sarah V., John 
A.. Lydia A., Thomas E.. Ella J. and 
Charles H. Lost two — Mary E., died 
April 23, 1849, and Albert, Aug. 30, 
1860. Mr. B. was School Director, 
Township Trustee and Road Supervisor 
several years. For a number of years 
previous to leaving Virginia, he was en- 
gaged in teaming and hauling salt and 
other freight from the Kanawha Valley, 
over the mountains, Avhen railroads were 
unknown there ; are members of the 
Christian Church. 

BECKWER RUFrS M. Farmer; 
Sec. 34 ; P. 0. Greeley ; born in La 



Porte Co., Ind., Jan. 31, 1848; accom- 
panied his parents to this county in 
1854 ; was married Dec. 22, 1877, to 
Dora F. Winchell. She was born near 
Dubuque, in 1857. Mr. B. owns 160 
acres of land in Fayette Co. Was Sec- 
retary of the School Board two years ; 
are members of the Christian Church. 

Blackburn T. C. laborer ; Sec. 32 ; P. 0. 
Greeley. 

BEODGETT MIEO M. D., 

Postmaster and Justice of the Peace, 
Greeley ; born in Caledonia Co., Vt., 
Feb. 20, 183,7 ; came to this county 
and settled at Earlville, in 1868. Kept 
a drug store there until 1872 ; then 
came to this place, and in 1874 built 
the first hotel erected in this place ; kept 
hotel one year, then rented it to other 
parties; has been Postmaster since Aug., 
1876; was married May 29, 1872, to 
Mrs. Catherine Drybi-ead, daughter of 
the Rev. John 31artindale, She was 
born May 6, 1835, in Michigan. She 
has two children by first marriage — 
Addie E. and Annie. Dr. B. is Vice 
President of the Delaware County Medi- 
cal Society ; is a member of the A. 0. 
U. W. Family attend ihe Christian 
Church, of which Mrs. B. and eldest 
daughter are members. 

Brady J. M. far. ; See. 10; P. 0- Greeley. 

Brady Wm. far. ; Sec. 10; P. O. Greeley. 

Brandt S. A. far. ; Sec. 27 ; P. O. Greeley. 

Brazeltoii S. Notary Public; P. O. Greeley. 

Brown John W. farmer. Sec. 27; P. 0. 
Greeley. . 

Brownw il P. F. farmer, Sec. 30; P. 0. 
Greeley. 

Burbridge W. H. farmer. Sec. 31 ; P. 0. 
Greeley. 

/^""^AMP JAMES, fanner, Sec. 9 ; P. 0. 

V_y Greeley. 

Campbell T. B. station agt. ; P. 0. Greeley. 

Canine R. W. far., S. 32; P.O.Greeley. 

Carrgan M. far. S. 28 ; P. 0. Greeley. 

Carter J. W. far., S. 4 ; P. 0. Greeley. 

Chase D. F. far., S. 18; P. 0. Greeley. 

CHASE EZRA F. Farmer, Sec. 7 ; 
P. O. Greely. Born in Tompkins Co., 
N. Y., March 21, 1830; came to this 
county in 1853 ; owns 145 acres of 
land ; was married, in 1842, to Naomi 
McCall ; she was born in Allegany Co., 
N. Y., Oct. 15, 1815. They have three 
children living — James D., Naomi M. 



ELK TOWNSHIP. 



62T 



(Mrs. Tuttle), and Flora H. (Mrs. 
McKray). Frank, the oldest son, en- 
listed in the 27th I. V. I., was with the 
regiment in its campaigns until the 
Winter of 1864:; his health failed, he 
was taken to the hospital, and died at 
Baton Rouge, La., April U, 1805. Mr. C. 
was County Superintendent of Schools 
one term, Justice of the Peace one 
term. Township Trustee one term, and 
School Director 20 years. 

Chase James, far.. See. 17 ; P. 0. Greeley. 

CHASE JAMES D._ Farmer, Sec. 
17; P. 0. Greuley; born in Cataraugus 
Co., N. Y., July 19, 1846 ; accompanied 
his father to this county in 1853 ; was 
married Feb. 1, 1877, to Sarah J. Hin- 
dal ; she was born in Green Co., Wis., 
Feb. 2, 1858 ; came to this county in 
1865 ; have one child — Frank, born 
Jan. 24, 1878 ; owns 1H4 acri's of land. 
Mr. C. enlisted, Sept. 24, 1864, in the 
27th I. V. I.; regiment mustered out at 
the close of the war. Is a member of 
Tadmore Lodge, No. 1^25, A.. F. & A. M. 

Collins M. far.; S. 17 ; P. 0. Greeley. 

COHBS JAMES W. Miller and 
Bookkeeper, Greeley: born in Clay Co., 
Ind., Jan. 14, 1848 ; accompanied his 
parents to this county in 186U ; settled 
in this town ; worked about six years at 
Reddens' mills ; was bookkeeper and 
salesman in their store nearly three 
years, and has just been appointed As- 
sessor for this township. Mr. C. is a 
member of Tadmore Ledge, No. 225, A., 
F. and A. M., also of the Universalist 
Church of this place. 

eOlfXER THOMAS J. Proprie- 
tor Greeley House ; born in Fayette Co., 
Pa., Oct. 29, 1831 ; came to this county 
anl settled near Colesburg in 1852 ; was 
married Dec. 1, 1860, to Dovie Young; 
she was born in Park Co., Ind., July 1, 
1837 ; came here in 1849 with his par- 
ents, who were among the first settlers 
in Colony Township ; in 1865, Mr. C. 
moved to Kansas; returned in 1868; 
has worked at the carpenter trade four- 
teen years ; engaged in hotel keeping last 
July ; he is a member of Tadmore 
Lodge, No. 225, A., F. and A. M; fami- 
Iv belongs to the Universalist Church. 

Cook J. T. former ; Sec. 18 ; P. 0. Greeley. 

COREI.L ED WIX, Farmer; Sec. 
33 ; P. 0. Greeley ; born in Allegany 



Co., N. Y., Jan. 2, 1845 ; came to this 
county in 1850 ; in 1856, while crossing 
the prairies of Minnesota, he became 
lost in a storm and was obliged to lay 
out all night, and thereby had his feet 
so badly frozen that it was necessary to 
amputate them at the instep ; in 1861, 
he enlii^ted in the 12th Iowa Infantry; 
was in the battles of Fort Henry, Vicks- 
burg, Corinth and several other engage- 
ments ; was discharged in Nov. 1864; 
was married Oct. 16, 1872, to I-ouisa 
V. Chapman ; she was born in Medina 
Co., Ohio, May 12, 1850; have three 
children — Park B., Dunham S. and 
Harvey ; owns 188 acres of land ; was 
School Director two years and is now 
Treasurer of the Board. 

COREI.I. HORACE A. Farmer ; 
Sec. 20 ; P. 0. Greeley ; born in Alle- 
gany Co., N. Y., Sept. 17, 1837 ; came 
with his parents to this county in 1850 ; 
enlisted Aug. 10. 1862, in the 27th 
Regiment Iowa Infantry ; was with them 
in all of their campaigns till the close of 
the war ; was mustered out and reached 
home Aug. 10, 1865, exactly three 
years from the time he enlisted ; owns 
195 acres of land ; Wi<s married Dec. 9, 
•1866, to Ellen A. Tomlinsou; she was 
born in Michigan ; died March 1, 1870 ; 
was the mother of two children — Chas. 
D., born April 15, 1868, and Ellen A., 
Sept. 5, 1869 ; she died in Nov., 1875 ; 
he was married second time to Elizabeth 
R. Penny Nov. 21, 1876 ; she was born 
in this township Jan. 26, 1854; have 
one child — Lottie, born Oct. 9, 1877 ; 
his mother, now 75 years of age, lives 
with him and remembers when there 
were only two houses wiihin sight of 
where they now live, when herds of deer 
could frequently be seen crossing the 
fields ; he is a member of Tadmore 
Lodge, A., F. and A. M. ; attends the 
Universalist Church. ■ 

Correll James E. speculator, Greeley. 

COREL.I. JOHN, Stock and Grain 
Dealer ; born in Wyoming Co., N. Y., 
Aug. 29, 1830 ; came to this county in 
1851 ; was married in his native State, 
April 12, 1855, to Margaret Duncan; 
she was born in Cattaraugus Co., N. Y., 
1834 ; she came to this county, where 
she died July 16, 1856; second wife 
was Emma Wood, married Feb. 21, 



628 



DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY: 



1861 ; She was born in La Porte Co., 
Ind., 18;:{5; owns 40 acres of land; 
handles on an averasje about S60,000 
worth of grain and over $100,000 worth 
of stock annually, in which he has one- 
half interest; is one of the charter 
members of Tadmore Lodge, A., F. and 
A. M., of which he has held office of 
Treasurer several terms. 
€ulbt'rson William D. miller, Redding's 
Mill; P. 0. Greeley. 

AVIS A. far.; Sec. 18 ; P. 0. Greeley. 



D 



Davis S. N. stone mason. 

Davis Wni. Sec. 27 ; far. ; P. 0. Greeley. 

DAVIS WILLIAM F. Physician 
and Surgeon ; P. 0. Greeley ; born in 
Lansing, Tompkins Co., N. Y., Jan. 17, 
1846; graduated at Bellevuc Hospital, 
N. Y. city, in 1868 ; went to Genoa, N. 
Y., same year and commenced practice ; 
was married Nov. 14, 1875, to Jane 
Moe ; she was born in Cuba, 
N. Y., Sept. 20, 1852. He continued in 
practice there until the Spring of 1876, 
when he siai'ted West, spent three 
months on the prairies of Kansas, Ne- 
braska, etc. ; located in this place Nov. 
7, same year, where he now has an ex- 
tensive practice, and enjoys the confi- 
dence of both the general public and 
the medical fraternity. They are mem- 
bers of the Universalist Church. 

Derr John, renter ; Sec. 5 ; P. 0. Greeley. 

Dodds E. E. far. ; Sec. 21, P. 0. Greeley. 

DODI>S NATHAN H. Farmer and 
House Painter ; Sec. 21 ; P. 0. Greeley ; 
born in Livingston Co., N. Y., Sept. 2, 
1830; was married July 8, 1849, to 
Amanda M. White ; she was born in 
Oneida Co., N. Y., April 12, 1831 ; they 
came to this county in 1852; owns 100 
acres of land ; have ten children — 
Mary J., Elizabeth A., Elbert E., 
Eva L., Delia M., Emma W., Abbey, 
Nannie M., William N. and Frankie C. 
Sarah W. died March 22, 1864. Mr. 
D. enlisted Aug. 15, 1802, in Co. F, 
Iowa Lifantry ; served seven months, 
was then discharged for disability ; are 
members of the United Brethren 
Church. 

Drybread G. W. dry goods, groceries, etc., 
P. i). Greeley. 

Drybread H. dry goods, etc. ; P. 0. Greeley. 

Drybread H. C. stock dealer; P.O. Greeley. 



DRYBREAD JOHRf S. Farmer; 
Sec. 21 ; P. 0. Greeley; born in Butler 
Co., 0., Feb. 12, 1823 ; moved to Ber- 
rien Co., Mich., in 1837 ; was married 
there Dec. 7, 1844, to Mary J. Wilson. 
She was born in Preble Co., 0., May 

24, 1828 ; came to this county in 1853. 
Owns 360 acres of land ; have two chil- 
dren living — Henry, born May 2, 1857, 
and John, April 29, 1868. Lost four 
— Alice, aged 6 years; Florence, 15 
months ; George, 2 years, and Harrison, 
4 years. Mr. D. has served six years as 
Township Trustee, and five as School 
Director ; is a member of Tadmore 
Lodge, No. 225, A., F. & A. M. ; 
belong to the Universalist Church. 

Ellis Thomas, wagon mkr. ; P. 0. Greeley. 

ELIilS WM. B. Farmer ; Sec. 30 ; 
P. 0. Greeley ; born in New York in 
1827 ; came with his parents to Penn- 
sylvania in 1832, and to this county in 
1853; entered 160 acres of land; went 
back to York State, and, in 1856, 
returned and took up his residence here. 
Owns 280 acres of land. In 1857, he 
was married to Cordelia Walton. She 
was born in Ohio in 1839; died Aug. 
15, 1865 ; was the mother of four chil- 
dren — Isabel, Cora, Mary and Rosetta 
J. He was married again to Mrs. 
Julia Evans (maiden name (Jharles) ; 
born in Indiana in 1840 ; had five 
children — Miranda, Peter, Remington 
and Emma are livins; ; Jerusha died 
Sept. 4, 1868. Mrs. ^ Ellis died July 

25, 1876. 

j Engel Chris, merchant ; P. 0. Greeley. 
I Evens T. A. harness mkr. ; P. 0. Greeley. 

FARWELL R. E. well driller ; P. 0. 
Greeley. 
Fasselman J. Jr Assessor ; P. 0. Greeley. 
j FITZPATRICK JAMES, 

Farmer ; Sec. 28 ; P. 0. Greeley ; born 
in Ireland, Jan. 6, 1830 ; emigrated to 
j this country in 1848, by sail vessel to 
New York, then by rail and stage to 
Pittsburgh ; from there to Galena, 111., 
via steamboat, thence to this place in 
wagon, drawn by yoke of oxen ; com- 
menced here in the wild prairie ; owns 
240 acres of land ; was married in 1861 
to Huldah Foley ; she was born in Can- 
ada May 14, 1845. They have nine 
children living — James. 31ichael, Julia, 
Alice, Ellen, Thomas, Dennis, Mary, 



ELK TOWNSHIP. 



629 



and infant not named. Lost three — 
Edward, Catherine and one infant ; be- 
long to the Catholic Church. 

Francis David, laborer, Greeley. 

Freeman E. J. far. ; S. 19 ; P. 0. Greeley. 

Ferguson D. blacksmith, Greeley. 

Ferguson W. R. far ; S. 20 ; P. 0. Greely. 
ILMORE A. B. merchant, Greeley. 



G 



CJILIIORE SILAS, Retired Mer- | 
chant ; P. 0. Greeley ; born in Wash- 
ington Co., N. Y., Dec. 28, 1814 ; emi- ; 
grated to Iowa in 1838; settled in i 
Clayton Co., within ten miles of this 1 
place ; the country was at that time 
overrun by Indians of different tribes ; 
only about ten or twelve white men in 
the county ; he was married April 4, 
1844, to Maria Phillips ; she was born 
in Chautauqua Co., N.Y., in 1822 ; have 
ten children — Edwin, Esther, Simeon 
B., Ellen, Jesse, Henry, Silas, Mary, 
Sophia and Ernest. Mrs. G. died Feb. 
20, 1872. Mr. G. was Supervisor two 
years, Assessor two years, and Town 
Clerk fourteen years ; is connected with 
the firm of Harvey L. Hopkins & Co., 
manufacturers of mowers, Chicago, 111. 
Mrs. G. taught the first school ever or- 
ganized in this county, in 1841 ; are 
members of the M. E. Church. 

Gilmore Silas A. Jr. merchant, Greeley. 

Glasscock N. B. farmer ; Sec. 20 ; P. 0. 
Greeley. 

Goldsworthy Wm. J. blacksmith, Greeley. 

Grant John, P. 0. Greeley. 

Griffith Geo. far.; Sec. 29 ; P. 0. Greeley. 

Griffith J. W.far.; Sec. 29 ; P. O. Greeley. 

HALL G. W. farmer; Sec. 2; P 0. 
Greeley. 

Haney H. F. laborer; P.O. Greeley. 

HARRIS JOHN, Farmer; Sec. 19; 
P. 0. Greeley; born on the Island of 
Cape Breton June 28, 1819 ; was 
reared on Prince Edward's Island; came 
to this county in 1854. Married Mrs. 
Elizabeth Penny (maiden name, Le 
Lacheur) Dec. 20, 1864 ; she was born 
on Prince Edward's Island April 27, 
1825 ; was married to Samuel Penny in 
1846 ; he died Oct. 1, 1860. She had 
seven children by first marriage — Ann 
M., now Mrs. Delong ; Margaret E., now 
Mrs. Canine ; Elizabeth, now Mrs.Corell ; 
Emma and Samuel James ; by second 
marriage, one son, William P., born Oct. 



25, 1866 ; lost two sons, John died Jan. 

15, 1848, on Prince Edward's Island, and 

Samuel died Dec. 20, 1850, in this 

county, aged respectively 2 years and 9 

months, and 9 months. Mr. H. served 

as School Director three years ; is now 

Secretary of the Board. Attend the 

Christian Church. 

Hart Peter, laborer ; Sec. 8 ; P.O. Greeley. 

Hatfield T. laborer ; P. 0. Greeley. 

Hennessy J. renter; Sec. 27 ; P.O. Greeley. 

Henry P. laborer ; P. O. Greeley. 

Hess D. farmer; Sec. 15; P. 0. Greeley. 

He.ss Isaac, far.; Sec. 15 ; P. 0. Greeley. 

Hess William M. farmer; Sec. 15; P. 0. 

Greeley. 
Hill Edward, far.; Sec. 6 ; P. 0. Greeley. 
HINDAIi GEORGE W. Farmer; 
Sec. 17 ; P. 0. Greeley ; born in Rock 
Co., Wis., Jan. 9, 1852; came to this 
county with his parents in 1865. His 
father emigrated to Penn,sylvania from 
Germany in 1838, from there to Wis- 
consin in 1 847 ; was among the early 
settlers there ; has carted grain from 
Janesville to Milwaukee, in wagons ; 
sold wheat at 30c. per bushel ; now lives 
in Wright Co., Iowa. His mother, 
whose maiden name was Crall, was born 
near Mansfield. Ohio, March 10, 1833. 
The subject of this sketch is farming 
with J. D. Chase. Is unmarried. 
Hoag Wm. farmer ; Sec. 22 ; P.O. Greeley. 
HoUenbeck Ashley, farmer ; Sec. 18 ; P. 

0. Greeley. 
Hunter R. farmer ; Sec. 25 ; P.O. Greeley. 
Hyer Geo. saloon keeper ; Greeley. 
y RMSCHER AUGUST, farmer ; Sec. 
X 1 ; p. 0. Colesburg. 
Irmscher David, farmer ; Sec. 1 ; P. 0. 

Colesburg. 
Irmscher George, farmer ; Sec. 1 ; P. 0. 

Colesburg. 
"FAMES J. P. hardware ; Greeley. 

JENKINS JAIIES M. Firm of 

Jenkins & Burbridge, Dealers in Hard- 
ware, Boots and Shoes ; Greeley ; born 
in Franklin Co., Ind., Nov. 20, 1830. 
! Was married Jan. 7, 1856, to Mary M. 
Wykoff; she was born in Licking Co., 
, Ohio, May 23, 1833. They came to 
'; this county in 1856, followed farming 
i the first ten years ; sold out and engaged 
, in mercantile pursuits ; owns half in- 
I terest in store and real estate worth 



mo 



DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY: 



S2,(HI0 ; have one eluld living, Mabel, 
born May 22, 1865 ; two deceased, Flora, 
aged 2, and Nura, 3 years. Mr. J. was 
Assessor five years ; is a member of Tad- 
more Lodge, No. 225, A., F. \- A. M.; 
Eepublioan : attend the Universalist 

JEXKIXS WILLIAM «. Farm 
er; Sec. 19; P. O.Greeley; born in 
Butler Co., 0., Dec. (3, 1822; accom- 
panied his mother to Michigan in 1837 ; 
where he remained till 1 856, when he 
came to this coiinty. Owns 131 acr: s 
of land. Was married Feb. 21, 1866, 
to Martha Freeman ; she was born in 
Washington County, N. Y., March 22, 
1839 ; they have three children — Ben- 
jamin D., Jessie Maud and Ruth H. 
Mr. J. was Township Trustee and School 
Director two years ; is a member of 
Tadmore Lodge, No. 225, A., F. & A. 
M.; family belong to the Universalist 
Church. 

Jones J. L. fiu-mer ; Sec. 23 ; P.O. Grt-eley. 

Jones R. J. farmer: S. 32; P. 0. Greeley. 

KAHLSDORF WM. laborer: P. 0. 
Greelov. 

KEXXEDY CORXELIIIS, Far 

and Marble Cutter; S. 2 ; P. 0. Coles- 
burg; born in Kings Co., Ireland, 
-April 2, 1811. While young he went 
to Liverpool, Eng., where he learned 
his trade, followed it till 1851, generally 
contraciing ; was married in 1839 to 
Mary A. Lindsay. She was born in 
Ireland Dec' 1, 1824; went with her 
parents to England when an infant. 
They emiiirated to the United States in 
1851, and to this county in 1853, and 
settled where he now resides. Owns 
160 acres of land here and property in 
Delaware Center. Have ten chiklren 
living — James, John, Cornelius, Benja- 
n)in, Mary J., Elizabeth, William, Anna 
M., Sarah E. and Evulecn. Patrick, 
the eldest son. was a member of Co. G, 
12th III. Inf ; was wounded at the bat- 
tle of Sliiloh ; died at Keokuk A})ril 
26, 1862. John is principal agent of 
the educational department of Harper 
Bros.' publishing house, New York. 
Cornelius and Benjamin are in the law 
school, Iowa City. 
Krumpd J. far. ; S. 1 ; P. O. Colesburg. 

LE LACHEUR JAMES, flvrmer; S. 
16; }'. 0. Greeley. 



Le LACHEUR ELISHA, Farm- 
er ; S. 8 ; P. 0. Greeley ; born on 
Prince Edward's Island July 8, 1840; 
came with his parents to this county in 
1851 ; was married Nov. 14, 1863, to 
Mary J. Bliss. She was born in Win- 
nebago Co., 111., April 15, 1847 ; came 
with her parents to this county in 1850 ; 
have three children — Lizzie P., born 
Dec. 13, 1864; Frank W., May 6, 
1873; and John, Feb. 14, 1876. Mr. 
L.'s father, John W. Le Lacheur, 
served twenty-six years in the House of 
Commons, Prince Edward's Island, and 
was a member of the Iowa State Legis- 
lature in 1860 and '61 ; was born on 
the Island of Gurnsey Jan. 26, 1793 ; 
died July 3, 1875. 

LILLIBRIDUE ALA^SON, 

Farmer ; S. 28 ; P. 0. Greeley ; born 
in Chenango Co., N. Y., Feb. 2, 1822 ; 
moved to Michigan in 1 844 ; was mar- 
ried there April 23, 1845, to Mary 
Nelson. She was born in Livingston 
Co., N. Y. They came to this county 
in 1852; own 220 acres of land ; have 
sis children living — Lorette, John M., 
Frank M., Henry W., Robert and Mary 
K. Lost three — William, Byron and 
Abram. Mr. L was School Director 
one and Road Supervisor five years. 
Mr. and Mrs. Nelson, parents of Mr. 
L., reside with them, aged, respectively, 
82 and 74. Mrs. L. belongs to the Chris- 
tian Church. Family attend the same. 

Lillibridge Frank M. farmer; S. 28; P. 
0. Greeley. 

Lillibridge Hosea, carpenter, Greeley. 

LILLIBRIDGE JOHN M. Far.; 

Sec. 33 ; P. ( ). Greeley ; born in Branch 
Co., Mich., April 11, 1849 ; came to this 
county in 1852 with his parents, who 
settled in Coffin's Grove ; was married 
Sept. 1, 1875, to Mary C. Ross ; she was 
born in York State Dec. 28, 1854 ; have 
one child — Oren S-, born Nov. 1, 1876. 
Mr. L. was this Spring elected School 
Director ; owns 9 acres of land. 

Lindsay Benj. farmer, Sec. 12; P. 0. 
Colesburg. 

Lindsay Thos. farmer, Sec. 12; P. 0. 
Colesburg. 

Longford Thomas, Sec. boss, Greeley. 

Luenze August, farmer. Sec. 12 ; P. O. 
Colesburg. 

Lull A. retired farmer, Greeley. 



ELK TOWNSHIP. 



<>31 



M 



'CANNON W. C. phys., Greeley. 



McKenny P. D. laborer, Sec. 18; P. 0. 

Greeley. 
McKray W. H. far., Sec. 18 ; P.O. Greeley. 
MAIiVEM CHARLES, Farmer, 
Sec. 'Zd ; P. 0. Greeley ; born near 
Edinburgh, Scotland, Feb. 28, 1818; 
came to the United States with his 
pai'ents in 1828 ; settled in Sussex Co., 
N. J., where he was married Jan. 23, 
1834, to Ann Michael, born in Monroe 
Co., Pa., Dec. 2, 1816; they came to 
this county in 1 850 ; settled in Colony 
Tp. when all was wild prairie and timber 
lands, except in the immediate vicinity 
of Colesburg ; came here in 1865 ; owns 
120 acres of land ; have nine children — 
John, Nicholas, Daniel S., Mary F., 
Wm. B., Frank H., Emma E., Alice J. 
and James R. L. Mr. M. was Town- 
ship Trustee four and Supervisor two 
years. 

Malven F. H. Sec. 29 ; P. 0. Greeley. 

Malven John, laborer, Greeley. 

Marchum A. laborer, Greeley. 

Marchum Harry, laborer, Greeley. 

Marchum T. lab.. Sec. 19 ; P. 0. Greeley. 

Marchum Wm. laborer, Greeley. 

Martindale Elijah, music teacher, Greeley. 

MARTINI>AIiE DAVID, Far , 

Sec. 20 ; P. O. Greeley ; born in Wayne 
Co., Ind., June 1, 1830 ; came to this 
county in 1851 ; anions the first settlers 
of this township ; owns 275 acres here 
and 30 in Clayton Co. ; was married 
March 10, 1853, to Elizabeth C. Jones ; 
she was born in Butler Co., 0., Feb. 5, 
1830 ; have two children living — -Joseph 
P., born Feb. 26, 1854, and Charles W., 
Nov. 15, 1869 ; lost one — John J., born 
Feb. 18, 1856, died Sept. 4, 1868, aged 
12 years and 6 months ; family are mem- 
bers of the Christian Church. 
MARTINDALE JOHN, Pastor 
of Christian Church, Greeley ; born in 
Warren Co., 0., April 10, 1805; ac- 
companied his father to Wayne Co., 
Ind., in 1812 ; was married to Mary 
Watson Nov. 30, 1826 ; she was born in 
Kentucky ; was the mother of twelve 
children, seven of whom are living ; she 
died xMarch 14, 1851 ; is buried in Ber- 
rien Co., Mich. The family moved to 
this county in May of the same year ; 
Mr. M. bought 320 acres of land, which 



he has since divided among his children ; 
was married again in January, 1852, to 
Mrs. Eliza A. Strong, of Berrien Co., 
Mich. ; she was the mother of five chil- 
dren by former marriage. Mr. M. has 
been preaching the Gospel for about 50 
years ; oraanized the church, and was 
mainly instrumental in erecting the 
building here; family are all members. 

Mason R. H. far. ; Sec. 35 ; P. 0. Greeley. 

Mason T. R. paintcir; Greeley. 

MATTHEWS LAFAYETTE, 

Farmer ; Sec. 34 ; P. 0. Greeley ; born 
in Boone Co., 111., Jan. 13, 1851 ; came 
to this county with his parents in 1664; 
was married Dec. 1, 1874, to Orsavella 
Holbert ; she was born in this county 
Sept.. 25, 1855 ; have three children — 
Frank, born Sept. 12. 1875 ; Wm. W., 
Jan. 4, 1877, and infant, born Feb. 2, 
1878 ; owns 120 acres of land ; is Secre- 
tary of School Board. 

Millard A. farmer; S. 18 ; P. 0. Greeley. 

MILLER ELISHA, Farmer; Sec. 
30 ; P. O. Greeley ; born in Albany 
Co., N. Y., April 12, 1834; came to 
this county in 1855 ; ©wns 174 acres of 
land; was married April 12, 1857, to 
Jane H. Clugston ; she was born in 
Berrien Co., Mich., June 1, 1838 ; they 
have five children living — Martha J., 
Harriet I.. Charlie H, Willis G. and 
Eddie M.; lost one — William, died June 
9, 1859.. Mr. M. is a member of Tad- 
more Lodge, No. -25, A., F. and A. M.; 
Republican ; belongs to the Christian 
Church. 

Miller Geo. far. ; S. 36 ; P. 0. Ear)ville. 

Miller H. farmer; S. 29; P. 0. Greeley. 

Miller H. G. teacher; Greeley. 

MILLER WILLIAM, Farmer ; S. 
25 ; P. 0. Earlville ; born in Hanover, 
Germany, June 21, 1829 ; emigrated to 
the United States in 1844 ; came in a 
sail vessel to New Orleans, La., being 
ten weeks on the voyage ; spent three 
years in Cincinnati, Ohio ; moved to 
Clayton Co., Iowa, in 1848, where he 
was in 1851, married to Mary Samp- 
son ; she was born in Germany, in 1834, 
and came to this county in 1865 ; owns 
250 acres of land ; have five children — 
William II., Anna M., George, Matilda 
and an infant. When Mr. M. came to 
Clayton County, it was mostly unim- 
proved land, abounding with all kinds 



632 



DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY : 



of game ; there were only three houses 
on the road from Millville to Garna 
Vilh.. 

Millis W. J. carpenter: Greeley. 

Minich Adam, far.; S. 17 ; P. O. Greeley. 

Mimch J. farmer ; S. 17 ; P. 0. Greeley. 

Mortraii Ira, iarmer; S. 2 J ; P. 0. Greeley. 

"S.TELSON E. N.; Sec. 28; P. 0. 

J^ Greeley. 

Newton Frederic E. farmer; S. 16; P. 0. 
Greeley. 

Niederfninke C. H. farmer: S. 3G ; P. 0. 
Earlvillc. 

KIEMAK HENRY, Farmer; Sec. 
24 ; P. (). Earlville : born in Germany, 
March 18, 1833; emigrated to the 
United States in 1845, and to Clayton 
County, this State, in 1846 ; was mar- 
ried there, in 1862, to Louisa Nieder- 
franke ; she was born in Germany, in 
1842 ; they came to this county in 
1867 ; owns 220 acres of land ; have six 
children living — Amanda, Mary, Will- 
iam, Lydia, Charles and Caroline ; lost 
one — John H., died in 1874. Mr. 
N. was School Director two years, and 
Road Supervisor three years ; they are 
members of the Lutheran Church. 

NIEMAX WILLIAM C. Farmer; 
Sec. 24; P. O. Earlville; born in Ger- 
many, June 27, 1837 ; emigrated to the 
United States in 1845, and to Clayton 
Co., Iowa, in 1847 ; was married Nov. 
19, 1863, to Mary A. Brandhorst; she 
was born in Germany, March 14, 1846, 
and came to this county in 1874; owns 
250 acres of land ; have six children — 
Amelia L. L., Joseph {). H., George 
F. W., August C. G., Ida L. W. and 
John B. Has been School Director onj 
year, and Road Supervisor four years ; 
they are members of the Lutheran 
Church. 

Noble E. farmer ; S. 18; P. 0. Greeley. 

ODKLL C. M. farmer ; Sec. 16 ; P. 0. 
Greeley. 

Odell Isaac C. far. ; S. 16; P. 0. Greeley. 

01>ELL. JOB, Farmer; Sec. 16; P. 
0. Greeley : born in Tennessee Dec. 
16, 1811; his parents moved to Ran- 
dolph Co., Ind., in 1816, and remained 
there until 1830, then moved to Elk- 
hart County ; here he was married to 
Mary Jones, March 31, 1831 ; she was 
born in Canada; moved same jear to 
Cass Co.. Mich. Mrs. 0. died Jan. 



29, 1841 ; was the mother of six chil- 
dren — Benj. F. and Cyrus M. are liv- 
ing, three died in infancy, and John S. 
died D c. 24, 1845. Mr. 0. was again 
married Aug. 13, 1846, to Mary Nicol ; 
she was born in Butler Co., Ohio, Oct. 
22, 1819 ; has seven children — Gabriel 
H., Abbie, William N., Nannie E., 
Corbley M., Isaac C. and John B. Mr. 
0. was Assessor and School Director 
five years each, and Township Trustee 
one year ; came to this county in 1851 : 
early settler ; was only one house be- 
tween here and Delhi, on the main road; 
plenty of game, and Indians occasion- 
ally. 

ODELL WM. Farmer; S. 15; P. 0. 
Greeley; born in Buchanan, Mich., 
Sept. '^4, 1851. His parents moved to 
this county in the same year. He was 
married Feb. 22, 1874, to Sarah J. 
Webster. She was born in Ashland 
Co., 0., Feb. 22, 1854. Owns 80 acres 
of land. Mrs. Odell came to this 
county with her parents in 1867. They 
attend the United Brethren Church. 

Ordwary C. F. agent ; residence Greeley. 

PIERCE IRA M. farmer; S. 8 ; P. 
0. Greeley. 

PARLIMAIV ABRA9I, Farmer; 
S. 29; P. 0. Greeley; born in Ulster 
Co., N. Y., Dec. 26, 1824. While he 
was quite young the family moved to 
Cortland Co. ; from there to Ohio ; 
thence to Jackson Co., Mich., where 
they remained until 1851, when they 
came to this county, being among the 
first settlers ; bought a farm in Coffin's 
Grove. Mr. P. was married Oct. 1, 
1854, to Nancy Nelson. She was born 
in New lork Oct. 27, 1825. They 
came to this town in 1865 ; own 140 
acres of land ; have two children living 
— Charles Homer and Emma Florence. 
Lost one — Arthur 0., died in 1868, 
aged 13. Mr. P. was clerk of Coffin's 
Grove five years, and Supervisor four 
years. Attend the Christian Church, of 
which Mrs. P. and the children are 
members. 

PILIiRIlI HEXRY, Farmer; S. 
16; P. 0. Greeley; born in England 
Sept. 21, 1831 ; was married there in 
1852 to Elizabeth Clifton. She was 
born in England May 4, 1826. They 
emigrated to the United States in 1853 ^ 



ELK TOWNSHIP. 



633 



stopped in Cleveland, 0.. until 1856, 
when he moved to this county ; owns 
144 acres of land. Mrs. P. died March i 
19, 1860; was the mother of four 
children — AdaL., Alma A., and Emily 
J. are living. Perdita died in 1862. 
Mr. P. was married again Sept. 25, 
1860, to Mrs. Sarah Pierce (maiden 
name Gibbs). She was born in England 
in 1841; had seven children— Dora C. 
by first marriage, and Edward H., John 
M., George G., Sarah E., Albert W., and 
Roseatta by second marriage. Mr. 
and Mrs. P. are members of the United 
Brethren Church. 

Pinkiey B, carpenter ; Greeley. 

Potts J. M. traveling agent; Greeley. 

RIDDEN W. miller; S. 16; P. 0. 
Greeley. 

Ridenour A. farmer ; S. 32 ; P. 0. Greeley. 

Ridenour M. far. ; S. 32 ; P. 0. Greeley. 

Robison J. B. druii<j.ist ; Greeley. 

ROBI^ON JIJLIA, Widow (mai- 
den name Wood) ; Greeley ; born in 
Erie Co., N. Y., July 17, 1827; ac 
companied her father, Amos Wood, to 
this county in 1845; among the first 
settlers in this county. She was mar- 
ried Dec. 16, 1847, to James H. Robi- 
son. He was born in Preble Co., 0., 
July 9, 1820 ; came to this county in 
1845, where he resided till July 4, 
1874, when he was gored to death by 
an infuriated bull. Mrs. R. is the 
mother of six children — Joseph Burt, 
Emma (Mrs. Millenj, and Nettie are 
living ; Frank died Jan. 3, 1849 ; 
Emor, Feb. 6, 1854; and Alice, Feb. 
8, 1867. Burt has been in the drug 
business here since 1875. 

Rulen J. flirmer; S. 22; P. 0. Greeley. 

Rulen K. laborer ; S. 2 ; P. 0. Greeley. 

Rulen Perry, farmer; P. 0. Greeley. 

SARGENT N. R. farmer ; S. 29 ; P. 
0. Greeley. 
SARGEXT JO^IAH B. Farmer; 
S. 29 ; P. 0. Greeley ; bc.rn in Meigs 
Co., 0., Aug. 31, 1817 ; followed fiirm- 
ing in that State twenty-five years ; was 
married March 8, 1842, to Mary Ann 
Smith. She was born in Fayette Co., 
Pa., May 27, 1821 , have five children 
— Lucretia, born Jan. 25, 1843; Mar- 
cellus, Jan. 20, 1846 ; John E. and 
Serene E. (Mrs. Vaugh — twins), Sept. 
19, 1849, and Newton R. Feb. 17, 



1853 ; settled in this county in 1854 on 
the farm now occupied by George Grif- 
fith, Esij. Owns 53 acres here, 160 in 
Humboldt, and 160 in Fayette Co. ; 
served several years as School Director, 
and twu terms as Township Trustee. 
Are all members of the Christian 
Church. 

Sawyer W. M.far.; S. 25; P. 0. Earlville. 

Schuldt John, far. ; S. 1 ; P. 0. Colesburg. 

Schneider Geo. far. ; S. 9 ; P. 0. Greeley. 

Schneider J. farmer ; S. 9 ; P. 0. Greeley. 

Schneider John, far. ; S. 30 ; P. 0. Greeley. 

Schneider L. A. farmer ; S. 9 ; P. 0. Gree- 
ley. 

Seeley J. L. carpenter ; Greeley. 

Seeley S. H. shoemaker ; Greeley. 

Seeley S. L. farmer ; Sec. 8 ; P. 0. Greeley. 

Shade Wm. Sec. 33 ; P. 0. Greeley. 

SHERMAX BENJAMIN A. 

Livery, Feed and Sale Stable ; P. 0. 
Greeley; born in York State, Oct. 12, 
1849; accompanied his father to Win- 
nebago Co., 111., in 1853 ; moved to 
Volga City in 1855 ; came to this place 
in 1875, where he has followed same 
business ever since ; was married Dec. 
6, 1877 to Sadie Cooper. She was 
born near Volga City, Dec. 14, 1805 ; 
went to Calhoun Co., when 10 years 
old ; came to this town in October, 1877. 

Sloan S. B. renter ; Sec. 26 ; P. 0. Gree- 
ley. 

SNOW ZEBINA, Farmer ; Sec. 21 ; 
P. 0. Greeley ; born in Windham Co., 
Vt., Nov. 14, 1811 ; accompanied his 
father to Massachusetts in 1827 ; was 
married there Nov. 28, 1838, to Louisa 
M. White. She was born in Manlius, 
N. Y., Aug. 3, 1819 ; they emigrated 
to this county in 1853, settled here in 
the brush where he has since opened 
his farm, consisting of 164 acres ; they 
have one daughter, Mrs. Mary L. 
Coolidge, born in Dedham, Mass , Nov. 
27, 1839. Mr. and Mrs. Snow are 
members of the Baptist Church. 

SOrLE ItlARY, Widow, (maiden 
name Corell), Far. ; Sec. 21 ; P. 0. 
Greeley ; born in Albany Co., N. Y., 
May 31. 1813; married to Hiram 
Dodds, Dec. 31, 1829 ; he was born in 
Delaware ; had two children — Nathan 
H. and Mary J. ; he died in 1835 ; 
she came to this county in 1853, was 
married a^ain in 1858 to Lemuel C. 



634 



DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY : 



Soule ; he was born in ^Massachusetts, 
March 28, 1812 ; have two children — 
Carrie and Frank. Mr. Soule died Jan. 
8,1878. She owns S(» acres of land; 
family belong to the United Brethren 
Church. The mother of Mr. Soule is still 
living at Dcdham, Mass., in her 91st 
year. 

STEEI^E HE:!IA]V E. Farmer; 
Sec. (i ; P. O. Edgewood ; born in 
Genesee Co., N. Y., May 15, 1838; 
accompanied his father to this county in 
1845 ; at that time there were very few 
white men here, but plenty of Indians, 
as well as an abundance of game and 
and wild animals of all kinds. Mr. 
Steele, Sr., is still living and resides in 
Clayton Co. Mr. Steele, Jr., was mar- 
ried April 3, 1859, to Jennette Seward. 
She was born in Ontario Co., N. Y., 
May 1, 1839 ; they have five children 
living — Minnie, Amos R., Edwin E., 
Lottie L. and Guy ; lost one daughter 
— Linnie L.,died Sept. 19, 1873; owns 
87 acres of land ; attend the Congre- 
gational Church, of which Mrs. S. is a 
member. 

Steele M. J. far.; Sec. tJ ; P O. Edgewood. 

STONER WILLIAM A. Farmer, 
Sec. 27 ; P. O. Greeley ; born in Ohio 
Aug. 25, 1832; accompanied his par- 
ents to La Porte, Ind., in 1837, thence 
to Valparaiso, where they remained 
until 1853, when they came to this 
county; he was married Nov. 7, 1857, 
to Melissa L. Parker ; she was born in 
Genesee (now Winnebago) Co., N. Y., 
Nov. 4, 1834; have an adopted son — 
John W. Brown, born June 7, 185G ; 
Mr. Stoner's father and mother now 
reside in North Fork Tp., aged respec- 
tively G7 and 69 ; the parents of Mrs. 
S. were early settlers in North Fork; 
father died in 1859 ; mother resides in 
Buchanan Co., aged 71 ; Mr. Stoner 
owns 172 acres of land. 

Sweet E. T. meat market ; Greeley. 

npAYLOU C. S. carpenter; Greeley. 

Taylor F. renter; Sec. 1(5; P. 0. Greeley. 
Taylor John, carpenter ; Greeley. 
Temple O. P. meat market ; Greeley. 
Tyrrell John, farmer; S. 5 ; P.O. Greeley. 
Tliomas David, far. ; S. IG ; P. O. Greeley. 
Tinimons T. far. ; S. 13; P. 0. Colesburg. 
Iraverse H. stone mason ; Greeley. 



Trobridge P. D. far.; S. 36 ; P. O. Greeley. 
Tuttle J. 0. farmer ; S 7 ; P. 0. Greeley. 
Tyrrell E. J. farmer ; S. 5 ; P. 0. Greeley. 
"TTAUGHN F. C. hardware ; Greeley. 

Vaughn Joe, iarm. r ; S. 32 ; P. 0. Greeley. 

Voutalge H. renter ; P. 0. Earlville. 

TTTAITE E. G. wagon maker ; Gree- 
VV ley. 

Webster D. C far. ; S. 15 ; P. 0. Greeley. 

WEBSTER MARY A. Widow 
(maiden name Brandt), Farmer; Sec. 
14; born in Cumberland Co., Pa., 
April 24, 1832 ; accompanied her parr 
ents to Ashland, Ohio, in 1837; was 
there, Feb. 10, 1854, married to Isaac 
N. Webster ; he was born in Wayne 
Co., Ohio, Dec. 28, 1828, died Oct. 2, 
1876 ; she has four children living — 
Sarah J. (now Mrs. Odell), Dayton C, 
John A. and Elfie C; lost one — Ida 
May, died Oct. 15, 1870; owns 260 
acres of land ; Mrs. W. is a member of 
the United Brethren Church; Mr. W. 
was a member of the same. 

Welch M. farmer; S. 35 ; P. 0. Greeley. 

Wells L. stone mason; Greeley. 

Wessell H. farmer; S. 1 ; P. O. Colesburg. 

White. H. hotel keeper; Greeley. 

Willis H. G. blacksmith ; Greeley. 

Wilson H. laborer ; Greeley. 

Wilson James, merchant ; Greeley. 

Wilson R. B. renter ; S. 19 ; P. 0. Greeley. 

Wiltze J. D. farmer ; S. 15 ; P. 0. Greeley. 

Wiltze N. farmer ; S. 22 ; P. 0. Greeley. 

Wiltze N. N. renter ; S. 22 ; P. 0. Greeley. 

Wiltse W. J. far. ; Sec. 22, P. 0. Greeley. 

Wins George, far. ; Sec. 20, P. 0. Greeley. 

Winnard Jas. far. ; Sec. 19 ; 7. C Greeley. 

YOUNG JOHN, renter; Sec. 29 ; P. 
O. Greeley. 
YOUXG JOHN, Farmer ; Sec. 26 ; 
P. 0. Greeley; born in County Down, 
Ireland, in 1830 ; came to Summit Co., 
Ohio, in 1849; was married there Aug. 
2, 1855, to Jane- Carney; she was born 
in Donegal, Ireland, Oct., 1834 ; came 
to Ohio in 1846 ; have seven children — 
Samuel A., Alexander, Thomas, Eliza 
J., Mary, Charles A. and John ; came to 
this county in 1860 ; owns 138 acres of 
land, on which he has put more than 
§4,000 improvements ; has been School 
Director one, and Road Supervisor two 
terms ; family belong to the M. E. 
Church. 




.#-% 




COLONY TR 



CU^t-'X^.^^^ 



ONEIDA TOWNSHIP. 



637 



ONEIDA TOWNSHIP. 



A MES N. 0. 



hotel ; Delaware. 



Ausmon S. farmer ; S. 8 ; P. 0. Delaware. 

Andrews J. B. laborer ; P. 0. Earlville. 

Armatage Heury, far.; S. 11; P. 0. Almoral. 

Austin C. M. retired ; P. 0. Delaware. 

AUSTIN C. S. Livery and Farmer ; 
P. 0. Delaware ; born in Franklin Co., 
N. Y., April 24, 1832; he moved 
with his parents to Indiana in 1834; 
they were engaged in farming ; settled 
in this county and township June 17, 
1867. He was married July 29, 
1854 to Miss Belinda Lewis from Pa.; 
they have had three children — William, 
born Ausr. 11, 1855 ; Rosie, Feb. 2, 
1858; Fred. H., Aug. 9, 1861. He has 
169 acres land in Sec. 6, Delhi Tp. 

BAILEY S. H. carpenter ; P. 0. Earl- 
ville. 

BALDWIN L.. P. Farmer ; Sec. 8 ; 
P. 0. Greeley ; born in Portage Co., 
Ohio in 1822. He removed with his 
mother to Winnebago Co., 111. in 1845 ; 
came to Iowa in Fall of 1846 ; to Eads' 
Grove in 1847 ; settled in this township 
in 1865; he was niiirried in 1850, to 
Miss Eliza Hinkle from this county ; 
they have had six children — Jane, born 
Feb. 3, 1851 ; Sanford, Feb. 8, 1853 ; 
John, Nov. 23, 1855 ; Etta, Sept. 8, 
1859; Willie, Deo. 25, 1861 ; Dora, 
Dec. 10, 1865 ; Willie died April 3, 
1868 ; Mr. B. held the office of Justice 
of Peace of Honey Creek Tp. three years, 
and Oneida Tp. six years ; School Direct 
or twelve years. He has 180 acres 
in Delaware Co. and 160 acres in Lyon 
Tp. Politics, Rep. ; religion, C'ing. 

Barker Wm. far.; Sec. 30 ; P. 0. DeLiware. 

Baskerville John, renter ; Sec. 13 ; P, O. 
Earlville. 

Bateman J. W. retired ; P. 0. Delaware. 

Beach V. G. stone mason ; P. 0. Earlville. 

Becket J. W. laborer ; P. 0. Earlville. 

BE£B£ L,. E. Farmer; Sec. 33; P. 
0. Delaware ; born in Madison Co., N. 
_Y., June 22, 1823 ; in 1850 he engaged 
in the mercantile business ; moved to Oil 
City, Penn., in 1861 ; engaged in oil 
refining; moved to Iowa in 1866 ; on his 
present farm in 1867; was married in 



1849, to Miss Caroline S. King, Oneida 
Co., N. Y. ; he has held office of Treas- 
urer one year ; he held the office of 
Treasurer of the Delaware Co. Farmers' 
Mutual Fire Insurance Company, four 
years ; he has 480 acres of land in Del- 
aware Co. ; he has two farms in Buchan- 
an Co., one in Buena Vista Co. ; in all 
740 acres, valued at $20,000. He es- 
tablished a creamery at Delaware, in 
1874; he will furnish the milk from 80 
cows, the coming season, from his own 
farm ; he also established a creamery at 
Independence in 1877 ; he is partner in 
the manufacturing of the Hopkins' 
Choice Mower, at Chicago, established 
in Oct., 1877. 

Belirns Fred, renter; Sec. 11 ; P. 0. Al- 
moral. 

Bell William, far. ; Sec. 3 ; P. 0. Almoral. 

Bengeton Peter, farmer ; Sec. 17; P. 0. 
Delaware. 

Bigelow A. P. laborer ; Sec. 16 ; P. 0. 
Earlville. 

Bigelow D. T. farmer ; P. 0. Earlville. 

BIRDI^ALiL S. B. Merchant: Earl- 
ville ; born in Dutchess Co., N. Y., Feb. 
19, 1830 ; moved to Bradford, Pa., in 
1844; to Sullivan Co., Pa., 1853; was 
engaged in merchandising and lumbering 
for twenty years ; moved West to Mis- 
souri in 1866 ; settled in Earlville Feb- 
ruary, 1867, except two years spent in 
Chicago ; he was married Si'ptember, 
1853, to Helen M. Molyneux, from 
Penn.sylvania ; she was born Feb. 11, 
1831 ; they have three children — Her- 
bert D., born Nov. 16, 1857 ; Cora J., 
born June 8, 1860 ; Ira J., bom April 
2, 1863, died May 16, 1865. Mr. 
Birdsall held the office of Postmas- 
ter at Millview, Pa., twelve years, ap- 
pointed under Pierce's Administration ; 
he is now extensively engaged is mer- 
chandising, under the firm name of Hor- 
sey, Potter & Co. 

Blai.dell G. P. former; Sec. 19; P. 0. 
Delaware. 

Blake Jno. tenant farmer ; P. 0. Dela- 
ware. 

Boone R. far. ; Sec. 32; P. 0. Delaware. 

Brown D. laborer ; Delaware. 

5 



638 



DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY: 



Bowers Rev. J. M. clergyman Gongrega- 
tional Church ; P. 0. Earlville. 

Box Daniel far. ; Sec. 14 ; P. 0. Earlville. 

Box Henry Sr. farmer; Sec. 18; P. 0. 
Delaware. 

Box Henry Jr. P. 0. Earlville. 

Box James, blacksmith and farmer ; P 0. 
Almoral. 

Brick J. farmer; P. 0. Deleware. 

Bridges Wm. retired; P. 0. Almoral. 

Brown J. H. laborer ; P. 0. Delaware. 

Buchholz G. farmer; Sec. 19 ; P. 0. Dela- 
ware. 

BLRBRIDCiE ROU I.AEfD, 

Farujer ; Sec. 5; P. O. Greeley; born 
in Ohio April 10, 1819; moved to Indi- 
ana 1822; to Michigan, Spring of 
1839; returned to Indiana 1854; to 
Iowa and on his present farm, Spring in 
1866 ; he was married in 1847 to Miss 
Emeline Hoag, from Michigan ; they 
have had five children — William H., 
Frank M., Jennie, Jacob. Kannie B. ; 
Jennie died. He has 680 acres of land, 
valued at S20,0<l0; Mr. B. purchased 
600 acres of land from the Government 
in 1853 ; his son Frank M. is located on 
a farm in the same section ; Wm. H. is 
in the hardware business in Greeley. 

Burrughs J. H. laborer ; P. 0. Earlville. 

Bush C. B. egg packer ; Earlville. 

Bush H. S. egg packer ; Earlville. 

CARPENTER F. L. laborer; P. 0. 
Earlville. 

CARPENTER I>. L. Retired ; Earl- 
ville ; born in Delaware Co., N. Y., Dec. 
30, 1818; moved to Boone Co., 111., in 
1847 ; he took a trip to California in 
1851, where he spent three years; re- 
turned to Wisconsin, where he spent 
seven years ; settled in this county in 
October, 1876. He was married in De- 
cember, 1845, to Miss Tillotson, from 
Delaware Co., N. Y. ; she was born 
April 5, 1817 ; they ha\e six children — 
George A., born Nov. 19, 1847; Mc- 
Donough T.. born May 7, 1851 ; Frank 
L., born March 14, 1854; Elisha J., 
born June 16, 1857; Violet L., born 
Oct. 28, 1849 ; Carrie Bell, born April 
14, 1860. Mr. Carpenter owns 300 
acres of land in Honey Creek Tp., Dela- 
ware Co.. and 320 acres in Sac Co., la. ; 
in politics. Republican. 

Carter John, laborer ; Earlville. 

Carty John, saloon ; Earlville. 



/"^ARTY FRANK, farmer; Sec. 35: 

Ly p. O. Earlville. 

CATES WILLIAM, Retired ; P. 
0. Earlville ; he was born in Maine, 
1807 ; moved to Onondaga Co., N. Y., 
1815, and to Indiana in 1837 ; came to 
Delaware Co. and North Fork Tp. in 
1853 ; he was married in 1829 to Miss 
Sarah Baker, from New York ; they 
had ten children, two dead. His wife 
died April, 1868. He was married 
again in 1809 to Mrs. A. C. Bundy, 
from Indiana. Mr. Gates purchased his 
farm in 1852 from the Government. 
He is one of the earliest settlers in the 
county ; he held the office of Road 
Commissioner for two years, and two 
years School Director in North Fork 
Tp. ; he sold his farm in 1875 ; Repub- 
lican ; Spiritualist. 

CATTROX J. A. G. Farmer; Sec. 
2 ; P. 0. Almoral; born in Washington 
Co., Ind., 1820; moved to Iowa and this 
county in May, 1854 and settled on his 
present farm the same year ; married in 
1840 to Miss Elizabeth Eahard. from 
Indiana. She was born July 17, 1822. 
They have had eleven children — William 
v., Sarah F., Eliza J., John W., Mary, 
James F., Lauretta, Martha E., Edgar 
B., Ella E. and Effa M. Eliza J., 
Mary and Martha are dead ; has held 
the office of Assessor for one year :: 
Township Trustee, one year, and School 
Director ; has 486 acres of laud ia 
Oneida Tp., and 65 acres in Elk Tp. ; he 
is a strong Republican in politics ; in 
religion a Methodist; he and his fomily 
are among the most prominent members 
of the Methodist Church in Almoral ; 
the class to which he and his family 
are connected was established in 1854 
at the Pultney School House, Elk Tp. 
In a short time it was transferred to the 
Red School House, Sec. 4, Oneida Tp. 
Mr. Cattron has led this class a good 
portion of the time since its organiza- 
tion. Since 1870, by permission of the 
Congregational Qhurch at Almoral, they 
have occupied their house and have 
preaching every otlier Sabbath. The 
two churches united make up a good 
congregation every Sabbath. They also 
hold union school. The union of the 
two churches are so general that it is 
hard to tell which is which. 



ONEIDA TOWNSHIP. 



639 



Casper W. laborer; Delaware. 

Cattron W. V. vet. surgeon ; P. 0. Earl- 
ville. 

Cheeney S. W. shoemaker ; Earlville. 

Clark D. T. tenant former ; Sec. 26 ; P. 
0. Earlville. 

Clark George, P. 0. Earlville. 

Clark N. W. tinner ; P. 0. Earlville. 

C1.EXDEXXEN JAMES, Far- 
mer ; Sec. 10; P. O. Almoral ; came 
to Iowa and Colony Township in 
1856; he was married in 1839, to 
Miss Jane Nourey, from Pennsyl- 
vania. They had eight children, three 
died ; his wife died in 1863; he was 
married again in 1864, to Miss Joanna 
Sparks, from Scotland. They had six 
children — James, John, Elmer, George, 
Isabella and Leslie B. He has 8(1 acres 
of land ; value, $3,000 ; three of his 
sons by his first wife were in the Union 
army — Thomas, John and William ; 
Thomas and John died in the service. 
William enlisted in the 6th Iowa Caval- 
ry, from Dubuque ; he lives in Warren 
Co., Iowa. 

Clendenen Robert, lab.; Sec. 10; P. 0. 
Almoral. 

Clous C. far. ; Sec. 34 ; P. 0. Earlville. 

Coe H. A. lab. ; Sec. 26 ; P. 0. Earlville. 

Coe S. H. far. ; Sec. 26 ; P. 0. Earlville. 

Coe W. C. far. ; Sec. 26 ; P. 0. Earlville. 

Cogan E. rent. ; Sec. 20 ; P. 0. Delaware. 

Cogan Phil, tenant farmer ; Sec. 20 ; P. 0. 
Delaware. 

Cogan Terance, tenant farmer ; Sec. 20 ; 
P. 0. Delaware. 

Colburn D. far. ; Sec. 26 ; P. 0. Earlville. 

Collis E. Section Boss I. C. R. R., Dela- 
ware. 

CONGER E. B. Farmer ; Sec. 9 ; P. 
0. Earlville ; born in Chittenden Co., Vt., 
Nov. 30, 1825 ; moved with his p rents 
to St. Lawrence Co., N. Y., in 1831 ; 
he came to this State and county with 
his father and James Jones in 1853, 
and they together entered 1,604 acres of 
land, the last Government land in Dela- 
ware County ; he was married in 1856 
to Miss Sarah M. Harriman, from Ver- 
mont ; they had two children — Arthur 
L., born Dec. 7, 1857 ; Joseph J., born 
March 6, 1859 ; his wife died March 6, 
1859 ; he was married again in June, 
1861, to Miss Eunice S. Goodell, from 
•New York ; she was born Dec. 24, 1861 ; 



they came to Iowa and settled on his 
present farm in 1861 ; he has 240 acres 
of land, valued at $7,000 ; he is a suc- 
cessful former and a strong Grant man. 

Cousin J. G. laborer; P. 0. Earlville. 

Cox George, far. ; Sec. 7 ; P. 0. Greeley. 

Cox James, renter; Sec. 7 ; P. 0. Greeley. 

Cruist C. H. far. ; Sec. 14 ; P. 0. Almoral. 

CRriSE JOHN, Jr. Farmer; Sec. 
12 ; P. 0. Earlville ; born in Devonshire, 
England, 1838 ; he came with his par- 
ents to this country and Du Page Co., 
111., in 1835 ; to this State and his pres- 
ent farm, in 1854 ; he was married in 
1858. to Miss Eliza Rogers, from Ene- 
land. They have eight children — Clara 
v., Elmer F., Harriet A., Lucy J., John 
L., Cora M., Luella B. and baby. Mr. 
Cruise has held the office of Township 
Trustee three years ; Township Treasur- 
er, seven years ; Assessor, one year ; he 
has 468 acres of land, valued at $18,- 
000 ; in politics, Republican. Mr. Cruise 
has a splendid farm, is a good farmer 
and keeps the finest of stock. 

Crui.se J. Sr., retired ; P. 0. Earlville. 

Cummings, E. H. far.; Sec. 25; P. 0. 
Earlville. 

DAGGETT JOSEPH, drover; P. 0. 
Earlville. 

Davis Robert, former; P. O. Delaware. 

Davey C. F. laborer ; Earlville. 

Davey G. laborer; Earlville. 

DEL,ANO A. A. Farmer, Renter ; 
Sec. 35 ; born in New York in 1812; 
be moved to this State and county in 
1870 ; he was married Nov. 5, 1832 
to Miss Julia Evans, from N. Y. ; they 
have had three children — Albert, Ann 
E., Harriet E. ; Albert died ; his wife 
died July 24, 1844 ; he was married 
again in 1846, to Miss Sarah Trexell, 
from Pa. ; they have had four children 
— Blake L., Gardner S., Martha J. and 
Charles G. ; his wife died May 24, 
1855; he was married again Jan. 17, 
1856,to Miss Marilla Michael, from Ohio; 
Blake L. enlisted in Co. B, 16th Wis., 
in March, 1864; mustered out July 2, 
1865 ; enlisted again, with the regulars, 
in 1867 ; mustered out in 1870. 

Delano B. P. 0. Earlville.. 

Deih J. retired ; P. 0. Earlville. 

Devine William, saloon keeper ; Earlville. 

DIMOND JOSIAH, Farmer; P. 
0. Earlville ; was born in Canada in 



640 



DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY: 



1836 ; he came to the States and 111. 
in 1850 ; came to this State and county 
in 1860 ; settled on his present farm in 
1875 ; he was married in 1858, to Fan- 
nie Little, from Canada ; they have had 
seven children — Richard, born Aug. 12, 
1859; Gertrude, Aug. 18, 1861 ; Stacy, 
Jan. 5, 1864 ; Emma J., Oct. 15, 1865 ; 
June, Feb. 15, 1868 ; Annie A., March, 
18, 1870 ; Josiah, Dec. 25, 1872 ; he 
has 250 acres of land, valued at S6,000. 

Dodge Geo. former; S. 8 ; P. 0. Earlville. 

Douglas John, carpenter ; Earlville. 

Dunham J. B. far. ; 8. 11 ; P. 0. Almoral. 

TpAHART A. physician ; Earlville. 

Eahart P. A. laborer ; Earlville. 

EDE S. Earlville; Mil'er and Proprie- 
tor of Plum Creek Mill ; born in Can- 
ada West April 8, 1842 ; came to this 
State and county in 1865, went to Kan- 
sas in 1868, to Wisconsin in 1871, and 
settled in his pi'esent location in 1874. 
He was married in 1868, to Miss Violet 
L. Carpenter, fr m Kansas ; she was 
born Oct. 28, 1849 ; they have four 
children — Sabra A., born May 26, 
1870; Earnest, born Dec. 13, 1871; 
Rosa B., born Feb. 9, 1873 ; Gertrude, 
born Oct. 12, 1875. He purchased 
his mill in 1874, and furnishes Earlville 
with most of the flour used, besides a 
large custom trade. 

EDE WILLIAJH, Farmer; Sec. 10; 
P. 0. Earlville ; born in p]ngland in 
1829 ; came to this country and Can- 
ada in 1831, to the States and Wiscon- 
sin in the Spring of 1864, and settled 
in this State and county and township 
the same year, and on his present farm 
in 1874. He was married in 1849 to 
Miss Isabel Van Skiver, from Canada; 
they had two children — Mary J. and 
Lena M.; his wife died in 1865 ; he 
was married again, in 1866, to Miss 
Jane Hilyar, from Canada ; they have 
had five children — William, Curtis H., 
Annie G., Nellie and baby. He has 
245 acres of land in Sec. 10, valued 
at 88,000. 

Eldridge J. E. merchant ; Earlville. 

Eldridge S. M. clerk ; Earlville. 

Enos J. B. far. ; Sec. 29 ; P. Delaware. 

Everton Geo. W. laborer ; P. 0. Earlville 

EVERTOX WIM.IA^I, Jeweler; 
Earlville; born in Westfield, Mass , Nov. 



18, 1826 ; came to Ohio in 1847 ; to In- 
diana in 1851 : located in Earlville in 
1857 ; he was married in 1852 to Mrs. 
Mary B. Emmons ; she was born in 
Lorain Co., 0., in 1830 ; they have had 
four children — Ella, born in 1853 ; 
George, born in 1855; Hattie, born in 
1861 ; Rollin, born in 1863. Mr. Ever- 
ton enlisted in the 6th Iowa Cavalry 
under Col. Wilson ; they were detailed 
to guard the frontier ; they were engaged 
in several battles with the Indians in 
Dakota Territory. He was mustered 
out in 1865 ; he held the office of Town- 
ship Clerk one year. 
FAVER A. A. commercial agent, Earl- 
ville. 

Fitzmmons, farmer ; P. O. Delaware. 

Foust Elias, farmer ; S. 2 ; P. 0. Earlville. 

Foster Jas. farmer; S. 13 ; P. 0. Earlville. 

Freeman P. tenant far. ; P. 0. Earlville. 

FFLIiER J. H. Justice of the Peace ; 
Earlville ; born in New Hampshire in 
1817 ; moved to N. Y. in 1839 ; to Keo- 
kuk, Iowa, in 1855 ; settled in Jones 
Co., this State, same year. Was engaged 
in farming and milling for 14 years ; in 
1868, he represented Jones County in 
Legislature ; he held the office of Justice 
of the Peace for Jones Co. eight years; 
he settled in Earlville in 1869 ; he was 
married in 1843 to Miss Mary A. Aus- 
tin, from N. Y. ; they had two children 
— William R. and Mary K. His wife 
died in 1849; he was married again to 
Mrs. Mandana Gordon from New Hamp- 
ton, N. H. ; they had one child — John 
B.,, born Sept., 1862 ; he was elected 
as Justice of this county in 1870 ; Mrs. 
Fuller carries on the Drug business in 
Earlville ; she keeps a fine stock of drugs, 
notions and wall paper ; her stock and 
store are kept in fine order. 

r^ ARDNER B. M. postmaster ; Dela- 

vU" ware. 

Gardner S. R. laborer ; P. 0. Delaware. 

Gared Joseph, far.; S. 23; P. O. Earlville. 

Gclespie D. far. ; S. 29 ; P. 0. Delaware. 

Goodman D. blacksmith ; Earlville. 

Goodman J. far. ; S. 25 ; P. 0. Earlville. 

Guthiel Geo. far. ; S. 7 ; P. 0. Greeley. 

HALLOCK 0. farmer; S. 35 ; P. 0. 
Earlville. 
Harper G. W. retired ; P. 0. Earlville. 
Harris E. W. retired ; P. O. Delaware. 
Harris J. S. druggist; P. 0. Earlville. 



ONEIDA TOWNSHIP. 



641 



Harris L. retired ; P. O. Earlville. 

Harvey B. L. teamster ; Earlville. 

Harvey C. S. f .r. ; S. 28 ; P. 0. Delaware. 

HASKIIV S. Physician and Surgeon ; 
Earlville. Born in Steuben Co., N. Y., 
Sept. 1,1827. Commenced his medical 
course in 1845 and '4(i at Castleton, Vt. ; 
another course of lectures at Rogers- 
ville, N. Y., in 1848. He was married 
in 1848 to Mi<s Emily E. Goes, from 
New York. They moved to Anamosa 
in 1858. He was appointed Postmaster 
at Cass Center in 1861 ; his wife, deputy. 
He was commissioned Assistant Surgeon 
of the 14th Iowa Regiment, Col. Shaw, 
in 1861 ; mustered out in 1864. His 
wife died in 1865. He came to Earl- 
ville the same year. He was married 
in 1866 to Mrs. Mattie Moulthroup, 
from Burmington, Ct. He graduated 
at Bellevue College in 186^8. The 
Doctor has a host of friends and a good 
practice. Mrs. Haskins carries on the 
millinery business, furnishing the ladies 
of Earlville with fine hats. 

Healy A. B. carpenter ; Earlville. 

Healy J. B. laborer ; P. 0. Earlville. 

HEALY MRS. E. B. Earlville. 
Born in England in 1814. She came 
to this country and Canada East at the 
at the age of 4 years with her parents. 
She was married in 1830 to Mr. J. B. 
Healy, from Canada. He was born in 
1809. Thev moved to this State and 
county in 1864. They have had four- 
teen children, five dead. Her husband 
died June 17, 1871, with cancer of 
head. She lives with her son, John B., 
Jr. He was born June 3, 1851. He 
was married in 1872 to Miss Mary A. 
Reading, from Dixon, 111. They have 
had one child — James A. ; born Oct. 5, 
1873. Mr. Healy is a carpenter by 
trade. 

Healey Robt. laborer; P. 0. Earlville. 

Hefner John, retired ; P. 0. Delaware. 

HEFNER WILLIAM M. Justice 
of the Peace and Transfer Agent for R. 
R. Cos. ; Delaware ; he wa& born in 
Indiana, April 17, 1831 ; moved to this 
State and county in 1853 ; they settled 
in Delaware in 1860 ; he was married in 
1851 to Miss Sarah A. Ball from South 
Bend, Ind. ; they had seven children — 
John W., born Aug. 25, 1852; Thomas 
A., Oct. 12, 1855; Alvin F., May 11, 



1858 ; Harlan E., July 15, 1861 ; Annie 
B., Aug. 17, 1867; James M., March 26, 
1870; Nellie W., Aug. 16, 1873; he 
was appointed Station Agent, ICxpress 
Agent and Postmaster in 1 860 ; he built 
the Delaware House that year ; he was 
elected Justice of the Peace in 1873 ; 
Township Trustee for two years ; 
they were the only family in Delaware 
that year; he has 40 acres of land in 
Milo tp. 

Henkles J. painter ; Earlville. 

Henry G. W. laborer ; P. 0. Earlville. 

Hersey James, merchant; Earlville. 

HERSEY LEWIS C.}. Dealer in 
General Merchandise ; Earlville ; deals 
extensively in grain, cattle, dressed and 
live hogs ; born in Maine, Oct. 1, 1828; 
came to this State and county in 1864 ; 
he settled on a faim in this township the 
same year ; he was married in 1854 to 
Miss Mary A. Crafts from Maine ; she 
was born Oct. 14, 1830 ; they had three 
children — Lewis T., Nellie and James 
E. ; his wife died in 1862 ; Lewis T. 
died in 1866 ; he was married again 
Feb., 1863 to Miss Flora 0. Bolster 
from INLiine ; they have had four chil- 
dren — Samuel F., Gertie, Hattie G., 
Ruth M. . Mr. Hersey owns 80 acres 
land in Sec. 25 ; he has engaged in the 
mercantile business since 1868 ; the 
firm name is Hersey, Batter & Co. ; he 
was elected to represent the county in 
the Senate in 1875 for four years ; he 
resigned in 1877 on account of business ; 
he has held office of School Director 
three years ; Tp. Treasurer two years ; 
Mr. Her.«ey has the appellation of Cattle 
King of Delaware County; a Maine man, 
very geniel, but full of business. 

Hess Peter, blacksmith ; Earlville. 

Hockaday Wm. far. ; S. 3 ; P. 0. Almoral. 

Holland W. school teacher ; Delaware. 

Holsher A. tenant far.; S. 1; P.O. Almoral. 

Horsnell S. far. ; S. 19 ; P. 0. Delaware. 

Horsnell W. peddler ; Delaware. 

Horton T. F. far. ; S. 33 ; P. 0. Delaware. 

Hulbert Yi. farmer ; S. 4 ; P. 0. Greeley. 

Hulbert Wm. farmer ; S. 4 ; P. O. Greeley. 

Hunt J. S. far. ; Sec. 32 ; P. 0. Delaware. 

Hunt M. E. far. ; S. .32 ; P. 0. Earlville. 

"TERNERSON G. teamster ; Earlville. 

Jockelin J. saloon ; Delaware. 
Jockelin Peter, loborer ; P.O. Delaware. 



642 



DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY: 



JOXES 11, C. Freight and Express 
Agent ; Earlville ; born in N. Y. July 
9, 18-47; he moved to Janesville, Wis. 

in 1858; to St. Ansgar, Iowa ; 

to Uyersville in Aug., 1875 ; settled in 
Earlville May, 1877 ; was married in 
Jan., 18(J(j, to Miss Ruth Rogers from 
Pa. ; they have threo children — Ralph 
E., born May, 1SG7; Emmett M., Aug., 
18()8; Guy, Oct. 31, 1877 ; Mr. Jones 
has been in the employ of the I. C. R. 
R. three years ; Express Company nine 
months. 

JOBfES R. It, Postmaster ; Earlville ; 
born in Wyoming Co., N. Y., Jan. 28, 
1825 ; he was engaged in farming until 
1863; he was married Nov. 13, 18-49, 
to Miss Theresa Beach, from New York ; 
she was born June 3, 1828; they have 
had two children — Mattie E., born Dec 1, 
1851 ; Nettie May, Nov. 9, I860 ; May 
died' Jan. 9, 1861 ; Mr. Jones came to 
this State and Delhi in 1855 ; purchased 
a farm of 80 acres ; settled on it in 
1856; in 1859, he purchased 120 acres 
of land in the same township ; sold his 
farm in 1863, and moved to Earlville; 
he receive i the appointment of Post 
master in Oct., 1867; he has held the 
the oifice of Township Trustee three 
years. Township Clerk two years. Con- 
stable, Assessor one year ; his daughter, 
Mattie E., was married to N. W. Clark, 
from Ohio, Oct. 29, 1871 ; Mr. Clark 
was born in Ohio in May, 18-44 ; they 
live with her parents; Mr. C. is a tinner 
by trade. 

KAHL B. F. farmer ; Sec. 2; P. 0. 
Ahuoral. 

Kahl J. former; S. 2 ; P. 0. Almoral. 

Kaizer W. tenant far ; P. O. Delaware. 

Kelley T. ten. far.; S. 12; P. 0. Earlville. 

Kelley W., Sr. tenant farmer; Sec. 12; P. 
0. Earlville. 

Kelley W., Jr. laborer ; Earlville. 

Kemper J. H. blacksmith; Delaware. 

Kenyun Ellis, far. ; S. 22 ; P. 0. Earlville. 

Ketchume E. clergyman M. E. Church ; 
P. 0. Earlville. 

KIXtiJSI.EY J. M. Farmer; Sec. 
21) ; P. O. Delaware ; born in Onondaga 
Co., N. Y., Dec. *8, 1842 ; came to Iowa 
and this county in 1867 ; settled on his 
present farm same year ; he was married 
in 1862, to Miss Martha E. Clark, of 
Onondaga Co., N. Y. ; she was born 



Jan. 21, 1843; they have had eight 
children — Robert F., born Jan. 13, 
1863; Mattie, Feb. 1, 1867; Harriet 
D., April 9, 1871; Olive, Sept. 14, 
1873; Ella May, July 20, 1875; 
Lewellen and George ; Lewellen and 
George died ; he has 80 acres of land, 
located in Fayette Co., valued at $1,600. 

Knapp F. carpenter, Earlville. 

KNOWLES J. S. Proprietor Dela- 
ware Nursery and General Agency Bus- 
iness ; born in N. H. in April 1827; 
he move 1, with his parents, to Maine in 
1828 ; to Wis., in 1846 ; he was mar- 
ried to Miss Mary L. Brown, from N. 
Y., in 1856 ; they came to Iowa and 
Dubuque in 1865 ; settled in Delaware 
Co. in 1867 ; they have had seven chil- 
dren — Eugene, born Sept. 4, 1857; 
Mary, Aug. 17, 1860 ; Frances, Sept. 
27, 1862; Lucia, Nov. 14, 1868; 
Junius, Dec. 25, 1870 ; Olive, Aug. 
•20, 1873; James, June 30, 1877; 
Olive died March 13, 1875 ; Mr K. is 
quite extensively engaged in fruit cul- 
ture ; he makes grapes and strawberries 
a specialty. 

Krenger F. farmer; S. 17; P. 0. Delaware. 

Kukuk John, far. ; S. 1 ; P. O. Earlville. 

Kukuk T. farmer ; S. 1 ; P. 0. Earlville. 
r ARNMERS H. A. clerk ; Earlville. 

Lawence C. farmer ; P. 0. Delaware. 

Lewis E. farmer ; Sec. 3 ; P. 0. Almoral. 

Lee 0. retired ; P. 0. Earlville. 

Lee R. P. 0. Earlville. 

Lisk G. T. cooper ; Earlville. 

Long A. laborer ; Earlville. 

Long G. W. far. ; S. 20 ; P. 0. Delaware. 

Long Thos. far. ; S. 13 ; P. 0. Earlville. 

Long W H. far. ; S. 20 ; P. 0. Delaware 

LONT C. B. Merchant and Farmer ; 
P. 0. Delaware ; born in Madison Co., 
N. Y., 1832 ; he was married in 1855 to 
Miss Harriet Peckham, from New York ; 
they have had two children — Minnie A., 
born April 12, 1859; Harriet, born 
June 16, 1871 ; Harriet died July 3, 
1871; they moved to this State and 
county in 1867, and settled on his 
present farm the same year ; he has 377 
acres of land, located in Sec. 12, Milo 
Tp. ; he held the office of Assessor of 
Milo Tp. one year. Township Trustee 
four years. He settled in Delaware in 
1876 ; he holds the position of Assignee 



ONEIDA TOWNSHIP. 



643 



for the Delaware Co. Grange Store ; as- 
signment was made July 1, 1878; he 
has bten connected with the Grrange 
Store since IST-t; he holds the position 
of Treasurer of the Delaware Co. Fire 
and Lightning Ins. Co. 

Lough J. P. liveryman ; Delaware. 

Luckinbill S. P. painter ; Earlville. 

Lux John, dealer in agl. imps. ; Earlville. 

M'CORMIC THOS. sec. hand I. C. 
R. R. ; Earlville. 

Mack J. H. tailor ; Earlville. 

Mallory H. J. lab. ; Sec. 22 ; P.O. Earlville. 

Mallory J. E. laborer ; Delaware. 

Marshall F. grain buyer ; Delaware. 

Mathews G. W. farmer ; Sec. 1 ; P. 0. 
Earlville. 

MATTHEWS JAS. B. Editor 
Earlville Record and Alden Neios ; 
Earlville; born in Lockport, N. Y., Oct. 
12, 1825 ; moved to Ohio in 1836 ; to 
Chicago in 1860; to Liwa in 1865; to 
Alden in 1866, when he commenced 
publishing the Alden News in 1873, 
which paper he still publishes ; settled 
in Earlville Dec. 19, 1877 ; commenecd 
the publishing of the Earlville Record 
same date. He was married in 1851 to 
Miss Margaret Newman, from Ohio ; she 
■was born in St. John, N. B., July 24, 
1826 ; they have three children — J. 
Arthur, May E., Frank H. His son 
J. A. Matthews, is in partnership with 
him in the publishing of the Earlville 
Record and the Alden News ; both 
papers are published from the Earlville 
office. Mr, Matthews has followed the 
business of printer thirty-four years. 

Mead J. D. sec. hand I. C. R. R. ; Earl- 
ville. 

Mead 0. sec. hand L C. R. R. ; Earlville. 

Meader Jno. carpenter ; Delaware. 

Mearder E. L. carpenter ; Delaware. 

MEDLAND JOH:^^, P. 0. Earlville ; 
born in England, Cornwall Co., Sept. 4, 
1827 ; came to this country and Du Page 
Co. in 1852 ; to Iowa and this county in 
1865 ; settled on his present farm in the 
same year; he was married in 1852, to 
Miss Catherine Sleep, from England ; 
she was born Oct. 25, 1828; they have 
tad six children — Jemima G., born 
March 16, 1855; Mary E., burn Nov. 
24, 1860; William S., born May 8, 
1862; Luella L, born Nov. 4, 1864; 
John S., born Jan. 2, 1867 ; Francilla 



v., March 2, 1870 ; he has 170 acres of 
land, valued at $5,000 ; he has held 
office of School Director four years, and 
Road Supervisor four years. 

MERRY H. C. Farmer ; See. 23 ; P. 
0. P]arlville ; born in New York July 
16, 1814; lived there seventeen years; 
moved to Ohio in 1833; to Iowa and 
Elk Township, 1857 ; settled on his 
present farm in 1866 ; he was married, 
in 1838, to Miss Parmelia Trowbridge, 
from Ohio ; she was born in New York 
Jan. 1, 1817 ; they have had six chil- 
dren — Martha E., Adeline, John P., 
Henry J., Carrie and Willie ; Adeline 
and Willie died ; John F. enlisted in 
Co. K, 21st Regt. Iowa V. I., in 1862 ; 
mustered out on account of sickness in 
1863 ; he re-enlisted in the 100 days' 
service ; he is now engaged in the mer- 
cantile business in Manchester. Mr. 
Merry held the office of Justice of the 
Peace of Elk Township seven years ; 
School Director seven years ; Assessor of 
Oneida Township, three years ; he has 
80 acres of land. Mrs. Merry's father, 
John Trowbridge, lives with them ; he 
is 88 years old. 

Merry H. J. flir. ; Sec. 23 ; P. 0. Earlville. 

MERTEN W. H. Clerk ; Earlville ; 
born in Colony Township, Delaware Co., 
la., in 1845 ; he lived there six years ; his 
father became itinerant preacher for the 
M. E. Church in 1851 ; they spent the 
time until 1862 in Iowa, Wisconsin and 
Illinois ; he attended school at Baldwin 
University, Berea, Ohio ; in 1863 and 
■1864, he moved to Missouri ; in the 
Spring of 1864, he engaged in the nurs 
ery business ; he enlisted in the Fall of 
1864, in Co. B, 43d Mo. V. L ; mus- 
tered out in Aug., 1865, closed out hia 
nursery and came to Iowa in 1866 ; 
he taught school two years ; purchased a 
farm in 1867 ; he was married in Oct., 
1868, to Miss Kate Seeley, from Wis- 
consin. They had two children — Eddie 
F., born Oct., 1870; Clara Alice, born 
Jan. 4, 1874; his wife died Oct. 1, 
1876 ; he was elected to the office of 
County Superintendent of Schools in the 
Fall of 1871 ; held it four years ; in pol- 
itics, Rep. ; religion, Meth. 

Metzler J. retired; P. 0. Earlville. 

MITCH JOSEPH, Shoemaker; 
Earlville ; born in Germany, 1827 ; 



644 



DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY 



came 1o this country and New York, 
1853 ; to Galena in 1855. He enlisted 
in Co. F, 12th Reg. I. V. I., in the 
Spring of 1861. He was in sev- 
eral severe engagements ; he was 
wounded in battle of Corinth ; mustered 
out in 1865. Was married in August, 
1865, to Miss Barbara Foro, from Ger- 
many ; settled in Earlville, 1870; they 
have five children — John J., Lizzie M., 
Joseph C, Frank F. and Bertha. Be- 
publican ; Catholic. 
Moran D. W. lab.; P. 0. Delaware. 

MORELAWD DAVID W. farm 

er ; Sec. 5 ; P. 0. J]arlville ; born in 
Colony Township, Delaware Co.. Dec. 
27, 1844. He was married March 6, 
1868, to Miss Anna S. Earl, from Earl- 
ville ; she is the daughter oi" Geo. M. 
Earl, founder of Earlville, in 1857 ; she 
was born January 25, 1846 ; they set- 
tled in Oneida Township, 1868; they 
have had two children — Mary E., born 
April 26, 1869, and Charles S., July 9, 
1871. Mr. M. enlisted in 1861, in the 
12th Reg. I. V. I., Col. Woods ; he 
was wounded in the battle of Shiloh 
and taken prisoner April 6,1862; he 
was held as a prisoner six months and 
seventeen days ; mustered out in Janu- 
ary, 1866. He has eighty-seven acres 
of land, valued at S3,fl00. 

Morisey G. H. retired ; P. 0. Earlville. 

MORTON E. L. Harness Maker; 
Earlville ; born in Ohio, Aug. 26, 1840 ; 
moved to Michigan in 1868 ; came to 
this State and Manchester, 1869 ; settled 
in Earlville in March of same year. He 
was married Oct. 5, 1872, to Miss Em- 
ma Walker, of Earlville, Delaware Co., 
Iowa; she was born Jan. 10, 1850. 
Mr. Morton enlisted in the lat<^ war, as 
Sergeant in Co. A, 3d Ohio Cavalry. 
He was in several important engage- 
ments; mustered out in 1863, on account 
of sickness. 

NICHOLSON JOHN, retired; P. 0. 
Earlville. 
NEW€OMB M. V. Harness Maker; 
Almoral ; was born in Pennsylvania in 
1834 ; he came to this State and county 
in 1860; moved to Green County ,Wis., 
in 1861. Was married in 1861 to Miss 
Rozeltha Taylor, from W^isconsin ; she 
was born Dec. 26, 1842 ; then went to 
Minnesota same year. They were driven 



from their home during the Indian mas- 
sacre, Aug. 28,1862, losing everything. 
They came to Earlville and settled that 
Fall. He has held the office of Town- 
ship Clerk six years ; Assessor one year. 
They have had three children — Edwin 
M., born Aug. 5, 1862 ; Jennie B., 
born Sept. 12, 1864; Blanche J., born 
April 28, 1873. He has charge of the 
Almoral Creamery for tbis year. 

O'CONNELL DENNIS, laborer; P. 0. 
Earlville. 
OTTO AUGUST, Carriage and 
W^agon Maker; P. 0. Earlville; born 
in Germany, 1833; came to this 
country and Dubuque in 1865 ; he was 
in the employ of the Northwestern Car- 
riage Factory six years ; he was married 
in 1871 to Miss Anna B. Schaller. She 
was born in Germany, July 20, 1852. 
They have had three children — Augusta 
E., born Oct. 30, 1872 ; Charles. Nov. 
4, 1873 ; Caroline E., May 4, 1874, 
They settled in Earlville in 1874 ; Mr. 
Otto learned his trade in Germany ; he 
is a first-class workman ; is in partner- 
ship with John Young in the manu- 
facturing of carriages, wagons and fine 
sleighs. 

PALMER T. H. farmer; P. 0. Earl- 
ville. 
PAL,MER T. C. Farmer; P. 0. 
Earlville ; born in Addison Co., Vt., 
Jan. 26, 1812 ; moved to Warren Co., 
N. Y., in 1832, then to Chautauqua Co. 
in 1833; to Ashtabula Co., Ohio, in 
1835, to Wisconsin in 1844, to Clayton 
Co., Iowa, in 1854 ; they settled in Earl- 
ville in 1870 ; they made all their moves 
with his own team ; he was married in 
1831 to Miss R. Phinney, from Ver- 
mont. She was born April 26, 1813 ; 
they have five children — Lucy, born 
March 22, 1833; Laura R., Feb. 25, 
1837 ; Wm. T., June 28, 1841 ; Thalia, 
Aug. 2, 1843; Frances P., April 3, 
1847. Mr. Palmer held the office of 
Postmaster in Segil, Clayton Co., for 
four years. His son, Wm. T., enlisted 
in Co. A, 47th Regt. I. V. 1. May 
10, 1864; mustered out Sept. 28, 1864, 
on account of sickness. Their daughters 
Mrs. Lucy Southworth and Mrs. Thalia 
Rhodes, reside in Colorado ; their twa 
sons are farmers in Clayton Co. Their 
daughter, Mrs. Laura Knapp, was mar- 



ONEIDA TOWNSHIP. 



645 



ried Aug. 3, 1876, to Wm. Grannis, 
from Dubuque. He is engaged as com- 
mercial traveler ; he was born in Erie 
Co., N. Y., Dec. 16, 1821 ; moved to 
Iowa, and Strawberry Point, Clayton 
Co., in 1850; he enlisted in Co. D, 
21st Regt. I. V. I. in 1862 as Lieuten- 
ant; mustered out as Captain. He was 
in all the battles at the seige of Vicks- 
burg. Dr. Wm. T. Knapp, of Gutten- 
burg, Iowa, is the son of Mrs. Grannis 
by her former husband ; was born Jan. 
3, 1854. 

Parker E. D. railroad man ; Earlville. 

PARKER G. W. Farmer ; Sec. 5 ; 
P. 0. Greeley ; born in Canada East in 
1839 ; came to the States and Wiscon- 
sin in 1860, to Iowa and Honey Creek 
Township in the Fall of 1861 ; settled 
on his present farm in 1867. He was 
married April 10, 1866, to Miss Mary 
J. Fosselman, from Ohio ; children are 
Herbert E.,born July 5, 1867, Jas. H. 
born June 6, 1 861) ; has 170 acres of land, 
valued at $5,000 ; has held the office of 
Road Supervisor one year ; Republican 
in politics ; his grandfather was in the 
Revolutionary war five years and seven 
months, and died when 99 years of age. 

Parker L. farmer ; S. 2 ; P. 0. Greeley. 

PARKER SAMIJEL.F. Commer- 
cial Agent ; Earlville ; born in Ken- 
tucky in 1819 ; he came to Iowa and 
Fort Madison Jan. 2, 1838, to Jackson 
Co., Iowa, in 1842, to Rockford, 111., in 
1844, to Belvidere, HI., in 1848. He 
was married in 1846 to Miss Sarah A. 
Hitchcock, from Rockford ; they had 
two children — George M. and Joseph 
F.; his wife died in August, 1850 ; he 
was married again in 1 852 to Miss Mary 
J. Caswell, from Belvidere ; they had 
four children — Edwin D., Samuel R., 
James 0., William H. James 0. died 
Jan. 12, 1877, and Samuel R. was 
drowned in Silver Lake, near Delhi, 
while skating, Dec. 6, 1866. He came 
to Iowa and this county, Dellii, in 1854, 
and to Earlville in 1869 ; he held the 
office of Deputy Sheriff two years, and 
the office of SheriiF two years and five 
months ; Mr. P. has followed the busi- 
ness of Commercial Agent thirteen 
years ; Mrs. P. is agent of the new A. 
M. Sewing Machine; she is the boss 
saleswoman of the county. 



Parris D. farmer ; S. 32 ; P. 0. Delaware 

Patten R. fajmer ; S. 11 ; P. 0. Almoral. 

Phelps F. laborer ; P. 0. Delaware. 

Phelps R. retired; P.O. Delaware. 

Pierce B. laborer ; P. 0. Earlville. 

Pierce H. harness maker, Earlville. 

PIERCE DR. H. H. Physician, 
Delaware; born in Rutland, Vt., Oct. 
16, 1847 ; he commenced the study of 
medicine in 1867, at Rutland, Vt. ; he 
graduated at Burlington, Vt., 1870; 
commenced practice the same year ; 
came to Iowa and Delaware Co. in 187L 
He was married in 1873, to Miss Sarah 
Ruggles, from Rutland, Vt. They have 
two children — Lewis H. born June 22, 
1874, and Minnie R. born June 4, 1876. 
He holds the office of Co. Coroner. He 
has quite an extensive practice. 

Pierce L. L. harness maker, Earlville. 

Pierce M. farmer, Sec. 31; P. 0. Delaware. 

POTTER JOHX T. Dry Goods and 
Grocery Merchant, Earlville ; born in 
Boston, in 1847 ; was engaged as com- 
mercial traveler from 1863 to 1877. 
He was married in 1873, to MisS Lillie 
W. Stevens, from Lynn, Mass. ; she 
was born Jan. 9, 1854. They have had 
one child, Arthur S. born Jan. il, 1874. 
Mr. Potter represented the house of 
Mitchell, Green & Stevens 13 years; 
is now in partnership with Messrs. Her- 
sey & Birdsell, in general merchandise. 

Preston N. S. tenant fiir. P. 0. Delaware. 

Prusser J. F. laborer, P. 0. Delaware. 

RECTOR A. J. farmer ; Sec. 24 ; P. 
0. Earlville. 

Rector Geo. E. school teacher, Earlville. 

Rector J. U. far. ; Sec. 4; P. 0. Greeley. 

REDING A. T. Foreman of Bridge 
Department I. C. R. R., Earlville; born 
in Washington Co., Penn., April 23, 
1840 ; moved to Indiana in 1857. He 
was married to Miss M. E. Martz, in 
1859, from Ohio ; she was born in 
Wayne Co., Ohio, Dec.' 16, 1843. They 
have had two children, Lewis C. born 
March 20, 1861 ; Nellie B. born April 
14, 1873. They moved to Dixon, 111., 
in 1866 ; he was there employed as 
bridge builder ; came to Earlville March 
1870, in same business; was promoted 
to foreman of the Bridge Dept. in 1874. 

Reeder James, far. ; S. 35 ; P. O. Earlville. 

Richmond J. S. farmer; S. 34; P. 0. Earl- 
ville. 



646 



DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY 



Richmond M* J. B. farmer ; S. 34 ; P. 0. 
Earlville. 

Roirers Thos. Sr. fur. ; S. 12 ; P. 0. Earl- 
ville. 

Rollins C. \y. tar. ; S. 31 ; P. 0. Delaware. 

Rundell (^has. far. ; S. 26 ; P. 0. Earlville. 

RUNDELL. CHARLES, Farmer 
and Dealer in xlgrieultural Implements ; 
P. 0. Earlville ; born in Herkimer Co., 
N. Y., Au.iT. 8, 18U8. They came to 
Iowa and Dubuque Co. in 1866; to 
this county in 1869. Settled on his 
present farm in 1877. He was married 
Aug. 13, 1830, to Miss Catherine 
House, from New York. They had 
five children — Edwin, James S., Charles 
L., Ann, Birney. James S., Ann and 
Birney are dead. Charles L. was born 
July 5, 1836. He was married in 
1858 to Miss Rebecca Bence, from Jef- 
ferson Co., N. Y. They have had four 
children — Ida M., Don C, Grretchen, 
pjdwin A. They live with their par- 
ents. Together they carry on the agi*i- 
cultural and implement business. They 
have 200 acres of land in S. 34, valued 
at $5,000. Charles L. enlisted in the 
Spring of 1862 in the 94th N. Y. Regt. ; 
was transferred to the 10th N. Y. Artil- 
lery ; mustered out in Dec, 1865; 
engaged in the siege of Fort Wagner 
and Sumpter. 

Ryan J. section hand ; Earlville. 

SACKETT C. P. tenant farmer ; S. 6 ; 
P. 0. Greeley. 
Sackett L. A. tenant farmer ; S. 6 ; P. 0. 

Greeley. 
Sackett M. W. tenant farmer ; S. 6 ; P. 0. 

Greeley. 
Sackett W. P. tenant farmer ; S. 6 ; P. 0. 

Greeley. 
Sandercock John, renter ; S. 3 ; P. ' 0. 

Almoral. 
Sandercock S. laborer; Earlville. 

SANDERCOCK WALTER S. 

Farmer; Sec. 26; P. 0. Earlville; born 
in Cornwall Co., England, 1817; came 
to this country and Cook Co., 111., in 
1845; to Iowa and Delaware Co., 1855 ; 
settled on his present farm in 1870; he 
was married in 1845 to MLss Ann 
Palmer, from England ; they have had 
nine children, four living — Catherine 
G., born Jan. 14, 1852 ; John T., born 
Oct. 25, 1853; Samuel, born July 3, 
1855 ; Walter Y., born July 2, 1862 ; 



Catherine G. was born a mute. Mr. S. 
has held the office of School Director 
three years ; Road Supervisor one 
year ; Republican ; Methodist. He has 
129 acres of land, valued at $4,000. 
Sayers , retired ; Earlville. 

SCHIIRERT CHAS. Wagon 

Maker ; Earlville ; born in Germany in 
1843 ; came to this country and Ohio, 
1852 ; to this State and Linn Co., 1855 ; 
to Dubuque in 1857 ; enlisted in ('o. F. 
5th la. Cavalry in 1864, under Gen. 
Thomas; mustered out in 18^5 ; married 
in 1865 to Mrs. Elizabeth Brooks, from 
Canada; she was born in 1840 ; she has 
one child by her former husband — Nel- 
lie Brooks, born Jan. 21, 1865. He 
spent four years in Delhi ; he settled in 
Earlville in 1869 ; he is in partnership 
with T. P. Hass in manufacturing wagons 
and carriages ; they manufacture good 
goods, and have a ready sale. 

Scott A. B. far. ; Sec. 13 ; P. 0. Earlville. 

SCOTT A. R. Farmer; Sec. 10 ; P. 
0. Almoral; born in Otsego Co., N. Y., 
Oct. 21, 1843 ; came with his parents to 
Iowa and Delaware Co., in 1853; settled 
on his present farm in 1876. He was 
married in 1866 to Miss Mary Rogers, 
from England; she was born Sept. 21, 
1846; they have had three children — 
Austin T., born Jan. 11, 1868 ; Frank- 
lin D., born Sept. 5, 1871 ; Sherman, 
born March 9, 1873. He has 80 acres 
of land, valued at $3,000 ; has held the 
office of School Director one year. He 
enlisted in Co. H, 21st la. V. I., 1862 ; 
he was engaged in the battles of Big 
Black River Bridge, Port Gibson, Cham- 
pion Hill, Jackson, Vicksburg, Spanish 
Fort and Blakely ; he had four brothers 
in the same company with him ; he was 
mustered out July, 1865; they all es- 
caped without a wound. 

SCOTT S. A. Farmer ; Sec. 13 ; P. 
0. Earlville ; he was born in Kane Co., 
Penn., Sept. 18, 1828 ; he came with 
his parents to Ohio in 1838 ; to Illinois 
in 1842 ; to this State and county in 
1851. Settled on his present farm in 
same year. Was married March 27, 
1856, to Miss Matilda LeGassick ; she 
was born in England Nov. 24, 1836. 
He was the first Township Clerk of 
Oneida Township ; has held the office 
of Assessor three years, and School Di- 



ONEIDA TOWNSHIP 



647 



rector four years. Mr. Scott is one of 
the earliest settlers in the county. He 
has 130 acres of land in Sees. 13 and 
24. Independent. 

Scott A. R. P. 0. Earlville. 

I^EGER E. A. Farmer; Sec. 17; 
P. 0. Delaware ; was born in St. Law- 
rence Co., N. Y., March 27, 1837 ; 
came to Iowa and this county in 1854 ; 
settled on his present farm in 1868. 
Married Miss Sylvia R. Gates, from 
Earlville, in 1863. He has 140 acres* 
of land, valued at $5,000. Has held 
the office of Constable two years ; Road 
Supervisor two years. His father, Joel 
Seger, came to Iowa at the same time 
he is settled in Earlville. They are 
among the earliest settlers of the county. 
The railroad extended only to Scales 
Mound ; they came by team from there. 

Segar J. retired ; P. O. Earlville. 

.SEGER L.. G. Farmer; Sees. 15 and 
16; P. 0. Earlville; born in Rutland 
Co., Vt., 1827 ; moved with his parents 
to St. Lawrence Co., N. Y., 1829 ; to 
Iowa and his present farm in 1854. He 
was married in 1849, to Miss Sarah 
Akin from St. Lawrence Co., N. Y. ; 
the children are Martha A., Hattie S., 
boru February, 1856 ; Iowa D., born in 
1860 ; Alvira N., born 1862 ; Edmond 
D., born August 1, 1865 ; Adelaide M., 
born September, 1867 ; Fred. H., born 
March, 1870; Frank J., born Septem- 
ber, 1872; Alfred D., born February, 
1858; Alfred was drowned in 1860; 
Lorena, born October, 1874 ; Mabel, 
born August, 1876. Mr. S. has held' 
the office of School Director one year, 
and Presidant of the School Board one 
year. He has 400 acres of land valued 
at $12,000. Republican; Protestant. 

Shaw W. VV. farmer ; P. O. Earlville. 

Sims C. A. laborer ; P. 0. Earlville. 

Sims T. L. teamster ; Earlville. 

Sisson H. B. tenant farmer; Sec. 33 ; P. 
0. Delaware. 

Sisson J. F. tenant farmer : Sec. 28 ; P. 
0. Delaware. 

Snow N. laborer; P. 0. Delaware. 

Spear Isaac, laborer ; P. 0. Delaware. 

Sprague G. W. hotel proprietor; P. 0. 
Delaware. 

STAEHL.E GEORGE, Hardware 
and Lumber Merchant ; Earlville ; born 
in the Province of Alsace, France, 



Aug. 10, 1831 ; came to this country 
and New York City in 1849. Was mar- 
married, in 1854, to Miss Sallie Weber, 
from Wayne Co., N. Y.; born in 1830 ; 
he moved to Dubuque in 1854, and was 
engaged as clerk in the hardware store 
of Andrews & Tredway seventeen years; 
he settled in Earlville in 1872 ; they 
have nine children — George, Annie, 
William, Elizabeth, Charles, Jennie, 
Albert, Emma, Bertha. He was elected 
Supervisor, in Delaware County, in 
1876. By constant application to busi- 
ness and economy, with fair dealing, Mr. 
S. has secured to himself a good trade 
and the high esteem of his fellow men. 

Stephens L. 0. farmer ; P. 0. Almoral. 

Steiman C. far.; S. 19 ; P. 0. Delaware. 

Strickland A. far.; S. 11; P. 0. Almoral. 

Strickland J. A. far.; S. 11 ; P. 0. Almoral. 

STRICKIiAXD W. G. Farmer; 
S. 11; P. 0. Almoral; born in Am- 
herst, Mass., in 1821. He moved to 
this State and county in 1856; settled 
on his present farm the same year. He 
was married in 1844 to Miss Mary 
A. Lewis, from Middletown, Ct. They 
had two children — Francis and Arthur 
H. His wife died Sept. 24, 1849. He 
was married again Oct. 1, 1850, to 
Miss Eunice W. Puffer, from Massa- 
chusetts. She was born Feb. 18, 1822. 
They had five children, three dead. 
Living — Josiah A., born Sept. 12, 
1855; Edward G., born Jan. 4, 1861. 
He held the office of Assessor one 
year ; School Director six years ; Presi- 
dent School Board one year. He has 
200 acres of land in Sees. 14 and 15. 
Mr. Strickland was led to locate in 
Almoral through the " Stafford Western 
Emigration Co." He is the only mem- 
ber now living in the county of the first 
company. He is the President of the 
Almoral Dairymen's Co. The prospects 
of the future of the company are more 
.flattering than in the past. He has 
acted as Deacon of the Congregational 
Church since Nov., 1857. 

STRIXGHAM J. A. Druggist, 
and Freight and Ticket Agent for the 
D. & N. W. R. R., Delaware. Born in 
Windsor, N. Y., July 20, 1841. Served 
three years in the war of the rebellion 
in the 89thN. Y. Vol's. Hewasniarried 
in 1872 to Miss Hattie M. Haller, o 



648 



DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY; 



Delaware. They have had two children 
— Adin H., born Sept. 17, 1874 ; Frank 
H., born July 2, 1877. He is inter- 
ested in the druc; business in Delaware. 
Finn name, Strinp;ham & Carlin. 

Stork E. M. lab.; S. 12 ; P. 0. Earlville. 

Sullivan J. flirmer ; S. 10 ; P. O. Almoral. 

SUI.LIVAN J. W. Farmer; S. 32; 
P. 0. Delaware. Born in New York 
Nov. 10, 1822. He spent five years 
sailing on the ocean and lakes. He 
moved to Chicago in 1852 ; to Milwau- 
kee in 1855; was married to Miss 
Mary Breen. from Milwaukee, in 1^56. 
Returned to Chicago the same year ; 
was engaged from 1857 to 1873 as 
general caterer for the Tremont House. 
He hept the Atlantic Hotel in partner- 
ship with W. S. Newman two years. 
They moved to Iowa and settled on 
their present farm in 1876. They have 
had three children — Charles B., born 
Feb. 1, 1863; James F., born Aug. 3, 
1865; Mary E., born May 28, 1872. 
He has held the office of School Direc- 
tor. He has 100 acres of land in Sec. 
32, 80 acres in Sec. 33, Delhi Tp. 

r-pHIBADIAN PP]TER, tenant farmer; 

_L P. 0. Earlville. 

Trowbridge John, retired ; Earlville. 

TAYLOR J. B. Liveryman ; Earl- 
ville ; born in Ohio April 3, 1830; 
moved to Indiana in 1844, to this State, 
Greeley Township and Oneida Township, 
in 1855, and engaged in the mercantile 
business; he moved to Earlville in 1859, 
when he connected the grain business 
with his mercantile business, which he 
closed out in 1870, devoting his time to 
the grain trade until 1872, since which 
time he has carried on the livery busi- 
ness ; he was elected to the office of 
Constable in 1876. He was married in 
1851, to Miss M. J. Eahart, from Indi- 
ana, where she was born in 1831 ; they 
have had two children — Sophronia A., 
born in June, 1852, and was married in 
1871, to C. A. Gillam, who holds the 
office of Express Agent, at Independ- 
ence, Iowa ; William W., born Novem- 
ber, 1855, married in 1874, and lives 
with his father. 

YAN VALKENBURG B. J.; P. 0. 
Earlville. 
Vanwagenen John, laborer; Earlville. 
Vanwagenen R. H. retired; Earlville. 



Valsey Chas. fixrmer ; S. 9 ; P. 0. Greeley. 

VOIT ADAM, Meat Market and 
Pork Packer; Earlville; born in Aus- 
tria, Feb. 2, 1837 ; moved to this 
country and Chicago in 1864 ; settled 
in Earlville in 1871. He was married 
June 21, 1877, to Miss Werkmeister, of 
Earlville. By close attention to busi- 
ness, and determination to please, he has 
worked up a fine business. 

WALDO L. H. farmer ; Sec. 23 ; P. 
0. Earlville. 

Warren W. far. ; Sec. 10 ; P. O. Almoral. 

Wasson W. mason ; Delaware. 

Weaver H. D. clergyman ; Delaware. 

Webb John, fir. ; Sec. 12 ; P. 0. Almoral. 

Webb L. far. ; Sec. 12 ; P. 0. Delaware. 

Webb T. J. P. 0. Delaware. 

Webb \Vm. farmer ; Sec. 12; P. O. Dela- 
ware. 

WERKMEISTER F. Furniture 
Business ; born in Baden, Prussia, in 
1829; came to this country and New 
York in 1850; to Dubuque in 1857; 
settled in Earlville in 1872 ; he was 
married in 1852 to Miss Judith Web- 
ber ; she was born in Prussia in 1829 
they have had ten children — Laura W. 
born June 6, 1853 ; Caroline, burn Sept 
10, 1854 ; John B., born Oct. 10, 1856 
Charles, Oct 10,1856; Emma, Sept 
19, 1857 : Elizabeth, Oct. 29, 1859 ; Ida 
April 20, 1862; John B., April 25 
1864; Frank J., in Aug., 1806; Will- 
iam, Oct. 29, 1871. Wm., John B.. 
Charles and Frank J., died. He held 
the office of School Director four years. 

Westlake E. P. laborer ; P. 0. Earlville. 

Westlake Geo. farmer ; P. 0. Earlville. 

Wheeler A. retired ; P. 0. Earlville. 

WHEEIiER M. A. MRS. Pro 

prietress Earlville House ; Earlville ; 
born in Greene Co., N. Y., March 30, 
1840 ; she moved with her parents to 
Walworth Co., Wis., in 1850; they 
came to Belvidere, 111., in 1852 ; to thus 
State and county in 1854; she was 
married in 1864 to Eugene Wheeler, 
from New York ; he had two sons by 
his first wife — Spencer W., born March 
3, 1857 ; Chauncey E., Sept. 8, 1860. 
They had two children — Etna, born Jan. 
3, 1866 ; Frank D. born Oct. 30, 1870 ; 
Etna died Aug. 6, 1869 ; Mr. Wheeler 
died Jan. 30, 1876 ; her son, Spencer 
W., assists her in carrying on the hotel ; 



HONEY CREEK TOWNSHIP. 



649 



Chauncey E. is employed as night oper- 
ator for the I. C 11. R., at Manchester, 
Iowa. 

Wheelock J. E. school teacher, Earlville. 

White C. T. painter, I]arlville. 

WHITE H. B. painter, Earlville 
born in Geauga Co., Ohio, Nov. 5, 185U 
came to Iowa and McGregor in 1858 
to Delaware Co. and this township in 
1866; to Earlville in 1874. Married 
in 1873 to Miss Matilda Luckinbill from 
Penn. ; she was born Nov. 4, 1852. 
Had one child, Frankie May, born May 
18, 1875. Mr. White is a first-class 
workman ; he makes carriage and wagon 
work a specialty ; does some house paint- 
ing ; painted the inside work of the 
Congregational Church. 

Williams E. W. laborer ; P. 0. Earlville. 

WIL.LIAMS CJEORGE G. Har 
ness Maker, Earlville; born Jan. 16, 
1825 ; moved to De Kalb Co., 111., in 
1840; settled in Kingston Township 
when there were only six families in the 
township ; came to Iowa and Earlville 
in 1860. He was married in 1851 to 
Miss A. F. Scott, from Ohio ; she died 
in 1870. He was married to Mrs. 
Blanche Morse, from Virginia, in 1872. 
They have had two children — Kate, born 
Dec. 25, 1873 ; George Roy, born Feb. 
18, 1876. He held the office of Town 
Clerk three years ; Town Trustee two 
years; As-iessor oneyear; School Director 
six years ; he kept grocery for five years ; 
proprietor of harness shop from 1869 
to 1877 ; has 96 acres of land, Sec. 35 ; 
carries the mail to Almoral three times 
per week. 

Williams J. R. clerk, Earlville. 

Williamson Z. A. tenant far.; S. 4; P. 0. 
Greeley. 

Wilson M. E. laborer; P. 0. Earlville. 

WIIiSON M. E. MRS. Earlville; 
born in Orange Co., N. Y., July 28, 



1831 ; she was married Feb. 13, 1849, 
to Mr. William Wilson, from Orange 
Co., N. Y.; he was born Oct. 14, 1822. 
They came to this State and Co. in 
1854. They have had three children, 
Mary F., born Oct. 24, 1850; Merritt 
H., born Dec. 7, 1855 ; Mary F. was 
married to S. W. Orinna Dec. 3, 1863. 
Mr. Wilson died Dec. 5, 1877, after 
sixteen months severe sickness. They 
are among the earliest settlers of the 
county ; he was a stone cutter by trade ; 
he followed farming since he came West. 

Wilson Thos. farmer ; Sec. 9 ; P. 0. Al- 
moral. 

YOUNG JOHN, Blacksmith ; 
Earlville ; born in Germany, Feb. 
4, 1849 ; came to this county and Du- 
buque in 1854. Was married in 1870 
to Miss Amelia Liebe, from Germany* 
they have five children — Frank H., 
George, John H., Amelia, Fred. C. Mr. 
Young learned his trade in Dubuque. 
He settled in Earlville Oct. 10, 1872. 
He has been in partnership with A. 
Otto in manufacturing of wagons, car- 
riages and sleighs since 1874. Mr. 
Young is a No. 1 workman. 

r XIBATH M. saloon keeper; Delaware. 

ZOIMERiriAN R. Restaurant and 
Billiard Hall ; Earlville ; born in Baden, 
Germany, March 25, 1834 ; came to this 
country and Cleveland, 0., in 1854; to 
Milwaukee, Wis., 1855; to Dubuque, 
1863 ; settled in Earlville in 1869. Mar- 
ried in 1859 to Miss Catherine Ternes, 
from Prussia; she was born May 19, 
1833; they have three children — Louisa, 
born Feb. 2, 1860 ; Augusta, July 4, 
1863 ; and Clara, March 3, 1839. Mr. 
Z. was engaged in tailoring eight years 
in Milwaukee, six years in Dubuque, 
five years in Earlville. 

Zitzman W. far.; S. 18; P. 0. Delaware. 



HONEY CREEK TOWNSHIP. 



ADAMS L. H. farmer ; Sec. 10 ; P. 
0. Edgewood. 
Adams H. P. farmer; Sec. 10; P. O. 

Edgewood. 
Alcorn A. L. farmer ; Sec. 3 ; P. 0. 
Edgewood. 



Alcorn J. K. farmer ; Sec. 3 ; P. 0. 
Edgewood. 

AI^GER H. R. Farmer ; Sec. 1 ; P. 
0. Edgewood ; was born in Ontario Co , 
N. Y., Aug. 27, 1812. Married Ange- 
line Northrup, Jan. 17, 1843 ; she was 



650 



DIRECTORY OF DELAAVARE COUNTY : 



born in Rochester, N. Y., August 26, 
1823; they lived in Ontario County 
until 1845, when they emigrated to this 
county, first settling on his present form 
of 230 acres, valued at $7,000. Myron, 
born Feb. 22, 18-1:4; Eli, Oct. 1, 1847, 
died in 1864 ; Ann E., Jan. 20, 1854; 
Effie, April 21, 1862, are their children. 

Alger iM. H. far.; S. 1 ; P. 0. Edgewood. 

An'nis A. far.; Sec. 2; P.O. Edgewood. 

Annis H. far.; Sec. 2; P. 0. Edgewood. 

Avery C. lab.; Sec. 34 ; P. 0. Manchester. 

BAKR EDWARD, farratr; Sec. 7 ; 
P. 0. Eduewood. 

Barr D. ftir.; Sec. 17 ; P. 0. Manchester. 

Barr H. far.; Sec. 6 ; P. 0. Manchester. 

Barr J. C. far.; Sec. 7 ; P. 0. Manchester. 

Barr James, Sr., farmer ; Sec. 7 ; P. 0. 
^lanchester. 

BARR JAMES H. Farmer ; Sec. 
6 ; P. 0. Edgewood ; born in Ireland 
May 31, 1826; emigrated and settled 
in Canada West, where he remained un- 
til 1855 ; engaged in teaching the Nor- 
mal School. 

Barr M. I. far. ; Sec. 7 ; P. 0. Manchester. 

BARR WILLIAM, Farmer ; Sec. 
20 ; P. 0. Manchester ; born in Ireland 
Dec. 22, 1825 ; came to Canada in 1847, 
and in 1849 he emigrated to Kane Co., 
111., remaining five years ; married Ann 
Brunskill Oct. 22, 1856 ; she died April 
28, 1873; they came to this county in 
Dec, 1856 ; first settling in this town- 
ship ; children by first marriage are 
David W., born Jan. 1, 1858 ; Mary E., 
Feb. 4, 1860 ; Lenora A., Aug. 17, 
1862 ; Charles T., April 8, 1866 ; mar- 
ried Mary I. Kezerta Dec. 9, 1876 ; she 
was born March 9, 1829; Ida A. 
Kezerta (Mrs. K.'s daughter by first 
marriage) was born Sept. 28, 1856. 

Bassee H.far. ; Sec. 9; P. 0. Edgewood. 

BEXSOX J. T. Farmer; Sec' 15 ; P. 
O. Manchester; born in Cayuga Co., 
N. Y., May 25, 1833; came with par- 
ents when quite young to Huron Co., 
Ohio, where he married Louisa Clark 
Oct. 10, 1855 ; she was born in Huron 
Co., Ohio, Nov. 18, 1835 ; in 1856, 
they emigrated to Clayton Co., Iowa, 
and settled near ^McGregor ; he enlisted 
Auji. 15, 1862 in Co. E, 27th Iowa V. 
I. ; engaged in battles of Pleasant Hill, 
Tupelo, Nashville, Fort Blakely and 
others ; was honorably discharged Aug. 



8, 1865 ; in 1867, he settled on his pres- 
ent farm of ninety acres ; he also owns 
160 acres land in Worth. Co., Iowa; 
both fiirms are well improved. J. C, 
born Aug. 1, 1856 ; Leonard E., June 
17, 1860, are the names and births of 
their children. 

BEXSOK WILLIAM R. Farmer; 
Sec. 22 ; P. 0. Manchester ; born in 
Cayuga Co., N. Y., June 26, 1831 ; he, 
with his parents, emigrated to Huron 
Co., Ohio, in 1833, where he remained 
till 1854, then traveling through the 
West, making no permanent settlement, 
and in 1862, he enlisted in Co. G, 1st 
Regt. Colorado Riflemen ; he engaged in 
the battles of Apatchacaman, Pigeon 
Ranch, Paralto, and was honorably dis- 
charged Oct. 21, 1865; he married 
Lucia A. Clark Nov. 11, 1866. She 
was born in Huron Co., Ohio, Dec. 16, 
1836 ; in 1867, he settled on his present 
farm, consisting of eighty-eight acres, 

worth $4,000; Edith, "born 14, 

1867, and Eva L., born March 4, 1875, 
are their children ; Willis Kight, born 
Aug. 12, 1862, is her son by first mar- 
riage. 

Beroggman John, renter ; Sec. 5 ; P. 0. 
Edgewood. 

Blair M. E. fiirmer ; Sec. 17 ; P. 0. Man- 
chester. 

BLII^I^ CLARK, Farmer ; Sec. 33 ; 
P. 0. Manchester; born May 10, 1842, 
in Winnebago Co., 111. ; moved to Ste- 
phenson Co. when (juite young, and to 
this county in the Fall of 1849 ; married 
Miss Helena M. Colvin Nov. 24, 1863 ; 
she was born in N. Y. State, June 25, 
1845 ; has four children — Benjamin E., 
born May 11, 1865; Ida M.,"Dec 13, 
1867 ; Carl E., May 16, 1873 ; his fath- 
er died April 19, 1864, aged 75 
years ; his mother was struck by 
lightning and instantly killed ; he owns 
125 acres, valued at $2,200 ; principal 
product, small grain ; he is a Democrat. 

BLlJi^N «EO. H. Farmer; S. 33; 
P. 0. Manchester; born in Erie Co., 
Pa., June 28, 1835. At the age of 2 
years, he came with his parents to Win- 
nebago Co., 111., and remained there 
seven years, then going to Kane Co., 
111., and, in 1849, came to this county 
and settled on his present farm, consist- 
ing of 47 acres, well improved, worth 



HONEY CREEK TOWNSHIP. 



651 



$1,500. He married Anna Hempsted 
Sept. 28, 1856. She was born in Chau- 
tauqua Co., N. Y., Aug. 30, 1836. 
Alice A., born Nov. 29, 1858 ; Charles 
C, born Aug. 4, 1861 ; Edgar E., born 
Jan. 18, 1869, are their children. 

BLINI^ JOHN, Farmer; S. 28; P. 
0. Manchester; born in Erie Co., Pa., 
Oct. 28, 1827 ; came with parents to 
Winnebago Co., 111., when 10 years old, 
and to Stephenson Co., where he re- 
mained till 1849, when he moved to 
this county, where he has since resided. 
Married Miss Mary Martin Nov. 14, 
1850. She was born in Champaign 
Co., 0., July 2, 1831 ; has six children 
living — Elizabeth, born July 5, 1851 ; 
Phoebe, Dec. 23, 1852; Mary J., Oct. 
22, 1854; Rosa, Aug. 31, 1860; Geo. 
W., Dec. 21, 1862;'^Luella, Jan. 24,. 
1870. Three children deceased — Ben- 
jamin, Rosella and Leona, all dying in 
infancy. Owns 285 acres of land, 
which, with city property, is valued at 
$12,000. Deals largely in stock ; prin- 
cipal product, ct)rn ; served as Constable 
ten years ; is a Democrat. 

JBOGGENN ORIN S. Deceased; 
was born in Onondaga Co., N. Y., April 
9, 1803; March 6. 1832, he moved 
near Syracuse, N. Y. ; here he married 
his second wife, who now survives him, 
April 2, 1834; he was Sheriff and Dep- 
uty Sheriff of Onondaga Co. ; emigrated 
in 1846 to McHenry Co., 111. ; in 1850, 
came to this township, where he died. 
His wife, Maria Boggess, resides on Sec. 
28, where she owns 103 acres of land. 
Have two children living. P. 0. ad- 
dress is Manchester. 

Boynton Wni. C. farmer; Sec. 17 ; P. 0. 
Manchester. 

Breed Chas. far. ; S. 12 ; P. 0. Edgewood. 

Bush Frank, farmer ; P. 0. Edgewood. 

Br^H I^EIiDON F. Farmer ; Sec. 
4 ; P. 0. Ediiewood ; born in Herkimer 
Co., N. Y., April 25, 1802 ; in 1812 he 
moved to Chautauqua Co., N. Y. ; he 
married Florrina Blackman May 12, 
1825 ; she was born in Oneida Co., N. 
Y., Aug. 20, 1804 ; she died March 10, 
1844. He married Mary Hempsted 
July 11, 1844 ; she was born in Oneida 
Co., N. Y., Feb. 5, 1814. He came to 
this county in 1853, settling on his 
present farm, consisting of 150 acres. 



worth $4,000. Albert Alva, Loren, 
Florella are the children living by his 
first marriage ; Lawrence, Leander, Fan- 
nie and Frank are the children living 
by second marriage. 
i^HASEC. E.far. ; S. 18 ; P. 0. Forest- 
ry ville. 

CHASE ELMER, Farmer; Sec. 
18; P. 0. Forestville ; born in Rush- 
ford, Allegany Co., N. Y., April 9, 
1831. In 1849 he settled in Cattarau- 
gus Co., N. Y., where he married Betsey 
Brown May 31, 1853; she was born 
in Edmeston, Ostego Co., N. Y., March 
25, 1834 ; he emigrated to this county 
and settled on his present farm, consist- 
ing of 140 acres, in 1860; farm valued 
at'^$5,000 ; Charles E., born Oct. 10, 
1854 ; Laura Ella, May 13, 1862 ; Les- 
lie, Sept. 9, 1870, are the names and 
births of his children. 
CliARK J. H. Farmer; S. 35; P. 
0. Manchester; owns 67 acres, worth 
$2,500; born in St. Joseph Co., Ind., 
Feb. 26, 1842 ; came to this county in 
1853, where he married Esther A. 
Howiand Jan. 5, 1865. She was born 
in Kendall Co., 111., Sept. 18, 1849. 
Their children are — Elmer H., born 
Dec. 5, 1866 ; Elvin F., April 6, 1868 ; 
and Elnora A., June 22, 1873 ; have 
lost one child — Ella V., born June 10, 
1869, died Aug. 10, 1877. Mr. C, 
like other pioneers, has undergone many 
hardships ; among others, he relates the 
following : he, with his father and 
brother-in-law, started for Delhi Mill in 
the Winter of 1856. They had not 
gone far, when his father fell on the ice 
and broke his hip. They brought him 
back, and after his wound was dressed 
they again started for the mill. They 
soon came to a creek which was not 
frozen strong enough to cross. Their 
team (of oxen) was too tired to return, 
so they stayed by the creek all night. 
The wolves howled around them, and 
they came near freezing to death ; but 
with the morning's dawn they proceeded 
on their way. 
CL,UGSTOX WIL.I>IAM, Farm- 
er ; Sec 35 ; P. 0. Manchester ; born 
in Cayuga Co., N. Y., Feb. 4, 1804; 
they emigrated to Appanoose Co., Ohio, 
in 1814, and then to Union Co., Ind., 
where he married Margaret David June 



652 



DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY 



10, 1827; she died Sept. 17, 1835; has 
four children from first wife — John, born 
April 6, 1828; Margaret, Aug. 22, 
1829 ; Rebecca M., Aug. 22, 1831 ; 
Harriett C, June 6, 1835. Married 
Phoebe Heston May 29, 1836 ; she was 
born in Greene Co., Ohio, Oct. 24, 1811 ; 
eight children by second marriage — 
Lydia, April 30, 1837 ; Hannah J., 
June 1,1838; Luella, Feb. 13, 1840; 
James, Oct. 6, 1841 ; Martha, Dec. 4, 
1844; Minerva, Feb. 12, 1846; Sarah, 
July 6, 1847 and Nancy A., Dec. 9, 
1853; they emigrated to this county in 
Aug., 1855 ; owns 245 acres land worth 
$8,000 ; Rep. ; belongs to the Christian 
Church. 

Clute Cha^. far. ; S. 5 ; P. 0. Edgewood. 

CLUTE L.. G. Farmer; Sec. 35 ; P. 
0. Manchester ; owns 247 acres, worth 
$10,000 ; born in Wyoming Co., N. Y., 
Oct. 8, 1836 ; cam 3 to Adams Co., 
Wis., the Fall of 1854, and to this 
county in 1855. Married Melissa J. 
E. Roe Sept. 4, 1861 ; she was born 
in St. Joseph Co., Ind., Nov. 2, 1842 ; 
their children are — William H., born 
Nov. 3. 1862; Charles A., born Aug. 
29, 1864; Lewis A., born July 2, 1866; 
their house stands on the first 80 acres 
entered in this county ; he is a Repub- 
Ucan, and his family are members of the 
Christian Church. 

Clute R. S. H. fir.; S. 5; P. 0. Edgewood. 

Coolidge John, far ; S. 2 ; P. O. Edgewood. 

Coolid-c Z. G. far.; S. 12; P.O.Edgewood. 

COOLIDGE JOHN M. Farmer; 
Sec. 12 ; P. 0. Edgewood, Clayton Co., 
Iowa ; wa.i born in Honey Creek, Dela- 
ware Co., Iowa, March 5, 1857; he is 
the eldest son of Zena E. Coolidge, one of 
the old settlers of that township, and 
one who has taken a lively interest in 
all that pertains to the improvement of 
the county in which he lives. 

Coolidge Lyman, farmer; -cc. 25 ; P. 0. 
Greeley. 

Coolidge L. B. far.; S. 11; P. 0. Edge- 
wood. 

Croyle John, laborer ; P. 0. Greeley. 

DRAKE OLIVER, renter; Sec. 30 ; 
P. 0. Manchester. 
Durfy E. H. creamery; Sec. 27; P. O. 

Manchester. 
Durfey J. H. far.; Sec. 16; P. O. Man- 
chester. 



DAVIS CHAS. B. Farmer; Sec. 
18; P. 0. Manchester ; born in Mount 
Holly, Vt., May 20, 1817 ; in 1826, he 
moved to Fall River, Mass., and in 1837, 
went to Newport, R. I.; here he mar- 
ried Mary Barker, in March, 18^7; she 
was born in Middletown, R. I., Nov. 
11, 1815; they emigrated to this county 
and settled in Colony Township in April, 
1861, and in February, 1877, he settled 
on his present farm, consisting of 87 2 
acres, worth $2,000. Charles, Emeline, 
Orren and Edward are their living chil- 
dren. 

Davis Oren, far. ; S. 19 ; P. 0. Manchester. 

De Bell O. far.; S. 16 ; P. 0. Manchester. 

De Bell C. far.; S. 16; P. 0. Manchester. 

EATON J. B. farmer; Sec 11 ; P. 0. 
Edsewood. 

EATON J. J. farmer; Sec. 13 ; P. 0. 
Edgewood ; born in Erie Co., Pa., July 
17, 1840 ; came with his parents to 
this county in 1857, first settling on his 
present farm, consisting of 110 acres, 
worth $3,500 ; he enlisted in Co. F, 
12th I. V. I., in October, 1861, was at 
Fort Donelson, Vicksburg, and was 
taken prisoner at the battle of Shiloh, 
and confined in Montgomery prison, 
Georgia, and after six months was ex- 
changed ; was honorably discharged 
Dec. 3, 1864. Married Frances Cool- 
edge Feb. 8, 1865; she was born in 
Boone Co., 111., Oct. 20, 1848; have 
three children — Orlando M., born Dec. 
31, 1866 ; Abner, born Aug. 23, 1868 ; 
Almeda, born Aug. 23, 1870. 

Eaton L. far. : Sec. 14 ; P. 0. Edgewood. 

Eaton Timothy, far. ; See. 11, P. 0. Edge- 
wood. 

Ede R. T. far. ; Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Edgewood. 

Ecker G. A. far. ; Sec. 10 ; P. O. Edge- 
wood. 

Edmonds J. H. Jr. far.; Sec. 25 ; P. 0. 
Greeley. 

Edmonds J. H. farmer; Sec. 25; P. 0. 
Greeley. 

EDMONDS JOEL S. Farmer ; 
Sec. 36 ; P. O. Greeley ; born in Oswego 
Co., N. Y., May 2, 1828 ; he married 
Phoebe Albee May 3, 1850; she was 
born in Oswego Co., N. Y., Sept. 25, 
1828 ; they came to this county in June 
1868, first settling in Honey Creek 
Township. Mary Rosette, born July 
25, 1852, and John J., born Oct. 15, 





COLONY TR 



^i^C^. 



HONEY CREEK TOWNSHIP. 



655 



1856, are names and births of their chil- 
dren. Mr. E. owns eighty acres of land 
in Calhoun Co., Iowa, worth $1,000. 

£L DRIIIGE J. E. Farmer ; Sec. 6 ; 
P. 0. Edgewood ; born in St. Lawrence 
Co., N. Y., May 15, 1836 ; he emigrated 
with his parents and settled on his pres- 
ent farm in June, 1856 ; he married 
Augusta Fitzsimmons Dec. 4, 1857 ; 
she was born in Orleans Co., Vt., Sept. 
20, 1841. Alice F., born Jan. 6, 1864, 
and Charles F., Sept. 2, 1871, are the 
names and births of their children. Mr. 
E. enlisted in Co. F of 12th la. V. I. 
Sept. 12, 1861 ; engaged in battles of 
Ft. Donelson, Shiluh, Siege of Vicks- 
burg, Hood's defeat at Nashville and 
others; was honorably discharged Jan. 
20, 1866. 

Elkins J. H. renter ; Sec. 12 ; P. 0. Edge- 
wood. 

IPAIRWEATHER ROBT. hotel in 
' Edtrewood. 

Fishell Robt. far. ; Sec. 36 ; P. 0. Greeley. 

Fishell S. C. renter; Sec. 9 : P. 0. Edge- 
wood. 

Fitch R. 0. farmer ; Sec. 35 ; P. O. Man- 
chester. 

FOWLER J. T. Farmer ; Sec. 36 ; 
P. O. Greeley ; born in Sangamon Co., 
Dl., Feb. 20, 1843 ; came to Dubuque 
Co., la., when 5 months old, and to 
this county in 1864; enlisted July 28, 
1861, in the 9th la. V. I., Co. J ; was 
with Sherman in his march to the sea ; 
honorably discharged Sept. 24, 1864; 
married Rosa F^dmonds Oct. 8, 1873, 
who was born in Oswego Co., N. Y., 
July 25, 1852 ; their cliildren are Her- 
man E., born x\ug. 7, 1874, and James 
B. Awr. 23, 1876. 

Fowler W. N. far. ; S. 24 ; P. 0. Greeley. 

Frentress E. P. far. ; Sec. 27 ; P. 0. Man- 
chfster. 

FRENTREHI^ FREDERICK 

W. Farmer ; Sec. 23 ; P. O. Greeley ; 
born in Jo Daviess Co., 111., March 'J.d, 
1835, making his home there till 1870, 
then settling where he now lives ; owns 
165 acres of land, worth $7,000 ; he 
enlisted in Co. H, 1st California V. C, 
April 26, 1863; he married Frances V. 
Hall Nov. 13, 1868;. she was born in 
Grant Co., Wis., March 9, 1848 ; have 
five children living — Emsley H., born 
Aug. 14, 1869; Nellie E., June 24, 



1871; Albert E., Oct. 22, 1872; Dia- 
damia A., March 26, 1874 ; Sabra D., 
April 2, 1876. 
FRENTRESS JOHN B. Far.; 
S. 27 ; P. 0. Manchester; born in Jo Da- 
viess Co., 111., Feb. 18, 1829. In 1850, 
he moved to California, where he was 
engaged in the mining business until 

1854, when he returned to his native 
county. In 1860, he emigrated to this 
county, first settling on his present 
fiirm, consisting of 350 acres of land, 
which he values at $18,000, and on 
which he has made the best of improve- 
ments. Married Leona Mead Sept. 2, 

1855. She was born in St. Clair Co., 
May 14, 1834. F]leazer P., born June 
22, 1856; Oscar F., born May 8, 1859; 
Jennie, born April 1, 1861 ; Josephine, 
born Jan. 15, 1864 ; John K., born 
March 14, 1867, are their living chil- 
dren. Leona, born Dec. 26, 1857, died 
Aug. 26, 1858 ; Charles, born Feb. 28, 
1870, died Au-j. 26, 1870. 

FRENTRESS WM. M. Farmer; 
S. 34 ; P. 0. Manchester ; born in Jo 
Daviess Co., 111., Dec. 12, 1837; came 
to this county in 1866. Married Miss 
Mary V. Hull Oct. 31, 1865. She 
was born in Hampshire Co., Vt., July 
3, 1847 ; has four children living — 
Henry N., born April 16, 1867 ; Lucy, 
A., July 26, 1869 ; Frank L., March 3, 
1872; Carrie A., June 6, 1874. Owns 
180 acres, valued at $5,000 ; principal 
product corn and small grain ; is a Re- 
publican. 

Funk John, far. ; S. 3 ; P. O. Edgewood. 

Funk Joseph, far. ; S. 3 ; P. 0. Edgewood. 

GIFFORD, D. H. lab.; S. 2 ; P. 0. 
Edgewood. 

Gilford W. H. lab.; S. 2; Edgewood. 

CiJRAHAM JOHN F. Farmer; S. 
17 ; P. 0. Munchester ; born in Picton 
City,Nova Scotia, Sept. 12, 1847. He em- 
igrated to this county with his parents in 
ly58, and settled on his present farm, 
consisting of 130 acres of the old 
homestead, worth $4,000. He married 
Ardelle Warnock June 12, 1874. She 
was born in Grant Co., Wis., Nov. 2, 
1850. They are members of the M. E. 
Church. May D., born June 12, 1875, 
is their only child. Republican. 

Graham W. E. far. ; Sec. 17 ; P. 0. Man- 
chester. 

6 



656 



DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY: 



Griffith E. wagon maker at York. P. 0. 

Edgewood. 
Grow C. A. far. ; Sec. 2(5; P. 0. Greeley. 

HAMAN L. P. farmer; Sec. 10; P. 
0. Edgewood. 

Hamman W. far. ; S. 3 ; P. 0. P]dgewood. 

Harinan h. P. far. ; S. 15 ; P. 0. Edgewood. 

Hatticld N. far. ; Sec. 12 ; P. 0. Edgewood. 

Hatfield M. far. ; S. 12; P. 0. Edgewood. 

Heyer John, far. ; S.31 ; P.O.Manchester. 

Hill E. H. tar ; Sec. 12 ; P. 0. Edgewood. 

Hill Francis, flir. ; S. 12; P. 0. Edgewood. 

Hitchcock G. N. farmer; Sec. 28; P. 0. 
Manchester. 

Hitchcock R. A. farmer ; Sec. 28 ; P. 0. 
Manchester. 

HITCHCOCK R. O. Farmer ; Sec. 
28 ; P. 0. Manchester ; born in Or- 
leans Co., Vt., Oct. 17, 1823; in 1843 
he moved to Jefferson Co., N. Y., and 
in 184() went to New Haven, Conn. 
Married Lucy E. Nelson April 29, 
1 849 ; she was born in Warrensburg, 
Warren Co., N. Y., .iug. 24, 1822. 
They moved to Jefferson Co., N. Y., 
and March 19, 1855, emigrated to 
Dubuque Co., Iowa, and in 1863 he 
came to this Co., settling on his present 
farm of 180 acres, valued at Si(i,000. 
Esther C, born April 7, 1850 ; George 
N., Dec. 20, 1851 ; Rienzi A., Nov. 12, 
1853; Florence J., Sept. 30, 1856; 
Edith E., Sept. 30, 1859; Charles A., 
Dec. 2, 1861; Laura, July 10, 1868, 
are their children. 

Holcomb 0. far. ; Sec. 6 ; P. 0. Edgewood. 

Hubbell A. D. far.; S. 14; P. 0. Greeley. 

Hubbell Lewis, far.; S. 14; P. 0. Greeley. 

Hubbell Lyman, renter ; Sec. 31 ; P. 0. 
Manchester. 

Hubbell S. V. for.; S. 25 ; P. 0. Greeley. 

Huene 0. E. farmer ; Sec. 6 ; P. 0. Edge- 
wood. 

INGEUSOL J. H. farmer); Sec. 12; P. 
0. Greeley. 
JAMES HENRY, farmer; Sec. 8 ; P. 
0. Edgewood. 

James T. J. far.; Sec. 5 ; P. 0. Edgewood. 

Jarrard E. rent.; S. 17; P. O. Manchester. 

JOHNSON WAI.I.ACE, Farm 
er; Sec. 22 ; P. 0. Manchester; born 
in Erie Co., N. Y., April 13, 1827. 
He married Sophronia Harwood Nov. 
18. 1848 ; she was born Sept. 16, 1826, 
and died Feb. 12, 1871. They settled 
in this township in 1856. Stephen, 



Edwin, Hiram and Monroe are their 
children. He married his second wife, 
Susan Butler, Jan. 1,1872; she was 
born in Cortland Co., N. Y., July 4^ 
1827. Her youngest son, Alvin, by 
first husband, resides with them. 

KEITH G. W. farmer ; Sec. 30 ; P. 
0. Manchester. 
Kellogg C. lab.; S. 23 ; P. 0. Manchester. 

LASH H. renter; Sec. 15; P. 0- 
Edgewood. 
La^h John, far.; Sec. 9; P. 0. Edeewood. 
Lathrop Ellis, far.; S. 15; P. 0. Edgewood. 

li ATHRO P W I L. L I A M H. 

Farmer; Sec. 15; P. 0. P^dgewood ;, 
born in Hampden Co., Mass., April 22, 
1808. With his parents he moved to- 
Ontario Co., N. Y., at the age of 10 
years, and at 21 years old he moved to 
Erie County, N. Y. Here he married 
Loui.-a Hatch April 1, 1834 ; she was 
born in Orange, Vt., Jan. 1, 1801. Mr. 
L. came to this county at an early day,, 
settling on his present farm of 101 acres, 
valued at $4,000. Children— Nancy 
E., born Jan. 22,1835; William H. 
Jan 14, 1837; Samuel H., May 12 
1839; George B., Dec. 25, 1842 
Charles R., March 19, 1847 ; Alfred B 
July 19, 1849; E. M., Oct. 2, 1851 
Lucy E., Oct. 23, 1840, and died June 
9, 1842; Jonathan, born Oct. 9, 1844, 
and died April 1, 1846. 

Lewis R. far. ; Sec. 34 ; P. 0. Manchester. 

Loban A. far. ; S. 22 ; P. 0. Manchester. 

Loban W. S. far. ; S. 22 ; P. 0. Manchester. 

MCCORMICK J. farmer; Sec. 31; 
P. 0. Manchester. 
McGarvey A. farmer ; S. 3 ; P. 0. Edge- 
wood. 
McOARVEY ANDREW X, 

Farmer ; Sec. 4 ; P. 0. Edgewood ; born 
Chenango Co., N. Y., Jan. 16, 1843 ; 
in same year, his parents emigrated to 
Dubuque Co., Iowa, where they remained 
until 1853 ; then settling in this county, 
he married Alice Farr Sept. 16, 1874; 
she was born in De Kalb Co., 111. Dec. 
25, 1849. 

McKee A. D. farmer ; S. 16 ; P. O. Man- 
cncstGr 

McKEE APPLETON C. Farm- 
er; Sec. 19; P.O. Manchester; born 
in Sackett's Harbor, Jefferson Co., N. 
Y., Aug. 24,1830; in 1848, he emi- 
grated to this State and settled in Jack- 



HONEY CREEK TOWNSHIP. 



657 



son Co., and the same year, going to 
Dubuque Co., and settling near Tivoli ; 
he married Luzina H. Smith Oct. 17, 
1855 ; she was born in Marion, Wayne 
Co., N. Y., Dec. 13, 1835 ; in 1866, 
they came to this county, where he has 
mide it his home since. Clara, born 
Nov. 16, 1856 ; Edward, Feb. 26, 
1858 ; Ella, Sept. 4, 1860 ; Dora, Sept. 
19, 1863; LiUie May, Feb. 28, 1869; 
Clark A., Feb. 4, 1871 ; Watson S., 
x\pril 8, 1876, are their children. 

HcKEE TRUMAW R. Farmer; 
Sec. 2U ; P. 0. Manchester ; born in 
Jefferson Co., N. Y., May 17, 1828 ; in 
1856, he emigrated to this State, first 
settling in Dubuque Co., and in 1859, 
he came to this county, settling on his 
present farm of 120 acres, worth $6,- 
000 ; married Frances Jarrad Jan. 1, 
1857 ; she was born in Erie Co., Pa., 
June 7, 1835. Mr. McKee enlisted in 
the 12th la. V. I., as Drum Major, in 
1861, and was in the battles of Donel- 
son and Shiloh, and was discharged after 
the last-named battle His lather, Mar- 
vin McKee, was born Dec. 14, 1794; in 
Connecticut, and died Jan. 12, 1865 ; 
his mother was b:>rn Jan. 14, 1796, in 
Vermont, and died April 9, 1863. 

Madison W. C. far. ; Sec. 2 ; P. 0. Edge- 
wood. 

MAEWXEI. HENRY, Farmer; 
Sec. 32 ; P. 0. Manchester ; born in 
Philadelphia July 10, 1845, where he 
was engaged with his father in the silk 
importing trade ; in 1 874, he emigrated 
to Woodbury Co., Iowa, where he re- 
mained until 1876 ; June 6, 1876, mar- 
ried Jane Martin, who was born in Del- 
aware Co., Iowa, Jan. 15, 1854. He 
settled on his present farm in October, 
1877. Elsie A., born April 19, 1877, 
is their only child. 

MALLORY ALVADOR H. 

Farmer; Sees. 18 and 19 ; P. 0. For- 
estville ; born in Allegany Co., N. Y., 
May 17, 1829; in February, 1838, he 
came with his parents and settled in 
Clayton Co., Iowa, where he married 
Rebecca M. Cuppett, March 24, 1853 ; 
she was born in Bedford Co., Pa., May 
10, 1835. Mary E., born Feb. 8, 1854 ; 
David L.jborn Jan. 1, 1856 ; Henry H., 
Feb. 20, 1860; William A., Feb. 10, 
1862; Andrew J., July 19, 1864; 



Grant T., July 9, 1866, and Ammie B. 
Aug. 2, 1869, are the names and births 
of their children. They settled on their 
present farm in the Spring of 1870 ; it 
consists of 160 acres, worth $5,000. 
Republican ; himself and wife belong to 
the M. E. Church. 

MARTIN C;EOR<i}E W. Farmer; 
8ec. 26 ; P. 0. Manchester ; born in 
Champaign Co., Ohio, May 22, 1838; 
in 1845, he, with his parents, emigrated 
to this county, settling on his present 
farm of 470 acres ; well improved, 
worth $18,000. His father was born 
in Clark Co., Virginia, May 16, 1800. 
His mother was born in Franklin Co., 
Virginia, on South Branch of Potomac 
River, near the foot of the v Alleghany 
Mountains, May 8, 1801. His father 
died recently. His mother is still living, 
and many incidents relative to the early 
settlers of this county are related by 
her and for which the historian is in- 
debted. Mr. Geo. W. M. was married 
to Mary Ann Scribin Nov. 10, 1860 ; 
have four children living — Mary R., 
born Sept. 27, 1861; Ulysses, Nov. 14, 
1863 ; Lillian, Jan. 17, 1865; Geo. S., 
Nov. 15, 1876. Lost one child, died 
in infancy. 

MARTIN JAMES, Farmer; Sec. 
32; P. 0. Manchester; born in Cham- 
paign Co., Ohio, July 11. 18jI6 ; came 
to this county with his parents in the 
Fall of 1845 ; married Mary Ann LeLa- 
cheur July 24, 1851. She was born 
in Prince Edward's Island May 22, 
1828; has five children living — Wm. 
H., born April 22, 1852 ; Jennie E., 
Jan. 15, 1854; Windsor, Dec. 17, 
1855; Delevan, March 19, 1858; 
Nancy A., May 14, 1860 ; owns 200 
acres, valued at $7^,000 ; has held the 
ofiice of School Director for ten years ; 
is a Republican. 

Martin Windsor, farmer; Sec. 32; P. 0. 
Manchester. 

Martin Wm. farmer; Sec. 28; P. 0. 
Manchester. 

Mason P. far. ; S. 3 ; P. 0. Edgewood. 

Mellen H. H. farmer; Sec. 4 ;" P. 0. 
P]dgewood. 

Mellen M. flir, ; S. 4 ; P. 0. Edgewood. 

Miller A. farmer ; Sec. 17 ; P. 0. Edge- 
wood. 

Miller J. far. ; S. 8 ; P. 0. Manchester. 



658 



DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY; 



Minkler D. C. farmer ; Sec. 10; P.O. 
Ed;zewi)od. 

Minkler R. farmer; Sec. 10; P. 0, 
Edge wood. 

MoiTis C. farmer; Sec. 16; P. 0. Man- 
chester. 

^TICHULS E. farmer; Sec. 18; P. 

J^ 0. Manchester. 

Nichols, N. farmer ; Sec. 18 ; P. 0. Man- 

NICHOLS N. R. Deceased; born in 
Utica, N. Y., Jan. 16, 1824; in 1844 
he moved to Huron Co., Ohio; he 
graduated at Oberlin College, after 
which he taught school, and at the same 
time studied for the ministry ; his 
health failing compelled him to abandon 
this calling ; married Mary Nichols Aug. 
20, 1849, who was born in Chautauqua 
Co., N. Y., Aug. 3, 1830 ; they emi- 
grated to this county, and IMarch 13, 

1857, settled on their present farm in 
Sec. 18, consistins of 140 acres, and 
where Mr. N. dted March 15, 1864. 
Newell A., born March 31, 1851 ; Eu- 
gene L., Feb. 21. 1853; May, Dec. 16, 

1858, are the living children. Charles, 
born Dec. 8, 1860, and died March 18, 
1862 ; Hattie, born Feb. 14. 1862, died 
July 24, 1863. The P. 0. address is 
Manchester. 

Noble B. far. ; Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Edgewood. 
XOBLE DERASTUS J. Far ; 

Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Edgewood ; born in Ontario 
Co., N. Y., March 29, 1826; emigrated 
with parents to this county in 1845, 
settling on his present farm of 220 acres 
valued at $8,000 ; married Eliza J. 
Rees July 20, 1851 ; she was born in 
Monroe Co., Pa., July 18, 1830. Eliza, 
born April 8, 1852 ; Lolee, Dec. 4, 
1855 ; Jessie R., Feb. 14, 1857 ; Hattie, 
Feb. 26, 1862 ; Mary, Aug. 2, 1874 ; 
a pair of twins died in infancy. His 
father is now 81 years old and blind ; 
resides with his son. 
NOBLE O. E. Farmer; Sec. 1 ; P. 0. 
Edgewood ; born in Ontario Co., N. Y., 
Feb. 5, 1828; in 1845, he, with his 
parents, emigrated to this county, settling 
where he now lives, on a fai'm of 140 
acres worth $4,500 ; married Hannah 
Kellon Sept. 13, 1859. She was born 
in Livingston Co., N. Y., May 19, 1836. 
Mr. Noble has been the Surveyor of 
this township for the past six years. 



Has held the office of Justice of the 
Peace. Ben. T., born Jan. 10, 1861 ; 
S. J., April 28, 1868 ; Carrie May, 
Jan. 8, 1872 ; Charles A., April 20, 
1863, died June 5, 1864 ; Bertie E., 
April 20, 1865, died June 25, 1866. 

Noble T. farmer ; Sec. 24 ; P. 0. Greeley. 

PARKER WILLIAM, Farmer ; 
Sec. 20 ; P. 0. Manchester ; born in 
Canada, May 13, 1828. In 1844, he 
emigrated to Lee Co., 111., and in 1855 
to this county, and settled on his present 
farm consisting of 160 acres, worth 
$6,000. He married Lucretia T. Lara- 
bee March 13, 1858 ; she was born in 
Bradford Co., Pa., Dec. 8, 1840 ; they 
are both members of the M. E. Church. 
Francis M., born Feb. 24, 1859, is their 
only child. 

PAULI JOSEPH, former ; Sec. 3 ; P. 
O. f]dgewood. 
Peet C. T. farmer ; S. 2 ; P. 0. Edgewood. 
Peet T. B. far.; S. 12; P. 0. Edgewood. 
Peet S. R. far. ; Sec. 2 ; P. 0. Edgewood. 
Peet S. for. ; Sec. 2 ; P. 0. Edgewood. 
Phelps J. renter ; S. 9 ; P. 0. Edgewood. 
PL ATT SEYMOUR, Farmer; 

Sec. 29 ; P. 0. Manchester. 
Pogue James, far. ; S. 9 ; P. O. Edgewood. 
Pratt L. A. renter ; S. 10 ; P. 0. Edgewood. 

ROBERTSON J. B. farmer ; Sec. 32 ; 
P. 0. Manchester. 

REID J. H. Farmer ; Sec. 34 ; P. 0. 
Manchester ; born in Clarion Co., Pa., 
March 9, 1847 ; came to Jefferson Co., 
Pa., with parents, at the age of 4 years ; 
came to this county and settled at Delhi 
in the Spring of 1860; married Miss 
Lydia J. Lee Oct. 28, 1866 ; has three 
children— J. M., born Sept. 16, 1867 ; 
Prudence H., Dec. 9, 1868; Wm. P., 
March 4, 1871 ; enlisted in 1862 in Co. 
— 21st I. V. I. ; participated in the 
battles of Fort Fisher, Magnolia Hill, 
charge at Black River, charge at seige of 
Vicksburg, and was mustered out June 
15, 1865. 

Robison Jas. H.far. ; S. 15 ; P.O. Greeley. 

RobivSon John, far. ; S. 22 ; P. 0. Greeley. 

Robison J. P. farmer ; Sec. 23 ; P. 0. 
Greeley. 

Rodka Chas. far. ; Sec. 9 ; P. 0. Edgewood. 

Rodka F. laborer; S. 9 ; P. 0. Edgewood. 

Ryan Henry, far. ; S. 10 ; P.O. Edgewood. 

SCHACHERER J. former; Sec. 3 ; P. 
O. Edgewood. 



HONEY CREEK TOWNSHIP. 



659 



Schacherer John, far. ; S. 3 ; P. 0. Edge- 
wood. 

Schmock John, renter ; Sec. 29 ; P. 0. 
Manchester. 

Scovill N. S.far. ; S. 4 ; P. 0. Edgewood. 

SCRIVEN JOHN, Farmer; Sec. 

|4i, 22 ; P. 0. Manchester ; born in Brad- 
ford Co., Pa., June 7, 1834. In 1850, 
he emigrated with parents and settled in 
Lee Co., 111., and in 1853, he, with 
parents, settled in Richland Tp. of this 
county, where he married Rosella Bliss 
May 17, 1857. She was born in Win- 
nebago Co., 111., March 16, 1840. 
Charles C, born January 29, 1859, is 
their only living child. Have two 
children deceased — Stephen A., born 
March 8, 1862, and died Dec. 12, 1863 ; 
Minnie P., born March 7, 1874, and 
died January 31, 1878. Her mother 
was born April 27, 1804, and was struck 
by liiihtning and instantly killed March 
25, 1852. 

Seward G. W., far.; Sec. 11 ; P. O. Edge- 
wood. 

Sharp Robt., far.; Sec. 9 ; P. 0. Edgewood. 

Sheldon F. J., laborer; P. 0. Greeley. 

Shultz H., far.; Sec. 9 ; P. 0. Edgewood. 

Shultz J., far. ; Sec. 9 ; P. 0. Edgewood. 

Smith A. W.,far.; Sec. 11 ; P.O. Edgewood. 

Smith D., far.; Sec. 4 ; P. 0. Edgewood. 

Smith D., farmer; Sec. 13; P. 0. Greeley. 

Smith H., farmer ; Sec. 13 ; P. 0. Greeley. 

NNOVER GEORfi^E S., Farmer; 
Sec. 22, P. 0. Manchester ; born in 
Sussex Co., N. J., Aug. 1, 1830. 
In the Fall of 1851, he moved to Lu- 
zerne Co., Pa.; married Delilah Smith 
Oct. 15, 1853. She was born in 
Luzerne Co., Pa., Sept. 30, 1837. In 
185(), they emigrated to Clayton, la., 
and after nine years came to this county, 
settling on his present farm of 200 acres, 
worth ^8,000. Hulda J., born Sept. 6, 
1856; John W., January 30, 1860; 
George, Feb. 26, 1864; William B., 
Aug. 2, 1866 ; Harriet L., Sept. 30, 
1868. Three of their children died 
when quite young. 

Steele H. G. laborer ; P. 0. Edgewood. 

Steele 0. S. laborer ; P. 0. Edgewood. 

Steele R. A. far. ; S. 1 ; P. 0. Edgewood. 

STEELE R. N. Retired Farmer; 
Edgewood ; born in Ontario Co., N. Y., 
Oct. 8, 1815, where he married Eliza- 
beth A. Alger Oct. 8, 1837. She was 



born April 27, 1816 ; have four children 
living — John N., born Aug. 3, 1838; 
Josiah,born Oct. 2, 1847 ; Martha Jane, 
born Aug., 18, 1849; Ralsa A., born 
Aug. 2, 1853. Have lost four children 
—Elizabeth, born Nov. 28, 1839, died 
July 9, 1872 ; Hiram E., born May 22, 
1842, died Nov. 8, 1872; Marcus C, 
born June 12, 1845, died July 13, 
1846, and one child died in infancy. 
Mr. S, is the oldest old settler in the 
township, coming to this county in 1843, 
and settled on the farm which he now 
owns on S. 1, in this township, consist- 
ing of 200 acres, worth $8,000. Re- 
publican. His wife is a member of the 
Congregational Church. Hiram E. 
Steele was a member of Co. C, First 
Battalion 13th U. S. Inf., under Gen. 
Sherman. Engaged in the battles of 
Chickasaw Bayou, Arkansas Pust, Black 
Bayou, Champion Hill, Black River, 
siege of Vicksburg, Jackson, Mission 
Ridge, Collierville. 

Steers C. C. blacksmith; Edgewood. 

Stortz J. renter ; S. 26 ; P. 0. Manchester. 

Stortz L. S. rtr. ; S. 26 ; P. 0. Manchester. 

Stortz, T. F. rtr. ; S. 26 ; P. O. Manchester. 

Stortz W. M. rtr. ; S. 26 ; P. O. Manchester. 

Strong A. A. far. ; S. 14; P. 0. Greeley. 

TAYLOR F. renter.; S. 11; P. 0. 
Edgewood. 

Tellyer S. E. far. ; S. 10; P. 0. Edgewood. 

Tillett D. renter; S. 27 ; P. 0. Manchester. 

Tillett Geo. far.; S. 30; P. 0. Manchester. 

THORNBURG ». H. Farmer ; Sec. 
31 ; P. 0. Manchester ; born in Cham- 
paign Co., Ohio, July 12, 1819 ; moved 
to this county in 1841 ; married Miss 
Nancy A. Martin April 4, 1844; she 
was born July 1, 1828, in Champaign 
Co., Ohio ; has four children living — 
Sarah A., born Nov. 5, 1846; George 
W., March 17, 1849 ; Samuel K., July 
26, 1852 ; Mary J., Feb. 4, 1855 ; two 
deceased — William H., born Feb. 4, 
1845, died Oct. 2, of the same year; 
Lois E., born Sept. 10, 1858, was killed 
by the kick of a horse April 6, 1871 ; 
owns 286 acres of land, valued at 
$11,000 ; Mr. T. is a cripple, the result 
of malpractice of physicians in setting 
a dislocation caused by being thrown 
from a horse ; Republican. 

Thornburg Geo. far. ; S. 31 ; P. 0. Man- 
chester. ■ 



660 



DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY: 



Thornbuig L. H. farmer; Sec. 31 ; P. 0. 

Manchester. 
Thurnlnirg S. for.; S. 31 ; P. 0. Manchester. 
Tubbs A ' F. far. ; S. lli ; P. 0. Edt-ewuod. 

VAX SICKLE R. Proprietor of 
Farmers' Inn, in the village of 
York ; P. 0. Edgewood ; born in Ca- 
yuga Co., N. Y., May 10, 1805; in 
1831, he moved to Livingston Co., N. 
Y., where he married Jane Eldridge 
Jan. 3, 1833 ; she died in 1839 ; he emi- 
grated to the West in 1830, where he 
followed milling, traveling through dif- 
ferent States, and in 1860, he opened 
the hotel at York, formerly called the 
Exchange ; but in a few years after, sold 
out and in 1875, bought the old stand 
where he now lives ; he married for his 
second wife Mary E. Crawford Oct. 15, 
1871 ; she was born in Montreal, Can- 
ada ; Harry and Hegbert are his chil- 
dren by first wife. 

WANDELL H. W. Sec. 5, P. 0. 
Edgewood. 

Warner C. rtr. ; S. ; P. 0. Edgewood. 

Warner R. farmer ; S. 6 ; P. 0. Edgewood. 

Warnock F. far. ; S. 13; P. 0. Manchester. 

Warnoek W. C. creamery; S. 18 ; P. 0. 
Manchester. 

Watson L. far. ; S. 35 ; P. 0. Manchester. 

Watt Wilson, renter; P. 0. Edgewood. 

Way Elias, farmer ; S. 24 ; P. O. Greeley. 

Way N. farmer ; Sec. 25 ; P. 0. Greeley. 

Way R. M. C. far. ; S. 24 ; P. 0. Greeley. 



WELIiS CHARIiES, Farmer; 
Sec. 12 ; P.O. Edgewood; owns 100 
acres in Richland Tp. and 80 in Honey 
Creek ; was born in Cortland Co. N. Y., 
Dec. 21, 1842 ; was a graduate of the 
Junior Class at Oberlin College in 1862; 
came to this county in 1865 ; has been 
a teacher five years in New York. Ohio, 
Indiana and Illinois ; is in politics, a 
Democrat. 

WHE ATL.E Y C H A R li E S , 

Farmer; Sec 19; P.O. Manchester; 
born in Westbeach, England July 28, 
1834 ; he married Elizabeth Goodger 
May 25, 1853 ; she was born in England 
Oct. 11, 1832 ; they emigrated to the U. 
S. in 1853, first settlingin Monroe Co., N. 
Y. ; in 1855, they went to Canada, 
where they remained eleven months, 
then returning and settling in Summit 
Co., Ohio; in 1864, he emigrated to 
Dubuque Co., Iowa, and in 1873, settled 
in this county. Jane E., born Aug. 23, 
1856; William H., May 27. 1864; 
Sarah E., Sept 7, 1867, are the names 
and births of their children ; Republi- 
can ; they belong to the M. E. Church. 

White Chas. farmer; P. 0. Manchester. 

Wendell C, far. ; S.32; P.O.Manchester. 

Wickham B. T. laborer ; Edgewood. 

Williams Wm. rtr.; S. 36 ; P. 0. Greeley. 

Winsor H. F. fir. ; S. 3 ; P. 0. Edgewood. 

Woolf Val. far. ; S. 5 ; P. 0. Edgewood. 

Wood L. far.; S. 35 ; P. 0. Manchester. 



COFFIN'S GROVE TOWNSHIP. 



ADAMS D. farmer ; Sec. 1 ; P. 0. 
Manchester. 
Adams J. far.; Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Manchester. 

AIXOCK ALEXANDER G. 

Brick Maker ; P. 0. Masonville ; born 
in Wayne Co., N. Y., Sept. 8, 1824 ; 
moved to Illinois in 1840, and to this 
county iiep. 15, 1854. IMarried Elmira 
Zerfass Dec. 4, 1855 ; she was born in 
Tompkins Co., N. Y., Aug. 23, 1839 ; 
have five children — Jerome, born Jan. 
2, 1857; M(nroe, January 17, 1859; 
Maryetta, Sept. 27,1801 ; George, Jan. 
11, 1864; Martha, Nov. 27, 1806. 
Mr. A. started the first brick yard in 



this township. The house in which he 
lived was built by driving popple poles 
in the ground, and then weaving willows 
in around the poles. The roof was of 
hay, and for many years their house 
was called the Willow Dale. Republi- 
can ; Wesleyan Methodist. 

Alcock R. farmer; S. 10; P. 0. Manches- 
ter. 

Akock K. B. farmer; Sec. 30; P. O. 
Masonville. 

Alderman W. W. farmer ; Sec. 32 ; P. 0. 
Masonville. 

BABCOCK HENRY, farmer; Sec. 
28 ; ]\ 0. Masonville. 



COFFIN'S GROVE TOWNSHIP. 



661 



BABCOCK CHAS. H. Farmer ; | 
Sec. 20; P. 0. Masonville ; born in I 
Boone Co., 111., Jan. 1, 1842 ; came i 
with parents, at the age of 2 years, to ! 
Allamakee Co., Iowa, where they re- 
mained until 1859. at which time he ! 
went to Ohio, and Oct. 8, 1861, he en- \ 
listed in Co. F, 43d Ohio Infantry, 
and served three years; then re-en- | 
listed as a veteran, and served until | 
Nov. 28, 1861. During his army life I 
ho participated in many hard engage- 
ments, one of them being the battle of 
€orinth. He married Miss Adaline 
Tisdale March 17, 1867 ; sh-e was born 
March 17, 1842, in Erie Co., N. Y. ; 
have four children — Alvah L., born 
Aug. 26, 1868; Minnie L., born Jan. 
27,"l87U; Charles H., born Aug. 11, 
1873 ; Servia E., born March 31, 1876. 
Mr. B. owns 166 acres of land, well im- 
proved, worth $6,000. Grain and stock 
raiser. Mr B. is at present School Di- 
rector ; Republican. 
Babcock W. G. farmer; Sec. 28; P. 0. 

Masonville. 
Baird C. [. far. ; Sec. 29 ; P. O. Mason- 
ville. 
BAKER HEJTRY, Farmer; Sec. 
22 ; P. 0. Manchester ; born near Al- 
bany, N. Y., Feb. 20, 1814; he moved 
with his father, at the age of 3 years, to 
Oneida Co., N. Y., where they remained 
until he was 9 years old, then coming to 
Oakland Co., Mich. ; there he remained 
until the age of 20 years, when he 
moved to Lenawee Co., Mich. He mar- 
ried Elizabeth W. Coffin June 10, 1840 ; 
she was born in Manchester in 1816. 
Mr. B. came to this county in June, 
1841, and settled where he now lives ; at 
that time there was but four families 
living in the township ; they have one 
child living — Susan, born June 6, 1849 ; 
three children deceasi'd — Susan, died 
April 1, 1849; Edwin, died Aug. 29, 
1846, at the iigeof 4 years and 7 months, 
and John, died Oct. 1, 1846, at the age 
of 2 years and 4 months. Mr. Boker's 
wife died Dec. 15, 1849, leaving him 
and his infant daughter, Susan, alone ; 
she is now married and living in Kansas. 
Mr. Boker owns 572 acres of land, well 
improved, worth $50 per acre ; principal 
product, stock raising. Mr. Boker is 
the verv oldest settler that is still living 



in Coffin's Grove Tp. ; he has been Jus- 
tice of the Peace ten years ; Democrat. 

Beal Seth, ftir. ; See. 34 ; P. 0. Manchester. 

Beal Bernard, farmer ; Sec. 35 ; P. 0. 
Manchester. 

Beaver Lyman R. farmer ; Sec. 27 ; P. O. 
Masonville. 

Beaver Robert L. renter ; Sec. 27 ; P. O. 
Masonville. 

Bucklin Austin, farmer ; Sec. 20 ; P. 0. 
Masonville. 

Bucklin J. C. far. ; Sec. 20 ; P. 0. Mason- 
ville. 

Burk David, proprietor Masonville Flour- 
ing-mills. 

Burk James, merchant ; Masonville. 

Bush Geo. renter ; Sec. 22 ; P. 0. Mason 
ville. 

C^AMP ALFRED, laborer; Sec. 27; 
J P. 0. Masonville. 

Carpenter Wm. farmer ; Sec. 24 ; P. O. 
Manchester. 

CHAPMAN H. p. Farmer; Sec. 
36; P. 0. Manchester; born in Dover, 
N. H., Aug. 6, 1833 ; married Jane E. 
Furbosh Jan. 1, 1860 ; she was born in 
York Co., Maine, Feb. 2, 1838 ; have 
two children living — Charles T., born 
March 19, 1865, and Fred. E., born 
Sept. 19, 1868 ; lost one child- 
Eddie H., born Aug. 5, 1863, died Oct. 
17, 1864. Mr. Chapman came to this 
county April 15, 1864; owns 209 acres 
of land, worth $30 per acre ; he carries 
on the dairying business and stock rais- 
ing to a large extent ; Republican. 

Childs N. far. ; Sec. 29 ; P. O. Masonville. 

Coleson J. B. butcher ; Masonville. 

Cormick H. 0. blacksmith ; Masonville. 

Cormick William, laborer ; P.O. Mason- 
ville. 

CONVERSE I.ORENZO D. 
Farmer ; Sec. 33 ; P. 0. Masonville; born 
April 24, 1817 ; married Mary E. Rock- 
well ; she was born in Erie Co., N. Y., 
Dec. 24, 1824; has four children — 
Samuel W., born Nov. 28, 1845 ; Alon- 
zo, Sept. 16, 1851 ; Ida, Nov. 2, 1859 ; 
Belloria, Dec. 3,1866 ; Mrs. C.'s father, 
Horace Rockwell, was born in 1783 ; 
her mother's maiden name was Hannah 
Chase, born in old Utica, N. Y. Mr. 
C. came to this county in 1873. 

Corney John, lab. ; P. 0. Masonville. 

Cook E. far. ; Sec. 15 ; P. 0. Manches- 
ter. 



662 



DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY 



Cook Malconib, farmer ; Sec. 15; P.O. 
31 ii richest er. 

COOK WILLIAM, Farmer ; Sec. 
1 1 ; P. O. Manchester ; born in Notting- 
hamshire, Eng., March 6, 1825; he 
married Mary Ann Frow Sept. 1-1:,1846 ; 
she was born in Sheffield. Eng., June 7, 
1828; have one adopted child, Edwin 
Cook, born in Delaware Co., la., April 
11, 1851 ; Mr. Cook emigrated to the 
U. S. of America, Aug. 29, 1849, and 
came to St. Charles, 111., where they 
lived four years, and in 1853, they came 
to this county and settled where they 
now live; he owns 160 acres of land, 
well improved, worth $5,000 ; principal 
product, grain and stock raising. Mr. 
C. has held the office of School Director 
and Assessor a number of terms ; reli- 
gion, Free-Will Baptist ; politics, Demo- 
crat. 

Curtis Henry, lab.; P. 0. Masonville. 

Davis C. G., renter ; Sec. 29 ; P. 0. Mason- 
ville. 

I>A VIS D. N. Farmer ; Sec. 30 ; P. 
O. Masonville ; born in Oneida Co., N. Y., 
June 22, 1832. Married Mirah M. 
Sterling, born in Canada, Parish of 
Bath, May 3, 1835 ; moved to this 
county May 25, 1854 ; has nine chil- 
dren living — Flora, born Nov. 25, 1854 ; 
Ida, born Aug. 21, 1856, (deceased); 
Mason, born May 12, 1858; Carrie, 
born Aug. 18, 1860; Bertha, born Feb. 
8, 1862 j Emeroy, Dec. 20, 1863; Mary 
born May 27, 1866; Olia, born April 
17, 1868 ; Chnton, born May 14, 1870 ; 
Perry, born May 24, 1872 ; owns 120 
acres of land valued at 84,000. 

DAVIS EDWIN, Farmer, Sec. 28 ; 
P.O. Masonville ; born in Hartford, Conn., 
April 4, 1830, where he remained till 
6 years of age, moving with his par- 
ents to Erie Co., Ohio, where he re- 
mained till he was 23 years old ; mar- 
ried Sarah Ann Ferris March 20, 1853. 
She was born Feb. 10, 1834, and died 
Jan. 31, 1874; has by this marriage 
three children living — Leora M., born 
Jan. 2, 1864 ; Nelson E., July 10, 1863 ; 
Charles H., June 21, 1857 ; married 
Miss Moline C. Kenyon Jan. 3, 1875. 
She was born in Canada Jan. 3, 1855; 
they have one child — Henry E., born 
Oct. 26, 1875. Mr. D. came to this 
county April 11. 1854. and -settled 



where he now lives ; he erected the first 
building on his farm in 1854, which was 
a log house ; he now owns 360 acred of 
land, all in a high state of cultivation, 
worth SI 5,000 ; is an extensive dealer 
in and raiser of fine-bred stock. 

Davis G. W., renter ; S. 29 ; P. 0. Mason- 
ville. 

Dreskel, John, laborer, P. O. Masonville. 

DUNN MARGARET MRS. 

Farmer ; Sec. 9 ; P. 0. Manchesti^r ; 
born in Canada, June 18, 1836. She 
married James Kelley Sept. 17, 1852; 
he died Oct. 1. 1865. Have four chil- 
dren — John H. Kelley, born July 7, 
1855; William J., Sept. 17, 1857; 
Mary, Dec. 20, 1859; Kate, April 14, 
1862. She marri(^d her second husband, 
Matthew Dunn, June 23, 1867. Have 
one child by last husband ; Hattie, boro 
June 18, 1868. She moved to thia 
county June 24, 1867, and settled where 
she now lives ; she owns 58 acres of 
land, worth $1,500 ; principal products, 
stock and grain. 
TpATON; farmer; P. O. Masonville. 

Evans J. for.; S. 16 ; P. 0. Manchester. 

FARRELL W. E. wagon maker, Ma- 
sonville. 
GAFFANY PHILLIP, farmer ; Sec. 
10; P. 0. Manchester. 

Gibbons F. D. laborer ; P. 0. Manchester. 

Gillispie J. far. ; S. 36 ; P. 0. Manchester. 

Graiifield J. farmer; S. 4 ; P. 0. Manches- 
ter. 

GRIFFIN BYRON, Lumber and 
Stock Buyer, Masonville ; born in Mad- 
ison County, New York, February 4, 
1840; at the age of 22 years moved 
to Waukesha County, Wis., where he 
remained until he was 18 years of 
age ; went to St. Louis and remained 
three years, then went to Montana, where 
he was engaged in mining ; came to this 
Co. May 1870. Married Miss Mary J. 
Daily Feb. 21, 1872 ; she was born Nor., 
1850 ; has two children — C. K., bora 
Sept. 5, 1874 ; unnamed infant, Jan. 9, 
1878. Mr. G. came to this ('o. with 
limited means, but by honest dealing and 
careful management, now ranks as one 
of the leading men of the village. 

Griffin F. S. grain dlr ; Masonville. 

HAINER CHARLES, laborer ; See. 
30 : P. O. Masonville. 



COFFIN'S GROVE TOWNSHIP. 



663 



Hainer S. H. renter ; Sec. 30 ; P. O. Ma- 

sonville. 
Hammading H. lab. ; P. 0. Masonville. 
Hamniond J. P. farmer ; Sec. 3 ; P. 

Mancliester. 
Harris F. S. creamery ; Sec. 28 ; P. 

Masonville. 
HARRII^ REUBEN P. Farmer, 
Sec. 28 ; P. 0. Masonville ; born in 
Warren. Co., N. Y., Jan. 21, 1824; 
lived there until 1(1 years of age, and 
moved with his parents to Washington 
Co., N. Y., where he remained until 21 
years of age, when he came to Wiscon- 
sin and settled in Walworth County, 
working for one man six years. Mar- 
ried Elizabeth Seymour April 10. 1851, 
in Baraboo, Wisconsin ; have one child 
—Frank, born March 10, 1853. Mr. 
Har^;is came to Delaware County July 
14, 1869, and settled where he now has 
121 i acres, valued at ^7,000; he has 
on his place a very beautiful fruit or- 
chard, which is quite an uncommon thing 
for this section of Iowa. In connection 
with farming, Mr. Harris' son carries on 
a large creamery, being furnished with 
milk from about 200 cows. 
HARWOO]> <tJEO. I>R. Drug- 
gist; P. 0. Masonville; born May 1, 
1844, in the town of Macclesfield, 
Cheshire, England ; he left England in 
April, 1857, and after a perilous voy- 
age around the Cape of Good Hope, 
landed in Bombay, East India, August, 
1857, and during the 1 .tter part of '57 
and '58 endured all the hardships and 
privations of the Indian mutiny ; he re- 
sided in India until the Fall'of 1862, 
and during that time visited the follow- 
ing places of interest : Poona, Ahmed- 
nugger, Kirkee, Calaba, Vengula, Bel- 
ganon, Kurraeher, Kotree, Hydrabad, 
Labors, Delhi, Lucknow, Cawnpore, 
Patna, Calcutta, Madras, Ceylon and 
.A^den ; on his return voyage to Eng- 
land in 1863, he visited the Island of 
St. Helena; shortly after his arrival in 
England he married Miss C. Bennett, 
daughter of Jno. Bennett, Kerridge 
Bollington, Cheshire, England ; have 
one Sun — Herbert B., born June 7, 1864. 
On the 2d of October he left England 
for Canada, and landed at Point Leve, 
Oct. 17, 1873 ; resided in Toronto until 
Sept. 20, 1875. when he brought his 



family to Masonville, Iowa ; he entered 
into partnership with W. E. Laurence, 
in the drug business, March 1, 1877. 

Hearn Matthew, far.; S.10.;P.O. Masonville. 

Hilton Henry, far.; S. ; P. 0. Masonville. 

JOHNSTON, JAMES G., Farm- 
er ; Sec. 32 ; P. 0. Masonville ; born 
in Pennsylvania July 27, 1811, where 
he lived with parents till 18S7 ; married 
Miss Phinella Junod ; she was born in 
Philadelphia June 6, 1818; has twa 
children living and four deceased. Mary 
J., born Dec. 21, 1837, died Jan. 23, 
1838; Thomas, born Oct. 23, 1841, 
died Sept. 20, 1852 ; Rachel, born June 
24, 1844; Edwin N., born Nov. 22, 
1846, died Sept. 25,1852; Margaret, 
born Jan. 1, 1840, died Nov. 11, 1841 • 
Lindsey M. born June 8, 1856 ; came to 
this county July 31. 1858 ; resided in 
CoflSn's Grove for sixteen months prior to 
purchasing the farm where he now lives ; 
owns 82^ acres of land valued at $50 
per acre ; principal product is <>:rain ; 
Republican. 

Jones Henry, far.; S. 33 ; P.O.Manchester. 

KelleyC. M. far.; S. 28; P.O. Masonville. 

Kelley Joseph, far. ; S.2 ; P.O. Manchester. 

Lindsey W. B. far. ; S. 3 ; P. 0. Manches 
ter. 

McBRIDE BETSY MRS. Far., 

S. 35, P. 0. Manchester. Her husband, 
James McBride died Jan. 18, 1876. 
He was born in N. Y., May 31, 1804, 
and came to this county in Jan. 1860. 
Since his death his wife and son have 
carried on the farm. Her maiden name 
was Betsy Miller, born in Oneida Co., 
N. Y., April 25, 1824 ; have six chil- 
dren living — George W., born July 4, 
1854; Lucy C, born Feb. 9, 1856; 
Elizabeth, born April 11,1859 ; MaryA., 
born Oct. 28, 1861; Grant E., born 
Nov. 11, 1865; Cora P., born April 
13, 1870; one child dead, born Feb. 
26, 1852, died Jan. 20, 1852; owns 
160 acres of land worth $5,600. Prin- 
cipal products, stock raising. Mrs. 
McBride's father was born in Stark 
Co., N. Y., in 1784. Her mother's 
maiden name was Mary Crill, born in 
Stark Co., N. Y., 1790. 

McBride J. C. farmer; Sec. 34; P. 0. 
Manchester. 

McBride George, farmer ; Sec. 36 : P. O. 
Manchester. 



664 



DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY: 



McGEE ISAAC, Farmer ; Sec. 23 ; 
P. 0. Manchester ; born in Canada West- 
March 24, 1820; married Miss Sarah 
Smart Sept. 4, 1840; she was born in 
Ireland May 19, 1827 ; have nine chil- 
dren living — Isabel, burn July 3, 1847 ; 
John, Nov. 10, 1848; George, April 
19, 1850; William, Feb. 14, 1853; 
Lillie, Sept. 7, 1855; Gage, Dec. 10, 
1860; Irwin A., Jan. 21, 1863; Nellie 
M., April 23, 1865 ; Austin, Aug. 25, 
1868 ; one child deceased — Adelaide, 
born July 4. 1857, died Oct. 5, 1862. 
Mr. M. came to this county May 27, 
1855, and settled where h(! now lives ; 
owns 380 acres of land, worth ^12,000 ; 
general farming and stock raising. He 
has held the office of School Director 
four years. 

McGEE JOHIV, Farmer; Sec. 23 ; 
P. Manchester ; born in Lawrence, 
Canada, August 12, 1816; married 
Miss Janet McMartin March 18, 1846; 
she was born in Martintown, Can- 
ada, June 10, 1827 ; have nine children 
— Olive, born June 17, 1847 ; John, 
Jan. 31, 1849 ; Isaac, March 21, 1851 ; 
Sarah, May 22, 1853 ; Elizabeth, Sept. 
2, 1855; Hannah, March 15, 1858; 
Joseph H., Aug. 25, 1863; Oscar A., 
Sept. 16, 1866 ; Berton E., April 4, 
1872 ; one child deceased — Mary Ann, 
born Feb. 2, 1861, died June 4, 1864. 
Mr. McGee came here in June, 1854, 
and settled in Coffin's Grove Tp., where 
he now lives ; he owns 280 acres of land, 
worth S9,000 ; his principal product is 
grain and stock raising. 

McGuire J. .sec. boss ; Masonville. 

Marvin A. laborer ; Masonville. 

Marvin Lorenzo, laborer ; Masonville. 

Marvin Wm. renter; P. 0. Manchester. 

Martin H. E. station agent ; Masonville. 

MlNKIiER HARVEY, Farmer; 
Sec. 29 ; P. 0. Masonville ; born in 
Clinton Co., N. Y., in 1805 ; came to 
Ohio, with parents, and settled in Geauga 
Co., in 1816; married Miss Elizabeth 
Ransom May 27, 1827, who w;is born 
in Livingston Co., N. Y., May 27, 
1810; they have three children — Eliz- 
abeth J., born June 14, 1828, who 
died Dec. 28, 1858; John R., Dec. 
2, 1831, and C. V., Oct. 23, 1834; 
besides their own three children, thir- 
teen orphans have had their fatherly and 



and motherly care and grown to man- 
hood and womanhood under their roof; 
Mr. Minkler's father was born in Con- 
necticut in 1780 ; came to Delaware 
Co. May 4, 1853, and settled where he 
now lives, his nearest neighbor west 
being eighteen miles; Mr. Minkler was 
one of the first Trustees of Coffin's 
Grove Township ; at that time there 
were but fifteen voters in the township 
and five of those were from under his 
roof; he owns 125 acres of land, well 
improved, worth $4,000 ; principal pro- 
ducts, grain and stock raising ; he has 
held nearly every office in the township 
and has always been an active Republi- 
can ; in 1862, he gained a permit from 
Gen. Boker, of Clinton, Iowa, and 
joined Co. F, of the 27th Regiment of 
Iowa, mostly comprised of men from 
Delawai'e Co. 

MOHR DA^RflEL, Farmer; Sec. 
24; P. 0. Manchester; born in Pa. 
Sept. 3, 1823 ; he came, with parents, 
at the age of 6 years, to Logan Co., 
Ohio, where he remained until 1852; 
he married Miss Mary Garber March 
24, 1846 ; she was born in Augusta Co., 
Va., Dec. 21, 1826 ; have seven chil- 
dren living — Mary M., born March 26, 
1847; Martin C, March 17,1849; 
Nancy C, Aug. 11, 1851; John J., 
Jan. 27, 1855 ; Louie, 1859 ; Lovina 
A., Dec. 23, 1861 ; Mirth A., Sept. 28, 
1866 ; have two children deceased — 
Hannah Jane, born Aug. 15, 1853, 
died Sept. 9, 1854; Isaac N., born May 
23, 1857, died Nov. 6, 1873. Mr. 
Mohr came to this county April 1, 
1865, and settled where he now lives; 
Mr. M. has been School Director four 
terms ; he owns 160 acres of land, worth 
$5,0(10 ; Republican ; Advent Christian. 

HIOORE SEI.DON W. Farmer ; 
Sec. 21 ; P. 0. Masonville ; born Feb. 
22, 1820, in Hartford Co., Connecticut; 
left, with parents, and came to Ashtabula 
Co., Ohio, at the age of 15 years; 
there he remained until 1859 ; then he 
came to Ogle Co., 111., where he remained 
until the Spring of 1863, then coming 
to this county and settling where he 
now lives; he married Mary A. Cotton 
Nov. 6, 1 842 ; she was born in Addison 
Co., Vt., June 28, 1818 ; have four chil- 
dren living — Edison, born Nov. 10, 



COFFIN'S GROVE TOWNSHIP. 



665 



1843; Chastene J., Oct. 8, 1845; 
Willis D., Aug. 8, 1849; Horace S. 
Nov, (3, 1854 ; two deceased — Francis, 
born Sept. 3, 1847, died Dec. 26, 1850 ; 
Frank, born Jan. 1, 1852, died /Vpril 
10, 1858 ; Mr. Moore owns 80 acres of 
land worth $3,000 ; principal products, 
grain and stock raiding ; Republican : 
Wesleyan Methodist. 

Morris P., flxr. ; S. 11 ; P. 0. Manchester. 

Morris P. P. far. ; S. 1 1 ; P. 0. Manchester. 

Morse E. E. rtr.; S. 28 ; P. 0. Masonville. 

MORI^E JAMES A. Farmer ; S. 
25 ; P. 0. Manchester ; born in Ver- 
mont April 2, 1839 ; came to Delaware 
Co. June, 1858. Married Angia A. 
Roe March 16, 1862. She was born in 
Berrien Co., Mich., Jan. 31, 1844. 
Have two children — Luella A. Morse, 
born Jan. 7, 1864; Lorena A. Morse, 
born Nov. 25, 1871. Mr. Morse car- 
ried on the livery business in Manches- 
ter for a number of years, until about 
four years ago, when he sold his busi- 
ness and moved to where he liow lives. 
He owns 106 acres of land, worth $35 
per acre. His principal products are 
stock raising and dairying. 

Mulligan P. saloon ; Masonville. 

"l^EW J. M. farmer; S. 30; P. O. 

jJN Masonville. 

Norton R. Postmaster ; Masonville. 

QUINN EDWARD, laborer; Mason- 
ville. 



P 



AGrE S. A. carpenter ; Masonville. 



PERRY AMOS, Farmer ; S. 32 ; 
P. 0. Masonville ; born in New York 
April 9, 1834; moved with parents to 
Illinois in 1835, and there he remained 
until 1854, when he came to Delaware 
Co., la., and on May 27, 1857, made it 
his permanent home. He married Vio- 
let Minkler Feb. 17, 1861. She was 
born in Erie Co., 0., June 6, 1844; 
have six children — Effie L., born Feb. 
10, 1862; Edith A., born Nov. 12, 
1866; Gertrude A., born March 4, 
1868; Willard H., July 29, 1869; 
Erne-st A., Dec. 18, 1871 ; and Lillian 
E., July 30, 1873. Mr. Perry owns 
672 acres of land, worth $25 per acre. 
Mr. Perry enlisted in the 3d Iowa Bat- 
tery Sept. 18, 1861 ; served two years 
and re-enlisted, and v^as mustered out 
Oct. 23, 1865. During his army life 



he participated in several severe battles, 
one of the hardest being the battle of 
Pea Ridge Republican. 

PETERS SAMSON P. Farmer; 
See. 29 ; P. 0. Masonville ; born Sept. 
21, 1831, in Cayuga Co., N. Y. ; moved 
from tbere to Ogle Co., where he lived 
for nine years ; came from there to Del- 
aware Co. in March, 1868 ; married 
his first wife, J. Robison, Jan. 1, 
1852 ; she was born in Cayuga County 
April 25, 1832 ; has h d three children 
by first wife, two of which are dead — 
Louis S., born Nov. 17, 1857, died at 
the age of 4 months and 27 days ; Em- 
ma, born Oct. 30, 1852, died Jan. 31, 
1877 ; and one living — Elmira, born 
April 30. 1855 ; married his second wife 
March 10, 1858; her maiden name was 
Sarah Moower, born in Penn, Union Co., 
April 20, 1824 ; has two children by 
his second wife — Charl S., born Dec. 4. 
1863; John H., March 29, 1862; Mr. 
Peters owns 222 i acres of land, worth 
$35 per acre; principal product, grain 
and stock raising ; Rep. ; his father waa 
born in New York, Oct. 23, 1792 ; his 
mother in Vermont, Feb. 9, 1796. 

Porter W. R. far. ; S. 8. P. 0. Manchester. 

Poerssner A. far. ; Sec. 4 ; P. 0. Forest- 
ville. 

Riley Daniel, saloon ; Masonville 

ROE liAWSON A. Farmer; Sec. 
24 ; P. 0. Manchester ; born in Wayne 
Co., Ind., Aug. 21, 1821 ; moved with 
his parents to Berrien Co., Mich., in 
1835, and married Susan A. Knight 
March 12, 1843; she was born in Ver- 
mont Oct., 14, 1823 ; have five children 
— Angia, born Jan. 31, 1844; William 
A., March 1, 1846; Francis A., Oct. 
15, 1847 ; Charles A., Sept. 14, 1850 ; 
and May A., Feb. 22, 1857. Mr. Roe 
came to this county in July, 1852, and 
settled in Eads' Grove, where he re- 
mained until the Fall of 1863, at which 
time he moved to Manchester, where he 
carried on the furniture business for 
several years, moving to his present 
home about six years ago ; he owns 380 
acres of land, worth $14,000 dollars ; 
principal product, grain and stock rais- 
ing ; Mr. R. is a Republican and mem- 
ber of a Christian Church. 

ROE F. A. farmer; Sec. 24; P. O. 
Manchester. 



me 



DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY: 



Russell H. H. far. ; Se3. 20 ; P. 0. Man- 
chester. 
Rose Thomas, shoemaker ; Masonville. 
Ryan John, saloon ; Masonville. 

SATTERLEE AMOS, far.: Sec. 27; 
P. O. Manchester. 

SATTERLEE BURIAH W. 

Farmer ; Sec. 26 ; P. 0. Manchester ; 
born Dec. 27, 1814, in Montgomery 
Co., N. Y. ; married Elizabeth Jennings 
May 17, 1837 ; she was born in Herki- 
mer Co., N. Y., Avig. 5, 1818 ; came to 
this county April 4, 18G7 ; owns 200 
acres of land, worth $35 per acre ; they 
have three children — Jerome B., born 
July 3, 1838; Martha Ann, May 23, 
1841 ; Aipos F., March 6, 1847 ; Amos 
F. lives with his father ; was married to 
Miss Elmer Keller, March 7, 1875 ; both 
father and son are Republicans. 
SCHMIDT JOHN E. Vineyard ; 
Sec. 27 ; P. 0. Manchester ; born in 
Wurtemberg, Ger., Dec. 1, 1830; emi- 
grated to TJ. S. of America Aug. 11, 
1859 ; married Miss Maggie Stadler 
April 27, 1874; she was born in Aus- 
tria Aug. 22, 1843; have two children 
— Oscar Otto, born Aug. 8, 1875, and 
Maggie, Aug. 25, 1877. Mr. S. came 
to this county in 1861, making his 
home with Henry Baker for five years ; 
then he purchased the place where he 
now lives and started his vineyard, 
which at the pressnt time excels any- 
thing of the kind in the county. Mr. 
S. owns sixteen acres of land, well im- 
proved, and is worth $5,000. 

SCHUL.TZE WIEL.IAM, Farm 

er; Sec. 10; P.O. Manchester; born 
in Hanover, Germany, Aug. 8, 1822; 
he came to the TJ. S. of America in 
1864 ; he married Miss Fredrecka 
Starde ; she was born June 29, 1831 ; 
have two children, twins ; their names 
are Charlie and Emma, born April 30, 
1868; Mr. S. settled first in Chicago, 
where he was engaged in the furniture 
business for four years, and in 1868, he 
came to this county and settled where 
he now lives ; he owns 160 acres of land, 
well improved, worth $5,0(M) ; principal 
product, grain and stock. 

Sellins E. H. far. ; S. 36 ; P. 0. Manchester. 

Septon A. L. far. ; S. 32 ; P. 0. Masonville. 

Seward J. far.; S 11 ; P. 0. Manchester. 

Smith Alex, farmer; P. 0. Manchester. 



SMITH BENJAMIN, Farmer' 
Sec. 26 ; P. 0. Manchester ; born in 
Stark Co., Ohio, Jan. 26, 1824; in 
1835, moved with his parents to Summit 
Co. Ohio, and in 1840 moved again 
with his parents to De Kalb Co., Ind., 
where his father died in 1861 ; his 
mother died in 1876. Married Miss 
Sophina Bonney at Ghent, Summit Co., 
Ohio, Oct. 19, 1852; she was born in 
the town of Covington, Wyoming Co., 
N. Y., in 1827. Have two children — 
J. B. Smith, born in De Kalb Co., Ind., 
March 4, 1857, and Harry B. Smith, 
born in De Kalb Co., Ind., April 25, 
1860; Mr. Benjamin Smith's father, was 
born in the parish of Tregles, Scotland, 
in the year 1788; his mother was born 
in Cumberland Co., England, in the 
year 1794. Mr. Smith came to Dela- 
ware Co. with his family in 1865 ; owns 
190 acres of land well improved, worth 
$6,000. Republican. 
Smith F. D. laborer ; P. 0. Ma.sonville. 
Smith J. D. hotel prop., Masonville. 
SMITH JONATHAN, Farmer; 
Sec. 2 ; P. 0. Manchester ; born in 
Lewistown, Penn., July 18, 1814; left 
with parents when young and came to 
Perry Co., Ohio ; from there he came to 
South Bend. Ind., in 1832. He mar- 
ried his first wife Nov. 24, 1834; her 
maiden name was Sarah Yockey ; has 
six children by first wife, named as fol- 
lows — Lewis, John, Hilindia, Martha, 
Jackson ; one died in infancy. He 
married his second wife Sept. 9, 1852 ; 
her maiden name was Catharine Jacoby ; 
has six children by second wife — Elea- 
zer M., Riley, Alexander, Jonathan, 
William and Edward ; one child de- 
ceased — Emma. Mr. S. came to Dela- 
ware Co. in the Fall of 1860, and settled 
where he now lives ; he owns 80 acres 
of land, well improved, worth $2,000 ; 
principal products, grain and stock. 
Republican ; member of Wesleyan Meth- 
odist church. 
SMITH THOMAS E. Farmer; 
Sec. 28 ; P. 0. Masonville ; born in 
New York City Dec. 22, 1829 ; moved 
with his parents to Bristol, England, in 
1836, and lived there seven years, then 
came to Pennsylvania, where he re- 
mained three years, ai d then emigrated 
to Dubuque Co., Iowa, moving to Dela- 



COFFIN'S GROVE TOWNSHIP. 



66T 



ware Co., Iowa, April 1, 1861. Mar- ' 
ried Maria J. Dull April 30, 1856; 
have no children ; she was born in 
Franklin, Portage Co., Ohio, Feb. 7, 
1838 ; her father was the first white 
child born in Trumbull Township, Ohio, 
Feb. 17, 1809; her mother was born \ 
Aug. 17, 18ti9, in Dutchess Co., N. Y. i 
Mr. S. owns 116 acres of land, worth { 
$3,000 ; principal product, stock ; he j 
has held almost every office in the 
township. 
Snell Geo. laborer; Masonville. 
Soder G. E. laborer ; Masonville. 
Soder J. blacksmith ; Masonville. 
Soder J. R. blacksmith ; Masonville. 
Stewart A. W. former ; Sec. 10 ; P. 0. 

Manchester. 
Stewart Charles, farmer ; Sec. 10 ; P. 0. 

Manchester. 
Stewart James B. farmer ; Sec. 10 ; P. 0. 

Manchester. 
STEWART SAMUEL., Farmer; 
Sec. 10; P. 0. Manchester; born in 
Delaware Co., Ohio, July 22, 1832, 
where he remained till 7 years of age ; 
moved to Illinois with his parents, where 
he remained four years, then to Iowa 
Co., Wis., where he remained until 
1866, when he moved to this county, 
settling where he now lives; owns 100 
acres valued at $3,000. Married Miss 
Ann Ward Aug. 13, 1857; she was 
born in England, Sept. 13, 1841 ; have 
three children living — Ward, born April 
30, 185!) ; Elmer, April 26, 1867; Ro- 
sanna M., born Dec. 9, 1874. 
Stimpson W. H. renter; Sec. 29; P. 0. 

Masonville. 
Stone C. N. renter ; Sec. 16 ; P. O. Man- 

SIJLIilVABf AAROlf, Farmer; 
Sec. 28; P. 0. Masonville; born in 
Champaign Co., Ohio, Feb. 21, 1811 ; 
came to La Salle Co., 111., Nov. 1, 1835 ; 
he married Jane Lippincott June 20, 
1837 ; she was born in Champaign Co., 
Ohio, N<jv. 7, 1819 ; had nine children; 
those still living are — Mary R., born 
July 13, 1839 ; Samuel P., Feb. 15, 
1841; Sarah E., Jan. 28, 1843; 
Andrew J., April 10, 1845 ; J. N., Nov. 
3, 1848; Aaron R., May 8, 1850 ; 
Jane A., Feb. 14, 1853; Henry F., 
Aug. 6, 1856 ; L. M., Dec. 6, 1858. 
Seven oldest children married ; Mary R. 



married Scar W oilman, and has a family 
of eight boys ; Samuel P. married Eliza 
A. Walton, and has a family of three 
boys ; Sarah E. married Richard B. 
Alcock, and has a family of six girls ; 
Andrew J. married Elizabeth Reynolds, 
and has a family of three boys and two 
girls ; Isaac N. married Chastine J. 
Moore, and has a family of two boys ; 
Aaron R. married Martha L. Norton, 
and has a family of one boy ; Jane A. 
married Jno. Latimer, and has a family 
of three boys. All of the above married 
children are living in Delaware Co., 
with the exception of Andrew J., who 
is living in the Indian Territory. His 
principal business is stock raising ; Rep. ; 
Methodist; Mr. Sullivan crossed the 
Mississippi River Nov. 23, 1844, at 
Lyons, Iowa, and iu the same year made 
a permanent settlement where he now 
lives ; at that time there was but twenty- 
four familes in Delawaie Co., and but 
four families in the township. 

Sullivan Frank, far. ; S. 21 ; P. 0. Mason- 
ville. 

Sullivan J. N. far. ; S. 21 ; P. 0. Mason- 
ville. 

Sullivan Joshua, laborer ; Sec. 27 ; P. 0. 
Manchester. 

Sullivan M. far. ; S. 14; P. O. Manches- 

TAYLOR JOSEPH, blacksmith; 
Masonville. 
Thorpe Wilber, farmer; Sec. 5; P. 0. 
Manchester. 

TOWNER CHARL.es H. Labor^ 

er ; P. < '. Manchester ; born in Stock- 
ton Co., N. Y., Feb. 28, 1853. Hia 
father, James Towner, was born in 
England, 1828, died Dec. 4, 1868. 
His mother was born in England in 
1832, her maiden name being Caroline 
Bothomel ; she died April 13, 1872 ; 
but five of the family are living — Charles, 
born Feb. 28, 1853; James, Sept. 
12,1856; Hannah M., July 5, 1859; 
Williard, Feb. 12, 1866, and Mary 
Helen, April 13, 1868 ; two children 
deceased — Rorie, born Sept. 28, 1854, 
and died Sept 22, 1877 ; Elizabeth E., 
born Feb. 21, 1862, and died when 
quite young. Mr. Towner's parents 
came to Delaware Co. in the Spring of 
1855, making them among the very 
early settlers of the township. 



668 



DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY 



TRIPP €HAS. p. Farmer; Sec. 

17 ; P. 0. Masoiiville ; born in Canada 
West Dec. 19, 1837; in the Fall of 
1853, he came with his parents to this 
county ; married Miss Mary E. Bowen 
Dec. 16, 18G(). She was born in Penn 
Oct. 14:, 1841 ; have five children living 
—Robert R., born Oct. 18, 1861 ; L. 
A., March 24, 1867 ; Chas. E., May 9, 
1871; Eugene M., April 12, 1874; 
Ira. S., April 11, 1876 ; one deceased, 
Michael H., born May 7, 1869, died 
March 9, 1870 ; enlisted Aug. 13, 1862, 
in Go. F, 27th I. V. I. ; participated 
in the battles of Pleasant Hill, Cumber- 
land Heights, and many others ; was 
mustered out June, 1865 ; owns 100 
acres of land valued at $3,000 ; princi- 
pal jiroduct, small grain ; is a Republi- 
can. 

Tripp Leother, renter ; Manchester. 

Tripp S. far. ; Sec. 5 ; P. 0. Masonville. 

Trumblee Geo. farmer ; Sec. 27 ; P. 0. 
Manchester. 

TRUMBLEE PATRICK, Farm- 
er ; S. 27 ; P. O. Manchester ; born on 
British waters Jan. 1, 1815; lived 
in the parish of St. Paul Bay and 
thereabout until the age of 18 years, 
when he moved to Berkshire Co., Mass. 
Married Sophrona Hemenway in 1840, 
who died in 1844. Married again in 
1846 to Miss Julia Jenkins, who is the 
mother of his four sons — William A., 
age 32 years ; James, aged 28 ; Leo, 
who died Feb. 26, 1871, at the age of 

18 years, and George, who is 22 years 
of age. Their mother died May 20, 
1865. Mr. Trumblee again married 
Miss Edna C. Cragin, born in Windsor 
Co., Vt., Feb. 11, 1822. Moved to 
Delaware Co. Sept. 12, 1855. Owns 
250 acres of land, worth $35 per acre. 
Democrat. 

Trumblee Wm. far. ; S. 27 ; P. 0. Man- 
chester. 

UMPHREY WM. renter; P. 0. Man- 
chester. 
YAN ALSTINE GEO. farmer; S. 
28 ; P. 0. Masonville. 
VAN ALST YXE C. M. Farmer ; 
Sec. 26 ; P. 0. Manchester ; born in 
Columbia Co., N. Y., March 17, 1809, 
where he remained until 1864; coming 
to this county and settling where he 
now lives, April 15, 1864. Married 



Margaret Leggett Nov. 12, 1835 ; she 
was born in Columbia Co., N. Y., Sept. 
9, 1816 ; have one child living, Anna, 
born July 8, 1838, and three children 
deceased — Jane, born Oct. 17, and died 
Oct. 22, 1874 ; Mary, born Jan. 17, 
1842, died January, 1873; Catharine, 
born August 4, 1848, died July, 1857. 
Owns 270 acres of land, well improved, 
worth $40 per acre ; principal product, 
stock raising. Democrat. 

Van Alstine M. far. ; S. 26 ; P. 0. Man- 
chester. 

Van Alstine, far. ; S. 28 ; P. 0. Masonville. 

VAN AIJKEN E. Farmer; S. 22; 
P. 0. Manchester ; born in Dutchess 
Co., N. Y., June 5, 1808. Moved 
with parents, when quite young, to Al- 
bany Co., N. Y., where he remained till 
1832, then moved to Fulton Co.,N. Y., 
where he worked at the shoemaker's 
trade till Dec, 1866. Married Miss 
Margaret Swobe Jan. 29, 1835. She 
was born in Montgomery Co., N. Y., 
Nov. 23, 1810. Came to this county in 
Jan., 1867, and settled where he now 
lives ; has children, two living — Henry, 
born in Fulton Co., N. Y., June 2, 
1837 ; Michael S., June 3, 1850. Two 
children died when quite young. Michael 
S. married Clara C. Van Alstyne Nov. 6, 

1872. She was born Oct. 6, 1853, 
has one child — Maggie, born Aug. 23, 

1873. He resides with his father. 
Owns 80 acres of land, valued at $3,000. 
Democrat and Presbyterian. 

Van Auken M. S. farmer; Sec. 22 ; P. 0. 
Manchester. 

WADSWORTH W. W. renter; Sec. 
34 ; P. 0. Manchester. 

Walling Thorn, renter; P. 0. Masonville. 

Wellman H. G. land agent ; P. 0. Mason- 
ville. 

WEIiLMAN OSCAR, Farmer; 
Sec. 31; P. 0. Masonville; born in 
Steuben Co., N. Y., March 25, 1831 ; 
came to Wisconsin in 1850, where he 
remained until the Fall of 1853, when 
he came to Delawure County and settled 
where he now lives. Married Mary R. 
Sullivan Sept. 14, 1856 ; she was born 
July 13, 1839; have eight children liv- 
ing and one deceased — Ray I, born 
Nov. 8, 1857; Oswell Z., born Oct. 14, 
1859; George A., Sept. 14, 1861; 
Aaron L., Nov, 23, 1863; Bin J., 



SOUTH FORK TOWNSHIP. 



669 



Sept. 10, 1867; Frank G., May 18, 
1872; P. H, Aug. 31, 1874; S. M., 
Jan. 7, 1877 ; Alonzo L., Oct. 8, 1865, 
and died Feb. 4, 1866. Mr. Wellman 
has held the office of Assessor for ten 
years in succession ; he owns 236 acres 
of land, worth $40 per acre ; principal 
product, stock raising. 
Westbrook S. D. farmer ; Sec. 2 ; P. O. 
Manchester. 

WILL-IAMS THOS. L. MRS. 

Farming ; Sec. 29 ; P. 0. Masonville ; she 
married T. L. Williams, who was born in 
London, England, Oct. 25, 1 80 1 , and died 



Sept. 15, 1872; they were married in 
Boston April 24, 1845 ; her maiden 
name was Nancy Rand, and she was 
born in Nova Scotia Jan. 21, 1823; 
have four children living — John, born 
May 7, 1846 ; Theodore L., born March 
17, 1851; Henry L., born Oct. 4, 1853; 
Jacob W., born July 10, 1858; one 
son dead — James L., born Sept. 12, 
1848, and died July 2, 1874. Her 
father was born in Nova Scotia in 1780, 
and her mother born there in 1781. 

ZEllFOSS GEORGE, well driller; P. 
0. Masonville. 



SOUTH FORK TOWNSHIP. 



ABBOTT E. L. stone mason ; Hopkin- 
ton. 
Abbott M. M. laborer ; Hopkinton. 
Abbott 0. C. restaurant ; Hopkinton. 
Adkins Thi s. laborer ; Hopkinton. 
Ambrose R. L. painter ; Sand Spring. 

BACKUS F. E. harness maker ; Hop- 
kinton. 

Backus S. G. harness maker; Hopkinton. 

Barden A. cooper ; Hopkinton. 

Barker C. S. merchant ; Hopkinton. 

Barker J. W. farm hand ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 

Barnes E. F. farmer. 

Barton D. A. retired far. ; P. 0. Sand 
Spring. 

Beitz Chas. farmer. 

Bell David, far. ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 

BilHngs M. V. far. ; S. 9 ; P.O. Hopkinton. 

Blair Alex. far. ; S. 22 ; P. 0. Sand Spring. 

Block Peter, farmer; P. 0. Sand Spring. 

Bort A. F. far. ; Sec. 29 ; P. 0. Sand 
Spring. 

Bort A. L. Justice of the Peace ; Hopkin- 
ton. 

Bort E. W. painter; Hopkinton. 

BOWEN ASA C. Dairyman; 
Sand Spring ; was born in Herkimer 
Co., N. Y., June 30, 1827, and lived 
there until 24 years of age ; assisted in 
a dairy until 17 years of age, when he 
commenced working at carpentering, and 
continued at that during the Summer, 
and teaching school and music Winters 
until 24 years old. In the Winter of 
1851, he commenced the study of medi- 



cine at Albany, N. Y. ; the following 
Spring he moved West, first settling on 
Bowen's Prairie in Jones Co., and lived 
there until 1866, when he sold out there 
and came to his present location. He 
was engaged in the business of this 
county all of the time, and was instru- 
mental, as an agent, in locating. settHng, 
and developing a great amount of land 
in this township. In 1858, he began 
the manufacture of butter and cheese in 
a small way, and in 1863, introduced the 
cheese vat, probably the first used in 
Iowa. Built the first factory for the 
use of patrons in this part of the State. 
Was married Oct. 7, 1851, to Armenia 
Yoran, who was born in Herkimer Co., 
N. Y., Jan. 1, 1828; she died in 1871. 
Oct. 30, 1871, was married to Ella 
Shemaker, who was born Sept. 25, 
1817 in Herkimer Co., N. Y. ; two 
children living — Asa Collyer and Myra 
Hattie ; one dead ; owns 210 acres of 
land. 

Bowen T. H retired iar. ; Sand Spring. 

Brahaney Thos labi rer ; Hopkinton. 

Brewer Chas. I'armer. 

Brokaw Philip, far.; S. 9; P.O. Hopkinton. 

Brooks Homer, far. ;S.7; P.O. Hopkinton. 

Brooks R.G. ihr. ; S. 7 ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 

Browder G. R., far.; S.3 ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 

BROWN G. H., Merchant and Po.st- 
master; Sand Spring. Was born in 
Ashtabula Co., Ohio, Sept. 3, 1832. 
His home was there for 34 years ; was 



670 



DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY: 



a farmer most of the time, but engaged 
in buying live stock about three years. 
In 18G6, came to the county, and has 
since made his home here. The first 
year, was engaged in the live stock trade ; 
after that, wont on a farm and followed 
farming until 1876, when he com- 
menced business in Sand Spring ; was 
appointed Postmaster in Nov. 1875 ; 
was married in 1 865 to Helen Chilson, 
who was born in Ashtabula Co., Ohio, 
July 31, 184 -i. One child, named 
Charlie. Methodist ; Republican ; was 
Township Trustee two terms, and is now 
the Treasurer of the Creamery Associa- 
tion in Sand Spring. 

Brown John J., farmer . 

Buchus William. 

Buruham L. 11. laborer ; Sand Spring. 

Bjam P., physician ; Hopkinton. 

CAMPBELL JAMES C, merchant; 
Hopkinton. 

Campbell J. H. merchant ; Hopkinton. 

CARTER H. A. Retired Farmer; 
Hopkinton ; was born in Massachu- 
setts in 1806; lived there until about 
'IS years old ; removed from there to 
St. Louis, and lived there two years ; 
then came to Dubuque, and from there 
herein 1841 ; in partnership with Mr. 
Jackson ; bought the claim on which 
Hopkinton now stands, and laid out the 
town ; was engaged in farming most of 
the time. In 1850, moved to Cedar 
Rapids and ensaged in mercantile busi- 
ness ; was there three years and then 
moved his goods to Hopkinton and 
opened a store here. At one time had 
a store on the south side of the river. 
Was married January 1, 1833, to Susan 
Holt; she died December 21, 1850; 
had eight children, only four of whom 
are now living — Jane M.. Susan H., 
Sarah B., and Mary E. ; Dec. 15, 1853, 
w;us married to Mary J. Nash, who was 
born in Maine March D, 1822; they 
have three children living — Samuel P., 
William N. and H attic E. The family 
belong to the Presbyterian Church ; Re- 
publican. Mr. Carter built the first 
mill in this place; also built the first 
bridge across the Maquoketa here; it 
stood more dian twelve years ; has been 
extensively engaged in raising hops, and 
baled the first bale that was shipped 
from I(jwa. The idea of liaviny; a col- 



lege here originated with Mr. Carter, 

and he was the first to propose it. 
Carter S. P. Hopkinton. 
Chad^vell Geo., Sand Spring. 
Chaplin E. M. farmer; Sec. 26; P. 0. 

Sand Spring. 
Chelisy Ira. 

Cline Abraham, farmer; P. 0. Hopkinton. 
Cormony P. S. farmer; Sec. 17; P. 0. 

Hopkinton. 
Crawford C. A. carp. ; Hopkinton. 
Crawford G. H. blacksmith ; Hopkinton. 
Creamer J. P. faimer. 
Crocker Chas. farmer ; Sec. 28 ; P. 0. Sand 

Spring. 
Crocker Cyrus, farmer. 
Crozier Lewis, retired ; Hopkinton. 
Cruzenburg W. A. teacher in college ; 

Hopkinton. 
Cummings Saml. physician ; Sand Spring. 

D AMIS J. T. farmer; Sec. 17; P. 0. 
Hopkinton. 

Davis Robert. 

Davis W. E. station agent D. & N W. Ry. ; 
Hopkinton. 

DeLaush C. far; Sec. 8; P. 0. Hopkinton. 

De Laush J. far. ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 

Deshaw F. J., Sand Spring. 

Deshaw Frank, farmer ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 

Deshaw Henry, farmer ; P 0. Hopkinton. 

Deshaw Stephen, farmer ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 

Diftenderfer J. G. retired; P. O. Hop- 
kinton. 

Dighton B. F. far.; S. 8 ; P. 0. Hop- 
kinton. 

Dunlap Robt. S. far. ; S. 15 ; P. 0. Hop- 
kinton. 

DuWald Thos., Sand Spring. 

TT^WART HUGH, P. 0. Sand Spring. 

P^wart James, P. O. Sand Spring. 

Ewart John, farmer ; P. 0. Sand Spring. 

Egan Thomas. 

E ARHART FRA:^K M. Banker ; 
P. O. Hopkinton. The subject of this 
sketch was born in Ohio Sept. 1, 1848 ; 
lived there until 3 years of age, 
when he removed with his parents to 
Stark Co., 111. His home was on a farm 
until 22 years old, and then went to 
Henry, 111., to attend Marshall College. 
He left there for the purpose of teaching 
school fur a time ; while engaged in this 
occupation, he resolved to fit himself for 
a teacher, and accordingly entered the 
State Normal School, at Normal, 111. ; 



SOUTH FORK TOWNSHIP. 



671 



after attending that institution two years j 
he was offered the position of cashier in 
the bank at Wyomino;, 111., and accepted 
it ; this placg he filled for four years, 
and then went into business for himself ; 
continued at that for about one year and 
then came to this place in March, 1877, 
and has since been here conducting a 
general banking business. He was mar- 
ried May 15, 1874, to Miss Anna M. 
Rule, who was born in Stark Co., 111., 
Mar^-h 16, 1848 ; two children— Maud 
and Frank. Mr. Earhart was elected 
Mayor of Hopkinton at the last election ; 
he was able to bring letters of recom- 
mendation to this place equal to any the 
writer h:us ever seen ; they certify to his 
business capacity, and mark him a first- 
class business Juan. 
rpERGUSON J. H. farmer; Sec. 11; 

FINL.EY W. H., M. D. Physician; 
Hopkinton ; was born in Louisiana, Mo., 
Febrauy 15, 1831 ; lived there until 
21, and then went to Jacksonville, 111., 
and attended school there until 1 855 ; 
then came to Dubuque, Iowa, and 
studied medicine with Jno. W. Finley ; 
attended lectures at the State Medical 
College at Cincinnati, Ohio, and gradu- 
ated there in 1858 ; came to Hopkinton 
in Jan. 1859, and has since made this 
his home, practicing medicine ; was in 
the army two and one half years, first 
as Assistant Surgeon of the 12th I. V. 
I., and then as Surgeon of the 8th I. 
Cavalry ; after the war, returned here 
and resumed practice. Was married in 
1861, to Lucy A. Cooley, who was born 
near Springfield, Mass. ; she was precep- 
tress of Lenox Collegiate Institute, and 
connected with the school some two or 
three years. Owns 120 acres of land. 
Republican. 

Flude Wm. Prof of Music, Lenox Colle- 
giate Institute, Hopkinton. 

GALYEON RUF US, saw-mill; Hop- 
kinton. 

Gardiner Rufus, farmer. 

Gardner W. W. farmer. 

Garlinghouse D. teamster. Sand Spring. 

Geary W. P. blacksmith, Hopkinton. 

Gihbs Wm. far.; S. 1 ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 

ii^IB^O^ Wfl. S. Farmer; Sec. 15 ; 
P. 0. Hopkinton ; was born in Indiana 
Co., Penn., in 1822, and lived there 



until 6 years of age, when he went to 
Jefferson Co., in the same State and 
lived until 1866, then came to this 
county and has since made it his home ; 
owns 80 acres of land, valued at $2,800. 
Married Malinda McKee, of Pa., in 
1847 ; has five children — Thomas Mc- 
Kee, James A., Andrew C. C, William 
E., Jolin H. Mrs. Gibson died in 1876. 
Mr. Gibson was Justice of the Peace 
four years. Republican. Presb}'terian. 

Graham C. W. dealer in butter and cheese ; 
Sand Spring. 

Gosting E. far. ; S. 12 ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 

Green C. F far. ; S. 7 ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 

Green E. H.far.J; S. 8 ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 

Green J. W. flir. ; S. 7 ; P. O. Hopkinton. 

Gordon Barney, sec. boss ; Hopkinton. 

Guthrie P. farmer; Sec. 21 ; P. 0. Sand 
Spring. 

HARDESTY C. farmer; Sec. 36 : P. 
0. Sand Spring. 

HARDY JAMES, Retired Farmer; 
Hopkinton. Mr. Hardy was born in 
Campbell Co., Va., in 1816 ; lived there 
until 16 years old, when he went to 
Kentucky ; remained there five years, 
and then went to Illinois ; when 30 years 
of age, came to this county ; located on 
Government land, in what is now North 
Fork Tp. ; lived there until fourteen 
years ago, when he moved into Hopkin- 
ton ; has sold all of his farming land but 
about 110 acres ; was married June 22, 
1842, to Mary L. Sawyers, who was 
born in Washington Co., 111., June 18, 
1826 ; has two children living — John H. 
and Mrs. Martha J. Williamson ; one 
dead. Democrat. Has been a member 
of the M. E. Church thirty years ; has 
held the office of School Director and 
other township offices ; was a member of 
the first Grand Jury, and had the shade 
of a tree for the jury-room. 

Hatcter J. F. gunsmith ; Hopkinton. 

Harmon Merit, retd. clgmn. ; Hopkinton. 

Harper James, P. 0. Sand Spring. 

Harris Andrew, stone mason ; Hopkinton. 

Harris James, P. 0. Hopkinton. 

Harvey E. W. blacksmith ; Hopkinton. 

Hassenpflugh J. M. rtd. far. ; Sand Spring. 

Heeler James. 

Hendee D. D. butcher; Hopkinton. 

HendeeJH. N. dentist; Hopkinton. 

Hodge Rev. Samuel, D. D. Prest. Lenox 
Collegiate Institute ; Hopkinton. 



672 



DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY; 



Holcomb Andrew, lab. ; Hopkinton. 
Holcomb Darwin, farmer; Hopkinton. 
Holcomb Harry, farmer ; Hopkinton 
Holmes Samuel. 

Hopkins E. J. laborer; Hopkinton. 
Hubbard L. A. far. ; Sec. 28 ; P. 0. Sand 

Spring. 
Hussey John, laborer; Sand Spring. 
Hyler Chas. L. miller ; Hopkinton. 
Hyler G. L. miller; Hopkinton. 
Hyler G. W. miller ; Hopkinton. 
Hyler H. S. miller; Hopkinton. 

JEWETT D. C. farmer; Sec. 34; P. 
0. Sand Sprinu'. 

JACKSON LEROY, Retired; 
P. 0. Hopkinton ; wa8 born in Ken- 
tucky in 1804, and lived thereuntil 22 
years old ; he then went to New Orleans, 
but not being able to .«taud the climate, 
went to Missouri ; was there about five 
years, but came up to Galena for two 
Summers ; was in Iowa as early as 1828 ; 
Uved at Dubuque. Prairie du Chien and 
Galena ; was employed most of the time 
as an Indian trader; built the first brick 
house in Dubuque and kept the first 
hotel there ; in 1838, came to this county 
on a trading expedition, and liked the 
looks of the country so well that he 
remained ; about four hundred Indians 
here then ; in company with H. A. 
Carter, laid out the town of Hopkinton 
about 1840; was married in 1837, to 
Jeru^ha M. Wright, whowasborn in New 
York City in 1819 ; have eidit children 
living — Louisa, Henry C, Martha, Ed- 
ward, Susan, Frank, Fred, Louis; one 
son killed in the army; owns 400 acres 
of land ; Republican ; was fir.st Sheriff 
of the county and held the ofiice three 
years ; has a splendid spring near his 
house, over which he has built a cream- 
ery ; run a saw-mill on Plum Creek 
about twenty years; kept hotel here 
ever since he came. 

Johnson H. M. grain dealer ; Hopkinton. 

Joseph P. 0. shoemaker; Hopkinton. 

KEELER JAMES, farmer; Sec. 8; 
P. 0. Hopkinton. 
Kilpatrick, retired far.; P. 0. Hopkin- 
ton. 
Kiny Moor, laborer ; Hopkinton. 
Kirk J. C. farmer; P. O. Hopkinton. 
Kirk Ryan, farmer; P. 0. Hoj)kinton. 
Kirkwood A., Jr. fuin. deoler ; Hopin- 
kinton. 



KIRKWOOD ALEXAN- 

DER, Furniture Maker and Under- 
taker ; Hopkinton ; was born in Scot- 
land in 1811 ; came to this country iiK 
1829 ; lived at Albany, N. Y., two years, 
and then moved to Philadelphia and was 
there about six years ; in piano making 
business there ; returned to Scotland, 
where he lived two years and then came 
back here; lived at BuiFalo, N. Y., 
eight years, then moved into Canada, 
where he lived six years ; came to this, 
place in 1856, and has made it his home 
since ; was in 37th Iowa about two 
years, and discharged on account of sick- 
ness ; was married in 1831, to Agnes. 
G. Campbell ; has six children living — 
A. F., J C , Maggie, Marion, Helen J., 
Annie F. ; Mrs. Kirkwood died about 
two years ago ; Democrat. 

Kirkwood J. C. fiirn. dealer ; Hopkinton. 

T AKEY, JNO. 

Leifelholtz L. merchant ; Sand Spring. 

LEFFELHOLZ LEONARD, 

Merchant ; Sand Spring ; was born in 
Germany Oct. 1, 1845, and came to 
this country in 1865 ; his first stopping 
place was Dyersville, where he lived five 
years engaged in firming ; then came to 
Sand Spring and kept a saloon four 
years ; then engaged in the general mer- 
cantile business and has since continued 
at it. While in Germany, he was farm- 
ing and working at the blacksmith 
business; was married June 11, 1866, 
to Katrina Huttenmueller, who was born 
in Germany Oct. 25, 1841 ; has four 
children— Mary A., Sophia M., Maria 
S. and Leonard ; Dem. 

Littlefield J. E. far. ; Sec. 16 ; P. 0. Hop- 
kinton. 

Littlefield W. H. far.; Sec. 16; P. 0. 
Hopkinton. 

JLITTI.EFIEI.D P. M. Farmer; 
Sec. 16 ; P. O. Hopkinton; was born in 
this county in 1853 and has made it his 
home all his life ; was married in 1872, 
to Caroline Conner, from Illinois; have 
three children — Edith, Ethel and Perry ; 
owns 120 acres of land, valued at 
S3,500; h;is been fiirming all his life, 
and has never been out of the State but 
once. Republican. 

Livingston Alex, fir. ; Sec. 32 ; P. O. Sand 
Spring. 



SOUTH FORK TOWNSHIP. 



673 



I.IVIK<;STOX HVIOH, Drug 

gist ; Hopkinton ; tho parents of Mr. 
Livingston were among the first settlers 
in this county ; they were from Scotland, 
and had emigrated to the Selkirk settle- 
ment, on the Red River. They came 
to Dubuque in 1835; lived there until 
1887, when they came here and settled 
on Sections 19 and 30, it being the sec- 
ond claim made in the county. Mr. L. 
was born in this county in Oct., 1844; 
his father died when he was about 4 
years old, and he lived with his mother 
until 1866; he then went West and 
traveled over nearly all the Western 
States nnd Territories; was engaged 
most of the time in building the U. P. 
Ry., and followed that road through to 
its terminus ; about a year and a half 
was in the Government service ; was in 
the South awhile, in the stock business ; 
came back here about 1870 and went on 
to the farm again ; did some work for the 
D. & N. W. Ry. while on the farm ; 
about four years ago, he went into the 
drug business and has continued at it 
since ; Rep. ; Presb. 
Loop E. M. Hopkinton. 
liOOP NORM AX, Liveryman; 
Hopkinton; was born in Onondaga Co., 
N. Y., Nov. 25, 1833; when about 11 
years old, went to the Erie Canal and 
was engaged on canal and lake boats for 
thirteen years ; then came to Milwaukee, 
Wis., and lived in Wisconsin and Illi- 
nois eighteen months, engaged in farm- 
ing ; then came to this county and has 
made it his home here since ; about 
eleven months ago, began the livery 
business here; was married March 18, 
1856, to Charlotte Hays, who was born 
in Otsego Co., N. Y., in 1842 ; owns 
165 acres of land, valued at $5,000; 
Rep. 
Lord A. A. retired ; Hopkinton. 
liOUCjrH J. H. Liveryman ; Hopkin- 
ton ; was born in this county Feb. 3, 
1850 ; lived here until 1868, and then 
went to Clayton Co.. where he remained 
two years, and then returned to Dela- 
ware Co. ; was engaged in farming until 
about three years ago, when he com- 
menced the livery business here and h;is 
followed it since ; Rep. 
1IAI.I.ORY CHAS. W. Farmer; 
S. 14; P. 0. Sand Spring; was born in 



New York in 1834. When about 6 years 
old, he removed to Kane Co., 111., and 
lived there fifteen years, then moved to 
Bremer Co., Iowa. In 1861, enlisted 
in 9th Iowa Infantry, and served three 
years. After the war, he returned to 
Bremer Co., and remained there until 
1867, when he came to Delaware Co. 
In 1870, moved to Nebra,ska, but re- 
turned here in 1874. Married Jane 
Mullen, of Indiana, in 1864. They 
had two children — Ella D. and Mary J. 
Mrs. Mallory died Dec. 31, 1866. ; was 
married to Mary E. Bell, of Iowa, April 
8, 1869. They have three children — 
Llewellyn B., Minnie M., and Ray L. 
Republican ; Methodist Episcopal. 
Marks Theo. far. ; S. 5 ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 
Marshall Jas. machinist ; Sand Spring. 
MARTIN WM. H. Hopkinton, 
whose portrait appiears in this work, 
was born in Saratoga Co., N. Y., July 
2, 1810. His father, William Martin, 
was a native of New Jersey, and moved 
to Saratoga Co., N. Y. The subject of 
this sketch came to Wyoming Co., N. 
Y., in 1826, and was engaged in farm- 
ing. In the Fall of 1842, he came to 
Plum Creek, and was engaged in cutting 
wood on the Mississippi River. The 
same Summer, he purchased a farm, and, 
returning to Wyoming Co., N. Y., 
brought West his family, arriving at 
Plum Creek July 7, 1843, where his 
fiither died March 20, 1874. He 
moved from there to his present home 
in Hopkinton in Nov., 1874, where he 
has since resided. Was Mayor of Hop- 
kinton in 1877 ; married Martha White 
in Warsaw, N. Y., Jan. 6, 1840. She 
was born in Wyoming Co., N. Y., July 
23, 1817, and died at Plum Creek Sept. 
16, 1869. They had eight children, 
seven living — Adelma, Mary, Ann, El- 
len, Albina, Etta and Adele ; one dead 
— EInora. He married his present wife, 
Aurilla Farrand, in Sandusky, N. Y., 
Sept. 22, 1871. She was born in Fair- 
field, Vt., Aug. 15, 1835. They have 
two children — Winnie and Alice. 
Mason Wm. farmer. 
Mathers C. teamster ; Sand Spring. 
Mather Francis, teamster; P. 0. Sand 

Spring. 
Mathers T. far. ; S. 29 ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 
Matheson A. far. ; S. 20 ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 



674 



DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY: 



Mathoson Hugh, Constable ; Hopkinton. 
McARTHl^R JAMES, Flour Deal- 
er; Hdpkititon ; was born in Scott Co., 
Iowa, May 4, 1881), and lived there thirty- 
one years ; then came here, and has been 
here since ; while in Scott Co., he was 
engaged in farming ; since coming here, 
has been engaged in merchandising and 
in stock and grain business, handling 
stock and grain three years ; about six 
months ago, commenced to deal in flour 
exclusively ; has the entire flour trade 
of Hopkinton. except what is done at 
the mill; sells about 100 barrels per 
month; was married Feb. 1-1, 1863, to 
Miss M. J. Moore, who was born in Cin- 
cinnati in 1841. Presb. ; Rep.; has 
one child living — Anna E. 

McBride David, druggist; Hopkinton. 

McBride T. H. Prof Mathematics, Lenox 
Collegiate Institute; Hopkinton. 

McCartney N. far. ; S. 23 ; Sand Spring. 

McCollough Wm. farmer ; Sec 17 ; P. 0. 
Hopkinton. 

McCutchin Samuel, laborer ; Hopkinton. 

McDonald J. H. student; Hopkinton. 

McDonough Jno. f\ir. ; S 21 ; P. 0. Sand 
Spring. 

McDonough M. far. ; S. 21 ; P. 0. Sand 
Spring. 

McDonough T. far. ; S. 28 ; P. O. Sand 
Spring. 

McGinnis Wm. farmer. 

McGinty Michael, P. 0. Sand Spring. 

McVey A. far. ; S. 3() ; P. 0. Sand Spring. 

IMcVey J. far. ; S. 14 ; P. 0. Sand Spring. 

McVey J. W. far. ; S. 13 ; P. 0. Sand 
Spring. 

Merriam C. E. Postmaster ; Hopkinton. 

Mcrriam H. C. merchant; Hopkinton. 

Melchert M. farmer. 

Milroy Peter, grain dealer ; Hopkinton. 

Molthrope W. K. P. 0. Sand Spring. 

MorL'an Jas. ; P. O. Hopkinton. 

M0R<;AN wm. B. Merchant ; Hop- 
kinton ; was born in 1830 in New York ; 
while very young, his parents moved to 
Pa. ; when 15 years did came to this 
county and settled near here ; is by trade 
a carpenter and joiner ; went into the 
army in 18(il, in'Co. K, 12th I. V. I. ; 
was discharged at Pittsburg Landing 
in 18li2, and then came back here ; in 
18()3, went into the mercantile business ; 
was in business about six years, and then 
.>^old out, and went on a farm where he 



lived eight years, then commenced busi- 
ness here again. Was married in Dec, 
1854, to Sarah Douglass, from Ohio ; has 
two children — James and Charles ; Rep. 

Morrison J. E. far.; S. 15; P.O. Sand Spring 

Morrison J. far.; Sec. IG; P. 0. Hopkinton. 

Morrison Wm. retired ; Hopkinton. 

Moseroy Alex. 

Moulton Simon, stone mason ; Hopkinton. 

Mullen J. far. ; See. 9. 

Munster P. far. ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 

Murray James, far. ; Sec. 14 ; P. 0. Sand 
Spring. 

Myers A. B. stone mason ; Hopkinton. 

Myers S. K. P. 0. Hopkinton. 

Myers W. W. livery stable ; Hopkinton. 

^TEEL ALEX, farmer; Sec. 22; P. 

XN 0. Sand Spring. 

/^~\'SHAY James. laborer; Hopkinton. 

Overing E. J. wagon mkr. ; Sand Spring. 
Overing Jas. retired ; Sand Spring. 
Overing W. A.mitnufacturer ; Sand Spring. 

PAINE DEWIT, Sec. 25 ; P. 0. Sand 
Spring. 

Paine P. A. far. ; S. 25 ; P. 0. Sand Spring. 

Patterson W. A. farmer ; Sec. 36 ; P. 0. 
Sand Spring. 

Paul Frank, teacher; Hopkinton. 

Paul Henry, laborer; Hopkinton. 

Pelts Peter, farmer. 

Perkins E. C, teacher; Hopkinton. 

Perley C. C. far. ; S. 36 ; P. 0. Sand Spring. 

Peters Fred, Sand Spring. 

Petrie Wm. teamster ; Sand Spring. 

Phillips C. far. ; S. 26 ; P. 0. Sand Spring. 

Pierce D. C. 

Pierce H. M. 

Pierce N. E. photographer ; Hopkinton. 

Piatt Milton, laborer ; Hopkinton. 

POPE B. F. Farmer ; Sec. 27 ; P. 0. 
Sand Spring ; was born in St. Lawrence 
Co., N. ¥., in May, 1805 ; lived there, 
engaged in farming, until 1856, and then 
mi.ved to Elkhorn, Wis. ; while there, 
was in mercantile and grain buying busi- 
ness ; in 1861. he came to this place, 
settled on his present site, and has since 
lived here engaged in farming ; owns a 
farm of 45 acres. Was married in 
August, 1857, to Miss Bristol, who was 
born in Genesee Co., N. Y., in 1821; 
! two children — Mary H. Bowen and 
Hattie E. Republican. Was Magis- 
' tratc two years, and Road Supervisor 
one year. 



SOUTH FORK TOWNSHIP. 



675 



Porter Henry, lab.; P. 0. Hopkinton. 

QUIRK, EDMUND, farmer; Sec. H5; 
P. 0. Sand Spring. 
Quirk J. far. ; S. 35 ; P. 0. Sand Spring. 
Quirk 11. far. ; S. 86 ; P. 0. Sand Spring. 

REED H. W. farmer, Sec. -i ; P. O. 
Hopkinton. 

Reed A. G.; P. 0. Sand Spring. 

Reed Jas.; P. 0. Sand Spring. 

Reed J. A.; P. 0. Sand Spring. 

Reed J. S. far.; S. H2 ; P. 0. Sand Spring. 

REEVES C. E. Butcher; P. 0. Hop- 
kinton ; was born in Lorain Co., Ohio, 
in June, 1841 ; when about 21, learned 
the photographer's business, at Colum- 
bus, and worked at it about two or three 
years ; was sick then for about three 
years ; then went to Grand Rapids, 
Mich., where he was engaged in travel- 
ing for a confectionery house and clerk- 
ing in a grocery store ; returned to 
Ohio in about two years, and went to 
butchering ; engaged in that about 
two or three years, and then came to 
Hopkinton and engaged at once in 
the butcher business, and has continued 
at it since. Was married in April, 
1873, to Emma Root, who was born in 
Lorain Co., Ohio, in 1843 ; two children 
— Edward C. and Willie R. Repub- 
lican. 

Reeves Isaac, butcher ; Hopkinton. 

Rickets C. H. far.; S. 16 ; P.O. Hopkinton. 

Ricketts H. far.; S. 16 ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 

Rodgers A. E. student ; Hopkinton. 

Rollins J. A. sta. agt. D. S. W. R'y ; P. 
0. Sand Spring. 

Roth Peter, farmer. 

Rush John, com. trav.; P. 0. Hopkinton. 

Rutter E. carpenter ; Hopkinton. 

Rutter H. E. carp.; P. 0. Hopkinton. 

Rutter J. A. laborer ; Hopkinton. 

Rynders A. shoemkr ; Sand S])ring. 

SCHLEMLEIN J. R. Sr. tailor; P. 
0. Hopkinton. 
Schlemlein J. R. Jr. wagon mkr.; Hop- 
kinton. 
Samuels Frank, farmer. 
Seager Jas. 

Shane R. far.; S. 34 ; P. 0. Sand Spring. 
Shimeal C. F. harness mkr.; Hopkinton. 
Shoemaker T. far.; S.26 ; P.O.Sand Spring. 
Shuster Cris. farmer. 

Slausen F. D. far.; S.25; P.O.Sand Spring. 
Slausen Jas. P. 0. Sand Spring. 
Slausen N. far. ; S. 22 ; P.O. Sand Spring. 



SliAlISEN H, n. Retired Farmer ; 
Sand Spring ; was born in Montgomery 
Co., N. Y.,^ in March 18(14, and lived 
there until 1851 ; when 14 years 
old, commenced teaming and teamed 
six years ; then learned the cooper's 
trade and worked at that about thirty 
years; he came hei'e in 1851, and com- 
menced farming and continued at that 
until five years ago when he moved into 
town ; owns ^'-00 acres of land. Wa.s 
married Nov. 23, 1828, to Laura Eldred; 
has six children — Nelson, Douglas, 
James, Malvina, Fannie and Ella. Dem- 
ocrat. 
Smith A. W, carpenter, Hopkinton. 

Smith H. far.; S. 4; P. 0. Hopkinton. 
SMITH ISAAC, Retired ; Hopkin- 
ton ; was born in Berkshire Co., Mass., 
in November, 1803 ; lived there until 14 
years old and then moved to Ohio ; in 
1830, went back to New York and 
remained until 1846, when he came to 
this county and moved on to a farm 
six miles west of Hopkinton; in 1855, 
he moved into Hopkinton, there being 
only two houses here at the time ; until 
that time was engaged principally in 
farming, and since then has been work- 
ing at carpenter's trade. Was married 
in 1826 to Lucy Crozier, who was born 
in Mass., in 1809; has four children 
living — Catherine, Angeline, Perry L., 
and Eliza; three dead. Was in the 
army three years, in Co. F, 37th Iowa, 
the "grey beards;" was Sheriff here 
four years, and Assessor at the same 
time. Republican. Presbyterian. 

Smith J. A. laborer, Hopkinton. 

Smith J. D. T. farmer; Sec. 11; P. 0. 
Sand Spring. 

Smith P. D. lumber dealer ; Hopkinton. 

Smith P L. painter; Hopkinton. 

Snickles Geo. laborer ; Hopkinton. 

Spaulding M. L. 

Spence Wni. far. ; Sec. 29 ; P. 0. Sand 
Spring. 

Sylvester J. W. laborer; Hopkinton. 

rr^ATE A. brick maker; Hopkinton. 

TAPPIXG L.. C. Hopkinton ; was 
born in Burlington, Vt., March 22, 
1812, where he resided until the age of 
30, when he went to Washington Co., 
N. Y., working at the iron business for 
ten years; he then moved to McKarie 



676 



DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY 



Co., Pa., remaining there until his re- 
moval to Hopkinton in 185G, where he 
has since resided, having been en- 
gaged in blauksmithing and repairing 
machinery until five years since, when 
he built the " Central House," of which 
he is still proprietor. He married his 
first wife, Miss Ruth Bennett, of Rich- 
mond, Vt., Jan 7, 1833 ; she died Aug. 
30, 1857 ; they had ten children, one 
only living — Horace T. His second 
wife was Susan Mariam, whom he mar- 
ried Jan. 14, 1858 ; she died October, 
1859. His third wife was Lydia Light- 
ner ; was married to her Jan. 27, 186U ; 
she died in 1862. Married his fourth 
and present wife, Elizabeth J. Gilbert, 
March 12, 1865. He has an adopted 
daughter, formerly Eva Robbnew, named 
Eva Adeline Tapping. 

Tate D. H. brick maker ; Hopkinton. 

Tate John W. P. 0. Hopkinton. 

Taylor W. H. carpenter ; Hopkinton. 

Tertelotte S. J. ins. agt. ; P. 0. Hopkin- 
ton. 

Tesser Thos. lab. ; Hopkinton. 

Thompson E. W. lab. ; Sand Spring. 

Thompson Thos. Pastor M. E. Church ; 
P. 0. Hopkinton. 

Tibbits J. far. ; S. 10 ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 

Tibbits Samuel. 

Tuttle A. Justice of the Peace; Sand 
Spring. 

YANCE W. H. farmer ; P. 0. Hop- 
kinton. 

WESTCOTT P. F. jeweler; P. 0. 
Hopkinton. 
WALLACE, JOHN J. Dealer in 
Hardware ; Hopkinton ; was born in 
in Orange Co., N. Y., Sept. 27, 1841 ; 
he lived there until December, 1863, 
when he came here ; he lived on a farm 
until he was 21, when he commenced 
work as a tinner ; after moving West he 
worked at that trade two years, and 
then went back to New York ; remained 
there one year and then returned to this 
place ; cngatrod in various occupations 
until 1S73, when he went into the hard- 
ware business as one of the firm of 
Crawford & Wallace; in 1875 bought 
out his partner, and has since conducted 
the business himself; was married in 
January, 1876, to Ella Kentz, who was 
born in Linn Co., Iowa; one child; Re- 
publican. 



WARNER PETER H. Was bom 

in Cobleskill, Schoharie Co., N. Y., 
Oct. 20, 1821, and resided in that por- 
tion of the town which was subse(juent- 
lyset oif to the new town of Richmond- 
ville until April 23, 1856, then removed 
to Hopkinton, Delaware Co., Iowa, ar- 
riving there on the 30th day of the 
same month, where he has continued to 
reside until the present time. He 
■served a clerkship at general merchan- 
dising from September, 1839, until 
April 1 843, and from that time was en- 
gaged in mercantile pursuits (for him- 
self and others) until his removal to 
Hopkinton, since which time his princi- 
pal occupation has been that of merchan- 
dising, conjointly with the dental, photo- 
graphic, watch making and jewelry busi- 
ness. As Hopkinton increased in popu- 
lation and other hands were ready to re- 
ceive those branches, all except the 
photographic branch were turned over 
to them. During his residence at Hop- 
kinton, he held the office of School Di- 
rector about two years, Township Clerk 
abiiut five years, Postmaster eight 
years. Justice of the Peace eight years, 
Notary Public ten years, and Secretary 
of the Board of Directors of the Inde- 
pendent School District of Hopkinton 
five years, still retaining the two last 
mentioned offices. He established the 
first drug, dental, photographic and 
watch making and jewelry business at 
Hopkinton, and called the first meeting 
ever held in the interest of the Daven- 
port & Northwestern Railway Company. 
Photography, surveying and convey- 
ancing are the principal branches of 
business which engage his attention at 
the present time. He was married at 
Richmondville, N. Y., on the 28th day 
of February, 1844, to Lucina K. West- 
cott, who was born at Milford, Otsego 
Co., N. Y., on the 20th day of Novem- 
ber, 1824 ; have two children, both born 
at Richmondville — Theresa E., Sept. 21, 
1845, and Melville 0., Aug, 7, 1851. 
Theresa E. was married to Willis E. 
Brown May 16, 1866, and who soon 
after removed to Manchester, Delaware 
' Co., Iowa, where she now resides with her 
I husband. They have one son — Willis 
' Warner Brown, aged 7 years. Mel. 
ville 0. also resides at Manchester. 



RICHLAND TOWNSHIP. 



♦377 



Westcott S. farmer ; P. 0. Sand Sprim 

Wheeler Lewis, farmer. 

White Barney, farmer. 

Whitney R. W. laborer ; Sand Spring. 

Willard A. laborer ; Hopkinton. 

Willard Daniel, carpenter; Hopkinton. 

Willard F. B. laborer ; Hopkinton. 

Willard Harrison, laborer. 

Willard P. H. laborer; Hopkinton. 

Willard Bufus, laborer ; Hopkinton. 

Wilson Allen, farmer. 



Wilson D. A. farmer ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 
Wilson Robt, far.; S. 8 ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 
Wilkinson William. 
Williambush Hermann, far.; S. 3 ; P. 0. 

Worthington. 
Williamson J. T. stock dealer ; Hopkinton. 
Williamson W. R. druggist; Hopkinton. 
Wood F. E. far.; S. 20 ; P. 0. Sand Spring. 
Wylie R. Pastor Covenanters' Church ; 

Hopkinton 
YonkerJ. H. retired far.; P.O. Sand Spring. 



RICHLAND TOWNSHIP. 



ALLEN JESSE. Sr. farmer; Sec. 26 ; 
P. 0. Forestville. 

AL.L.EN J. L. Farmer; Sec. 22; P. 
0. Forestville ; owns one-third interest 
in the Allen estate, which consists of 
16U acres of land, worth $3,500"; born 
in Illinois Jan. 14, 1852 ; came to this 
county with his parents in 1854, where 
he married Margaret Bentz Oct. 5, 
1873 ; she was born in Buffalo, N. Y., 
April 30, 1854 ; they have oue son — 
George A., born May 20, 1876. Is a 
Democrat. 

Alstine Geo. far. ; Sec. 7 ; P. O. Campton. 

ASPL.UND ISAAC, Farmer ; Sec. 
3 ; P. 0. Strawberry Point ; owns 90 
acres, worth $2,500 ; was born near 
Briston, England, June 22. 1819, where 
he married Mary Mason April 1, 1840, 
who died in July, 1866 ; came to Amer- 
ica in 1847, and settled in Racine Co., 
Wis.; came to this county in 1854, 
where he married Rebecca Ward July 

20, 1867; she was born in Wayne Co., 
Ind., Dec. 20, 1827; has two children 
by his first wife — Mary and Betsy ; his 
children by this marriage are Susan, 
born May 15, 1868, and Bert, June 9, 
1874. Is a Democrat. 

BAILEY WILLIAM, farmer; Sec. 
22 ; P. O. Forestville. 
Beach W. C. far. ; S. 14 : P. 0. Forestville. 
BENTZ J. G. Farmer ; Sec. 14 ; P. 
0. Forestville; owns 100 acres of laud, 
worth $2,000 ; born in Germany Sept. 

21, 1821, where he married Dora Pfleger 
November, 1842; she was born in Ger- 
many May 27, 1824; camo to America 
and settled in Buffalo, N. Y., in 1844, 



and to this county in 1854 ; their chil- 
dren are — Sophroina, born Nov. 1, 
1843; Mary, born in Buffalo Dec. 18, 
1847 ; Margaret, born in Buffalo April 
30, 1854 ; Louisa, born in Iowa Dec. 
18, 1856, and Matilda, born Dec. 29, 
1858; four children deceased ; is a Re- 
publican in politics. 

Briggs D. blacksmith; Forestville. 

Briggs Ed. 1 iborer ; Edgewood. 

Briogs Geo. lab. ; S. 26 ; P. 0. Forestville. 

Britt Horace, farmer ; S. 7 ; P. 0. Camp- 
ton. 

Burroughs Erastus, mason ; Forestville. 

/~^ARY J. far. ; S. 26 ; P. 0. Forestville. 

Cassey M. carpenter; Forestville. 

Clark Oliver, far. ; S. 14 ; P. 0. Forestville. 

€Ii ARK THOMAS, Farmer ; Sees. 
14, 11 and 24; P. 0. Forestville; born 
in Yorkshire, Eng., June 2, 1830. He 
emigrated to the United States of 
America and settled on his present 
farm, now consisting of 320 acres, 
worth $9,000, in 1854, where he mar- 
ried Elizabeth Wharton July 20, 1855. 
She was born in Cumberland Co., Eng., 
Nov. 20, 1828. Her parents emigrated 
to the United States of America when 
she was but 4 years old. Oliver C, 
John W., Mary A., Thomas J., Carrie 
C, Harriett E., Cora E.. x\nnie L., 
Florence and Flora (^twins), and Fred- 
erick F. are the names of their children. 
Mr. C. has been President of the School 
Board ten years. 

Coleman A. C. far. ; S. 34 ; P.O. Forestville. 

Coleman M. renter ; S. 21; P.O. Forestville. 

Cooper J. renter ; S. 7; P.O. Wards Corner 



67S 



DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY : 



COWLES ERKEST E. Farm- 
er; Sec. 19; P. O. Campton ; born in 
the house where he now lives Nov. 3, 
1856 ; married Mary E. Bishop Dec. 
23, 1877, who was born in Michigan, 
Jan. 6, 1857 ; is a Republican in politics. 

COWI.es H. D. Butter Maker; 
Sec. li) ; P. 0. Campton; owns cream- 
ery, value $2,000; capable of handling 
5,000 pounds ofmilk daily ; is now pre- 
paring to manufacture cheese in connec- 
tion with the creamery ; born in Hardin 
Co., Mass., Dec. 30, 1832 ; came to this 
county in 1854, where he married Sarah 
Em< rson Nov. 30, 1859, who was born 
in Erie Co., N. Y., Feb. 7, 1829; their 
children are Charles R., born Jan. 14, 
' 1861, and John H., Jan. 12., 1863 ; en- 
listed in 7th Iowa C. Oct. 10, 1864 ; 
was honorably discharged Oct. 10, 
1865; is a Republican and Close Com- 
munion Baptist. 

DAVIS GERMAN, farmer ; Sec. 5 ; 
P. 0. Strawberry Point. 

DAVIS C. R. Farmer and Manufac- 
turer of Lime ; Sec. 5 ; P. 0. Strawberry 
Point ; owns forty acres, which, with 
three lime kilns, is valued at f 1,500 
born in Windsor Co., Vt., July 4, 1804 
inarried Percis Hunt Oct. 31, 1842 
she was born in same county Feb. 19, 
1811 ; came to this county and settled 
on his present farm in Sept., 1 850 ; their 
children are Emeline, born June 16, 
1846; German, Dec. 11, 1853, and 
Watson, Oct. 20, 1856; Ozias, their 
oldest son, was born Oct. 16, 1843 ; en- 
listed in the 16th la. V. I., and died in 
the hospital of the measles. 

Davis J. W. far. ; S. 2 ; P. 0. Forestville. 

Donath E. far. ; Sec. 7 ; P. 0. Campton. 

Donath F. far.; Sec. 7; P. 0. Campton. 

Donak Jos. far.; S. 17 : P. 0. Campton. 

I>OYI.E HENRY, Farmer; Sees. 
4 and 5 ; P. 0. Forestville ; born in 
Ireland in 1826; he emigrated to the 
United States of America in 1837. 
making his first settleruent in Renssa- 
laer Co., N. Y.; in 1842, he came to 
Chillicothe, Ross Co., Ohio, where he 
served an apprenticeship at the cabinet 
business; in 1847, he came West and 
settled in Galena, 111., where he married 
Henrietta J. Dunn April 15, 1852; she 
was born in Johnson Co., Ind., April 
12, 1834; in 1853. they emigrated to 



Jackson Co., Iowa, returning to Du- 
buque in 1857, where he was engaged 
in the cabinet business ; in 1862, they 
came to this county, and in 1875 settled 
on their present farm, consisting of 160 
acres, worth $7,000. William, bora 
Jan. 29, 1853; Martha L., born Sept. 
6, 1854; John M., born April 20, 
1856; Ilettie, born Aug. 8, 1860; 
Emma May, born March 13, 1862, are 
the names and births of their children. 

Doyle Wm. far.; S. 24 ; P. 0. Forestville. 

Doyle J. M. far.; S. 24 ; P. 0. Forestville. 

DUBOIS JOHN, Farmer; Sec. 23; 
P. 0. Taylorsville ; owns 128 acres, and 
town property in Manchester to the 
value of S4,000 ; born in Cayuga 
Co., N. Y . Feb. 3, 1832 ; came to To- 
ledo, Ohio, in 1851. and to this county 
in 1857, first settling in Delhi, where 
he married Marion Walters Oct. 22, 
1857, who was born in Mahoning Co., 
Ohio, March 22, 1840; enlisted in 21st 
Regiment la. V. I., Co. H, Aug. 22, 
1861, and participated in the battles of 
Vicksburg, Spanish Ford and Blakely, 
and at the capture of Mobile; honor- 
ably discharged in August, 1864; they 
have one child living — Edward, born 
Sept. 19, 1866; one adopted child — 
Gertrude, born May 17, 1873; and one 
child deceased — Florence, born Dec, 9,. 
1859, and died April 7, 1863 ; is a Re- 
publican and Universalist. 

Dunsmore Joe, far.; S. 6 ; P. 0. Straw- 
berry Point. 

Dunsmore Mills, far.; S. 6 ; P O. Straw- 
berry Point. 

Dunsmore William, far.; S. 6 ; P. 0. Straw- 
berry Point. 

DIIRHAM JOHN, Farmer; S. 13 ; 
P. 0. Forestville; owns 275 acres, value 
110,000 ; born in Yorkshire, England. 
June 20, 1820; came to America in 
1828 with parents, who settled in Lower 
Canada ; married Mary Dunham in Cas- 
tleton, Vt., April 22, 1852 ; she was born 
in Clinton Co., N. Y. ; they settled on 
their present farm in the Spring of 1854. 
At that time, there was not a house be- 
tween him and York ; on his first trip 
to Delhi to pay his taxes, he stopped 
where Manchester now is, to get some 
crackers and cheese, but there was none 
to be had. Their children are Sarah 
J., born in Salem, N. Y., June 18, 1853 ; 



RICHLAND TOWNSHIP. 



619 



I 



Martha A., April 2G, 1850; Charles 
H., April 24, 1860, and Eddie S., Dec. 
14, 186() ; is a Democrat and a member 
of the M. E. Church. 
T^AFFEL VANCEL, farmer; S. 20; 
J P. 0. Forestville. 

Ferguson Charles, for.; S. 11 ; P. O. For- 
estville. 

Field Smith, far.; Sec. 22 ; P. 0. Forest- 
ville. 

FOLSOM H. H. Farmer and Man- 
ufacturer of Lime ; Sec. (5 ; P. 0. Straw- 
berry Point; owns 87 1 acres in this 
county, and 250 acres in Clayton Co., 
valued at $4,000 ; born in Canaan, N. 
H., Feb. 21, 1825 ; came to Winnebago 
Co., 111., in 1834, where he married 
Harriet E. Russell, who is now de- 
ceased ; married again Mary A. Parker 
September 15, 1866; she was born 
February 10, 1836; their children are 
Harriet, born September 11, 1867; 
Lora M., Dec. 6, 1870; Charles H., 
May, 1873, and Mary E , July 6, 1848 ; 
Alice H., Nov. 21, 1854; Willie, 
September 26, 1866 ; has two children 
by his first wife — Frank E., born Dec. 
7, 1852 ; Harrison E., Sept. 2, 1856 ; 
Mr. F. settled in Clayton Co. in 1852. 

Fruman J. H. lab.; S. 23; P. 0. Forest- 
ville. 

GLEASON J. A. farmer; Sec. 1 ; P. 
0. Strawberry Point. 

GL.EA|i$OX A.W. Farmer ; Sec. 1 ; 
P. 0. Strawberry Point ; owns, with 
his brother, 300 acres, worth $9,000 ; 
born in Worcester, Mass., Feb. 21, 
1831 ; came to De Kalb Co., 111., where 
he married Frances E. Fritts March 22, 
1858; she was born in Providence, N. 
Y., Nov. 16, 1837 ; their children are 
Sarah E., born in De Kalb Co., 111., 
March 22, 1860 ; Hattie M., born in 
same county June 30, 1862 ; Mary E., 
born in this county July 8, 1866 ; Frank 
B., born in this county Sept. 1, 1868 ; 
is a Republican in politics. 

Gilbert Daniel, grocer ; Forestville. 

Gilbert L. far. ; S. 22 ; P. 0. Forestville. 

Gilbert N. far. ; S. 10 ; P. 0. Forestville. 

Ginger A. S.far.; S. 26 ; P. 0. Manchester. 

Gratkie T. far.; S. 8 ; P. 0. Forestville. 

GRAVE!^ HENRY W. Farmer ; 
Sec. 24 ; P. O. Forestville ; owns 100 
acres worth $3.500 ; born in Jackson 
Co., Iowa, Nov. 7, 1841 ; came to this 



county, with parents, in 1851, first set- 
tling in Colony Township ; married 
Nancy Cuppett Dec. 17, 1866 ; i^he was 
born in Bedford Co., Pa., Dec. 10, 1845 ; 
settled on present farm Jan. 2, 1867 ; 
their children are Lienella, born June 
13, 1868; Mary L., Sept. 30, 1871, 
and Belinda, Aug. 31, 1875 ; is a Dem- 
ocrat and member of the M. E. Church. 
HEBRON GEORGE Jr. farmer; 
Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Forestville. 
HAWIiEY GEORii^E C. Farm- 
er ; Sec. 20 ; P. 0. Camjtton ; owns 
440 acres, valued at $13,500 ; born in 
Canada East April 25, 1826; went to 
Kane Co.,. 111., in May, 1849; married 
Aurelia Lake Feb. 6, 1 855 ; she was 
born in Upper Canada May 26, 1831 ; 
previous to marriage he went to Califor- 
nia, where he remained three years, 
engaged in mining ; returned in 1853, 
and settled on his presi nt farm in 1855 ; 
his children are Frank, born Dec. 30, 
1862; Katie, Dec. 9, 1865; George, 
May 16, 1872, and Charles, April 29, 
1874 ; one child deceased — Alice, born 
April 6, 1859, died Dec. 18, 186G; is 
a Republican and Free-Will Baptist. 

HEBRON CiiEORGE, Farmer and- 
Dairyman ; Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Forestville 
owns 200 acres, valued at $8,000 ; born 
in Yorkshire, England, May 9, 1826, 
where he married Hannah Walt Dec. 
20, 1850 ; she was born in same place 
Sept. 1, 1820 ; came to America, and 
settled in Buffiilo, N. Y., April, 1853 ; 
settled on his present farm in March, 
1856 ; carries on the dairy business 
quite extensively ; forty cows ; Mrs 
Hebron returned to England on a visit 
in 1872, and their daughter, Eliza, took 
the same trip in 1876 ; his children are 
Eliza, born Oct. 3, 1851 ; George A., 
Feb. 14, 1856; Eleanor E., Oct. 4, 
1858 ; they have an adopted son — Geo. 
J., born June 27, 1862, who came to 
America with Mrs. H. in 1872; they 
have lost one child — Albert, born Feb. 
18, 1854, and died Sept. 14, 1854; 
Mrs. H. has one son by a former mar- 
riage named William Walt, born Oct. 7, 
1844; is a Republican and Methodist. 

Hebron W. H. far. ; S. 11 ; P. 0. Forest- 

HEBRON WILLIAH, Farmer; 
Sec. 11; P. 0. Forestville ; born in 



680 



DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY: 



Yorkshire, England, Nov. 22, 1822 ; he 
married Christiana Chapman July 29, 
1849 ; she was born in Ingleby, En- 
gland, Sept. 6, 1S22; they emigrated to 
the United States in Sept. 1855, first 
settling in Buffalo, N. Y., and, in 1857, 
came to this county and settled on his 
present farm, consisting of IGO acres, 
worth S-i,t>(»0. Elizabeth, born Oct. 
8, 185U; Mary E., iMay 9, 1852; Wm. 
H., Aug. 20, 1856 ; Edward and Edwin 
(twins), Feb. 10, 1858; James S., 
March lU, 1860, and John, Feb. 16, 
1862, are the names and births of their 
children. Republican. 

Hickox George, carp.; P. 0. Forestville. 

HICK OX RYAL., Farmer; Sec. 
1-4 ; P. 0. Forestville ; born in Cort- 
land Co., N. Y., Dec. 19, 1821. He 
married Polly Fish March 31,1844; 
slie was born in Cortland Co., N. Y., 
March 2,1822; in May, 1845, they 
moved to Canada and settled near Port 
Rowan ; again returning to New York, 
where they remained till 1853, then re- 
turning to Canada ; and in 1858, they 
came to Stephenson Co., 111. ; in 1863, 
they emigrated to this county, and in 
1 876, settled on their present farm, con- 
sisting of eighty acres, worth $2,800. 
George M.,born Nov. 18, 1844, is their 
only child. Democrat; was elected 
Justice of the Peace in 1876. 

Hollister W. H. Jr. creamery; Sec. 1; 
P. 0. Strawberry Point. 

Hooker C. W. farmer; Sec. 25; P.O. 
Manchester. 

Hooker H. far.; S. 25 ; P. 0. Manchester. 

Hooker R. D. farmer ; Sec. 25 ; P. 0. 
Forestville. 

HOUSilIAN THOMAS, Butter 
Maker; Sec. 32; P. 0. Manchester; 
owns 360 acres in Buchanan and Dela- 
ware Counties ; born in Orleans Co., N. 
Y., March 19, 1827 ; came to Michigan 
with parents in 1838, where he married 
Mary Ann Bcardsley Jan. 1, 1853 ; 
married Barbara Wittman March 4, 
1866 ; she was born in Germany, July 
21, 1839 ; came to this county in March, 
1866; they have one child — Laura 
Housraan, born Oct. 15, 1865. 

Howland B. far. ; S. 2 ; P. 0. Strawberry 
Point. 

IVES J. B. farmer; Sec. 28 ; P. O. 
Forestville. 



Ives S. farmer; Sec. 28 ; P. 0. Forestville. 

KALTENBACH LUTHER, farmer ; 
Sec. 8 ; P. 0. Forestville. 
Katsaler J. far. ; Sec. 17 ; P. 0. Campton. 
Keanna J. far. ; Sec. 29 ; P. 0. Campton. 
Kelsey W. fiir. ; Sec. 4 ; P. 0. Strawberry 

Point. 
Kenyon W. far. ; Sec. 30 ; P. 0. Campton. 

LAITY RICHARD, farmer; Sec. 10; 
P. 0. Forestville. 
Larabee A. M. far. ; S. 21 ; P. O. Forest- 

I.AWRENCE ALBERT E. 

Farmer; Sec. 12; P. 0. Forestville; 
owns eighty acres worth $2,500 ; born 
in Chautauqua Co., N. Y., March 4, 
1835 ; came to Clayton Co., Iowa, in 
1855, where he married Mary D. Sim- 
mons May 6, 1862, who was born in 
Madison Co., N. Y., Feb. 6, 1844 ; 
settled on his present farm in March, 
1865; Nellie, born March 9, 1864, is 
their only child ; is a RepubHcan. 

Lawrence L. far. ; S. 34 ; P.O. Forestville. 

Lee J. P. laborer ; Forestville. 

Lee Walter, laborer ; Forestville. 

Letts M. far. ; S. 21 ; P. 0. Forestville. 

Loop A. H. far. ; S. 25 ; P. 0. Forestville. 

nVyTcFARLAND JIM. saloon; Forest- 
Marsh C. lal)orer ; Forestville. 

MIDDLETON HUGH, Farmer ; 
Sec. 10 ; P. 0. Forestville ; owns 170 
acres, value $5,000 ; owns stock in Iowa 
Union Creamery, in Clayton Co. ; born 
in Hereford Co., England, Nov. 23, 
1839 ; came to America in 1850, and 
to this county in 1854 ; married Esther 
Ann Laity Nov. 29, 1869 ; she was born 
in Jo Daviess Co., 111., April 29, 1852; 
their children are Mary L., born May 22, 
1871, and Arthur H., April 16, 1874; 
Mr. M.'s father was born in England, 
Aug. 3, 1803, and his mother was born 
in Hereford, England, Aug. 25, 1800 ; 
they now reside with their .son in this 
town. Mr. M. is a Republican. 

Mattice G. far. ; S. 36 ; P. 0. Manchester. 

Messenger S. H. farmer ; Sec. 6 ; P. O. 
Strawberry Point. 

Middleton Wm. far.; Sec. 10 ; P. 0. Forest- 
ville. 

Millett M. farmer; Sec. 18; P. 0. Camp- 
ton. 

Miilett R. farmer; Sec. 18; P. 0. Camp- 
ton. 



RICHLAND TOWNSHIP. 



681 



MILL.ETT Wm. J. Farmer; Sec. 
7 ; P. 0. Campton ; owns 160 acres, val- 
ued at S4,000 ; born in Lenawee Co., 
Mich., Oct. 12,1834; in 1845, he, with 
his parents, settled in Jo Daviess Co., 111. ; 
married Caroline A. Wiltse, in this 
county, Ma_y 3, 1855, and settled on his 
prcseni farm in the Fall of the same 
jear ; Mrs. M. was born in Canada 
March 7, 1828. Enlisted in the 27th 
T. V. I., Co. F, Aug. 8, 1862 ; was en- 
gaged in the battles of Pleasant Hill, 
Old Town Creek, Nashville, Fort Blake- 
ly and others ; was honorably discharged 
Aug. 8, 1865 ; is now Justice of the 
Peace ; has held the office of Constable 
and Township Trustee ; his children are 
William B., born Sept. 15, 1857; 
George W., Feb. 18, 1862 ; Elmer D., 
June 13, 1866; Hiram, March 22, 
1868, and Dora B., Dec. 1, 1870; one 
child deceased — Emma, born Sept. 1, 
1859, died March 10, 1872. 

Mitchell J. laborer ; P. 0. Forestville. 

Myers G. farmer ; Sec. 14 ; P. 0. Forest- 
ville. 

^^TEWATNEY W. far. ; S. 17 ; P. 0. 

J_\| Campton. 

ODELL FRANK, laborer; Sec. 22; 
P. 0. Forestville. 
OISGRRBY JABEZ, Farmer; Sec. 
35 ; P. 0. Manchester ; owns 170 acres, 
worth $4,000 ; born in Lancashire, Eug., 
Jan. 1, 1826; came to America in the 
Spring of 1849, first settling in Racine 
Co., Wis., where he married Mary 
Metheringham June 25, 1849 ; she was 
born in the same place Feb. 17, 1827 ; 
their children are Lucy, born Sept. 10, 
1851 ; George, Feb. 27, 1858, and 
Grassani, Feb. 20, 1860; is a Democrat 
and Free Will Baptist. 

PARKER L. farmer; Sec. 12; P.O. 
Strawberry Point. 
PETERSON P. A. Farmer; Sec. 
32; P. 0. Forestville; owns 107 acres, 
worth $3,000 ; born in Norway July 30, 
1838 ; came to America and settled in 
Wis., when quite young ; enlisted in 
27th Wis. V. L, Co. U, Dec. 18, 1863 ; 
engaged in the battles of Jenkens' Ferry, 
Spanish Fort, and others ; honorably 
discharged Aug. 29, 1865. Married 
Mary A. Finch May 23, 1867; she 
was born in Oneida Co., N. Y., Sept. 
9, 1831 ; their children are Albert E., 



born Nov. 12, 1873, and Earl M., 
March 20, 1877. Is a Republican in 
politics. 

Prussner C. far.; S. 31 ; P. O. Forestville. 

Prussner F. far. ; S. 33 ; P. 0. Fore.stville. 

Prussner L. far. ; S. 31 ; P. 0. Forestville. 

QUICK S. W. farmer ; Sec. 31 ; P. 0. 
Forestville. 
ROSENKRANS JOHN, farmer; Sec 
24 ; P. 0. Forestville. 

RAY JOHN, Farmer; Sec. 29; P. 
0. Forestville ; owns 170 acres worth 
$5,000 ; born in Switzerland June 28, 
1827 ; came to America in 1850 and 
settled in Conn., where he married Mary 
MargrofiPron, deceased ; has two children 
by this marriage — Mary and Louisa. 
Came to Buchanan Co. in 1857, and 
settled on his present farm in 1865. 
Married Johanna Raymond Dec. 1867, 
who died Feb. 28, 1876 ; his children 
by second wife are Charles, born Sept. 
26, 1868 ; Estella, Dec. 26, 1869, and 
Lizzie, Feb. 22, 1874. 

Reid C. H. far. ; S. 31 ; P. 0. Forestville. 

Reid W. far. ; Sec. 31 ; P. 0. Forestville. 

Reynolds R. D. farmer ; Sec. 35 ; P. 0. 
Manchester. 

REYNOLDS STEPHEN R. 
Farmer ; S. 35 ; P. 0. Manchester ; 
owns 120 acres, worth $3,000; born in 
Addison Co., Vt., Aug. 4, 1811, where 
he married Nancy W. Worley Jan. 1, 
1840. She was born in Chittenden, 
Vt., Sept. 12, 1817. They moved the 
same year to Cooper Co., Mo., and to 
this county in May, 1847 ; has always 
taken a deep interest in the welfare 
of the township, and had the honor of 
giving it its present name. Their chil- 
dren are C, born Dec. 19, 1844 ; A. 
S. R., Dec. 27, 1844; Rodolphus, June 
20, 1847; Aldrich J., Aug. 27, 1849; 
Stephen R., March 20, 1855 ; Ernest 
H. and Elihu H., March 8, 1857 ; is a 
Democrat. 

Richmond W. F. farmer; S. 5; P. 0. 
Strawberry Point. 

ROLFE EDWARD, Farmer; S. 
18; P. 0. Ward's Corners; (jwns 135 
acres, valued at $4,000 ; born in Kent, 
Eng., Dec. 19, 1819, where he married 
Charlotte North Nov. 6, 1846. She 
was born March 28, 1821. They came 
to America in 1851, and settled in 
Stockton Tp., Jo Daviess Co., 111., 



6fc2 



DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY: 



where he remained till April, ISSiJ, 
when he settled on his presi nt farm ; 
enlisted in Co. F, 27th I. V. I. Aug. 8, 
18G2 ; was honorably discharged Aug. 
15, 18G5. Mr. R. was possessed of 
limited means when he came to this 
county, but has, by persistent energy 
and industry, succeeded in providing for 
himself a comfortable home. Their 
children are Edward, born Sept. 27, 
1847; Ellen, Oct. 21, 1849; Emily, 
Nov. 9, 1851, and Lydia, April 27, 
1860; have lost four children, who 
died in infancy. Is a Republican in 
politics. 

SANDHAVEN H. far.; S. H3; P. 0. 
Forestville. 

Sedgwick T. N. far. ; S. 3G ; P. O. Man- 
chester. 

ISHELDOX W. P. Farmer; S. 8; 
P. 0. Campton ; owns 110 acres, valued 
at $3,500 ; born in Allegany, N. Y., 
July 29, 1827. In 1856, he came to 
Dane Co., Wis. ; came to this county in 
1858, where he married Julia A. Smith 
Dec. 25, 1862, who was born in St. Jo- 
seph Co., Mich., Sept. 18, 1837. Mr. 
S. is now Assessor, having held nearly 
every other township office. Their 
children are Eva M., born March 8, 
1864, and Frank W., June 23, 1866. 
Mr. S.'s father was born in Aug., 1793, 
and died Feb. 3, 1876, and his mother 
was born Sept., 1792, and died Oct. 31, 
1877 ; is a Republican and Free-Will 
Baptist. 

(^HERWO A. C. Farmer; Sec. 
23 ; P. O. Forestville ; owns 40 acres, 
worth SI, 200; born in Allegany Co., 
N. Y., May 22, 1849; came to Chicago 
with parents in 1853, and to this county 
in 1857. Married Mary Wheeler Nov. 
8, 1868 ; she was born in Chautau(jua 
Co., N. Y., Jan. 8, 1848; their children 
are Nellie, born May 22, 1869 ; El- 
mira, July 1, 1875, a"d Lucius W., 
March 13, 1877. 

SHEKWIN LUCIUS S. Farmer 
and Auctioneer; Sec. 23; P. 0. Forest- 
ville ; born in Bennington Co., Vt., 
Feb. 25, 1826; went to Friendship, 
Allegany Co., N. Y., and then to Cuba, 
N. Y., where he married Angelina 
Strong June 12, 1848, who was born in 
Allegany Co., N. Y., July 2, 1834. 
Came to Chicago, where he was engaged 



as foreman of the sharpening of the 
first piles driven on the lake shore ; 
moved to Bennington, and then to this 
county May 9, 1856, settling in Milo 
Township ; in 1859 was appointed 
Deputy Sheriff of this county ; moved 
to his present farm in 1875. 

Sherwin W. W. far.; S. 23; P. 0. ForeM- 
ville. 

Shultz C. far.; Sec. 31 ; P. 0. Manchester. 

Shultz F. far.; Sec. 32; P. 0. Manchester. 

Shultz G. far. ; Sec. 31 ; P. 0. Manchester. 

Simpson Obed, Jr. farmer; Sec. 12 ; P. 0. 
Forestville. 

SMITH HENRY, i Deceased); born 
in Nova Scotia, April 18, 1822, 
and died June 19, 1871. He emi- 
grated to the U. S., and settled in 
Kane Co., 111., in 1850, where he mar- 
ried Jane Cook Nov. 15, 1850 ; they 
emigrated to this county and settled on 
her present farm in the Fall of 1853, 
consisting of 315 acres, worth $9,000. 
George, Richard, Henrietta A. and 
William H. are her living children ; one 
child deceased, Mary J. 

Smith R. far. ; Sec. 24 ; P. 0. Forestville. 

SOWLES GEORGE, Proprietor 
of Forestville Flouring-mills ; located on 
Sec. 15; P. 0. Forestville; owns 106 
acres, worth $12,000. Burn in Grand 
Isle Co., Vt., Jan. 26, 1832, where he 
married Mary R. Manning Jan. 25, 
1858; she was born in same county 
Nov., 1840, and died Aug. 7, 186(); 
married his present wife, Mary M. 
Hawley, June 30, 1868; she was born 
in Lower Canada Nov. 20, 1837 ; in 
1868, he came to this county ; Aug. 
7, 1875, he purchased the mill he now 
owns of James Coleman ; his children 
are Ellen L., born July 21, 1870, and 
Julia Grace, Oct. 23, 1873; one child 
died in infancy; is a Republican in 
politics. 

Spangenburgh J. far. S. 33 ; P. O. Forewt- 
ville. 

Stewart J. H. far. ; S. 13 ; P.O. Forestville. 

STEWART J. M. Farmer ; Sec. 13 ; 
P. 0. Forestville ; owns 200 acres, 
worth $6,000'; born in Butler Co., Pa., 
Aug. 8, 1829, where he married Mary 
A. Tharp May 26, 1853, who died May 
5,1857 ; has by this marriage, Jas. H. — 
born Oct. 16, 1854; Eliza E., May 16, 
1855, and Mary R., May 1, 1857; 



RICHLAND TOWNSHIP. 



683 



came to Jackson Co., Iowa, in 1856, 
where he married Ann D. Waugh May 
5, 1859, who died May 24, 1869 ; has 
by tliis marriage — Kva J., born May 
26, 1864; Robert W., July 22, 1866, 
and Oral Etta, March 4, 1868, and one 
deceased, Mary A., born March 19, 1860, 
and died June 7, 1864 ; married Lousia 
M. Spurgeon Sept. 8, 1870 ; was born 
in Cedar Co., Iowa, July 28, 1 845 ; they 
came to their present farm in 1876 ; 
their children are Frank J., born Sept. 
17, 1872, and Chas. H., Sept. 4, 1875. 
STOBfE E. D. Farmer ; Sec. 35 ; P. 

0. Manchester ; owns oOO acres, worth 
$7,500 ; born in Orleans Co., Vt., June 

1, 1829; came to Kane Co., 111., in 
1852, and to this county in 1854 ; re- 
turned to Vermont in 1858, where he 
married Sylvia Richardson Dec. 6, 
of the same year ; she was born in 
Chittenden Co., Vt., Aug. 13, 1832; 
their children are John E., born Nov. 
21,1859; Amanda, Sept. 23, 1861; 
Daniel L., May 11, 1863; Mary E., 
April 3, 1865 ;' Harriet N., May 3, 1867; 
Cora A., Aug. 17, 1869 ; Anna L., 
March 9, 1871, and Sherman M., Nov. 
17, 1872, who died Nov. 9, 1876 ; is a 
Rep. and United Brethren. 

Stronska. Jos. for.; S. 20 ; P. 0. Campton. 

STRONG PHIL.IP A. Farmer; 
Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Strawberry Point ; owns 
240 acres, valued at S8,500. Born in 
Chautauqua Co., N. Y., March 3, 1824, 
where he married Mehitabol P. Bemus 
Nov. 14, 1845; .she was born in the 
same county July 22, 1827 ; they came 
to Wisconsin and settled in Green Co., 
in 1857, and to Mitchell Co., Iowa, in 
1858, and in June, 1867, they settled 
on their present farm ; does (]uite a dairy 
business, milking thirty cows. They 
have one child — Adeline, born June 9, 

1847, who married Parker in 

Greeu Co., Wis., March 15, 1866, and 
their children are — Fred C, born July 
26, 1869, and Geo. H., born July 11, 
1873. Mr. Parker enlisted in the 13th 
Wis. Vol. Inf , Co. E, Sept. 14, 1861, 
and was honorably discharged in Sep- 
tember, 1865. Mr. Strong has raised 
from infancy a boy named Frank Wood, 
who was born Aug. 20, 1864. 
AYLOR BERT, farmer; Sec. 9; P. 
0. Forestville. 



T 



THOMPSOIV S. A. Farmer; Sec. 
6 ; P.O. Strawlierry Point ; owns 145 
acres, valued at $4,500. Born in San- 
dusky, Ohio, March 10, 1823, came to 
St. Joseph Co., Mich., in 1834, and in 
October, 1854, came to this county and 
settled where he now resides. Married 
Mary J. Smith Oct. 8, 1846, who was 
born Jan. 28, 1828, near Rochester, N. 
Y., and died Sept. 13, 1877 ; has one 
adopted child — Amanda M., born Feb. 
10, 1862. Mr. T. has held the office of 
Justice of the Peace for ten successive 
years; is a Republican, and member of 
the Methodist Church. 

YARNIC V. farmer; Sec. 8; P. 0. 
Campton . 
Vinzal Yanda, far.; S. 17 ; P. 0. Campton. 
Voniak V. far.; S. 8 ; P. 0. Campton. 

WALT WILLIAM, farmer; Sec. 
12 ; P. 0. Forestville. 

Ward Chas. far.; S. 36 ; P. 0. Manchester. 

Wand Albert, far.; S. 36 . P.O. Manchester. 

Wand R. far.; S. 36; P. 0. Manchester. 

Welch S. Z. far.; S. 23; P. 0. Forestville. 

Wesley J. far.; Sec. 13 ; P. 0. Forestville. 

Wesley John, far.; S. 18; P.O.Forestville. 

Weston Wm. far.; S. 19 ; P. 0. Campton. 

Weston William, Jr. lab.; S. 19 ; P. 0. 
Campton. 

Whe. ler B. for.; S. 20 ; P. 0. Forestville. 

Wheeler V. mer. and P. M.; Forestville. 

Wiltse Charles, lab.; P. 0. Forestville. 

WLLTSE URI, Farmer; Sec. 11; 
P. 0. Forestville ; owns 160 acres, 
worth $4,000 ; born in Canada Jan. 1, 
1824 ; settled in Colesburg,Clayton Co., 
in 1838, where he married Louisa 
Fuller March 20, 1853, who died Feb. 
3, 1856 ; married his second wife, Sil- 
via Kelly, July 14, 1857, who died 
Jan. 20. 1864 ; married his present 
wife, Libbie McConkey, July 19, 1870 ; 
settled on his present farm in the Spring 
of 1875 ; his children are Warner, born 
Sept. 7, 1862 ; Albert, born Oct. 4, 
1871, and Elias Meral, born Aug. 24, 
1874. Mr. Wiltse is one of the pioneer 
settlers of this county ; is a Republican. 

Witherell V. H. lime kiln ; Sec. 5 ; P. 0. 
Campton. 

Wolfe J. far; Sec. 15 ; P. 0. Forestville. 

WOOD HIRAM D. Farmer ; Sec. 
26; P. O. Manchester, whose portrait 
appears in this work, was born in Cum- 
berland Co., Ky., April 8, 1828 ; when 



684 



DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY 



he was 4 jears of age his father's 
family moved to Macoupin Co., 111., 
where they still reside. The subject of 
this sketch in the Spring of 1847, being 
then 19 years of age, enlisted in a cav- 
alry company and served till the end of 
the Mexican war in 1848 ; after his dis- 
charge he came to Delaware Co., la., 
and located his land warrant upon the 
land on which he now resides. He now 
owns a farm of 800 acres, valued at 
815,000. He has held the offices of 
Justice of the Peace, Township Clerk, 
Township Assessor, Township Treasurer 
and County Surveyor. He married 



Miss Lydia L. Luken in Macoupin Co., 
III., Sept. 1, 1858; she was born in 
Cambria Co., Pa., July 1, 1827 ; they 
have eight children— Mary E., born 
May 30, 1854; John R., born Feb. 4, 
1856 ; Eleanor A., born Nov. 19, 1857 , 
Joel L., born July 30, 1859 ; Jennie Q., 
born Oct. 7, 1861 ; Alice E., born Aug. 
29, 1863; Maggie A. and Rosa M. 
(twins), born May 26, 1868. 
Wood J. R. far. ; S. 26 ; P. 0. Manchester. 

YANDER JAMES, farmer ; Sec. 17 ; 
P. 0. Campton. 
ZOACK FRANK, far. ; Sec. 6 ; P. O. 
Strawberry Point. 



ADAMS TOWNSHIP. 



BABCOCK J. B. far. ; S. 31 ; P. 0. 
Nugent 's Grove. 
Beacom Michael, farmer ; Sec. 13; P. 0. 

Tower Hill. 
Beatty R. far. ; S. 15; P. 0. Tower Hill. 
Behan D. far. ; Sec. 3 ; P. O. Barryville. 
Behau M. far. ; S. 16 ; P. 0. Tower Hill. 
Behan P. far. ; S. 16 ; P. 0. Tower Hill. 
Bishop Thomas S. farmer ; Sec. 31 ; P. 0. 

Spring Grove. 

BURG^ESI^ BENJAMIN, Farm 

er; S. 35; P. 0. Nugent's Grove, Linn 
Co. ; owns 196 acres, valued at $5,800 ; 
born in Seneca Co., Ohio, Aug. 30, 1831; 
came to this county in 1855; married 
Ellen Haight July 10, 1859, who was 
born in Sandusky, Ohio, Oct. 1, 1843 ; 
their children are Hiram B., born 
Feb. 25, 1861, and Joseph, June 10, 
1867 ; is a Republican and Protestant. 
Mrs. B. is the daughter of Victor and 
Elizabeth Haight; the former was born 
in Onondaga Co., N. Y., June 22, 1815, 
and died April 10, 1860 ; the latter was 
born Oct 14, 1822, and is now living in 
this county. 
Burgess John, farmer; Sec. 35; P. O. 
Nugent's Grove. 

CAMPBELL EUGENE D. farmer ; S. 
35 ; P. 0. Nugent's Grove. 
Confry H. far. ; S. 14 ; P. 0. Tower Hill. 
CROMWELL JAMES, Farmer; 
S. 14; P. O. Tower Hill; owns 85 
acres, valued at $2,500 ; born in Pough 
keepsie, New York, Sept. 19, 1809; 



came to this town.ship in 1855, where 
he has since resided. By a strong 
effort he succeeded in having Tower 
Hill post office established, which was 
the first in the township, and kept by 
him for many years; was one of the 
few who, in 1858, succeeded in organ- 
izing the first school district and build- 
ing the first school house in the town- 
ship. Married Martha Royley Jan. 1, 
1851, who was born in Manchester, 
Eng., Sept. 14, 1816. They have one 
child living — Hannah M., born Nov. 30, 
1857, and one deceased — James, born 
Dec. 3, 1859, died May 2, 1864. Mrs. 
C.'s children, by a former marriage, are 
Geo. W., born Sept. 21, 1839; was 
with Sherman in his march to the sea, 
and died at Andersonville Prison Aug. 
2, 1864; Edward F., Feb. 21, 1841, 
was also in the army; Mary F., born 
born Aug. 20, 1842. 

DEWOODY JAMES W. far.; S. 25; 
P. 0. Nugent's Grove. 
DE W001> Y ANDREW, Farmer ; 
S. 25 ; P. O. Nugent's Grove, Linn Co. ; 
owns 80 acres, valued at $2,000 ; born 
in Venango Co., Penn., Jan. 28, 1820 ; 
came to this county in 1850. Married 
Rachel Bardue June 1, 1843, who was 
born in Beaver Co., Penn., July 16, 
1820. Their children are William, 
born April 12. 1845; Nelson, Jan. 2, 
1847; John, Dec. 10, 1848; Clarinda, 
Oct. 17, 1850; Sylvester, Dec. 19, 



ADAMS TOWNSHIP. 



68rj 



1852; James W., March 10, 1855, ! 
and Angeline, Auij. 26, 1857; is an In- 
dependent Democrat and Protestant. 

DONKEI.L.Y PATRICK, Farm 

er ; 8. 28 ; P. 0. Nugent's Grove, Linn 
Co. ; owns 4(»0 acres, valued at $10,000 ; 
born in Ireland Dec. 15, 1832 ; came to 
America in 1853 ; lived in Brooklyn, 
N. Y., till 1855, when he came to De 
Kalb Co., Ill ; remained there till 1859, 
when he cauie to this county, where he 
has since resided. He is one of the 
enterprising men of this township, being 
among the foremost in every good work, 
and especially devoted to the cause of 
education ; has held the office of Justice 
of the Peace for ten years ; married 
Julia Smith June 29, 1855. She was 
born in Ireland April 4, 1833. The 
children living are William, Mary. 
James A., Susan A., Harriet, Thomas, 
Patrick J. and Julia ; is a Democrat 
and Catholic. 

Dover Wm. far. ; Sec. 5 ; P. 0. Barryville. 

Duffy Barnard, farmer ; Sec. 30 ; P. 0. 
Nugent's Grove. 

Duffy Michael, farmer ; Sec. 30 ; P. 0. 
Nugent's Grove. 

Dukek G. far. ; Sec. 23 ; P. 0. Tower Hill. 

E ASTON ROBERT, laborer; Tower 
Hill. 

EH1.ERIS HEXRY, Farmer ; Sec. 
25 ; P. 0. Nugent's Grove, Linn Co. ; 
owns 170 acres, worth $-4,500 ; born in 
Holstein, Germany, Sept. 7, 1826; came 
to Canada and settled near Quebec in 
1854 ; came to this town in April, 1855, 
and married Anna B. Mangold July 1, 
1862, who was born in Switzerland 
Dec. 20, 1830, and came to America 
the same year as her husband. Their 
children are Wm. H., born April 27, 
1863; John H., March 7, 1866, and 
Caroline, Aug. 12, 1869. Enlisted 
Sept. 30, 1864, in the 4th I. V. I., Co. 
1 ; was with Sherman in his memorable 
march to the sea, and was honorably 
discharged in June, 1865 ; is a Repub- 
lican and Protestant. 

Tj^OLEY DENNIS, farmer ; Sec 10 ; P. 

Jj 0. Barryville. 

FAL.COWER CHAS. Farmer ; Sec. 
17 ; P. O. Tower Hill ; owns 200 acres, 
worth $5,000 ; born in Scotland Oct. 
14, 1826; came to America in 1842, 
and to this county in 1855 ; married 



Rebecca Pierce March 6, 1857, who 
was born in Massachusetts July 28^ 
1837/- Their children are James, Bes- 
sie, Charles E., Isabella, Frank C, Ben- 
jamin P., James A., Eva, Alice and 
and Ida; enlisted at Davenport, la., in 
October, 1864, in the 4th Iowa V. I., 
Co. I ; was with Sherman in his mem- 
orable march to the sea ; was honorably 
discharged at Clinton in June, 1865. 

Foley Jas. far. ; Sec. 10 ; P.O. Barryville. 

Foley Jno. far. ; Sec. 10; P. 0. Barryville. 

Foley M. far. ; Sec. 10 : P. 0. Barryville. 

Flack Wm. far. ; Sec. 25 ; P. 0. Nugent's 
Grove. 

Flyan Michael, farmer; Sec. 29; P. 0. 
Nugent's Grove. 

Fuller Newton, farmer; Sec. 26; P. 0. 
Nugent's Grove. 

/^ AFFNEY TERENCE, farmer ; Sec. 

V jr 20 ; P. 0. Nugent's Grove. 

Gaskill L. C. far. ; S. 10 ; P. 0. Barryville. 

Grant Michael, far. ; S. 29 ; P. 0. Nugent's 
Grove. 

Guy F. far. ; S. 35 ; P. 0. Nugent's Grove. 

HAIGHT ALLEN, farmer ; Sec. 23 ; 
P. 0. Nugent's Grove. 

HALL.A1I J. K. Farmer; Sec. 10; 
P. 0. Tower Hill ; owns 200 acres, val- 
ued at $5,000 ; born in London, Eng., 
Sept. 12, 1815; came to Dubuque, la., 
in 1856, and to this county in 1877 , 
married Mary Bengle Dec. 18, 1850, 
who was born in Carroll Co., Md., Jan. 
3, 1830; has in his possession an orig- 
inal deed of land executed by John 
Penn the younger grandson of Wm. 
Penn, in the year 1793. He has four 
children living — Wm. N., born in Du- 
buque May 16, 1857, who married Delia 
C. Nelson Sept. 6, 1877; she was also born 
in Dubuque, June 21, 1858 ; their other 
children are Edward, Ida and George. 
Is a Republican and Methodist. 

Hallam Wm. N. far. ; S. 11 ; P. 0. Tower 
Hill. 

Henderson J. f:ir. ; S. 26; P. 0. Nugent's 
Grove. 

Hicken Mark E. laborer; Sec. 13; P. 0. 
Manchester. 

Houlahan J. far. ; S. 15 ; P. 0. Tower Hill. 

Houlahan T. far. ; Sec. 2 ; P. 0. Barryville. 

Howe D. N. far.; S. 13; P. O. Manchester. 

HOWE ELI N. Farmer; Sec. 13; 
P. 0. Manchester; owns 246 acres, 
value $6,700 ; born in Smithfield, Mad- 



686 



DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY: 



ison Co., N. Y., Sept. 9. 1824 ; came to 
this county in 1862. Married Harriet 
Norton Sept. 3, 1850, who wa.s born in 
Dorchester, Mass., Jan. 27, 1824 ; their 
children are Delhert N., born Nov. 9, 
1851; Martha, Sept. 12, 1854; Rich- 
ard N., Nov. 7, 1856, and Hope H., 
May 5, 1865. Is a Republican and 
Protestant. 

Howe R. N. far. ; S. 15 ; P. 0. Manchester. 

Hunt Wm. far. ; S. 27 ; P. 0. Nugent's 
Grove. 

HURIiEY CORNELIUS, Farm 

er; SeC; IG; P. O. Tower Hill; owns 
320 acres worth $8,000 ; born in Ire- 
land in 1823; came to America in 1853, 
and to this county in 1856. Married 
Jane Gannan Jan. 28, 1856; she was 
born in Ireland in April, 1836; their 
children are — Wm. P., born March 13, 
1857; Francis E., Oct. 3, 1858; Cor- 
nelius, Aug. 10, 1860; Mary J., May 
i;, 1867; Julia, April .'4, 1869, and 
Edward, July 29, 1877. 
Hurly Wm. P. farmer; Sec. 16; P. 0. 
Tower Hill. 

J(3SLYN M. B. farmer; Sec. 31 ; P. 0. 
Nugent's Grove. 

KENNEDY WM. farmer; Sec. 9; 
P. 0. Tower Hill. 
Kenyon B. W. farmer; Sec. 15 ; P. 0. 

Tower Hill. 
Kerr Mathew L. farmer ; Sec. 26 ; P. 0. 

Nugent's Grove. 
Kerr R. W. farmer; Sec. 26 ; P. 0. Nu- 
gent's Grove. 
Kerr Wm. teacher ; Sec. 26 ; P. 0. Nu- 
geni's Grove. 

LAWTON BYRON, farmer; Sec. 36; 
P 0. Nuijent's Grove. 
L.ENNOX W. H. Farmer ; Sec. 27 ; 
P. O. Nugent's Grove; owns SO acres, 
valued at $2,500 ; born in Ireland, Sept. 
1, 1820; cam3 to America in 1832, 
and settled near Montreal ; was seven 
years in the British army, engaged in 
the Canadian rebellion, and held the 
office of Lieutenant when discharged; 
*came to this county in 1857 and settled 
on his present farm ; married Sarah Bur- 
gess Oct. 17, 1858, in this township, 
Rev. Geo. Genimell performing tht^ cere- 
mony. Mrs. L. was born in Stark Co., 
Ohio, April 12. 1827; their children 
are Sarah E., born Oct. 9, 1859; 
Susan, March 22, 1862, and Jesse, Dec. 



3, 1866 ; is a Republican and Presby- 
terian. Mrs. L. is a member of the 
Methodist Church. 
Lyons Thos. farmer ; Sec. 35 ; P. O. Nu- 
gent's Grove. 

Mc ENANY ARTHUR, farmer; 
Sec. 20 ; P 0. Nusjent's Grove. 
McCLOUD ER WIN, Farmer ; Sec. 
10 ; P. 0. Tower Hill ; owns 245 acres 
wortli $5,500 ; born in Kane Co., 111., 
Nov. 12, 1852 ; came to this county 
with his parents iu 1855; married Sarah 
Baxter Feb. 17, 1870, who was born in 
Ireland, Dec. 31, 1848; their children 
are Austin P., born Nov. 9, 1873, and 
Erwin E., Jan 7, 1876 ; is a Republi- 
can in politics. 
MCEL.L.IGOTT JAIIES, Farm- 
er ; Sec. 10; P. 0. Tower Hill; owns 
290 acres worth $7,250 ; born in 
Ireland Dec. 25, 1828 ; came to Ameri- 
ca in 1848, and to this county in 1857 ; 
married Ellen Behan, a native of Ire- 
land, in 1858; they have seven children 
— John R., Kate, Mary, Patrick, 
William, James and David; is a Catho- 
lic and Democrat. 
McEnany Patrick, farmer; Sec. 20; P. 0. 

Nugent's Grove. 
McEnany Peter, farmer ; Sec. 20 ; P. 0. 

Nugent's Grove. 
McKittrick Thos. farmer ; Sec. 33 ; P. 0. 

Nugent's Grove. 
McReavey Wm. J. farmer ; Sec. 24 ; P. 

0. Manchester. 
Magirl Dennis, farmer ; Sec. 24 ; P. 0. 

Nugent's Grove. 
Magirl James, far. ; S. 12 ; P. O.Man- 
chester. 
Magirl John, farmer; Sec. 12; P. 0- 

Manchester. 
Magirl John Jr. farmer ; Sec. 24 ; P. 0. 

Manchester. 
Magirl R. far. ; S. 1 2 ; P. 0. Manchester. 
Magirl Thos. farmer ; Sec. 24; P. 0. Nu- 
gent's Grove. 
Manyon Jno. farmer ; P. O. Nugent's 

MILLER THOS. JR. Farmer; 
Sec. 34 ; P. 0. Tower Hill; born in 
New York, November, 1849; came to 
this (county in 1876; married Sarah Mc- 
Murray May, 1874. She was born in 
New York, Dec. 20, 1855; they have 
two children — Emily and Sarah ; is a 
Protestant. 



ADAMS TOWNSHIP. 



687 



Monagan T. far.; S. 30 ; P. O. Nugent' s 

Grove. 
Montgomery Wm. renter ; S. 34 ; P. 0. 

Nuu'ent's Grove. 

OBRIEN PETER, lab.; P. 0. Tower 
Hill. 
PATTON JAMES, farmer ; S. 35 ; 
P. 0. Nuii-ent's Grove. 
PATTOJV JOSEPH, Farmer ; S. 

25 ; P. 0. Nugeiit's Grove, Linn Co.; 
owns 160 acres worth $4,000 ; born in 
Inland, Feb. 11, 1824 ; came to Amer- 
ica in 1853, and to this county in 1862 ; 
married Margaret Hawks in April 1857, 
who was a native of Ireland ; she died 
April 1, 1867 ; married Jennette Read 
Aug. 4, 1867, who was born in Lucas 
Co.^ Ohio, Aug. 20, 1844 ; his children 
by the first marriasre are, James, born 
July 7, 1858 ; John, March 11, 1860 ; 
Mary Ann, May 3, 1862 ; Ellen, Sept. 

24, 1863; Margaret, O^t. 25, 1865, 
died March 11, 1878, and Joseph, born 
March 31, 1867; his children by the 
last marriage are Emma, born Feb. 19, 
1869 ; Ernest, Jan. 2, 1871, died March 
7, 1872; Scott, July 4, 1873, died 
March 26, 1878. 

PATTOl^ I^ATHA:^, Farmer ; S. 

26 ; P.O. Nugent's Grove,Linn Co.; owns 
200 acres, valued at $4,500 ; born in 
Ireland in 1841 ; came to America in 
1864', and settled in Dubuque Co., Iowa ; 
came to this town in 1869, remaining a 
year, then moved to Manchester, and 
after five years returned again to this 
town where he has since resided ; mar- 
ried Jane Carrothers April 18, 1871, 
born in Ireland June 8, 1848 ; their 
children are, Mary J., born April 1, 
1872; Charles, Nov. 24, 1874, and 
Wm. J., June 25, 1876 ; is a Republi- 
can and Presbyterian. 

Patton Wm. far. ; S. 26 ; P. O. Nugent's 
Grove. 

POUND E. C. Farmer, S. 13 ; P. 
O. Tower Hill ; owns 240 acres, worth 
$6,000; born in Erie Co., N. Y.,July 

25, 1849 ; came to this county in 1861 
with his parents ; his brother, W. A. 
Pound, was born in same county, New 
York, and came to this county in 1861 ; 
was married to Martha A. Howe 
August 19, 1874; thi ir children are 
— Freddie and Louie ; Mr. P. is a Re. 
publican. 



-tv 



Pound W. A. farmer; Sec. 11; P. 0. 

Manchest(;r. 
Powers Thos. far ; S. 2 ; P. 0. Barry ville. 
Preston John H. farmer ; Sec. 10 ; P. 0. 

Tower Hill 

READY OWEN, farmer; Sec. 28; P. 
0. Nugent's Grove. 
Reissler Jacob, far.; S. 13; P. 0. Tower 

Hill. 
Riley John, far.; S. 4 ; P. 0. Barryville. 
ROBINSON JAMES, Farmer; 
Sec. 8 ; P. 0. Barryville ; born in Ire- 
land Jan. 29, 1822, came to America in 
April, 1844, and to this county in 1852. 
Married Mary A. Gregg Jan. 25, 1854, 
who was born in Ireland Dec. 25, 1837. 
They have nine children living and three 
deceased — Wm. J., born Nov. 14, 1854 
Esther A., April 12, 1856, died May 28 
1872 ; Margaret, born April 30, 1857 
Thomas, S 'pt. 15,1850; Sarah, Aug 
27, 1860, died May 31, 1872 ; Robert 
June 29, 1862 ; Eliza, Aug. 6, 1864 
Alexander, Oct. 9, 1866 ; John B., Jan 
4, 1869 ; Henry E., March 26, 1871 
Mary J., Oct. 2, 1873, died May 17 
1875, and Charles J.,. April 15, 1876 
owns 520 acres worth $13,000 ; is a Re- 
publican and Methodi.st. 

ROBINSON JOHN, Farmer S. 
5 ; P. 0. Manchester ; owns 400 acres 
valued at $8,000 ; born in Ireland, Far- 
managli Co., Dec. 26, 1826 ; came to 
this county April, 1854 ; married Mar- 
garet Swindle March 16, 1854; she 
was born in Ireland ; they have two 
children living — George T., born March 
9, 1857; Anthony, June 17, 1868; 
principal product, wheat, corn and hay, 
pork and baef 

Robinson R. far.; S. 17, P. 0. Manchester. 

Robinson Thos. far.; S. 7 ; P.O. Barryville. 

Rogers D. far. ; S. 13 ; P. 0. Tower Hill. 

Ryan F. P. far. ; S. 9 ; P. 0. Tower Hill. 

Ryan James, far. ; S. 9 ; P. 0. Tower Hill. 

Ryan M. J. far. ; S. 9 ; P. 0. Tower Hill. 

SAVAGE ALFRED G. teacher; S. 
34 ; P. O. Nugent's Grove. 

SANDIL.ANDS THOMAS ( De- 

ceased), was b(jrn in Ediuburg, Scotland, 
June 26, 1823, where he learned the 
trade of stone cutter, which occupa- 
tion he followed the greater part of his 
life. In 1848, he emigrated to St. 
John, Newfoundland, where he re- 
mained only a few months, coming to 
8 



688 



DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY; 



Washington, D. C, in the Fall of the 
same year ; returned to Scotland in the 
Fall of 1S51, where. March 23, 1852, 
he married Miss Euphemia Smith, and 
in a few months returned with his bride 
to America, his adopted country, and 
settled in Washington, where he lived 
till 1859, then moved to Columbia, S. 
C., where he remained till after the 
breaking out of the war, when he, with 
great difficulty, succeeded in getting 
back to Washington in the Spring of 
1863, his family coming the year before ; 
in 1866, he moved to this county and 
purchased a farm, on which his widow 
and children now reside. He was for 
many years a consistent member of the 
I. 0. 0. F. in Washington City. He 
died Oct. 24, 1876. His children are 
Euphemia, born Jan. 21, 1853, died 
July 11, 1853; Isabella, born July 23, 
1854; Mary, July 27, 1857; and 
Thomas, Aug. 11, 1865. Mrs. S. owns 
200 acres on S. 4, worth $5,000. P. 0. 
Barryville ; was born in Scotland Feb. 
29, 1834. The family are Presbyte- 
rians. 

SAVAGE HERBERT, Farmer; 
S. 34 ; P. 0. Nugent's Grove, Linn 
Co. ; owns 235 acres, valued at $5,000 ; 
born in Somerset Co., Me., May 5, 
1800 ; came to this county in 1865 ; 
married Olive Gould in 1832. She 
was born in the same county April 23, 
1815. Four children are living and one 
deceased — Holland W., born Aug. 11, 
1847; Wm. G., Oct. 9, 1849; Hugh 
M., March 27, 1851 ; Alfred G., Jan. 
9, 1855 ; and Lewis G., Jan. 3, 1843, 
who died Jan. 29, 1868. The latter 
marritd Libbie Donaldson Sept. 27, 
1862, who was born in Pennsylvania 
Jan. 10, 1846. He left behind three 
sons — Harry B., Charles H., and An- 
drew W., who, with their mother, still 
reside with their grandparents. 

Savage Hugh M. farmer ; Sec. 34 ; P. 0. 
Nuiiont's Grove. 

SEARIGHT qUINTIX, Farmer; 
Sec. 10 ; P. 0. Tower Hill; owns eighty 
acres, worth $1,600 ; born in Ireland in 
May, 1834 ; came to America in 1852, 
and settled in New York, where he re- 
mained three years ; then moved 
to Pittsburgh, Ponn., where he re- 
sided till 1870, when he moved to this 



county. Married Martha Baxter 
April 8, 1867, who was born in Ireland 
May 3, 1834. Is a Republican and 
Methodist. 

Sharp John D. ftirmer ; Sec. 23 ; P. 0. 
Tower Hill. 

SHERMA:^ wm. H. Farmer and 
Stock Haiser ; P. O. Nugent's Grove^ 
Linn Co. Owns 120 acres in this 
county, 140 acres in Linn County, and 
80 acres in Ida Grove, Ida Co., within 
one and a half miles of county seat ; the 
whole is valued at $7,250. Born in 
Medina Co., 0., March 15, 1838 ; came 
to this county in 1862. Married Lucia 
Cleveland March 20, 1860, who was 
born in Tioga Co., Penn., August 19, 
1841. They have four children living, 
and one deceased — Ora E., born in Ohio, 
Oct. 19, 1861, and died Nov. 10, 1870 ; 
Eva Z.. born June 24,1864; Annie 
W., Nov. 14, 1867 ; Ida S., March 23, 
1871, and Frank C, July 10, 1873. 
Is a Republican and Protestant ; Mrs. 
S. is a member of the Christian Church. 

SHEW C. A. Farmer ; Sec. 21 ; P. 
0. Tower Hill; owns 160 acres, worth 
$3,200; born in Jefferson Co., N. Y., 
in 1832 ; came to Whiteside Co., 111.,, 
in 1853, and to this county in 1862. 
Married Martha Daniels, Feb. 14, 
1853; she was born near Montreal,, 
Canada, April 26. 1836; their children 
are Willis M., born Oct. 28, 1855; 
Alonzo, June 28, 1860; Elmira, July 
9, 1864, and Freddie, July 16, 1870. 
Is a Republican and Baptist. 

Shew Willis M. farmer ; Sec. 21 ; P. 0. 
Tower Hill. 

SMITH CHRISTOPHER, 

Farmer ; Sec. 33 ; P. 0. Nugent's 
Grove, Linn Co.; owns 160 acres valued 
at $3,200 ; born in Ireland November, 
1832; came to America Oct. 15, 1851, 
and to this county April 7, 1866; mar- 
ried Mary A. White Oct. 29, 1859, 
who was born in Ireland ; their children 
are Edward, born June 20, 1 862 ; Susan 
Aug. 12, 1864; Maggie, Dec. 1, 1868; 
John, April 1, 1870, and Kate, March 
12, 1872 ; is a Democrat and Catholic. 

Sweingruber Jacob, farmer ; Sec. 13 ; P. 
0. Tower Hill. 

Swindle A. far.; S. 15 ; P. 0. Barryville. 

Swindle Wm. B. farmer : Sec. 7 ; P. O. 
Bairyville. 



NORTH FORK TOWNSHIP. 



689 



TIPTON JAMES, farmer; 8ec. 36; 
P. 0. Nugent's Grove. 
TITrS WM. F. Farmer and Carpen- 
ter ; Sec. 36 ; P. 0. Nugent's Grove, 
Linn Co.; owns eighty acres, valued at 
$2,000; born in Kennebec Co., Me., 
March 24, 1822 ; went to Massachusetts 
in 1842, where he remained six years, 
returned again to Maine, and, in 1851, 
came to Winnebago Co., 111., where he 
remained till 1857, when he moved to 
Jones Co., Iowa, remaining there until 
he moved to this county, in 1871. He 
married Julia Ketchum June 15, 1844, 
who was born in Ohio Nov. 1, 1820; 
their children are Eveline M., born 
June 4, 1848; Marcia P., April 18, 
1850; Georgiana B., May 23, 1853; 



William, June 9, 1859, and Carrie E. 

Oct. 14, 1862. Republican. 
Todd A. G.far.; S. 23; P. 0. Tower Hill. 
Todd E far. ; Sec. 23 ; P. 0. Tower Hill. 
Todd S. far.; Sec. 23 ; P. 0. Tower Hill. 

WARD JOHN, farmer; Sec. 28 ; P. 
0. Nugent's Grove. 
Welch J. far.; Sec. 10; P. 0. Barryville. 
Williams John, retired ; Sec. 35 ; P. O. 

Nugent's Grove. 
Williamson Thomas, former; Sec. 15; P. 

0. Tower Hill. 
Woods James, farmer; Sec. 29 ; P. 0. 

Nugent's Grove. 
Woods Patrick, farmer; Sec. 29 ; P. 0. 

Nugent's Grove. 
Woods Peter, farmer ; Sec. 29 ; P. 0. 

Nuy-ent's Grove. 



NORTH FORK TOWNSHIP. 



ALLM AN JOHN, farmer ; Sec. 7 ; 
P. 0. Earlville. 

Aramerman W. B. renter ; S. 19 ; P. 0. 
Earlville. 

Anghen T. far. ; S. 24 ; P. 0. Rockville. 

ARNOLD HENRY, Farmer ; Sec. 
21 ; P. 0. Rockville ; born in Canada, 
1833 ; came to the States and Jeiferson 
Co., N. Y., in 1849. Followed sailing 
on the lakes for seven years ; moved to 
Iowa and settled on his present farm in 
1857 ; he was married in 1859 to Miss 
Sarah A. Reid, from Pa. They have 
had nine children, eight living — John, 
Mary, Charles, Ella, Frederick, Edward, 
Lillie and Josie. He has held the office 
of Township Trustee two years. School 
Director one year. He has the office 
of Director in the Farmers' Mutual Fire 
Insurance Co. one year. He has 240 
acres land, value $6,000. 

A^HSrBN H. Farmer ; Sec. 27 ; P. 
0. Worthington ; born in Tenn., 1832 ; 
moved to McLean Co., 111., 1844 ; to 
Iowa and Delaware Co. in 1850 ; on 
his present farm in 1865. He was mar- 
ried in 1855 to Miss Francis J. Reeder, 
from England. He has 170 acres of 
laud, value $5,000. In politi>.s. Rep. ; 
in religion. United Brethren. He held 
the office of Township Trustee three 
years, Road Supervisor five years. 



Mr. Ashburn's father, Geo. W. Ashburn, 
was among the earilest and most promi- 
nent settlers of the county. He was en- 
gaged in the mercantile trade for several 
years ; was also a popular hotel keeper 
at Delhi for a number of years. Mr. 
Ashburn is among the active members 
in the Church of the United Brethren, 
which was organized eighteen years ago. 
Rev. R. H. Watters, Pastor at present, 
membership 55. 
Aubrey R. far; Sec. 19; P. 0. Earlville. 

BAILEY J. B. farmer ; Sec. 25 ; P. 0. 
Worthington. 

Bailey R. M. laborer ; Worthington. 

Barrington T. far. ; S. 2 ; P. 0. Dyersville. 

BEL.L. EI.ISHA, Farmer ; Sec. 27 ; 
P. 0. Worthington ; born in Pa., March 
26, 1814 ; moved to Iowa and Scott 
Co. in Spring of 1838 ; to Delaware 
Co. and his present farm in 1849. He 
was married in 1840 to Miss Martha 
Nicholson ; she was born Feb. 16, 1823, 
in Sandusky, Ohio, in 1836 ; they have 
had eight children — Mary E., born Jan. 
10, 1841; Alvira, born Dec. 1, 1843, 
and died Dec. 12, 1843; Montgomery 
E,born Nov. 24, 1846; Leander W., 
born March 30, 1849; enHsted in May, 
1865; died at La Grange, Tenn., Aug. 
5, 1865; Eva, born Oct. 9, 1852; 
Alice May, born May 16, 1858; died 



690 



DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY: 



Dec. 29, 1858 ; Bertha A., born Sept. 
27, 18(50; Clarence E. born July 25, 
1865. He has held the office of School 
Treasurer three years ; he has 180 acres 
land valued at g4,000. In politics, 
Rep. ; in religion, Methodist. Mr. Bell 
was among the earliest settlers of the 
State, and very few people living in 
North Fork Tp. when he came. 

Benning H. far. ; S. 10 ; P. 0. Dyersville. 

Benning J. far. ; Sec. 14; P. 0. Dyersville. 

Benning W. laborer ; Dyersville. 

Bergman H. far. ; S. 8 ; P. 0. Dyersville. 

Billmeirer G. fiir. ; S. 2 ; P. 0. Dyersville. 

Billmoirer M. far. ; Sec. 8 ; P. 0. Dyersville. 

Billmeirer G. tar. ; S. 8 ; P. 0. Dyersville. 

Blackmore W. far.; S. 13 ; P.O.Dyersville. 

Boddy G. far. ; Sec. 2 ; P. 0. Dyersville. 

Brauer C. far.; S. 27; P. O. Worthington. 

Brauer M. far. ; Sec. 8 ; P. 0. Dyersville. 

Brodt R. far.; P. 0. Worthington. 

Brunken J. far. ; S. 15; P. 0. Dyersville. 

Bryan A. school teacher; Sec. 23 ; P. 0. 
Worthington. 

Burket 0. laborer. 

BRYAN FRANK, Farmer; Sec. 
23 ; P. 0. Worthington. Born in Eng- 
land, Sept. 20, 1833 ; moved to this 
country and New York in 1850. To 
Michigan in 1855 ; to Iowa in 1856; 
to Dubuque Co. in 1859; on his present 
farm in 1867 ; he was married in 1855 
to Miss Mary Luey, from Mass. She 
was born Jan. 10, 1837. They have 
had four children — Albert S., born Aug. 
29, 1856 ; Isadore E., Oct. 28. 1858 ; 
Levina, July 6, 1860; Frances C, July 
26, 1862; Levina died March 12, 1873; 
Mr. Bryan held the office of School 
Director one year, Road Supervisor one 
year; he has 100 acres land, value 
$4,000 ; 140 acres in Sac Co. ; in politics. 
Rep.; Albert L. and Isadore E. are 
school teachers. 

Bryant John, renter ; P. 0. Earlville. 

BURRILL. JOSEPH, Farmer; 
S. 21 ; P. 0. Earlville ; born in Suf- 
folk Co., Massachusetts. 1816 ; moved to 
Iowa and Dubuque Co. 1857 ; to Dela- 
ware; County and his present farm, 1873 ; 
he was married in 18;>9 to Miss Char- 
lotte S. Payne from N. H.; she died in 
1850 ; he was married again in 1850 to 
Miss Mary A. Doton, from N. H.; they 
have had nine children, eight living — 
Charlotte L., Joseph W.,G. Allen,Francis 



M., Stephen C, Mary E., Benjamin K., 
Josie A. Mr. Burrill and C. McKee 
purchased lots and built the first houses 
built in the town of Worthington, Du- 
buque Co.; he held the office of Justice 
of the Peace two years, and Township 
Clerk one year in that town ; he has 80 
acres of land, valued at .$1,500. 
Burrell W. laborer ; P. 0. Earlville. 

CARVER JOHN, far.; S. 13; P. O. 
Rockville. 
Cavanaugh Jas. far.; S. 29 ; P.O. Rockville. 
Cavanaugh J. far.; S. 29; P. 0. Rockville. 
Cavanaugh Michael, i-enter ; P.O. Rockville. 
Cavanaugh Pat. retired ; P.O. Rockville. 
Ciark W. C. far.; S. 7 ; P. 0. Rockville. 
Cook Charles, far.; S. 30 ; P. 0. Delhi. 
Cook R. J. far.; S. 30 ; P. O. Delhi. 
Cook Richard, far.; S. 30 ; P. 0. Delhi. 
Cratty Michael, S. 3 ; P. 0. Dyersville. 

DUNKELL HENRY, fiirmer ; Sec. 
15; P. 0. Worthington. 
Dryer Jno. renter; S. 9 ; P. O. Dyersville. 

EVANS JAMES H. far. ; Sec. 10 ; P. 
0. Dyersville. 
FLECKENSTEIN JOSEPH, renter; 
Sec. 34 ; P. 0. Worthington. 
Fleming P. P. far.; Sec. 18; P.O. Earlville. 
Fitzsimmons Patrick, far.; Sec. 8; P. 0. 

Earlville. 
Fitzsimmons Wellington, far. ; Sec. 8 ; P. O. 
Earlville. 

GAL YE AN J. B. renter; Sec. 18; P. 
0. Earlville. 

GEOROEN C._P. Miller, Rockville; 
born in Germany in 1838; moved to this 
country and Dubuque in 1859 ; to Vol- 
ga City, Clayton Co., 1861; to Dyers- 
ville, 1863 ; to his present position in 
1866. He was married in 1866 to Miss 
Ann Ruddlesdin, from England. They 
have had four children — Minnie G., 
John, Annie J., Charles E. He has 
held the office of School Director three 
years, School Treasurer three years. He 
has carried the U. S. mail from Worth- 
ington to Rockville for the past five 
years. Mr. G. learned his trade as a 
miller in Germany. His father-in-law, 
John Ruddlesdin, is proprietor of the 
mill he now operates. 

Cibbs Gen. fir. ; Sec. (5; P. 0. Earlville. 

GIBB^$ JOHN, Sr. Far.; Sec. 12 , 
P. 0. Earlville ; born in Somersetshire, 
Eng., Nov. 22, 1816. They moved to 
this country and Delaware Co. in 1852; 



NORTH FORK TOWNSHIP. 



691 



on his present farm in 1875. He was 
married in 1837 to Miss Elizabeth 
Bunn, from Enghmd ; she was born 
March 8, 1819. "They have had thir- 
teen children — Ruth, Edward, Matthew, 
Sarah, Jane, Elizabeth, Phebe A., 
Eliza, John, Jr., George H., Mary J., 
Ellen, Alice A. Jane, Ellen and Alice 
A. are dead ; John and Eliza live at 
home and assist in carrying on the farm; 
George was married to Miss H. Bis- 
grove, from Delaware Co., February, 
1877 ; they live on a part of the farm ; 
Ruth married W. Parker, of Utah ; Ed- 
ward married Miss Ada Pilgrim, and 
lives in Bremen Tp. ; 3Iatthew married 
Miss Amelia Lewis, of Auburn, N. Y. ; 
they live in Auburn ; Sarah married 
Henry Pilgrim, from England, and lives 
in Elk Tp. ; Elizabeth married James 
Hunt, from England, and lives in Bremen 
Tp. ; Phebe A. married John Cook, from 
England ; Mary J. married E. Bisgrove, 
from England ; they live in Bremer Tp. 
Mr. Gibbs has held the office of School 
Director one year. He has 645 acres 
of land, valued at $18,000. In politics. 
Republican. He is among the earliest 
settlers of the county ; no neighbors 
within two miles of them when they set- 
tled on their farm. 

Gibbs Jno. Jr. far. ; S. 6 ; P. 0. Earlville. 

Goldsmith F. far. ; S. 8 ; P. 0. Dyersville. 

Goldsmith J. far. ; S. 8 ; P. 0. Dyersville. 

Gould E. B. for.; S. 19; P. 0. Earlville. 

Graham S. far. ; S. 6 ; P. 0. Earlville. 

Grapes Geo. far. ; S. 36 ; P. 0. Worth- 
ington. 

Grapes J. B. lab. ; Worthington. 

Grapes Irvin, lab. ; Worthington. 

Grapes John, lab.; Worthington. 

Grapes Saml. retired. 

Grou H. far. ; S. 27 ; P. 0. Worthington. 

HAIGHT J. S. flirmer : S. 7 ; P. 0. 
Earlville. 

Ham R. far. ; S. 36 ; P. 0. Worthington. 

Haass J. far. ; S. 15 ; P. 0. Rockville. 

Haass Nicholas Jr. farmer ; S. 15 ; P. 0. 
Rockville. 

Haass Nicholas Sr. farmer ; S. 15 ; P. 0. 
Rockville. 

Hatch G. for. ; S. 1 ; P. 0. Dyersville. 

Hatch Jesse, retired ; Rockville. 

HEAIiY E. Farmer and Dealer in Ag- 
ricultural Implements ; P. 0. Earlville ; 
born in Canada East June 29, 1826 ; 



came to Massachusetts in 1846 ; he 
moved to this State and county in 1854. 
He purchased his present farm and set- 
tled on it in same year. He was mar- 
ried in 1848 to Miss C. L. Hartwell, 
from Vermont ; they had four children ; 
she died in J 866. He was married in 
1869 to Miss Maria C. Vanderveer, 
from New Jersey ; they have had one 
child. Mr. Healy has 600 acres of land 
located in Sees. 4 and 6, North Fork 
Township. He is the oldest agricul- 
tural implement dealer in the State, hav- 
ing carried on the business successfully 
for over twenty-one years. He has 
handled McCormick's Reapers for 
twenty-one years. He has also specu- 
lated in land to quite an extent. He 
has held the office (;f Township Assessor 
three years and School Director nine 
years. He has held a prominent posi- 
tion in connection with the Old Settler's 
Association of the county. 

Holdren D. J. renter ; Sec. 18; P.O. 
Earlville. 

House C. far.; S. 36 ; P. 0. Worthington. 

Hummell P. C. lab. ; P. 0. Worthington. 

Hutchenson A.dam, farmer ; Sec. 4 ; P. 
0. Earlville. 

Hutchenson J. N. farmer ; Sec. 4 ; P. 0. 
Earlville. 

JAGER JOHN, farmer; Sec. 26 ; P. 
0. Worthington. 
Jager M. far.; S.'6 ; P. 0. Worthington. 
Jancy Jas. laborer ; Dyersville. 
Jager S. far.; S. 25 ; P. 0. Worthington. 

KINNY THOS. farmer; Sec. 9 ; P. 
0. Dyersville. 
Kinny Wni. far. ; Sec. 7 ; P. 0. Earlville. 

LIBBY S. A. farmer; Sec. 31 ; P. 0. 
Hopkinton. 
Lipple C. far.; Sec. 27 ; P. O.Worthington. 
Lux Jos. farmer ; Sec. 29 ; P. 0. Delhi. 

MCCAFFREY FRANK, laborer ; P. 
0. Earlville. 

McCaffrey T. far. ; Sec. 30 ; P. 0. Delhi. 

MacombeV A. renter ; Sec. 28 ; P. 0. 
Worthington. 

Mangrick Martin, fiirmer; Sec. 13; P. 0. 
Worthington. 

Martin Patrick, renter; P. 0. Earlville. 

Milan Thomas, laborer. 

Millard C. flir.; Sec. 12 ; P. 0. Dyersville. 

Millard J. far.; Sec. 3 ; P. 0. Dyersville. 

Millish E. far.; Sec. 11; P. 0. Dyers- 
ville. 



692 



DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY 



Moulton H. Jr. far.; S. 30; P. 0.; 
Worthington. 

Mueller F. mercliant and P. M. ; Kockville. 

Meyers L. W. renter; S. 22; P. 0. Rock- 
ville. 

^TACHTxMAN A. farmer; Sec. 3; P. 

1>J O. Dyersville. 

WICHOLSO:^ ROBERT, Far ; 
Sec. 8 ; P. 0. Earlville ; born in county 
Leitrain, Ireland, in March, 1821 ; emi- 
grated to U. S. A. in 18-41, living in 
Pennsylvania and New Jersey until the 
Spring of 1855, when he came to this 
county and erected his residence where 
he now lives ; married the 17th of Aug., 
1846, to Mary Cook ; she died in May, 
1856 ; they had three children — Thomas, 
Ehza J. and Robert; married Jan. 17, 
1861, Jane Morris, in Ohio. She died 
in 1861, leaving one child — Rolland B., 
who died when 4 years old ; married the 
third time, Delia Flinn, Dec. 24, 1866. 
She died in 1868, leaving one child — 
Lucy Ann. Mr. Nicholson has 220 
acres of land, valued at $4,500 ; has 
held the office of Justice of the Peace 
for several years past and is also Town 
Commissioner. 

Noonan Pat. far ; S. 21 ; P. 0. Rockville. 

Noonan Thomas, lab. ; P. 0. Rockville. 

O'MERA ED. far. ; Sec. 20 ; P. 0. 
Earlville. 
Omera John ; far. ; S. 20 ; P. 0. Earlville. 
Oohler Henry, renter ; P. 0. Earlville. 
Otto A. far. ; Sec. 14; P. 0. Dyersville. 
Otto Wm. lab. ; Dyersville. 

PAGE C^SAR, far.; S. 16; P. 0. 
Rockville. 
Page Wm. far.; S. 16 ; P. 0. Rockville. 
Peets John, lab.; Worthington. 
Popham Edwin, far.; S.ll ; P.O. Dyersville. 
Peets Lewis, far.; S. 35|; P.O. Worthington 
T3EEDER ROYAL, far.; S.15 ; P. 0. 
JL\) Dyersville. 

Raker Louis, far., Sec. 2 ; P. 0. Dyersville. 
Richardson David, far.; S. 6 ; P.O. Earlville. 
Richardson J. far.; S. 6 ; P. 0. Earlville. 
Richardso:i John, far.; S. 6 ; P.O. Earlville. 



Rotterman R. far.; S. 13 ; P.O. Dyersville. 
Ruddlesdin Eli, renter ; P. 0. Rockville. 
Ruddlesdin John, renter ; Rockville. 

SCHREKMELLE ANTON, Farmer ; 
S. 15; P.O. Rockville. 
Sharp Henry, far.; S. 10 ; P.O. Dyersville. 
Sharp John, far.; S. 15 ; P. 0. Dyersville. 
Sievert John, far.; S. 5 ; P. 0. Earlville. 
Smith Jacob, far.; S.28 ; P.O. Worthington. 
Smith J. J. far.; S. 28 ; P.O.Worthington. 
Stoner Henry, fiir.; S. 18 ; P.O. Earlville. 
Stoner Willis, flir.; S. 18 ; P. 0. Earlville. 

TASTOOE F. renter; S. 7 ; P. O. 
Dyersviile. 
Tattersol Roger, far.; S. 2 ; P.O. Dyersville. 
Toomer Wm. far.; S. 14 ; P. 0. Dyersville. 

WADSLEY JOHN, far.; S.25 ; P. 0. 
Worthington. 
WHEELESS A. B„ P. 0. Worth- 
ington; S. 34 ; born in Washington Co., 
111., 1826 ; moved to Iowa and on to his 
present farm in 1851 ; he was married in 
1848 to Mi.'is Sarah H. Barnes, from 111.; 
they have had eleven children, eight 
living — Matilda E., William B., Mary 
A., Henry H., Stephen D., Uriah T., 
Reuben A., Sai*ah L. His wife died in 
the Fall of 1872 ; married again, in the 
Fall of 1875, to Miss A. A. Place, from 
New York ; they have had one child — 
Perry R.; Mr. W. has held the office of 
Justice of the Peace four years ; Tp. 
Trustee ten years ; School Director fif- 
teen years ; he has 240 acres of land, 
valued at $9,000 ; Mr. W. enlisted in 
the Mexican War, in 1846, under Gens. 
Taylor and Wool ; he was engaged in 
the battle of Buena Vista ; his company 
went into the engagement with forty 
men and came out with twenty fit for 
duty ; in politics, Mr. H. is an Old Line 
Democrat ; in religion, M. E. 

Whitney Robt., farmer; S. 14 ; P.O. Dyers- 
ville. 

Wilkinson Wm. far.; S. 28 ; P. 0. Worth- 
ington. 

Wolfe Charles, renter ; S. 33 ; P. 0. Worth- 
ington. 



HAZEL GREEN TOWNSHIP. 



693 



HAZEL GREEN TOWNSHIP. 



ABBEY G. farmer; Sec. 32; P.O. 
Golden Prairie. 

Aldrich Henry, far. ; S. 22 ; P. 0. Golden 
Prairie. 

Aldricli Lewis, renter ; 8. 21 ; P. 0. Golden 
Prairie. 

Aldricli L. far. ; Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Delhi. 

Ames J. M. far. ; Sec. 5 ; P. 0. Golden 
Prairie. 

Ames Bobert W. far. ; S. 5 ; P. 0. Golden 
Prairie. 

ANDREWS ALONZO, Farmer; 
Sec. 1 ; P. O. Delhi; owns 100 acres, 
vtdued at $.3,000 ; born in New York 
State, in 1835 ; came to this county in 
1859 ; married Miss Elvira Barnes Dec. 
23, 1864; she was born in Canada 
July 17, 1844; has three children — 
Minnie M., Gertrude and Florence C. 
Republican. 

Arnold H. far ; S. 35 ; P. 0. Uniontown. 
Atkins A. far.; S. 4 ; P.O. Golden Prairie. 

B ELDING AMOS, laborer; Sec. U ; 
P. 0. Hazel Green. 
Bensley J. M. far. ; S. 32 ; P. 0. Nugent's 

Grove. 
Billins:?? F. far. ; S. 12 ; P. 0. Hazel Green. 
Bloodgood L. W. far. ; S. 5 ; P. 0. Man- 
chester. 
Brewer C. far. ; Sec. 29 ; P. 0. Golden 

Britt P. far. ; S. 21 ; P. 0. Golden Prairie, 
Brown W. renter ; S. 9 ; P. 0. Golden 

Prairie. 
Burke J. farmer ; Sec. 23. 

CARPENTER E. G. clergyman ;?Sec. 
8 ; P. 0. Golden Prairie. 

Chrystal D. far . ; Sec. 8 ; P. 0. Golden 
Prairie. 

CHRYSTAL. JOHN, Farmer; 
Sec. 8 ; P. 0. Golden Prairie ; owns 360 
acres, valued at $10,000 ; principal pro- 
duct corn and hay ; born in Scotland 
Jan. 25, 1837 ; came to this county in 
1856 ; married Miss Mary Orr March 
21, 1867 ; she was born in Muskingum 
Co., Ohio, Aug. 8, 1839 ; has four chil- 
dren living — Sarah J., born April 24, 
1868 ; Robert A., Dec. 15, 1809 ; Cath- 
erine, July 19, 1871 ; Mary L., Sept. 
11, 1873, died Jan. 22, 1874, and an 
infant, born Oct. 8, 1877 ; Mr. C is a 



Republican in politics : in religion. 
Reformed Pi-esbyterian. 

Clark F. teacher ; S. 5 ; P. 0. Golden 
Prairie. 

Crosier A. lab. ; 8. 1 ; P. 0. Hazel Green. 

CROSIER RRADFORD, Farm- 
er; Sec. 1; P. O. Hazel Green; owns 
100 acres, valued at $3,000 ; born in 
Cuyahoga Co., Ohio, August, 1822 j 
came to this county in 1846, and to his 
present residence in 1853 ; married Miss 
Henrietta Pierce Nov. 21, 1849 ; has 
six children livinir — Henry, born in 
1850; Elmira, 1852 ; Andrew, 1855 ; 
Emma, 1861 ; George, 1866; and Wil- 
liam, 1869 ; enlisted Nov. 22, 1862, in 
Co. G, 6th I. C. ; was honorably dis- 
charged May 28, 1865; is a Democrat. 
Curtis Preston P. farmer; S. 11 ; P. O. 
Hazel Green. 

DALGLEISH ROBT. farmer ; S. 18 ; 
P. 0. Golden Prairie. 
Danford S. ftirmer ; S. 1 ; P. 0. Delhi. 
Devine P. farmer; Sec. 23; P. 0. Hazel 

Green. 
Dickey F. B. farmer; S. 12; P. O. Hazel 

Green. 
Dickey F. N. merchant , Hazel Green . 
Dickey G. farmer ; Sec. 12 ; P. O. Hazel 

Green. 
Dickey John G. farmer; Sec. 12; P.O. 

Hazel Green. 
Dickey Wm. G. farmer ; Sec. 12 ; P. 0. 

Hazel Green. 
Donahue Theodore, farmer; Sec. 30; P. 0. 

Nugent's Grove. 
Drummy John, farmer; Sec. 19; P. O. 

Golden Prairie. 
Drummy Simon, lab. ; S. 29 ; P. 0. Man- 
chester. 
Drummy Wm. Sr. farmer; Sec. 29 ; P. O. 

Manchester. 
Drummy Wm. F. farmer ; Sec. 20 ; P. O. 

Manchester. 
DuUea Dennis, farmer ; Sec. 26 ; P. 0. 

Uniontown. 
DUNL.AP J. B. Farmer; Sec. 3; 
I P. 0. Hazel Green ; owns 940 acres, 
valued at $20,000 ; born at Derry Co., 
Ireland, April 18, 1833 ; came to this 
county in 1854 and entered a quantity 
of land on which he moved in 1856 ; 



694 



DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY 



married Miss C M. Comstock May 
26,1860. She was born in Washing- 
ton Co., N. Y., Aug. i), 1833 ; have 
eight children living and two deceased 
—John A., born March 12, 1861 ; Al- 
mira J., Aii-r. 9, 1862, died Feb. 20, 
1863; Th..masJ., Feb. 9, 1864, died 
April 18, 1864; Robert E., March 9, 
1865; Ida, Jan. 24, 1867; Geo. C, 
Dec. 26, 1868; James, June 4, 1871 ; 
Wm. J., July 18,/ 1873; Clara M., 
Sept. 12, 1875, and David L., Dec. 7, 
1877. Mr. D. is one of the early 
settlers of this township ; has sur- 
mounted the trials and difficulties inci- 
dent to a pioneer life and now owns one 
of the finest and best equipped flu-ms in 
this part of the county ; is a Republi- 
can and Reformed Presbyterian. 

DIJNLAP THOS. B. Farmer; S. 
11; P. 0. Hazel Green; owns 220 
acres, valued at $5,000 ; born in Ire- 
land Oct. 10, 1839; came to this county 
in 1857; married Miss Rose Speers 
Oct. 15, 1867. She was born in Ire- 
land Oct. 14, 1846. They have three 
children — Alexander E., born Aug. 4, 
1868; Elmira J., Oct. 29, 1870; and 
Robert J.. Oct. 7, 1873; enlisted Aug. 
22, 1862, in Co. K, 21st I. V. I. ; par- 
ticipated in the battles of Port Gibson, 
Champion Hills, Black River Bridge, 
siege of Vicksburg, Jackson, capture of 
Mobile, and was honorably discharged 
July 15, 1865; is a Republican and 
Protestant. 

Dunlap Wm. far.; S. 18; P. 0. Golden 
Prairie. 

EAGAN MICHAEL, farmer; S. 36 ; 
P. 0. Grove Creek, Jones Co. 
Ellison S. far. ; S. 36 ; P. 0. Uniontown. 

FIELDS ALEXANDER J. laborer; 
S. 23 ; P. 0. Hazel Green. 

Flanagan Patrick, far.; S. 28; P. 0. 
Golden Prairie. 

FL.IXT C. L. Farmer and Stock 
Raiser; S. 11 ; P. 0. Hazel Green; 
born in Schoharie Co., N. Y., July 31, 
1825. Moved from Cooperstown, Ot- 
sego Co., N. Y., to Hazel Green, Dela- 
ware Co., Iowa, in April, 1853; has 
1,300 acres of land, valued at $46,000. 
Republican in politics; in religioi), a 
supporter of churches of all creeds ; 
has been Postmaster, Justice of the 
Peac^, County Supervisor, Trustee of 



the Iowa College for the Blind ; has 
found in an experience of twelve years, 
with a dairy of forty-six cows, that 
dairying pays, notwithstanding out-door 
labor be purchased ; that sheep pay 
well, though requiring great care, having 
had a flock varying from 1,000 to 2,000 
for ten years ; that raising horses also 
pays, having dealt largely in that busi- 
ness. Was married March 13, 1849. 
Maiden name of wife, Calista F. Holt, 
born May 12, 1830. Name of children 
— Charles L., born June 1, 1854; Hat- 
lie J., born Nov. 29, 1856; Harry W., 
born Jan. 22, 1862; Nellie C, born 
Nov. 22, 1865. 

FLIXT CHAS. li. Farmer ; Sec. 7 ; 
P. 0. Golden Prairie ; born in this 
county June 1, 1854; married Miss M. 
E. Coquillett Dec. 2, 1874; she was 
born in McIIenry Co., 111., April 19, 
1857 ; has two children — Ethel C.,born 
Sept. 14, 1875, and Clyde L., Dec. 16, 
1877. Is a Republican and a Protestant. 

Flint P. P. lab. ; S. 11 ; P. O. Hazel Green. 

Fredrich H. far. ; S. 11 ; P.O. Hazel Green. 

GODARD H. R. renter; Sec. 13; P. 
0. Uniontown. 

OREEX NEWTOBJ, Farmer ; Sec. 
24 ; P. 0. Hazel Green ; owns 155 acres, 
valued at $4,000 ; born in Ripley Co., 
Ind., March 5, 1835 ; came to this 
county in 1846; married Miss America 
Smith March 18, 1855 ; she was born 
in Hancock Co., Ky., Aug.' 13, 1835 ; 
has four children — Mary E., born Jan. 
24, 1857; Eva, Dec. 17, 1858; Newton 
A., March 5, 1864; Chas. E., July 26, 
1874. Principal product, corn and hay. 
Enlisted Feb. 26, 1864, in Co. K, 21st 
I. V. I. ; was at the capture of Mobile, 
and honorably discharged at Houston, 
Tex., August, 1865. Is a Republican 
and Free-Will Baptist. Mr. G. has run 
a threshing machine for many years, and 
is prepared to guarantee satisfaction to 
all customers. 

Grover Wm. far. ; S. 32 ; P. 0. Grove 

GrXHRIE THOMAS, Farmer; 
Sec. 8 ; P. 0. Golden Prairie ; owns 200 
acres of land, valued at $5,000 ; born in 
Clarion Co., Penn., Oct. 7, 1815 ; came 
to this county in 1856 ; married Miss 
Elizabeth Lusk June 20, 1838. They 
have six children — Wm. S., born June 



HAZEL GREEN TOWNSHIP. 



695 



2, 1839, and served in the 1st Cavalry 
during the war; Albert A., Jan. 15, 
1841, and served in the 4th Cavalry; 
Thomas L., June 24, 1843, and served 
in Co. K, 21st I. V. I. ; James M., Feb. 
26, 1845: John M., Nov. 15, 1847; 
Samuel 0., May 20, 1850, and Mary O., 
Sept. 15, 1853, and died Feb. 7, 1873 ; 
is a Republican and Protestant. Mrs. 
G. was born in Piitsburgh, Penn. June 
7, 1819. 
GUTHRIE WM. S. Farmer ; Sec. 
8 ; P. 0. Golden Prairie ; owns 325 
acres, valued at $6,000 ; born in West- 
moreland Co., Penn., June. 2, 1839 ; 
came to this county in 1 856 ; married 
Sarah J. Orr April 8, 1869 ; she was 
born in Muskingum Co., Ohio, Nov. 26, 
1841 ; have three children living and 
one deceased — Thomas A., born Jan. 
14, 1870 ; Edgar P]., Aug. 4, 1871, died 
April 21, 1873; Lizzie L., April 29, 
1874, and Arthur, Nov. 1, 1876; en- 
listed Aug. 25, 1861, in Co. L., 1st I. 
Cavalry, and served till Sept. 10, 1864, 
when he was honorably discharged ; is a 
Republican and Presbyterian ; Mrs. G. 
is a member of the Reformed Presby- 
terian Church. 

HAIGH WM. farmer ; Sec. 20 ; P. 0. 
Golden Prairie. 
Harrington Dennis, farmer; Sec. 13; P. 

0. Hazel Green. 
Haynes R. W. far.; S. 4 ; P.O. Manchester. 
Heyden C. lab.; S. 11; P. 0. Hazel Green. 
Hickethier Chas. farmer ; Sec. 17 ; P. 0. 

Golden Prairie. 
Hill F. far.; Sec. 13 ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 
Hill H. ; Sec. 13 ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 
Houston C. V. farmer ; Sec. 36 ; P. 0. 

Grove Creek. 
Houston J. N. farmer : Sec. 36 ; P. 0. 

Grove Creek. 

Hugh G. far.; Sec. 22; P. 0. Uniontown. 

TRELAXD JAMES, Farmer; 

J_ Sec. 3 ; P. 0. Manchester ; owns 147 

acres of land, valued at $4,000 ; born 

in England May 23, 1837 ; came to 

• this county in 1857 ; married Miss Ade 

laide Crosier Dec. 19, 1858; she was 

born in Ogle Co.. 111., April 15, 1841 ; 

have two children — Horace M., born 

March 1, 1861, anjl Annie L. Jan. 27, 

1867. Is a Republican and Free Will 

Baptist. Enlisted in 1861, in Co. I, 

2d I. V. C and participated in many 



battles and skirmishes ; was honorably 
dischartred Oct. 3, 1864. 
INBEIiE CHAS. M. Far.; Sec. 15; 
P. 0. Hazel Green ; owns 142 i acres of 
land, valued at $3,500; born in Otsego, 
Co., N. Y., in 1841 ; came to this 
county, 1873. Married Miss Dillon 
Feb. 13. 1873; she was born in this 
county Dec. 16, 1840; they have there 
children— Frances, born Nov. 24, 1873*, 
Bessie, Dec. 27, 1875; and Charles T., 
Jan. 3, 1878 ; enlisted Sept. 5, 1862, 
in Co. D. 8th I. V. C. ; participated in 
forty-eight consecutive battles ; was 
wounded at Chantilly Nov. 8, 1863, 
while charging on a Division of rebel 
infantry, having his horse shot under 
him ; only missed three guard duties 
while in the service, and that while suf- 
fering with wounds from which he Ls 
now partially disabled. Republican. 

JAMES CHAS. laborer; Sec. 8 ; P.O. 
Golden Prairie. 

KEEGAN JAMES, farmer; Sec. 30; 
P. 0. Uniontown. 
Keith J. far.; S. 15 ; P. 0. Golden Prairie. 
Keegan Thomas, farmer ; Sec. 29 ; P. 0. 

Golden Prairie. 
Keith B. far.; S. 15 ; P. 0. Golden Prairie. 
Kellum S. far.; S. 16 ; P.O. Golden Prairie. 
Krieling Baruhard, farmer ; Sec. 23; P. 
0. Uniontown. 

LACEY MARK, farmer; Sec. 23; 
P. (). Uniontown. 

McBRIDE JAMES, farmer; Sec. 
24 ; P. 0. Uniontown. 

McBride W. far. ; Sec. 25 ; P. 0. Union- 
town. 

McCusker Wm. Jr. far.; S. 33 ; P.O. Golden 
Prairie. 

McCusker Wm. Sr. far. ; Sec. 34 ; P. 0. 
Golden Prairie. 

McDaniel P. far. ; S. 1 ; P.O. Hazel Green. 

McQuillan J. far.; Sec. 34; P. O. Grove 
Creek. 

Main J. lab. ; S. 16 ; P.O. Golden Prairie. 

MAXGOLD JACOB, Farmer;. 
Sec. 33 ; P. 0. Manchester ; owns 440 
acres in Delaware Co., valued at $11,- 
000, and 160 acres in Linn Co., valued 
$3,500. Born in Switzerland Nov. 
11, 1832; came to Southern Illinois in 
May, 1854; came to this county in 
1855, and entered the homestead on 
which he now resides. Married Miss 
Francisca Marshall March 23, 1866; 



696 



DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY: 



she was born in Bavaria May 4, 1848; , 
came to this country in 1863 ; they have ; 
four children — Caroline, born March 4, 
18011 ; John J., April 6, 1871 ; Carl i 
F., July 23, 1873, and Edward, June 
25, 1876. Mr. M. came to this county 
with limited means, but by persistent 
economy and perseverence,henow ranks 
as one of the most thrifty farmers of this 
part of the county. Republican and 
Protestant. 

MATTISOIV SPEXCER E. 

Farming and Stock Raising ; Sec. 13 ; 
P. 0. Hazel Green ; owns 227 
acres, valued at $7,<HJ0 ; born in Pitts- 
field, Vt., Aug., 10, 1830; came to this 
county in 1 872 ; married Mary a Hugh- 
lett July 18, 1861, at Galena, 111. ; she 
was born in Dubuque, Aug. 27, 
1837 ; have six children living, and one 
deceased — Nellie E., born May 18, 
1862, died Sept. 21, 1869 ; Samuel H., 
Sept. 30, 1863; OUn T., March 26, : 
1866 ; Spencer E., Nov. 20, 1867 ; j 
Bessie A., Feb. 17, 1870; John E., 
Oct. 4, 1873, and Gertrude, Jan. 21, ' 
1876 ; is in politics, Independent, and i 
religion Protestant. 

MERRIAM GUSTAVUS, Farm- 
er ; Sec. 26 ; P. 0. Uniontown ; owns ; 
174 acres, worth $4,500 ; born in Wor- i 
cester Co., Mass., Aug. 4, 1830; came 
to this county in 1855 ; married Fi- 
delia M. Gregory in 1851, who died in : 
1858 ; married Emily A. Somes Oct. 
16, 1860, who was born in Jefferson Co., 
N. Y., Aug. 19, 1831 ; he has by the first 
marriage two daughters — Clara M., now 
Mrs. Hogland, born Feb., 1852 ; Mary 
S., now Mrs. Dodge, born May, 1855 ; 
two boys by the last marriage — Louis P., 
born July 31. 1868; Freddie, born 
April, 1863, died Sept. 23, 1865. 

MIDKIFF PRESTON, Farmer ; 
Sec. 2 ; P. 0. Hazel Green ; owns 175 
acres of land, valued at $4,300 ; born in 
Kanawha Co., Va., Aug. 31, 1836 ; 
came to this county in 1853 ; married 
Miss Roxanna Dairy mple July 8, 1855; 
she was born in Shelby Co., Ohio, Aug. 
31,1838. On July 16, 1855, Mr. M. 
started with his bride of only a week, to 
seek a new home in Kansas ; arriving 
in Union Co., Iowa, the news of Lane's 
depredations in Kansas reached their 
ears, and they thought it prudent to re- 



main where they were till the trouble 
had subsided ; they remained there till 
1857, where an infant was born, which 
they named James, but only lived a few 
months; they then went to Cass Co., 
Neb., and remained till 1859, when they 
returned to Union Co., Iowa, and from 
there to Clarke Co. in 1862, and to this 
county in 1863, where they have since 
resided ; they have three children living 
— John L., born in Neb., Sept. 27, 
1857 ; Nancy D., born in Clarke Co., 
Iowa, Oct. 4, 1862, and Geo. T., born 
in this township March 16, 1868; Mr. 
M. enlisted Oct. 12, 1864, in Co. K, 
21st la. V. I., and was honorably dis- 
charged at Houston, Texas, Aug. 15, 
1865; is a Republican and Protestant. 

Miller B. P. far.; S. 24 ; P. 0. Uniontown. 

Miller W. B. far.; S.IO ; P.O. Hazel Green. 

9IOORE R. W. Far.; S. 29 ; P. 0. 
Hopkinton ; born in Guernsey Co., 0., 
June 30, 1830 ; came t^ the county in 
Nov., 1856; married Mi.^s Sarah L. 
Scarbrough April 15, 1858; she was 
born in same county, June 24, 1836 ; 
have four children living — Margaret M., 
born Feb. 8, 1859 ; Nancy R., Jan. 1, 
1862; Myra E., Oct. 6, 1804; Lyman 
C, Feb. 1, 1869, died Feb. 17 of same 
year, and James H., born June 20, 1871; 
Democrat and local minister of the 
United Brethren Church. 

Morgan Franklin B. 

Morgan Joseph, far.; S. 14; P. 0. Hazel 
Green. 

Moulton A. W, far.; S. 10 ; P. 0. Hazel 
Green. 

O'KANE DANIEL, far.; S. 35 ; P. 0. 
Hazel Green. 
OAKMAN WM. C. Farmer; S. 
24 ; P. O. Hopkinton ; owns seventy 
acres, valued at $2,250 ; born in Frank- 
lin Co., Mass., June 11, 1836; came to 
this county in 1868 ; married Miss 
Elmira S. Belding in March, 1857 ; she 
was born in Cheshire Co., N.H., Dec. 7, 
1835 ; Independent in politics and re- 
ligion. 
P'^ARTRIDGE J. W. farmer; Sec. 9; 
P. 0. Golden Prairie. 
Patton Samuel, far. ; Sec. 30 ; P. 0. Nu- 

trent's Grove, Linn Co. 
PERLEY MOSES, Physician and 
Farmer; Sec. 12 ; P. 0. Hazel Green; 
\ owns 300 acres, valued at $7,500 ; born 



HAZEL GREEN TOWNSHIP. 



697 



in Berlin, Washington Co., Vt., Mjij 2, 
1805 ; came to this county in 1874 ; 
married Miss Louisa Childs Sept. 11, | 
1833, who died March 18, 1865 ; has \ 
by that marriage one son — ChaunceyC., I 
born Oct. IG, 1841 ; married Mrs. Mary 
A. Heath Aug. 11, 1865; they have ; 
one son — Proctor, born May 2, 1869 ; ; 
Independent in politics and religion. 

Pierce Henry, lab. ; Sec. 1 1 ; P. O. Hazel j 
Green. '• 

Pierce J. H. far. ; S. 13 ; P. 0. Union- 
town. 

Pumpeary John, far. ; S. 33 ; P. 0. Hazel 
Oreen. 

RICHARDSON AMOS, far. ; Sec. 36 ; I 
P. 0. Uniontown. i 

Richardson H. A. lab. ; Sec. 36 ; P. O. j 
Uniontown. i 

Riley E. farmer; Sec. 33; P. 0. Man- 
cncstcr. 

SHEPPARD JAMES, farmer; Sec. 
1 ; P. 0. Hazel Green. I 

Sheppard Jas. renter ; S. 22 ; P. 0. Hazel 

Green. , 

Sheppard J. laborer; S. 11 ; P. O. Hazel | 

Green. i 

Sheppard Johnson, lab ; Sec. 11; P. O. ! 

Hazel Green. 
SHEPPARD JOSEPH, Farmer; 
Sec. 17 ; P. O. Golden Prairie ; born in 
Maryland March 9, 1820; came to 
this county in 1854; married Mary 
Lyon a native of Ohio, in 1851 ; their 
children are Johnson, Michael, Mary, 
Margaret E., Amos, Richard, George, 
David and Joseph. Is Protestant and 
Democrat. 
Sheppard M. far. ; S. 1 ; P. 0. Hazel 

Green. 
Sheppard M. lab.; S. 11 ; P. 0. Hazel 

Green. 
Shinn H. far. ; S. 21 ; P. 0. Golden 

Prairie. 
Speers J. far. ; S. 14 ; P. 0. Hazel Green. 
SQUIRES JAMES H. Farmer; 
Sec. 23 ; P. 0. Hazel Green ; owns 107? 
acres of land, valued at $2,500 ; born in 
Cortland Co., N. Y. in 1842. Came to 
this county in 1852. Married Miss 
Mary A. Everhart in Monticello, Jones 
Co., Iowa, January 31, 1866 ; she was 
born in Mercer Co., Pa , Jan. 31, 1848. 
They have two children — Edwin E., 
born Aug. 29, 1867, and Edith Maud, 
March 28, 1870. Rep. ; Cong. 



SQUIRES S. S. Farmer ; Sec. 23 ' 
P. O. Hazel Green ; owns 495 acres, 
valued at |12,0(»0 ; born in Cortland 
Co., N. Y., May 23, 1833; came to this 
county in 1852; married Sarah J. Whit- 
comb in 1858. Their children are 
Dora L., Bertha, Willard, Angie, Jennie 
and Frankie M. Mr. S.'s mother was 
born in 1807, and is still living with 
her children. His father was born in 
1809, and died July 7, 1865 ; they were 
married in 1832. Mr. S. is a Repub- 
lican and Protestant. 
SQUIRES THOS. J. Farmer ; Sec. 
23; P. 0. Hazel Green; owns 108i 
acres, valued at $2,640 ; born in Cort- 
land Co., N. Y., May 8, 1846 ; came to 
Jones Co., Iowa, in 1851, and to this 
county in 1852 ; went back to Jones 
Co. in 1853, where he remained till 
1867, when he again returned to this 
county, where he has since resided. 
Married Miss Ruth Orr July 3, 1873 ; 
she was born in Muskingum Co., Ohio, 
March 19, 1836. They have two chil- 
dren — Myrtie Luella, born May 27, 
1874, and Richard C. Wiley, Sept. 16, 
1876. Is a Hepublican and Reformed 
Presbyterian. 
STILL WIL.L CH AS. H. Farmer ; 
Sec. 10 ; P. 0. Golden Prairie ; owns 
160 acre's, valued at $4,000 ; born in 
Elba, Genesee Co., N. Y., Feb. 7, 1843; 
came to this county in 1865. Married 
Miss Marion Kirkwood Feb. 11, 1868; 
she was born in Buifalo, N. Y., Nov. 
21, 1844. They have four children — 
Aggie May, born Nov. 25, 1868 ; Hiram 
R., Aus. 23, 1872; Charles M., Nov. 8, 
1874; Hayes K., Dec. 17, 1876. Prin- 
cipal product of farm is corn, oats and 

SlfiiLIVAX CORNELIUS, 

Farmer ; Sec. 20 ; P. 0. Golden Prai- 
rie ; owns 160 acres, valued at $4,000 ; 
born in County Cork, Ireland, in 1832 ; 
came to Boston in 1851, and to Catta- 
raugus Co., N. Y., in 1853, where he 
married Miss Margaret 0. Hern Sept. 
2d of the same year ; she was born in 
Cork Co., Ireland, in 1834; they have 
eleven children — Timothy, born in Cat- 
taraugus Co., N. Y., June 1854; Mary 
E., in Elmira, N. Y., April 29, 1856 ; 
Jeremiah, in Bradford Co., Penn., Oct. 
23, 1859 ; Michael, in same place, Dec. 



698 



DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY; 



23, 1861 ; Cornelius, born in Lycoming 
Co., Penn., Jan. 20, 18G3 ; Hannah M., 
in the same place Feb. 28, 18t!5 ; Dan- 
iel, in Bradford Co., Penn., Aug. 14, 
1867 ; John P., born in same place, Feb. 
2, 1869; Wm. H., June 20, 1871; 
Julia A. A. Sept. 23, 1873, and Thom- 
as, June 22, 1877 ; the last three were 
born in this town.shiji. Mr. S. has 
raised a nephew, Michael W., son of 
Daniel Sullivan ; he was born in Lycom- 
ing Co.. Penn., Aug. 17, 1864; his 
father died April 2, 1865, uf small pox, 
aged 28 years ; his mother died March 
5, 1869. 

Summers Martin, far. : S. 27 : P. 0. Gold- 
en Prairie. 
TALMADGE GEO. renter; P. 0. 
Hopkinton. 

TAYLOR C. L. Farmer ; Sec. 6 ; P. 
0. Manchester; owns 185 acres, valued 
at $5,500 ; born in Grafton Co., N. H., 
May 3, 1845; came to this county in 
1866; married Mrs. Lucinda Wilson, 
daughter of Thomas and Lavinia Mc- 
Call, Sept. 17, 1868 ; she was born in 
Clarion Co., Penn., June 27, 1845, and 
died Nov. 8, 1872, in this township ; has 
one son — Leon Hanson, born March 26, 
1870 ; dairying and hogs are the chief 
product of the form. 

TAYLOR HIRAM N. Farmer; 
Sec. 6. ; P. 0. Manchester ; owns 135 
acres, valued at $4,000 ; born in Grafton 
Co., N. H., May 11, 1841, came to this 
county in 18()6 ; married Julia S. Brit- 
ton Oct. 25. 1873, who was born in 
Rutland Co. Vt., April 5, 1851 ; corn is 
the principal product of his farm ; is a 
Republican and Protestant. 

TAYLOR R. L. Farmer, Liventor 
and Manufacturer ; born in West Wind- 
sor, Vt., Feb. 7, 1829 ; married to Miss 
Charlutte M. MitchiOl March 25, 1857, 
who was born at Leompster, N. H., 
July 15, 1833, but mostly raised in 
Weathersfield, Vt. She died at Hop- 
kinton, Iowa, Jan 11, 1866, leaving 
him two daughters living — Charlotte 
Minerva, born at New Oregon, Iowa, 
Sept. 7, 1858, and Edith Grace, born at 
Hopkinton, Iowa, Oct. 4, 1864; having 
previously lost one daughter and one 
son ; he was married the second time to 
Mrs. Carrie R. Atwood. April 2, 1867, 
who was born at Westminster, Vt.. Dec. 



12, 1839. He moved with his family 
to Hopkinton, Delaware Co., Iowa, in 
Sept. 1860, where he kept a store and 
post office for several years. His health 
failing, he sold his store and enclosed, in 
common with others, his farm where he 
now resides, on Section 5, Hazel Green 
Township, in this county, then compar- 
atively a mere speck as compared with 
the extensive wild, almost unbroken and 
sparsely settled prairie, in the Spring of 
1866. To save expense, he conceived 
the idea of fencing in one enclosure a 
strip of land one mile wide by two miles 
long, save forty acres, which he accom- 
plished by inducing other owners to join 
in the enterprise, which, although it cost 
him a large effort, richly repaid him by 
bringing his farm, then of about 320 
acres, into the enclosure thus formed 
(the renot being fenced previously, of the 
full amount, only about 170 acres in the 
almost two square miles), this enclosed 
with a single line of fence about 240 
rods in length, being one side of his 
farm. The surrounding prairies were 
fenced and improved as by magic, and 
in a very few years were all fenced and 
dotted with buildings and groves. He 
commenced the building of wire fence 
when it was looked upon with distrust 
and considered a failure generally. He 
discovered the supposed failure to be 
want of building it j)roperly and keep- 
ing the wires tight. The latter diffi- 
culty he successfully overcame by in- 
venting the famous Taylor Stretcher, 
which is now extensively used and has 
a wide-spread reputation of being the 
best in use, and so cheap that farmers 
cannot afford to do without it. He has 
also invented a wire splicer and pincers 
for connecting wires which make a per- 
fect splice that cannot break, besides 
saving much time and wire and is con- 
sidered almost indispensable in building 
and repairing wire fences. The Taylor 
Harrow is also his invention. It is 
extensively introduced, and, by the re- 
ports of the best farmers, it has become 
established as the best and most practi- 
cable harrow in the Great West. 

Thomas Henry, far. ; S. 10 ; P. 0. Hazel 
Green. 

Thomas A. S. lab. ; S. 15 ; P. 0. Goldea 
Prairie. 



HAZEL GREEN TOWNSHIP. 



699 



Thomas Hurbert, laborer; S. 17; P.O. 
Golden Prairie. 

THOMAS J. A. Farinino; and Stock 
Raising; S. 16; P. 0. Golden Prairie; 
owns 825 acres, valued at $25,000 ; 
bnrn in Connecticut Aug. 18, 1827 ; 
came to this county in 1862. He 
spent his boyhood with his uncle, J. H. 
Benedict, in Otsego Co., N. Y. As a 
school boy, was never caught alone 
pouring over his books. His time, 
when not at work, was mostly devoted to 
breaking steers and colts, making calf 
yokes, sleds, etc. When 12 years old, 
he had four bright red, 2-year old steers, 
with brass buttons on their horns, 
trained so nicely that he drove them 
without a yoke about the county fair 
grounds ; they would mind the motion 
of the whip, he being perched upon the 
head of an old ox whose weight was 
nearly 2,000 pounds. He thinks now 
if farmers' boys would get more educa- 
tion in the barnyai'd, there would be 
fewer farmers who would say their lives 
were failures financially. He went to 
California, in 1849, by way of Cape 
Horn ; was gone five years. Married 
Miss Almira Flint Nov. 1, 1856. She 
was born in Montgomery Co., N. Y., 
Jan. 24, 1836 ; is a member of the 
Congregational Church. Came to this 
county in the Spring of 1862 with 950 
sheep ; drove them to this State from 
Michigan the year before. This was 
the largest flock, except one, in Iowa, at 
the time ; kept them seven years. The 
enterprise was a success, the profits 
purchasing 100 acres of land each 
year. 

Thomas Wm. far.; S. 15; P. 0. Golden 
Prairie. 

Tinkham Chas. far. ; S. 5 ; P. O. Golden 
Prairie. 

Tinkham Clarence, far. ; S. 5 ; P. O. 
Golden Prairie. 

yTTLiEY" G. H. Farmer; Sec. 16; 
kJ p. O. Golden Prairie ; born in 
Erie Co., Ohio, Jan. 5, 1851 ; came to 
this county in 1868. Married Lora 
Cleveland Jan. 1, 1874 ; she was born 
in Illinois Jan. 11, 1851 ; they have 
one son — Harry, born Jan. 4, 1875. Is 
a Republican. 

WAGEY F. W. laborer; Sec. 34; 
P. 0. Manchester. 



WAL.KUP OTIS B. Farmer ; Sec. 
18; P.O.Manchester; owns 116 a<res, 
valued at $3,500 ; born in Franklin 
Co., Mass., Aug. 27, 1827. Married 
Miss Aurilla Spauldlng Sept. 18, 1851, 
in Vermont ; she was born in Cheshire 
Co., N. H., March 17, 1828, they moved 
to this county in 1 867 ; have five chil- 
dren — Maria A., born Jan. 17, 1853 ; 
George 0., April 22, 1858 ; Charles W., 
July 27, 1860 ; Hoyt. L. June 9, 1864, 
and Jennie E., Aug. 11, 1867. Is a 
Republican and Protestant. Came to 
Iowa, Jones Co., April, 185(5 ; moved 
to Delaware Co., March, 1867. 

Warrell J. farmer; S. 22; P.O. Hazel 
Green. 

WAUGH DAVID, Farmer; Sec. 
3; P. 0. Hazel Green ; owns 280 acres, 
valued at $8,500 ; principal product, 
oats, corn and wheat ; born in Ireland 
December, 1824 ; came to this county 
in 1867, married Miss Mary E. Van 
Duzer Dec. 30, 1852; she was born in 
Schuyler Co., N.Y., Feb. 3, 1832 ; have 
three children — James M.,born Oct. 13, 
1853 ; Wm. 0., Nov. 18, 1855, died 
Aug. 29, 1863 ; George W., born Oct. 
16, 1857; Robert E., Oct. 3, 1859, 
died August 15, 1861, and Nannie E., 
born March 27, 1866. Is, in religion, 
a Presbyterian, and in politics. Inde- 
pendent. 

West Thomas, lab.; S. 10; P. 0. Hazel 
Green. 

WILSON IRVIX, Farmer; S. 25; 
P. 0. Uniontown ; owns 300 acres, 
valued at $7,500 ; born in Ireland Jan. 
1, 1830 ; came to this county in 1861 ; 
principal product of farm, stock and 
grain ; married Rhoda S. Weatherby 
August, 1871, who died Feb. 24, 1876 ; 
has one child living and one deceased — 
Rhoda S., horn Oct. 27, 1872, died May 
24,1877 ; Irvin T., born Nov. 27, 1874 ; 
is a Republican and Methodist. 

WILrSON JAMES, Farmer; S. 
29 ; P. O. Golden Prairie ; owns eighty- 
five acres of land, valued at $2,5O0 ; 
born in Haddingtonshire, Scotland, April 
5, 1820 ; came to this county in 1854; 
married Miss Helen Bruce in 1860; she 
was born in Galashiels, Scotland, in 1831 ; 
They have one daughter — Melissa, born 
May 17, 1861 ; is a Republican and 
Protestant. 



700 



DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY : 



Wilson Matthew, lab.; S. 25 ; P. 0. Union- 
town. 

Wilson Thomas, far., S. 26 ; P. 0. Union- 
town. 

Winnard Thomas, far.; S. 2 ; P. 0. Hazel 
Green. 

Woodward H. W. far. ; S. 21 ; P.O. Gold- 
en Prairie. 

YOUNIE L. JR. far. ; S. 29 ; P. O. 
Manchester. 

YOtlWIE LEWIS, Farmer; Sec. 
29 ; P. 0. Manchester. Owns 160 acres 
valued at $4,000 ; born in Scotland 



Dec, 1815 ; came to America in 1830, 
and to this county in 1861. Married 
Miss Jane Maxwell Oct. 14, 1847 ; she 
was born in Scotland Feb. 28, 1828. 
Have ten children living — John W.,^ 
born July 15, 1849; Ellen, Jan. 16, 
1851 ; Jennette, Oct. 24, 1852 ; Will- 
iam, Feb. 5, 1854; Lewis, Nov. 20, 
1855 ; Ann, Oct. 4, 1857 ; Alexander, 
July 26, 1859 ; James, Oct. 26, 1861 ; 
David, Dec. 25, 1863 ; Richard, Nov. 
6, 1865 ; is a Democrat and Protest- 
ant. 



PRAIRIE TOWNSHIP. 



ALLTN CHARLES, farmer; Sec. 5; 
P. 0. Manchester. 
Anderson Christopher, far. ; S. 31 ; P. 0. 

Manchester. 
Annis A. J. far. ; P. 0. Manchester. 
Annis G. tar. ; S: 15 ; P. 0. Manchester. 
Annis John D. far. ; P. 0. Manchester. 
Annis T. J. far.; S. 12; P. 0. Man- 

BALLARD WILLIAM, Sec. 16 ; P. 
0. Manchester. 

Barlholf Alfred, far. ; Sec. 6 ; P. 0. Man- 
chester. 

Barlholf Summer, far. ; S. 6 ; P. O. Ma- 
sonville. 

Barr A. W. far. ; S. 24 ; P. 0. Barryville. 

Barr A. far.; S. 24; P. 0. Barryville. 

Barr John, far. ; S. 24 ; P. 0. Barryville. 

Barr M. far. ; S. 24 ; P. 0. Barryville. 

Barr R. far. ; S. 24 ; P. 0. Barryville. 

Barrey Charles C. far. ; Sec. 35 ; P. 0. 
Barryville. 

BARRY JOHX S. Farmer ; P. 0. 
Barryville; born in Franklin Co., Mass., 
Dec. 23. 1827 ; graduated at Williams 
College in 1853 ; married Pamelia M. 
Brown, of same county, March 10, 1852. 
She was born Sept. 27, 1827. Mr. Barry 
taught in the Union schools of Saratoga 
Springs two years after graduating ; emi- 
grated to Iowa, arriving in April, 1856, 
and settled where he now lives, and has 
780 acres of land and is a large stock 
dealer ; was appointed Postmaster, and 
established the Barryville postoffice in 
1857, and still holds the same ; they 
have had three children — John S., Jr., 



born July 21, 1843 ; Chas. C, Jan. 19. 
1856; Mattie P., July 29, 1858. John 
S., Jr. died Dec. 17, 1877. 

Beal Orin, laborer ; Masonville. 

BOARD WAY PETER, Farmer; 
Sec. 15; P. 0. Manchester; born in 
Collins, Erie Co., N. Y., Feb. 6, 1842 ; 
enlisted in Co., A. 64th N. Y. V. as 
private ; was promoted to Corporal, Ser- 
geant, Commissary Sergeant, First Lieu- 
tenant, and finally Captain ; was in the 
following battles — Fair Oaks, Antietam, 
Fredricksburg, Chancellorsville, Sucker 
Gap, Thoroughfare Gap, Gettysburgh, 
Coal Harbor, Centerville, Wilderness, 
Spotsylvania, advance on Petersburg 
and all the movements of the Second 
Army Corps up to Gen. Lee's surrender ; 
married Mary Lallman, March 3, 1867, 
of Erie Co., N. Y.,and emigrated to this 
town in September, 1867 ; they have 
one child — Maggie A. ; has eighty acres 

BRITTOX BEWJAMI]^ B. 

Farmer ; Sec. 7 ; P. 0. Masonville ; 
born in Springfield, Windsor Co., Vt., 
March 27, 1810; moved with his par- 
ents to Rutland Co., Vt., in 1827; 
married Louise Burton May 14, 1836. 
She was born in Andover, Vt., Aug. 
15,1815; they have had eight chil- 
dren — Lewis B., Henry, Leroy A., War- 
ren, L. Floridon Julie S., Warren B. 
andAltieL. Lewis B., Henry, Leroy A., 
Warren B. and L. Floridon, have died. 
Leroy A. enlisted in Co. H, 10th Regt. 
Vt. I., and died at Rockville, Maryland, 



.PRAIRIE TOWNSHIP. 



701 



of pneumonia, Dec. 17, 1862. Mr. Brit- 
ton was a member of the Vermont Legis- 
lature four years and a member of the 
Constitutional Convention once ; emi- 
grated to this town in the Spring of 
1869. 

Britton W. B. ; P. 0. Masonville. 

Buck John, lab. ; Manchester. 

Burtance Chas. H. far. ; Sec. 10 ; P. 0. 
Manchester. 

CARRADUS DAVID, farmer; Sec. 
29 ; P. 0. Barryville. 
Creamer C. E. lab. ; S. 29 ; P. 0. Man- 
chester. 
Creamer Joseph, far. ; S. 29 ; P. 0. Man- 
chester. 
Collard S. far. ; S. 15 ; P. 0. Manchester. 
Carothers C. W. far; S. 32; P. 0. 
Barryville. 

DANIEL THOMAS, farmer ; Sec. 10 ; 
P. 0. Manchester. 

Davis Alle. 

Dodge J. P. far. ; S. 3 ; P. 0. Manchester. 

Drury A. H. far. ; S. 2 ; P. 0. Manchester. 

DUREY AL.FRED, Deceased; 
born in Kent Co., England, Sept. 4, 
1830; emigrated to the State of New 
York in 1850 ; married Mary Hicks, 
who had just arrived from his native 
country, the 14th of June, 1852. Came 
to Illinois and then to this county, in 
the Spring of 1856. Have had eleven 
children, nine still living, viz. : Emma 
A., Albert H., Wm. A., Mary J., Fred- 
erick L., Charles F., Elmer E., George 
C, Libbie P., Mattie M., John A. 
Charles F. died when 8 months old, 
and Elmer died when 4 years and 6 
months. Mr. Durey died Feb. 2, 1877 ; 
was one of the first settlers of the town, 
and his son Wm. A. was the first one to 
vote that was born within this township. 
The estate has 340 acres of land, valued 
at SI 0,000. 

Durey F. far. ; Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Manchester. 

Dugan J. far. ; Sec. 35 ; P. O. Barryville. 

Durey W. A. farmre; S. 2; P. 0. Man- 
cliGstGr. 

Tj^ECKERY HENRY, laborer; P. 0. 

JD Manchester. 

Fox D. K. far. ; Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Manchester. 

Fox H. C. far.; Sec. 1 ; P.O. Manchester. 

Freles Daniel K. carpenter; Sec. 29 ; P. O. 
Manchester. 

C^ ARDNER HENRY, farmer ; S. 6 ; 
J P. 0. Masonville. 



Gardner W. S. far. ; S. 6 ; P. O. Mason- 
ville. 

Genneull Geo. E. far. ; S. 8 ; P. 0. Mason- 
ville. 

Grant Chas. G. renter ; S. 2 ; P. O. Man- 
chester. 

Grant Geo. W. rtr. ; S. 23 ; P. 0. Man- 
chester. 

HASSY MICHAEL G. farmer ; S. 23 ; 
P. 0. Manchester. 

HEALY PATRICK, Farmer ; S. 
29 ; P. 0. Manchester ; born in Ireland 
in 1798; emigrated from Connaught to 
America, landing in New York in 1828; 
lived in Connecticut until 1857, when 
he came to this county and town. Has 
three children living, and have lost 
seven. Name of those living — Thomas 
H., Bridget and Margaret. One son 
enlisted in the late war, and was killed 
at the battle of luka. Has eighty acres of 
land. 

Healy Thomas, lab. ; Manchester. 

Hellier John, far. ; S. 2 ; P. 0. Manchester. 

HIIiLIER THOMAS, Farmer j 
S. 2; P. 0. Manchester; born in Devon- 
shire, Eng., Jan., 1822 ; came to the 
United States in 1852, and stopped in 
Illinois four years, then came to this 
county, on the land he now owns, in 
1857, and built his house, which has 
ever been open for religious meetings 
and Sunday schools. Married his first 
wife while in England, whose name was 
Ann Dadds, in 1846; she died in 
1850 ; had one son — John. In the 
Fall of 1855, Mr. Hillier married the 
widow Anna May, whose maiden name 
was Rice, who married James King, 
and after his death married Ezra May, 
who also died, leaving her the Widow 
May. She was a native of Rome, 
Oneida Co., N. Y. 

Hines Jas. far. ; S. 28 ; P. 0. Barryville. 

Hines T., Sr., far.; S. 28 ; P.O. Barryville. 

JOHNSON JOHN, renter; P. 0. Bar- 
ryville. 
Joslyn R. W. laborer. 

KEISER HENRY, firmer; Sec. 15 -. 
P. O. Manchester. 
Kelser J. far.; Sec. 15 ; P. 0. Manchester. 
Kelley John, Sr. farmer; Sec. 19; P. 0. 

Masonville. 
Kelley Peter, laborer ; P. 0. Masonville. 
Kennedy David, farmer; Sec. 34; P. 0. 
Manchester. 



702 



DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY: 



Kramer J. far.; S. 29; P. 0. Barrjville. 

LAWRENCE N. W. farmer ; Sec. 3 ; 
P. Manchester. 
Libby Charles A. farmer ; Sec. 10 ; P. O. 

Manchester. 
Lightfoot A. L. renter ; P. 0. Manchester, 
Lindrum J. far.; S. 32 ; P. 0. Manchester. 
Luddey J. far.; S. 21 ; P. 0. MasonviUe. 
Lyman C.W. farmer; Sec. 12; P. 0. 

Manchester. 
Lyman H. E. farmer; Sec. 27 ; P. 0. 

Barry villc. 
Lyman W. C. farmer ; Sec. 27 ; P. 0. 

Barryville. 
Lyon C. far.; Sec. 30 ; P. 0. Manchester. 
Lyon E. M. far.; S. 8 ; P. 0. Manchester. 

McFARLAN RICHARD, farmer; 
Sec. 8 ; P. 0. Manchester. 
McGuire J. far.; S. 31 ; P. 0. Manchester. 
McKiitrick P. M. renter; P. 0. Tower Hill. 
McMahon Owen, farmer; Sec. 21-; P. 0. 

Barryville. 
Maloney John, renter ; P. 0. Barryville. 
Miller Andrew Jr. farmer ; Sec. 13 ; P. 0. 

Manchester. 
Morris Thos. F. laborer; P. 0. Manchester. 
Mulligan Michael lab.; P. 0. Barryville. 
Mulvehill J. far.; S. 8 ; P. 0. MasonviUe. 
Mulvehill M. far.; S. 8 ; P. 0. Masonviile. 
Mulvehill P. far.; S. 8 ; P. 0. M:isonville. 
Murphy E. far.; S. 19; P.O. Barryville. 

ORVIS W. M. farmer ; Sec. 9 ; P. 0. 
Manchester. 
ORVIS E. p. Farmer; Sec. 12; P. 
0. Manchester ; wa-s born in Washing- 
ton Co.. N. Y., April 8, 1824 ; came to 
Illinois in 1844 ; married Caroline Put- 
nam in Kane Co., 111., Nov. 21, 1846; 
and came to thi.s State some years after, 
and settled on his present form ; have 
seven children — Theodore W., Arvilla 
A., Florence V., Alice E., Elmore W., 
Fannie Z. and Frank E. Is a Repub- 
lican ; Independent in religion. 

P EMBER WILLIAM, renter ; P.O. 
Manchester. 
RYAN PATRICK, farmer; Sec. 21 ; 
P. 0. Barryville. 
RICR Wn. K. Farmer ; See. 5 ; P. 
O. MasonviUe; born Oct. 9. 1845, in 
Hartsgrove, Ashtabula Co., Ohio ; came 
to town in May, I8(;9; married Irene 
Young, of A.shtabula Co., Dec. 19, 1871 ; 
she was born Sept. 28, 1850. They 
have two children — Bertha, born Feb. 
14. 1873, and Alma, born June 19, 



1876. W. E. and A. H. Rice own 160 
acres of land on Sec. 5. 

QELLENS GEO. farmer ; Sec. 3 ; P. 0. 

>0 Manchester. 

Sellons Wm. far. ; S. 3 ; P. 0. Manchester. 

Shofner S. M. far. ; S. 27 ; P. 0. Barryville. 

SmJttOXS CALiVIN, Farmer; 
Sec. 14 ; P. 0. Mancliester ; born in On- 
tario Co., N. Y., June 1, 1803. Came 
to Ohio in 1826, and from there to Illi- 
nois in 1853, and to township of Prairie, 
Delaware Co., Iowa, in 1869 ; married 
Harriet Preston, of Ontario, N. Y., Feb. 
25, 1823; shedicd Sept. 16, 1827;married 
Mary Janet Stimson in Medina Co., 0., 
Aug. 11, 1851 ; had seven children by 
first marriage — Myrett, William G., 
John F., ^V^alter, Caleb, Harriet, 
Maryett. Owns 280 acres of land ; be- 
longs to M. E. Church ; in politics. 
Republican. 

Smith T. far. ; Sec. 3 ; P. 0. Manchester. 

Snyder G. W. far. ; Sec. 12 ; P. 0. Man- 
chester. 

Stewart R.F . far.; S. 10 ; P. 0. Manchester. 

Stewart W. P. laborer ; Manchester. 

STILES HEI^RY, Far.; S. 2 ; P.; . 
MasonviUe; born Jan. 2, 1836, in Peru, 
Bennington Co., Vt.; married Helen 
Rider, of same town. May 14, 1865 ; 
came to this town April, 1866, and 
opened up and improved the farm on 
which he now lives ; they have two 
children — Francis J. and Harry E ; Mr. 
Stiles enlisted in the 2d Reg. Vt. Brig., 
Oct., 1861, serving in the Army of the 
Potomac his full time of enli-stment; Mrs. 
Stiles was born Oct. 7, 1843. 
Stimpson Jason, far.; S. 13; P. 0. Man- 
chester. 

Stimpson Milton, far.; S. 13; P. 0. Man- 
chester. 

W^EAVER BENJAMIN, farmer; 
S. 16; P. 0. Manchester. 

Welch James, renter; S. 8 ; P. O. Mason- 
viUe. 

Welch Robert,for.;S. 8 ; P. 0. MasonviUe. 

WILEY HENRY C. Farmer; S. 
7; P. O. Masonviile; born in Windsor 
Co., Vt., Dec. 4, 1844, and lived at 
home until his arrival at age, clerking 
for his father the latter part of the time 
in his father's store ; emigrated to Iowa 
and has resided in this town for the past ■ 
eight years ; married Lucretia F. Mar- 
tin March 30, 1869 ; she was born in 



BREMEN TOWNSHIP. 



703 



BureauCo.,111., June 23, 1852; they have 
three children — Edmond P., Clarence 
M., and Pliney A.; owns 120 acres of 
land and has an orchard of 1 ,200 apple 



trees doing finely and just coming into 
bearing. 
Woodcock W. H. lab.; P. 0. Manchester. 



BREMEN TOWNSHIP. 



AHMANN ADOLPH, f^umer; S. 24; 
P. 0. Petersburg. 
Althoff Theodore, far. ; S. 3 ; P. 0. Pe- 
tersburg. 
Areus H. far. ; S. 23 ; P. 0. Dyersville. 
Arens Jos. far. ; S. 17 ; P. 0. Petersburg. 

BACKENSTEDT ARNOLD, farmer ; 
S. 12 ; P. 0. New Vienna. 

Ben Wm. far. ; S. 28 ; P. 0. New Vienna. 

Bisgrove E. far. ; S. 33 ; P. 0. Earlville. 

Bisgrove F. far. ; S. 34 ; P. 0. Dyersville. 

BlI^GROYE HENRY, Farmer; 
S. 34 ; born in Parish Wedmore, 
Stoughton, Eng., April 5, 1822. Moved 
to this country and Dubuque Co., Iowa, 
in 1857 ; settled on his present farm in 
1868. He was married in 1846 to 
Miss Jane Clapp, from Ash ton, Eng.; 
born July 21, 1819. They have had 
seven children — Elizabeth J., Edward, 
Frank, Hannah, Luke, George C, John 
R. Elizabeth J. married John Rich, 
of Delhi. Edward married Mary J. 
Gibbs, of North Fork Tp., and lives on 
S. 33, Brown Tp. Mr. B. has 160 
acres of land, valued at $8,000. In 
politics, Republican ; irjffeligion, Metho- 
dist. 

Bisgrove L. far. ; S. 34 ; P. 0. Dyersville. 

Bockenstedt A. far. ; S. 12. 

Bohnenkomp F. far. ; S. 3 ; P. 0. Peters- 
burg. 

Bohnenkomp H. far. ; S. 3 ; P. 0. Peters- 
burg. 

Bruening B. iar. ; S. 27 ; P. 0. Dyersville. 

Burlet John, far. ; S. 30 ; P. 0. Earlville. 

i^OOK JOHN, farmer ; P. O. Earlville. 

Couissins T. far.; Sec. 32 ; P. 0. Earlville. 

DAENIER PETER, merchant ; Pe- 
tersburg. 
Deppe Wm. far. ; S. 4 ; P. 0. Petersburg. 
Doolittle A. S. far. ; S. 31 ; P. 0. Earlville. 
Drexler John, Sr. farmer ; Sec. 14 ; P. O. 

Dyersville. 
Dreiler J. Jr. far. ; S. 28 ; P. 0. Dyersville. 



EIGENBERGER GEORGE, laborer ; 
P. 0. Petersburg. 
Eigenberger J. far. ; Sec. 17 ; P. 0. Peters- 
burg. 
Eike Jos. far. ; Sec. 6 ; P. 0. Petersburg. 

FANGMAN CLEMENS, farmer; Sec. 
35 ; P. 0. Dyersville. 
Fangman J. far. ; S. 33 ; P. 0. Dyersville. 
Funke B. far.; Sec. 35 ; P. 0. Dyersville. 
Funke H. far. ; S. 13 ; P. 0. New Vienna. 
r^ IBBS EDWARD, farmer ; Sec. 31 ; 
VX p. 0. Earlville. 
Glynn Patrick, Sec. 28 ; P. 0. Dyersville. 
Goedken H. far.; S. 5 ; P. 0. Petersburg. 
Goerett Carl, far.; S. 24 ; P. 0. Dyersville. 

HARMIER ANTONE,far.; S.7 ; P.O. 
Petersburg. 

Harmier Henry, far.; P. 0. Petersburg. 

Hehman Fred, far.; S. 6 ; P. 0. Petersburg. 

Herman Grave, far.; S. 22 ; Dyersville. 

Hildebrand Geo. far.; S. 17 ; P. 0. Peters- 
burg. 

Houkomp A. far.; S. 4 ; P. 0. Petersburg. 

Houkomp H. far.; S.12 ; P. 0. New Vienna. 

Hunt Henry, far.; S. 32 ; P. 0. Earlville. 

HIJXT JAMES, Far.; S. 32 ; P. 0. 
Earlville ; born in England June 7,1830 ; 
moved to this country and Ohio in 
1841 ; to Iowa and to his present farm 
1857; he was married, 1865 to Miss 
Elizabeth Gibbs, from England ; she was 
born June 20, 1844 ; they have had 
ten children, eight living — Robert, 
George, Ellen, Allen, Willia'm, James, 
Sidney, Phoebe A.; Mr. Hunt has 1,600 
acres of land located in Bremen, Oneida 
and Delhi Tps., valued at $25,000 ; he 
purchased 160 acres of the Government 
in 1853 ; he deals quite extensively in 
stock ; in politics, a Republican ; his 
brother, Henry Hunt, lives wiih him 
and helps to carry on the farm 

JANSE HENRY, far.; S. 16 ; P. O. 

tJ Dyersville. 

KERKHOFF HERMAN, flirmer ; S. 
20 ; P. 0. Dyersville. 



704 



DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY: 



Kerne John, far. ; S. 24 ; P. 0. Dyersville. 

KirckhoflF A. far. ; S. 22 ; P. 0. Dyersville. 

Kirckhoff H. far. ; S. 9 ; P. 0. Petersburg. 

Kirckhoff Henry, far.; S. 12; P. C). 
Dyersville. 

Kleespies J. Sr. f\ir. ; S. 7 ; P. 0. Earlville. 

KLEESPIES JACOB, Farmer; 
S. 7 ; P. 0. Earlville ; born in the king- 
dom of Bavaria, Prussia, in 1826 ; 
came to this country and New Jersey in 
1851 ; to this State and Dubuque in 
1855. He settled on his present farm 
in 1864 ; was married in 1854 to Miss 
Elizabeth Frey, from Prussia. They 
have had nine children, two dead — Caro- 
line, Mary, Joseph, William, Valentine, 
Adam, Anthony. He has 200 acres of 
land, valued at"$lU,()0(l. He has held 
the office of Justice of the Peace tvfo 
years ; Township Trustee six years ; 
School Director nine years. His fether, 
Adam Kleespies, lives with him. He is 
77 years old. He enlisted in the I07th 
Regt. N. Y. Zouaves in our late rebel- 
lion ; was in the battles of Fortress 
Monroe and Yorktown. 

Koclker H. far. ; S. 4 ; P. 0. Petersburg. 

Koclker H. far. ; S. 4 ; P. 0. Petersburg. 

Kramer F. far. ; S. 18 ; P. 0. Petersburg. 

Krapfl G. far. ; S. 15 ; P. 0. New Vienna. 

Krapfl G. Jr. far. ; S. 15 ; P. 0. Dyers- 
ville. 

Krogmann 0. far.; S. 19; P. 0. Peters- 
burg. 
LAPPE JOHN, far.; S. 28; P. 0. 
Dyersville. 

LrE GAI^^ICK J AMEI^, Farmer; 
S. 29 ; P. O. Earlville ; born in London, 
Eng., in 1830. Moved with his par- 
ents to this country and Ohio in 1841 ; 
to Cook Co., 111., in 1848; to Iowa and 
on his present farm in 1852. He was 
married in 1857 to Miss Sophia Hayes, 
from England. They have had one 
child — John, born May 26, 1867. Mr. 
L. held the office of County Supervisor 
nine years "under the former system. 
He now holds the same under the 
present system. He held the office of 
Justice of the Peace sixteen years ; 
Town.ship Clerk four years ; Township 
Assessor three years ; Township Trustee 
ten years ; Secretary School Board six- 
teen years. He has 24(1 acres of land, 
valued at $12,000. He lost his dwell- 
ing by fire May 2, 1874. Mr. Le Gas- 



sick is held in high esteem by the peo- 
ple of the county, and walks off with 
large majorities at the county and town- 
ship elections. 

Leib Henry, school teacher ; P. 0. New 
Vienna. 

Leichtberg Bernard, far. ; S. 12 ; P. 0. 
New Vienna. 

Loesche H. far. ; S. 6 ; P. 0. Earlville. 

Luke H. A. flir. ; S. 1 ; P. 0. New Vienna. 

MAIROSE CLEMENS, farmer ; S. 
4 ; P. 0. Petersburg. 

MAASJOST REV. S. Clergyman 
Parish SS. Peter and Paul; P. 0. 
Petersburg; born in Prussia in 1839; 
came to this country and Guttenburg, 
Clayton Co., Iowa, in 1852 ; to this 
county and parish in 1873; their church 
was organized in 1867, and was built 
the same year ; it is 100x45 ft. ; they 
have a membership of 135 families. 
Father Maasjost was instructed in the 
Englisn language in Prussia and Bel- 
gium, and notwithstanding, he has offi- 
ciated over two entire German parishes ; 
he speaks and writes the English 
fluently. 

Mairose Jos. far.; S. 9 ; P. O. Petersburg. 

Meorman B. far.; S. 9 ; P. 0. Petersburg. 

Mullencamp Antone, far.; Sec. 8 ; P. 0. 
Petersburg. 

"XTABER B. D. farmer ; Sec. 2 ; P. 0. 

_L\| Petersburg. 

Naber G. far. ; S. 3 ; P. 0. Petersburg. 

Naber J. far. ; S. 11 ; P. 0. New Vienna. 

Naber J. H. far. ; S. 11; P.O. New Vienna. 

Nichols D. renter ; Sec. 25 ; P. 0. Dyers- 
ville. 

Nurre B. far. ; Sec. 17 ; P. 0. Petersburg. 

OLBERDING H. retired; P. 0. Dyers- 
ville. 
Osterhous J. far. ; S. 6 ; P. 0. Petersburg. 
Overmann F. far. ; S. 8 ; P .0. Petersburg. 

PETSCHE PETER, peddler; P. O. 
Petersburg. 
T3AUCH JOHN. 

Riden W. far. ; S. 25 ; P. O. Dyersville. 

RUBL.Y FREDERICK, Mercht 
and Postmaster ; P. 0. Petersburg ; 
born in Pa., 1847 ; he came to Iowa, 
and this township in 1858 ; settled in 
Petersburg in 1872; he was married in 
1869 to Miss Thresa R. Ricksher, from 
Fort Madison, Iowa. They have had five 
children — Andrew, John, William, Rose, 



UNION TOWNSHIP. 



705 



Bertha ; he has held theoflice of Justice 
of the Peace for two years, Assessor two 
years, Township Clerk one year, 
Postmaster three years ; he is in partner- 
ship with his brother John ; they keep 
a general stock of merchandise ; Mr. 
Rubly,duringthe Winter months, teaches 
school while his brother carries on the 
business. 

Rubly John, merchant, Petersburg. 

QANDERCOCK JOHN, far. ; Sec. 3(1 ; 

iO p. 0. Earlville. I 

Sassen B. merchant ; Petersburg. | 

Schaffers H. far. ; S. 34 ; P. 0. Dyersville. 

Scheberding J. saloon keeper ; Petersburg. 

Schlikman J. far. ; S. 33 ; P. 0. Dyersville. 

8chmeidingC. far.; S. 16; P.O.Petersburg. 

Schmeiker C. far. ; S. 20 ; P.O. Petersburg, j 

Schmidt P. shoemaker ; Petersburg. 

Schertz H. far. ; Sec. 9 ; P. 0. Petersburg. 

Seigell A. laborer ; P. 0. Dyersville. 

Sellnar A. far. ; S. 19 ; P. O. Petersburg. 

SiiHsS. farmer; Sec. 3(i; P. 0. Earlville. 

Sorster A. far. ; Sec. 5 ; P. 0. Petersburg. 



Stangel A. far. ; S. 15 ; P. 0. Petersburg. 
Staples J. far. ; Sec. 25 ; P. 0. Dyersville. 
Steger G. Sr. far. ; S. 23 ; P. 0. Dyersville. 
Steger G. Jr. far. ; S. 23 ; P.O. Dyersville. 
Steger M.far. ; Sec. 25 ; P.O. Dyersville. 
Sudmire G. far. ; S. 2 ; P. 0. Petersburg. 
Sudmier J. tar.; S. 20 ; P. 0. New Vienna. 

TUSHNAR FRED, farmer ; Sec. 19 ; 
P. 0. Petersburg. 
TT'OESSING WM. farmer ; Sec. 20 ; 
V P. 0. Petersburg. 

WEISCHE H. farmer ; Sec. 31 ; P. 
0. Earlville. 

Wessell B. far. ; S. 1 ; P. 0. New Vienna. 

Wessell J. W. far. ; S. 1 ; P. 0. New 
Vienna. 

Westenmier F. farmer; S. 21 ; P.O. Dyers- 
ville. 

WestlakeS. far.; P. 0. Earlville. 

Westmier 0. farmer ;. Sec. 21. 

Witte J. tar. ; S. 3 ; P. 0. Petersburg. 

Witte Joseph, carpenter ; Petersburg. 

Wordelhotf Wm. far. ; S. 17 ; P. 0. Peters- 



UNION TOWNSHIP. 



BACON BERTRAND, far.; S. 2 ; P. 
0. Hopkinton. 

Bacon Charles, far.; P. 0. Hopkinton. 

Bacon I. far.; S. 32 ; P. 0. Grove Creek. 

Bacon J. renter ; S. 21 ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 

Bacon J. C. farm hand; P. O. Hopkinton. 

Bacon J. M. lab.; P. 0. Hopkinton. 

Baker John, far.; P. 0. Hopkinton. 

Barnes F. S. far.; P. 0. Hopkinton. 

Barnes James, far.; S. 19 ; P.O. Uniontown. 

Barrows L. S. far.; S. 23 ; P. O. Hopkinton. 

BERLIN PAUJL B. renter; S. 32 ; 
P. 0. Grove Creek ; born in Pennsyl- 
vania in 1855, and lived there until he 
was 16 years of age ; he then came to 
Delaware County and has made it his 
home since then ; was married in 1875 
to Caddie Hogg, who was born in this 
county ; Democrat. 

Blanchard Aaron P. far.; S. 22; P. 0. 
Hopkinton. 

Blanchard Curtis, lab.; P. 0. Hopkinton. 

Blanchard Perry C. lab.; P. 0. Hopkinton. 

Billings Charles, P. 0. Hopkinton. 

Billings Charles D. far.; P. 0. Hopkinton. 

Britt John, far.; S. 9 ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 



Burnight J. far.; S. 31 ; P.O. Grove Creek. 

Byam Oliver, far.; S. 30 ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 

Byrom Benj. far.; P. 0. Hopkinton. 

/ SONANT E. G. flir.; S. 22 ; P. 0. Hop- 

V_y kinton. 

Conner 0. C far.; S. -t ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 

CROSS li. D. Farmer; S. 33 ; P. 0. 
Grove Creek ; was born in New Hamp- 
shire in 1813, and lived there until 18 
years old ; removed to State of Vermont, 
and remained there until he was 21 years 
old ; then moved to Hartford, Ct., then 
to Lowell, Mass., from there to Illinois, 
and then to this State ; has lived in 
Delaware Co. thirty-five years ; was mar- 
ried in 1 840 to Phoebe Bullard, of Mass., 
one child living — Orlando M.; one, Car- 
oline, dead ; Republican ; Baptist. 
DANFORD JOSHUA, farmer; P. 
0. Hopkinton. 

Danford Wm. far. ; S. 8 ; P. 0. Union. 

DAVIS MARION E. Renter; S. 
29 ; P. 0. Grove Creek ; was born in 
Illinois in 1852 ; came to this county 
when about 2 years old, and has been 
here since. Married Melvina Everhart, 



706 



DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUMY 



of Pennsylvania, in 1874. Has one 

child — Grace. Republican. 
Dayton H. farm hand ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 
Dolley G. far. ; S. 31 ; P. 0. Uniontown. 
Dolley H. fir. ; S. 20 ; P. 0. Grove Creek. 
Douglas S. far. ; S. 23 ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 
Dufoe Oliver, far. ; S. 21 ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 

ELLIOTT WM. far.; S. 20, P. 0. 
Uniontown. 
GARLICK GEORGE, voter;' P.O. 
LTniontown. 
Garlick Thos. S. far. ; S. 20 ; P. 0. Union- 
town. 
Garvin David, far. ; S. 19 ; P. 0. Union- 
town. 
Gavitt D. W. far. ; S. 23 ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 
Green C. far. ; S. 17 ; P. 0. Uniontown. 
Griess J. faa'.; S. 19 ; P. 0. Uniontown. 
Guthrie J. renter; S. 29; P. 0. Grove 

HAIGH JAMES; See. 4; P. 0. 
Hopkinton. 

HICKIIA^ DE:!IAR€LiS L. 

Farmer; Sec. 21; P.O. Hopkinton; 
was born in Ohio March 2, 1844 ; lived 
there until he w^as 7 years of age, when 
he came to Jones Co., Iowa; owns 120 
acres of land, valued at $3,000. Mar- 
ried Mary Lambert, of Ohio, in 1874; 
has one child, named James J. Dem- 
ocrat. 

Hickmam K. far.; S. 30 : P. 0. Grove 
Creek. 

HOGO JAMES H. Merchant and 
Postmaster ; Grove Creek ; was born in 
this county in 1850. and has made this 
his home all his life. The father of 
Mr. Hogg was engaged in the mercantile 
business for a number of years, the son 
being in partnership as soon as he was 
old enough ; last September, the father 
died, and the son has since carried on 
the business alone ; has a stock valued 
at S5,00<t ; intends to start a creamery 
soon ; has been Postmaster five years. 
Married Emma Berlin, of Pennsylva- 
nia, in 1871 ; two children — William 
W. and Ora E. Democrat. 

Hogan iM. lar.; S. 35 ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 

Hogg Chas. R. clerk for his father ; P. 0. 
Grove Creek. 

Hogg John M. farmer ; P. 0. Hopkinton, 

Holmes Sidney ; S. 23 ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 

Hugh Watson ; S. 9 ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 

TOHNSON A. R. farmer; Sec. 22 ; P. 

fj 0. Hopkinton. 



Jacobs Jos. farmer. 

KAHMER LEWIS, farmer; P. 0. 
Hopkinton. 

Kahmer R.; S. ■.:2 ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 

Kehoe Patrick ; S. 35 ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 

KEITH BEX J. Jr. Farmer; Sec. 
6 ; P. Delhi ; was born in Ohio in 
1819, and lived there until 1854, when 
he came to this county ; owns 200 acres 
of land valued at $6,000. Married 
Sarah Danford, of Ohio, in 1840 ; has 
had twelve children, eight of them now 
living ; Republican ; Methodist. 

Keith Clifford, farmer; P. 0. Hopkinton. 

Keith Jno. D. farmer ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 

Keith J. S.: Sec. 33 ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 

KEITH PETER S. Farmer ; Sec. 

6 ; P. 0. Delhi ; w;is born in Ptnnsyl- 
vania in 1834, and lived there until — 
years of age ; he then removed to Wis- 
consin and remained there until 1872, 
when he went to Iowa ; came to this 
county in 1875. Married Athalia Keith, 
of Rockford, 111., in 18(i2 ; has six 
children — Emma, Sherman, Walter, 
Minnie, Harmon, Nellie. Republican. 

KEITH PETER, Fanner; Sec. 

7 ; P. 0. Delhi ; was born in Ohio in 
1825, and lived there until 1851 ; then 
came to this county, and has been here 
engaged in farming, since that time ; he 
owns 1(30 acres of land, valued at $4,800. 
Was married in 1872 to Cihney Webb, 
of Pennsylvania ; has four children — 
Francis M., Lewis H., Martin T. and 
Mary A. Republican. Methodist. 

Keith Robt. far. P. 0. Hopkinton. 
Keith Wm. B. far. ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 
Kelly T. far. ; Sec. 10 ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 
King 0. far.; Sec. 17 ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 

LOVELAND WM. A. renter; P. 0. 
Grove Creek. 
Lowe J. far. ; Sec. 3 ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 
Lyon J. far. ; Sec. 28 ; P. 0. Grove Creek. 
"i /f AIN E. farmer ; P. O. Union. 

Main E. S. farmer ; P. 0. Union. 
Main N. W. far. ; S. 18 ; P. O. Uniontown. 
Main S. far. ; Sec. 19 ; P. O. Uniontown. 
Morgan A. far. ; Sec. 5 ; P. 0. Delhi. 
Morgan Christopher, P. 0. Uniontown. 
Moulton C. far. ; Sec. 20 ; P. 0. Union. 
Moulton Michael, far. ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 
Moulton Reuben, far. ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 
/'\RR J. C. farmer; P. 0. Hopkinton 



UNION TOWNSHIP. 



TOT 



P 



LACE R. W. far. ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 



PERSOX PETER, Farmer; Sec. 
G ; P. 0. Delhi ; was bora in New Jersey 
in 184:8. When about 6 years old, 
moved to Wisconsin, where he remained 
12 years. From there he went to Iowa, 
Nebraska and Dakota, remaining from 
three to six months in each place, and 
finally settling in Iowa, and has been 
living in Delaware Co. since. Married 
Patience Healy, of Iowa, Feb. 14, 1876. 
One child — Henry C. 

Porter J. far. ; Sec. 20 ; P. 0. Uniontown. 

Porter, T. C. far. ; Sec. 32 ; P. 0. Grove 
Creek. 

Porter W. B. far. ; Sec. 20 ; P. 0. Union. 

Purkey Andrew, Jr., far. ; Sec. 28 ; P. 0. 
Grove Creek. 

Purkey D. S. farmer ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 

Purkey Levi, Sec. 34 ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 

RADCLIFF THOS. farmer ; Sec. 11 ; 
P. 0. Hopkinton, 
Radcliff W. far. ; S. 11 ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 
Ratliff F. far. ; Sec. 23 ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 
Robinson Henry, farmer; P. 0. Hopkinton. 
Robinson 0. rtr. ; S. 20 ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 

SANNER GEORGE, farmer ; S. 8 ; P. 
0. Uniontown. 

Smith A. G. far. ; S. 18 ; P. 0. Uniontown. 

Smith Frank, farmer ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 

Smith John, far. ; S. 18 ; P. 0. Uniontown. 

Smith J. D. far. ; S. 18 ; P. 0. Uniontown. 

Smith J. N. farmer ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 

Squires Salem, far.; S. 28; P. 0. Hop- 
kinton. 

Stangher C. far.; S. 29; P. 0. Grove 
Creek. 

Stangher Joseph, far. ; S. 29 ; P. 0. Grove 

THOkPSON I. C. renter; S. 31 ; P. 
0. Grove Creek. 
Thompson J. C. far. ; S. 27 ; P. 0. Grove 

WELCH JOHN S. far. ; S. 19 ; P. 0. 
Uniontown. 
WEIiCH W. M. Attorney at Law; 
S. 19 ; P. 0. Uniontown. He was 
born in Frostburgh, Alleghany Co., Md., 



April 14, 1852, at the age of 9 years. 
He came with parents to Clayton Co., 
Iowa, where they remained until Sept., 
1867, then coming to Union Tp. and 
settling where they now live. He was 
educated at the Hopkinton Collegiate 
Institute, Iowa, and Western College, 
Linn Co., 111. Mr. Welch was admitted 
to the bar Sept. 3, 1874, by Hon. David 
S. Wilson, Judge. Since then he has 
devoted his time to practicing law in 
the Summer and teaching in the Winter. 
He is now teaching in Cofl&n's ^ -"^ 
where he has taught for four Winiv, 
terms. Mr. W. took an active part in 
the county seat fight of 1875 between 
Manchester and Delhi, working for 
Manchester, having obtained over 1,000 
names. 

WINCH W. HENRY, Farmer; S. 
32 ; P. 0. Grove Creek ; was born in 
Ohio in 1838, and lived there six years, 
then came to Iowa, stopping in Dubuque 
Co. four years ; came to this county in 
1850, and has been here ever since; 
married to Mary Bacon, of Ohio, in 
1863 ; have four children — Clara E., 
Anna L., Martin H. C, and Jennie W. 
Owns 150 acres of land, valued at 
$4,500. Democrat ; Universalist. Mr. 
W. has held the office of Township 
Trustee and President of School Board. 

Wheelis W. B. rtr. ; S. 32 ; P. 0. Grove 

Whitaker S. P. far. ; S. 27 ; P. 0. Hop- 
kinton. 
Wilson Guy, renter ; S. 29 ; P. 0. Grove 

WIIiSON NICHOIiAS, Farmer; 
S. 6 ; P. 0. Delhi ; was born in Penn- 
sylvania in 1820, and lived there until 
23 years of age. At that time moved 
to Ogle Co., 111., where he remained six 
years, then came to this place. Owns 
390 acres of land, valued at $11,700. 
Married Jemima Martin, who was from 
Pennsylvania ; has five children living 
and two dead. Republican ; Methodist. 

Wragg Peter, farmer. 



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panies tlie above to alternate. 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 

iinii'M I III! I III 11 !iiiiii 



■III. Mil III III I 111 nil I III III I 

016 093 324 



